REVIEWER IN INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON.
FREEDOM- ability to make choices and perform actions, and is intrinsic and essential property of the
human person
MORAL FREEDOM- freedom of choice, wherein the person is free to perform actions that he or she
considers right and wise
DEATH- the separation of the soul and the body. The end of bodily function which signals the end of
person’s life.
SUFFERING - patiently endure unpleasantness, discomfort, and pain
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU - social theorist that advocates the concept of “general will”
SOCIAL CONTRACT- agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to
higher authority
JOHN Locke's social contract theory says: government was created through the consent of the people to
be ruled by the majority,
RESPONSIBILITY- person being accountable for his or her actions and their consequences
ALIENATION- being isolated from a group or an activity to which one should belong or in which one
should be involved
EMPATHY -willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another
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ability to share emotions, it enables us to experience another person’s emotion such as
happiness, anger, and sadness
ETHICS OF CARE- ethical theory that emphasizes the moral dimension of relationships and
interactions.
DIALOGUE- deeper and more genuine interaction and this is made possible when the self realizes that
the other is a genuine and unique individual.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
and the other
- mutual recognition of each other as persons or the interaction between the self
SOCIETY- an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a common territory
and culture.
SELF-DETERMINATION- capacity to choose and act for oneself
Kinds of Good
1.Noble good is one which is pursued for its own sake, example is love and friendship.
2.Useful good is found only from what it can provide, example, money is good as it can buy you
something.
3.Pleasurable good is good so long as it provides some form of pleasure, though it does not have to be
physical. Whatever the source of our happiness right now, let us see to it that itis real and meaningful.
“You only live once” (YOLO) is a modern version of the Latin phrase Carpe diem, meaning “Seize the day.”
Since you only live once, you need to live life to the fullest, even when that means embracing adverse
behavioral choices that carry an inherent risk.
Hunting-Gathering society
-hunting animals, fishing, and gathering plants.
-Earliest from of human society
-Smallest size(family bands)
-Most time spend looking for food
-Very nomadic
-Very low developed division of labor
PASTORAL SOCIETY
-Domesticating animals allows for a more manageable food supply than do hunting and gathering
Horticultural society
-Villages( less than a hundred inhabitants to several hundred)
-Domestication of plants and animals
-Semi-nomadic
-Food production is a major social effort
-Division of labor evolves especially by gender
-Religious and military leader roles
Agrarian society
-Developed large-scale agriculture
-Large societies with large cities
-Multiethnic society
-Large division of labor
-Farming technology roles (government, religion, business, etc.)
-Peasants are the largest class (50 % or more of population)
Feudal societies - based on ownership of land.
-Unlike today's farmers, vassals under feudalism were bound to cultivating their lord's land.
-In exchange for military protection, the lords exploited the peasants into providing food, crops, crafts,
homage, and other services to the owner of the land.
-The caste system of feudalism was often multigenerational; the families of peasants may have cultivated
their lord's land for generations.
-Capitalism is marked by open competition in a free market, in which the means of production are
privately owned. Europe's exploration of the Americas served as one impetus for the development of
capitalism. The introduction of foreign metals, silks, and spices stimulated great commercial activity in
Europe.
Industrial society
-Most developed form of human society
-Nation-states
-Mega populations (metropolis)
-Advanced technology in many fields
-Less than 10% of population is involved in food production
-Very detailed division of labor (gender roles remain)
-Enormous capacity to destroy other societies