NAMUAC ACADEMY
Name of Learner:
Subject: ENGLISH 8
Quarter: FIRST
Module: 2
Topic: CITING SOURCES
Subject Teacher: Ms. Mariel B. Buduan
Learning Competency: Use conventions in citing sources EN8SS-IIIg-1.6.4
Expectations:
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. Identify the different styles in writing sources.
b. Explain the value of giving proper citations.
________________________________________________________________________
Pre-test
Directions. Answer the following questions. Carefully read and analyze each questions.
1. Why should I cite my references?
a. To observe ethics. It is unethical and unfair to use or copy someone else’s words
and/or ideas as if they were your own.
b. To tell your audience that you have researched your topic and that you are reliable
as a writer.
c. To avoid plagiarism or academic dishonesty.
2. When should I cite the material?
a. There’s no need to document items that are common knowledge. If you are
unsure if something is common knowledge, support the material with a source.
b. Document or support any material that indicates an opinion or an interpretation.
3. When should I quote (“”) directly?
a. Quote important statements.
b. Quote if you want to show the authority of the speaker as a recognized expert in
the field.
c. Quote when paraphrasing (or restating in your own words)
4. Which sources should I use?
Use sources by trustworthy and recognized authors, experts in the field, and
eyewitnesses.
a. Articles without authors can be reliable sources if there is clearly a legitimate
group taking responsibility for the material (such as a medical board)
b. Use books if they are properly documented throughout.
c. Use journals and other periodicals that are peer-reviewed or approved by experts
other than the author before they are printed.
d. Use materials from the internet but be more careful when using this kind of source
when using others.
Overview of the Lesson
In most high school subjects, you do lot of research work. At times, you will be asked
to write research papers as writing assignments. Note that in any kind of research paper,
you must use proper documentation to identify the material drawn from your readings.
In this module, we will study how use proper documentations and citing your sources.
Documentation is a basic requirement of research writing to ensure that you give proper
credit to sources of information and would not pass off someone else’s work as your own.
Citing your sources is very important because failure to do so is considered plagiarism, a
serious breach of academic honestly.
Lesson proper
Citing a source means that you show, within the body of your text, that you took
words, ideas, figures, images, etc. from other place.
Citations are a short way to uniquely identify a published work (e.g. book, article, chapter,
web site). They are found in bibliographies and references lists and are also collected in
article and book databases.
Citations consists of standard elements, and contain all the information necessary
to identify and track down publications including:
 Author’s name
 Titles of books, articles and journals
 Date of publication
 Page numbers
 Volume and issue numbers (for articles)
Citations may look different, depending on what is being cited and which style was used to
create them. Choose and appropriate style guide for your needs.
Common Documentation Styles:
 MLA( Modern Language Association)
~ It is the standard format for papers, articles, and books in the arts
and humanities.
MLA GUIDELINES
1. The author or a shortened version of the title (if there is no author) appears first
in parenthetical citation, followed by a page number, if there is one.
Example: Women from poorer countries, on the other hand, are willing to wed even
working-class men in richer nations, because they “offer hope of a better life’. (Hai, 47)
2. If you are using more than one source by the same author, you will need to include
both author’s name and the short title.
Example: As the dragon ran towards the coast, its flailing tail gouged out valleys and
crevasses; as it plunged into the sea, the areas dug up by the tail became filled with water,
leaving only bits high land visible. (Hai and Jung, The Lonely Planet, 47)
3. Parenthetical Citation – this method involves placing related source information in
parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. Any source of information provided in
text must watch with the source information listed on the works cited page.
4. Works Cited Page-This is the name that MLA gives to a bibliography. It is a listing
of all the sources you cited in the body of your paper.
Examples:
Book: Montano, Kathalain. How to Direct Action Films. Manila: New Day Eve
Publishing. 2015.Print.
Anthology: Salos, Henry. “Promoters and Advocates.” Rex Book of Travel
Testimonies. Ed Gian Francisco. Rex Publishing. 2006. 35-327. Print
Encyclopedia: Santos, Gay. “Filipino Languages.” The New Encyclopedia
Britannica: Macropedia12th ed. 2007. Print
Magazine Articles: Dela Cruz, Fred. “Hachiko.” Japan News and World Report. 20
March 2013:55. Print
Newspaper: Godinez, Chris. ”Japan Needs Filipino Soldiers.” Bulletin Today. 22
Jan. 2011: A7. Print
Online Sources: (Entire Website): Mercado, Pablo, ed. Internet Primitive History
Sourcebooks. Fernandez U, 17 Dec 1987. Web. Jan 2015
: Mejia, Susan Maye, The Life of Martin King. Susan
Maye Mejia, 2005. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
http://www.susanlmaremejia.com/index_files/martinking.htm.

APA (American Psychological Association) – it is the style used by teachers in
business and the social sciences.
APA Format Guidelines
1. In a parenthetical citation, the author or shortened title (if there is no author)
appear first, followed by the year, and the page number, if there is any.
Whatever outward appeal it might have, total independence is undesirable, unrealistic.
Not one person on earth can do everything or know everything. Just as we are
dependent on air, sun, food, water for life, so too, we need other persons and what
they can do for us if we are to benefit from life and to enjoy it. (Choosing, 1979, p1.)
2. If you are using more than one source by the same author published in the same
year, add a letter after the year to identify the source. The source will use the same
letter on your References page.
Whatever outward appeal it might have, total independence is undesirable unrealistic. No
one person on earth can do everything or know everything. (Choosing, 1979a, p.1)
Quotation Guidelines
1. Always introduce the quotation with your own words. Introduce the author before
the quotation. In this style, the sentence will always support the previous sentence
in your paper.
2. Direct quotations from sources must enclosed with quotation marks.


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MLA
According to Hai, “The members of the Provisional Government, representing the
whole Vietnamese people… “(321)
Hai thinks to himself, “ I will initiate…” (Tan 161).
APA
According to Hai (2005), “The members of the Provisional Government,
representing the whole Vietnamese people…”(p, 321)
Hai thinks to himself, “I will initiate…” (Tan, 2016, p. 161)
3. For every long (three or more line) quotations, start on the next line. Indent and
right margins and write in single space. Don not use quotation marks anymore.
In his book, “Freedom” (2012) Franz declared:
“When I first started working for my employers, they subjected my honesty to
a series of tests without my knowledge. As I later came to know, I passed. As a result, I
have been entrusted with more responsibility and freedom and the owners have
rewarded for my honesty…. “(p.157)
4. Follow every quotation with a note in parentheses that, for print sources (whether
hard copy or electronic copy), give the last name of the author and the age number,
separated by a comma.
“The members of the Provisional Government, representing the whole Vietnamese
people…” (Cau, 122.)
5. Use a short form of the title of the article, journal, or book if there is no author.
6. For interviews and personal communications, give the name of the person
interviewed or from whom the communication was received.
“We set limits, but we also granted freedoms, gradually. The better our children
handled those freedoms, gradually. The better our children handled those
freedoms, the more they received.” (Franz, interview, 23 August 2016)
7. For sources taken from a web page, cite the URL in brackets and the date when
you accessed the web page.
“All religions have a constitutional right to freedom of worship, so the government
has a moral obligation not to discriminate in religious matter.”
(< http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/index.html > 20 Aug. 2016)
What to cite:
 Facts, figures, ideas or other information that is not common knowledge
 Ideas, words, theories, or exact language that another person used on other
publications.
 Publications that must be cited include: books, book chapters, articles, web pages,
theses, etc.
 Another person’s exact words should be quoted and cited to show proper credit.
What you will do (Activities)
I.
Complete the following information and used the written sources below:
1. Book: Cornish, Edward. Futuring: The Explosion of the Future. Bethesda, Maryland:
World Future Society, 2004. Print
Author:
Title:
City of Publication:
Publisher:
Date:
2. Encyclopedia Article: Stubben, Jerry. “Native Americans and Government Policy.”
Social Issues in America; An Enyclopedia. 5 ed. 2006. Print
Author:
Article Title:
Editor Title:
Date:
Volume:
3. Magazine Article: Wong Ulrich, Carmen. “Stop Stressing Over Money-Now! “Health
Apr. 2006. 126-128. Print
Author:
Article:
Magazine Title:
Date:
Pages:
4. Website: “Children’s Alliance: Childs Obesity. “Children’s Alliance. N.p., n.d Web 5
Nov. 2012 www.childrensalliance.org/childfacts/childhood-obesity.cfm
Title of the Page:
Title of the Site:
Date of Access:
URL:
Summary


Citations are a short way to uniquely identify a published work (e.g. book,
article, chapter, web site).
There are two common documentation style when it comes to citation:
1. MLA- Modern Language Association
2. APA- American Psychological Association
Valuing
Write at least 1 paragraph, why is it important to cite your references?
Post-Test
Directions: Read each given works cited format and identify whether it is from a
book, internet article 0r magazine article.
1. Kinney, Jeff. Diary of a Wimpy Kid. New York: Amulet Books, 2007
2. Dawe, James. Jane Austen page. “ Jane Austen Website. 14 March, 2004.
< www.boston.com/bigpicture>
3. Jenkins, Lee. “True Blue”. Sports Illustrated. August 4, 2014: 50-53
4. Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987, Print.
5. Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The Internet Classics Archive. Web Atomic
and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept, 2007. Web. 4 Nov 20008.
< https://classics.mit.edu/>
6. Look at this reference. What kind of material is being referenced below?
Tiziani, A. (2013). Harvard’s nursing guide to drugs (9th ed.). Chastwood,
Australia: Elsievier Australis.
a. Web page
b. Book chapter
c. Book
d. Journal
7. Schirm, V. (2013). Quality of life. In I. M Lubkin & P.D Larsen (Eds.) Chronic Illness:
impact and interventions (8th ed., pp. 183-206) Burlington, MA Jones & Bartlett
Learning.
a. Book chapter
b. Book
c. Web page
d. Journal Article
8. Better Health Channel. (2012). Body image and diets. Retrieved form
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gob.au/bhcv2/bhcartcles.nsf/pages/Body_image_and_di
ets?open
a. Web page
b. Book chapter
c. Journal article
d. Book
CONGRATULATIONS! You Made It!!