Erikson’s 8 Stages Psychosocial Development
Pediatrics: Development
Age & Stage
Attributes
0-18 months
Trust vs. Mistrust
Virtue: Hope & Optimism
Infant
Autonomy vs.
Shame & Doubt
18 mo. - 3 yrs.
Toddlers &
Early childhood
Virtue: Will use freedom &
self-restraint
Initiative vs. Guilt
3 - 6 yrs.
Virtue: Purpose, ability to
start activities & goals
Preschool
6 - 12 yrs.
Need & Focus
Industry vs. Inferiority
School Age
Virtue: Competence in
intellectual, social
& physical skills
12 - 18 yrs.
Identity vs.
Role Confusion
Good Outcome
Bad Outcome
Safety w/ Mother
(caregiver)
Trust & faith in
environment and
with caregivers
Fear & suspicion
with people &
environment
Independent from
parents
Independence &
control over
behavior & skills =
Autonomy
Failure to achieve
autonomy leads to
shame & doubt
Powerful within family
& exploring
Initiative
+ Assertive =
Sense of purpose
Asserting too
much power =
disapproval & guilt
Good w/ Neighbors,
Classmates, & friends
Feeling competent
with social &
academic demands
Failure in
social & academia
= feeling inferior
Socializing
& Fit into Peer Groups
Sense of self &
personal identity
Staying true to yourself
Confused with
self identity =
Lonely, isolated
Adolescence
Virtue: Fidelity, fitting into
the world as own person
19 - 40 yrs.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Love
Partners
& Friends
Strong
relationships
(intimate & loving)
Weak
relationships =
lonely & isolated
Generativity vs.
Stagnation
Provide value to
household /
society
“Give a gift”
Feeling of
accomplishment &
usefulness in
family & society
Shallow sense
of self with limited
involvement in
the world.
Reflection on life
“Receive a gift”
Wisdom &
fulfillment while
reflecting on life
Regret,
bitterness &
despair with life
Early Adulthood
Virtue: Love, finding & losing
self in others & career.
40 - 65 yrs.
Virtue: Care
Guidance & teaching
new generation
Adulthood
65+ yrs.
Integrity vs. Despair
Maturity
Virtue: Wisdom
Fulfillment & satisfaction
Who am I?
Kaplan Question
… adolescence … associated with
establishment of which developmental goal?
Sense of identity
ATI Questions
Q1: Which age group experiences the stage of
autonomy vs shame and doubt?
Toddlers
Q2: successful achievement of Erikson’s … for
the 3-year-old toddler?
Encouraging the child to assist in removing
the dressing on his leg
HESI Questions
Q1: Which task… belongs to infancy?
Trust
Q2: A 4-year-old ... Which stage of Erikson’s theory … is
the nurse addressing when teaching inhalation therapy?
Initiative
Q3: ... most significant impact on the socialization of
school age children?
Classmates
Saunders Questions
Q1: 8-year-old ... seems to be more attentive to friends
than anything else. Using Erikson’s ... which response?
At this age, the child is developing his own personality
Q2: 2 ½ year old child…. Using Erikson’s which should
the nurse plan care around?
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
C
C
C
T A
C
B C
C U