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1) The position at which potential energy is defined to be zero is a
.
2) Match each form of energy to its description.
sum of the kinetic
and potential energy
of a system
stored energy of an
Earth-object system
as a result of
gravitational
attraction between
the object and Earth
depends on an
object's moment of
inertia and angular
velocity
sum of kinetic
energy and potential
energy of an object's
particles
energy of a
compressed spring or
stretched rubber
band
rotational kinetic energy
thermal energy
elastic potential energy
gravitational potential energy
mechanical energy
3) Translational kinetic energy is best defined as
the energy that results from any motion of an object.
the energy due to linear motion of an object.
the change in energy of an object.
the ability of an object to produce change.
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4) Match each vocabulary term to its definition.
energy
a unit of power
defined as 1 joule per
second
ability of an object to
produce a change in
itself or its
surroundings
joule
efficiency
power
watt
rate at which energy
is transformed
the SI unit used for
work
compares a
machine's output
work to its input work
5) A 7.00 N weight is raised from the ground to 1.80 m above the ground. How much work is
done on the weight?
J
6) It takes an electric motor 12 s to move a 450-N load a distance of 25 m. How much power is
developed by the motor?
W
7) Heidi and her mother exert a total force of 8.90×102 N in moving a heavy sofa 14.0 m to
another room. Her mother exerts twice as much force as Heidi exerts. How much work does
each person do in moving the sofa?
WHeidi =
J
Wmother =
J
8) An adult exerts a force of 25 N to pull a child 350 m across the snow on a sled. If the rope
that joins the sled is at an angle of 30.0° above the horizontal, how much work is done on
the sled?
J
9) A shelf stocker lifts a 7.5-kg carton from the floor to a height of 0.70 m, carries it 45 m at
constant speed across the store and places it on a shelf 1.5 m above the floor. How much
work does the worker do on the carton?
J
10) At what speed can a 120-W motor lift a 2800-N load?
m/s
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11) A mover uses a force parallel to the ramp of 720.0 N to push a 370.0-kg piano on wheels
up a ramp onto a stage. The ramp is 8.00 m long, and the stage is 1.50 m above the floor.
a. How much work does the mover do on the piano?
J
b. What is the output work of the ramp?
J
12) If the external world does work on a system, the
.
external world becomes warmer
energy of the system increases
amount of work done on the system has a negative value
energy of the system decreases
13) Work is done on an object when a force is exerted on the object causing the object to be
displaced
.
in a circle
perpendicular to the force
in the direction of the force
opposite the direction of the force
14) In which of the following situations is no work done on a book?
dropping the book
picking up the book
pushing the book across the desk
carrying the book down the hall
15) In which of the following situations is work done on a rock by a gravitational force?
pushing the rock across the driveway
dropping the rock
picking up the rock
carrying the rock across the yard
16) Which of the following items relates to power but not to work?
distance
time
mass
force
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17) When you throw a ball into the air, mechanical energy at any point is the difference in the
kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy.
True
False
18) As an object falls towards Earth, the gravitational potential energy of the object-Earth
system increases.
True
False
19) The total amount of energy of an isolated, closed system remains constant.
True
False
20) If a tabletop is used as a reference point in a mechanical-energy problem, the gravitational
potential energy for an object on the floor is greater than zero.
True
False
21) Match each item on the left to its corresponding expression.
KE
GPE
1 joule
result of an elastic
collision
1 kg·m²/s²
mgh
0.5mv²
KE after = KE before
22) A 5.000-kg stone is perched near the edge of a cliff 25.00 m high. Using the base of the
cliff as the reference level, the mechanical energy of the system is
J.
23) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
A biker and her bike have a combined mass of 80.0 kg and are traveling at a speed of 3.00
m/s. If the same biker and bike travel twice as fast, their kinetic energy will
by a factor of
.
(Blank 1)
Blank 1 options
increase
decrease
remain the same
(Blank 2)
Blank 2 options
1
2
4
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24) Arrange the following systems from greatest gravitational potential energy to least
gravitational potential energy.
1)
2)
3)
A flower pot-Earth system with a 350-g flower pot sitting on a 1.8-m high shelf.
A flower pot-Earth system with a 620-g flower pot sitting on a 1.0-m high shelf.
A flower pot-Earth system with a 550-g flower pot sitting on a 1.2-m high shelf.
25) A weight trainer lifts a 90.0-kg barbell from a stand 0.90 m high and raises it to a height of
1.75 m. What is the increase in the potential energy of the barbell-Earth system?
J
26) A child having a mass of 35.0 kg is on a sled having a mass of 5.0 kg. If the child and sled
traveling together have a kinetic energy of 260 J from their motion, they must be moving
at a speed of
m/s.
27) During a contest that involved throwing a 7.0-kg bowling ball straight up in the air, one
contestant exerted a force of 810 N on the ball. If the force was exerted through a distance
of 2.0 m, how high did the ball go from the point of release?
m
28) A 25.0-kg shell is shot from a cannon at Earth’s surface. The reference level is Earth’s
surface.
a. What is the shell-Earth system’s gravitational potential energy when the shell’s height is
425 m?
kJ
b. What is the change in the system's potential energy when the shell falls to a height of
225 m?
kJ
29) This is a file upload question and cannot be printed.
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30) In the 1950s an experimental train with a mass of 2.50×104 kg was powered along 509 m
of level track by a jet engine that produced a thrust of 5.00×105 N. Assume friction is
negligible.
a. Find the work done on the train by the jet engine.
×108 J
b. Find the change in kinetic energy.
×108 J
c. Find the final kinetic energy of the train if it started from rest.
×108 J
d. Find the final speed of the train.
m/s
31) Shawn and his bike have a combined mass of 45.0 kg. Shawn rides his bike 1.80 km in
10.0 min at a constant velocity. What is the system's kinetic energy?
J
32) A 10.0-kg test rocket is fired vertically. When the engine stops firing, the rocket’s kinetic
energy is 1960 J. After the fuel is burned, to what additional height will the rocket rise?
m
33) A 36.0-kg child slides down a playground slide that is 2.5 m high, as shown in the image. At
the bottom of the slide, she is moving at 3.0 m/s. How much energy was transformed by
friction as she slid down the slide?
J
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34) A 98.0-N sack of grain is hoisted to a storage room 50.0 m above the ground floor of a
grain elevator.
a. How much work was done?
J
b. What is the increase in potential energy of a system containing the sack of grain and
Earth?
J
c. The rope being used to lift the sack of grain breaks just as the sack reaches the storage
room. What kinetic energy does the sack have just before it strikes the ground floor?
J
35) A 20 kg rock sits on the edge of a cliff that is 100 m high, as shown in the image.
a. What potential energy does the rock-Earth system possess relative to the base of the
cliff?
kJ
b. The rock falls without rolling from the cliff. What is its kinetic energy just before it strikes
the ground?
kJ
c. What is the rock’s speed as it hits the ground?
m/s
36) During a tug-of-war, team A does 2.20×105 J of work in pulling team B 8.00 m. What
average force did team A exert?
N
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37) A student librarian lifts a 2.2-kg book from the floor to a height of 1.25 m. He carries the
book 8.0 m to the stacks and places the book on a shelf that is 0.35 m above the floor. How
much work does he do on the book?
J
38) A 17.0-kg crate is to be pulled a distance of 20.0 m, requiring 1210 J of work to be done on
the crate. The job is done by attaching a rope and pulling with a force of 75.0 N. At what
angle is the rope held?
°
39) A 4.2×103-N piano is wheeled up a 3.5-m ramp at a constant speed. The ramp makes an
angle of 30.0° with the horizontal. Find the work done by a man wheeling the piano up the
ramp.
J
40) An electric motor develops 65 kW of power as it lifts a loaded elevator 17.5 m in 35 s. How
much force does the motor exert?
N
41) Suppose you are pushing a stalled car. As the car gets going, you need less and less force
to keep it going. For the first 15 m, your force decreases at a constant rate from 210.0 N to
40.0 N. How much work did you do on the car?
J
42) A mover loads a 185-kg refrigerator into a moving van by pushing it at a constant speed up
a 10.0-m, friction-free ramp at an angle of inclination of 11°. How much work is done by the
mover on the refrigerator?
J
43) A 0.180-kg ball falls 2.5 m. How much work does the force of gravity do on the ball?
J
44) A forklift raises a box 1.2 m and does 7.0 kJ of work on it. What is the mass of the box?
kg
45) Mary weighs 505 N. She walks down a 5.50-m-high flight of stairs. What is the change in
the potential energy of the Mary-Earth system?
kJ
46) A science museum display about energy has a small engine that pulls on a rope to lift a
block 1.00 m. The display indicates that 1.00 J of work is done. What is the mass of the
block?
kg
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