Group-2
Aomong-200310703
Kisuiyile2003107011
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Levels
3. Causes
4. Signs and symptoms
5. Treatments.
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DSM-5 classified autism as a
neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Difficulty with communication and
interaction with other people
Restricted interests and repetitive
behaviors
Symptoms that hurt the person’s ability
to function properly in school, work,
and other areas of life
Some autistic people also have
intellectual disabilities, Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) and/or learning difficulties.
Others have mental health issues,
mostly commonly anxiety and
depression.
Across the CDC surveillance sites,
an average of 1 in every 44 (2.3%)
8-year-old children were estimated
to have ASD in 2018.
ASD is 4.2 times as prevalent
among boys (3.7%) as among girls
(0.9%).
Level of Autism
DSM IV
1. DSM IV is the fourth version of
diagnostic statistical manual of
mental disorders,
2. Criteria includes stereotyped
repetitive motor movements,
ritualized patterns or non-verbal
movements, insistence on
sameness, and hyper or hypo
activity.
3. DSM IV autism appear at early
development
DSM V
1. DSM V is the fifth version of
diagnostic statistical manual of
autism disorders.
2. criteria include encompassing
preoccupation, apparent inflexible
adherence, repetitive motor
movements, and persistent
preoccupation.
3. DSM V autism appear prior to age
3 in humans
Signs and Symptoms of ASD
Interventions and Treatments
Goal of treatment - to maximize the child's ability to function by reducing autism
spectrum disorder symptoms and supporting development and learning.
Approaches to help people with Autism Spectrum Disorder:
1. Behavioral Approach: widely accepted among educators and healthcare
professionals.
● Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
● Two ABA teaching styles are Discrete Trial Training (DTT); step-by-step
instructions
● Pivotal Response Training (PRT); natural setting;to improve a few “pivotal skills”
2. Developmental Approaches: focus on improving specific developmental skills.
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Speech and Language Therapy.
Occupational Therapy.
Sensory Integration Therapy.
Physical Therapy.
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM):used with children 12-48 months of age.
3. Educational Approach: given in a classroom setting.
● Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication-Handicapped
Children (TEACCH) approach.
3. Social-Relational Approaches:focus on improving social skills and building
emotional bonds.
● Floor time: It is centered on building relationships with your autistic child by
getting down on the floor with them and playing.
● The Relationship Development Intervention (RDI).
● Social Stories.
● Social Skills Groups.
4. Pharmacological Approaches: treat co-occurring symptoms.
5. Psychological Approaches: can help people with ASD cope with anxiety,
depression, and other mental health issues.
6. Family therapies: Parents and family plays an important role.
Conclusion
● Characterised by difficulties with the social aspects of communication, and
repetitive and restricted interests and behaviours
● commonly also have language difficulties,.
● DSM–5 now lists three different levels of ASD according to the amount of
support an individual requires.
● Numerous therapies and behavioral interventions can help improve the
specific challenges that autistic people face.
● Treatment is likely to be most effective when it is individualized
● it is therefore important to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the
child’s developmental status.
● Additional services can help improve health and daily functioning, and facilitate
social and community engagement. For eg; vocational training, job coaching,
and interventions to improve social and behavioral adjustment are crucial to
support independence in living and working in community settings.
References
● https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd
● https://uihc.org/childrens/health-topics/interventions-autism-spectrumdisorders-asd
● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrumdisorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352934
● https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/treatment.html
● https://www.altogetherautism.org.nz/strengths-and-abilities-in-autism/
● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrumdisorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928