ANNEX A
2001-71
% Table A.5.5.1(j) HFC-227ea Total Flooding Quantity (SI Units)a
Temp(t)
(°C)c
−10
−5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Weight Requirements of Hazard Volume, W/V (kg/m3) b
Specific
Vapor
Volume(s)
(m3/kg)d
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0.1215
0.1241
0.1268
0.1294
0.1320
0.1347
0.1373
0.1399
0.1425
0.1450
0.1476
0.1502
0.1527
0.1553
0.1578
0.1604
0.1629
0.1654
0.1679
0.1704
0.1730
0.5254
0.5142
0.5034
0.4932
0.4834
0.4740
0.4650
0.4564
0.4481
0.4401
0.4324
0.4250
0.4180
0.4111
0.4045
0.3980
0.3919
0.3859
0.3801
0.3745
0.3690
0.6196
0.6064
0.5936
0.5816
0.5700
0.5589
0.5483
0.5382
0.5284
0.5190
0.5099
0.5012
0.4929
0.4847
0.4770
0.4694
0.4621
0.4550
0.4482
0.4416
0.4351
0.7158
0.7005
0.6858
0.6719
0.6585
0.6457
0.6335
0.6217
0.6104
0.5996
0.5891
0.5790
0.5694
0.5600
0.5510
0.5423
0.5338
0.5257
0.5178
0.5102
0.5027
0.8142
0.7987
0.7800
0.7642
0.7490
0.7344
0.7205
0.7071
0.6943
0.6819
0.6701
0.6586
0.6476
0.6369
0.6267
0.6167
0.6072
0.5979
0.5890
0.5803
0.5717
0.9147
0.8951
0.8763
0.8586
0.8414
0.8251
0.8094
0.7944
0.7800
0.7661
0.7528
0.7399
0.7276
0.7156
0.7041
0.6929
0.6821
0.6717
0.6617
0.6519
0.6423
1.0174
0.9957
0.9748
0.9550
0.9360
0.9178
0.9004
0.8837
0.8676
0.8522
0.8374
0.8230
0.8093
0.7960
0.7832
0.7707
0.7588
0.7471
0.7360
0.7251
0.7145
1.1225
1.0985
1.0755
1.0537
1.0327
1.0126
0.9934
0.9750
0.9573
0.9402
0.9230
0.9080
0.8929
0.8782
0.8641
0.8504
0.8371
0.8243
0.8120
0.8000
0.7883
1.2301
1.2038
1.1785
1.1546
1.1316
1.1096
1.0886
1.0684
1.0490
1.0303
1.0124
0.9950
0.9784
0.9623
0.9469
0.9318
0.9173
0.9033
0.8898
0.8767
0.8638
1.3401
1.3114
1.2839
1.2579
1.2328
1.2089
1.1859
1.1640
1.1428
1.1224
1.1029
1.0840
1.0660
1.0484
1.0316
1.0152
0.9994
0.9841
0.9694
0.9551
0.9411
1.4527
1.4216
1.3918
1.3636
1.3264
1.3105
1.2856
1.2618
1.2388
1.2168
1.1956
1.1751
1.1555
1.1365
1.1183
1.1005
1.0834
1.0668
1.0509
1.0354
1.0202
Design Concentration (% per Volume)e
a
The manufacturer’s listing specifies the temperature range for operation.
W/V [agent weight requirements (kg/m3)] = kilograms of agent per cubic meter of protected volume to produce indicated concentration at
temperature specified.
b
W =
V⎛ C ⎞
⎜
⎟
s ⎝ 100 − C ⎠
t [temperature (°C)] = design temperature in the hazard area.
s [specific volume (m3/kg)] = specific volume of HFC-227ea vapor can be approximated by s = 0.1269 + 0.0005t, where t = temperature (°C).
e
C [concentration (%)] = volumetric concentration of HFC-227ea in air at the temperature indicated.
c
d
determining the amount of decomposition products formed.
The smaller the fire, the less energy (heat) is available to cause
thermal decomposition of the suppression agent, and hence
the lower the concentration of thermal decomposition prod‐
ucts. The size of the fire at the time of system activation is
dependent upon the fire growth rate, the detector sensitivity,
and the system discharge delay time. The first factor is primar‐
ily a function of the fuel type and geometry, whereas the latter
two are adjustable characteristics of the fire protection system.
The discharge time affects the production of thermal decom‐
position products, because it determines the exposure time to
the fire of sub-extinguishing concentrations of the fire suppres‐
sion agent. Suppression systems have traditionally employed a
combination of rapid detection and rapid discharge to limit
both the production of thermal decomposition products and
damage to assets by providing rapid flame extinguishment.
The enclosure volume also affects the concentration of ther‐
mal decomposition products, since larger volumes, that is,
smaller fire-size-to-room-volume ratios, will lead to dilution of
decomposition products. Additional factors affecting the
concentration of thermal decomposition products include
vaporization and mixing of the agent, the pre-burn time, the
presence of hot surfaces or deep-seated fires, and the suppres‐
sion agent concentration.
Shaded text = Revisions.
EDUFIRE.IR
This decomposition issue is not unique to the new clean
halogenated agents. The thermal decomposition products
resulting from the extinguishment of fires with Halon 1301
have been investigated by numerous authors (e.g., Ford, 1972,
and Cholin, 1972), and it is well established that the most
important Halon 1301 thermal decomposition products from
the standpoint of potential toxicity to humans or potential
corrosion of electronic equipment are the halogen acids HF
and HBr. Concentrations of acid halides produced from Halon
1301 ranging from a few parts per million to over 7000 ppm HF
and HBr have been reported, depending upon the exact
nature of the fire scenario (Sheinson et al., 1981). Smaller
amounts of additional decomposition products can be
produced, depending upon the particular conditions of the
fire. Under certain conditions, thermal decomposition of
Halon 1301 in a fire has been reported to produce small
amounts of carbonyl fluoride (COF2), carbonyl bromide
(COBr2), and bromine (Br2), in addition to relatively large
amounts of HF and HBr. Note that all of these products are
subject to relatively rapid hydrolysis to form the acid halides HF
and HBr (Cotton and Wilkinson, 1980), and hence these acids
constitute the product of primary concern from the standpoint
of potential toxicity or corrosion.
%= Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions.
N = New material.
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ANNEX A
2001-87
% Table A.5.5.2(h) IG-55 Total Flooding Quantity (SI Units)a
Temp (t)
(°C)c
−40
−35
−30
−25
−20
−15
−10
−5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Volume Requirements of Agent per Unit Volume of Hazard (Vagent/Venclosure)b
Specific
Vapor
Volume (s)
(m3/kg)d
34
38
42
46
50
54
58
62
0.56317
0.56324
0.58732
0.59940
0.61148
0.62355
0.63563
0.64771
0.65979
0.67186
0.68394
0.69602
0.70810
0.72017
0.73225
0.74433
0.75641
0.76848
0.78056
0.79264
0.80471
0.81679
0.82887
0.84095
0.85302
0.86510
0.87718
0.88926
0.90133
0.524
0.513
0.503
0.493
0.483
0.474
0.465
0.456
0.448
0.440
0.432
0.424
0.417
0.410
0.403
0.397
0.390
0.384
0.378
0.373
0.367
0.362
0.356
0.351
0.346
0.341
0.337
0.332
0.328
0.603
0.591
0.579
0.567
0.556
0.545
0.535
0.525
0.515
0.506
0.497
0.488
0.480
0.472
0.464
0.456
0.449
0.442
0.435
0.429
0.422
0.416
0.410
0.404
0.398
0.393
0.387
0.382
0.377
0.688
0.673
0.659
0.646
0.633
0.621
0.609
0.598
0.587
0.576
0.566
0.556
0.547
0.538
0.529
0.520
0.512
0.504
0.496
0.488
0.481
0.474
0.467
0.460
0.454
0.448
0.441
0.435
0.430
0.778
0.761
0.746
0.731
0.716
0.702
0.689
0.676
0.664
0.652
0.640
0.629
0.619
0.608
0.598
0.588
0.579
0.570
0.561
0.553
0.544
0.536
0.528
0.521
0.513
0.506
0.499
0.493
0.486
0.875
0.856
0.839
0.822
0.806
0.790
0.775
0.761
0.747
0.733
0.720
0.708
0.696
0.684
0.673
0.662
0.651
0.641
0.631
0.622
0.612
0.603
0.594
0.586
0.578
0.569
0.562
0.554
0.547
0.980
0.959
0.940
0.921
0.903
0.885
0.868
0.852
0.837
0.822
0.807
0.793
0.779
0.766
0.754
0.742
0.730
0.718
0.707
0.696
0.686
0.676
0.666
0.656
0.647
0.638
0.629
0.621
0.612
1.095
1.072
1.050
1.029
1.008
0.989
0.970
0.952
0.935
0.918
0.902
0.886
0.871
0.856
0.842
0.828
0.815
0.802
0.790
0.778
0.766
0.755
0.744
0.733
0.723
0.713
0.703
0.693
0.684
1.221
1.196
1.171
1.147
1.125
1.103
1.082
1.062
1.042
1.024
1.006
0.988
0.971
0.955
0.939
0.924
0.909
0.895
0.881
0.868
0.855
0.842
0.830
0.818
0.806
0.795
0.784
0.773
0.763
Design Concentration (% by Volume)e
a
The manufacturer’s listing specifies the temperature range for operation.
X [agent volume requirements (m3 /m3) = volume of agent required per cubic meter of protected volume to produce indicated concentration at
temperature specified.
b
%
⎛ 100 ⎞
⎛ s0 ⎞
⎛s ⎞
⎛ 100 ⎞
X = 2.303 × ⎜ 0 ⎟ × log10 ⎜
⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ × ln ⎜
⎟
⎝s ⎠
⎝ 100 − C ⎠
⎝s ⎠
⎝ 100 − C ⎠
where:
s0 [specific volume (m3/kg)] = specific volume of inert gas agent at 21°C and 1.013 bar absolute
c
t [temperature (°C)] = design temperature in the hazard area.
d
s [specific volume (m3/kg)] = specific volume of IG-55 vapor can be approximated by s = 0.6598 + 0.00242t, where t = temperature (°C).
e
C [concentration (%)] = volumetric concentration of IG-55 in air at the temperature indicated.
Shaded text = Revisions.
EDUFIRE.IR
%= Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions.
N = New material.
2018 Edition
Telegram EDUFIRE_IR