SCIENCE • Leeuwenhoek invents compound microscope “Father of Biology” discovered plant cells discovered animal cells coined the name "cell" discovered nucleus true discoverer of DNA structured the model of DNA “Father of Evolution” “Father of Genetics” “Father of Taxonomy” • Schleiden • Schwann • Hooke • Brown • Franklin • Watson and Crick • Charles Darwin • Gregor Mendel • Carolus Linnaeus NUCLEIC ACID Components: ✓ Phosphate same DNA/RNA ✓ Sugar DNA loss 1 oxygen RNA complete oxygen ✓ Nitrogenous bases DNA thymine adenine RNA uracil adenine cytosine guanine Sun Chloroplast Chlorophyll ultimate source of energy site of photosynthesis true responsible for photosynthesis LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION • Atom • Molecule • Organelle • Cell • Tissue • Organ • System • Organism • Population • Community • Ecosystem • Biome • Biosphere basic unit of matter, smallest non-living material basic unit of life, smallest living material blood (liquid tissue) combined living things combined living and non-living things aquatic or terrestrial CELL Parts of Cell 1. Nucleus - control center • nucleolus - ribosomes • nuclear pore - pathway • nucleoplasm 2. Cytoplasm • organelles - solid part ✓ mitochondria - power house of the cell, produces ATP ✓ plastid - container ➢ leucoplast - colorless, carries fats and oils ➢ chromoplast - all colors except green chloroplast - green ✓ endoplasmic reticulum ➢ smooth ER - lipids (without ribosome) ➢ rough ER - proteins (with ribosome) • cytosol - jelly-like structure 3. Cell Membrane/Plasmalemma • phospholipid bilayer ✓ hydrophilic - phosphate head (carbohydrates) ✓ hydrophobic - fatty acids (lipids) ➢ REPRODUCTION • Sexual Production • Asexual Production ✓ Budding ✓ Regeneration ✓ Fragmentation ✓ Vegetative ✓ Binary Fission fertilization, diversity genetically identical outgrowth (yeast, hydra) (starfish, lizards) (planaria) plants (marcotting, grafting) (bacteria) CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm, produces pyruvic acid (2 ATP) • Kreb Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) occurs in matrix of mitochondria, produces CO2 (2 ATP) • Electronic Transport Chain chemiosmosis, produces 34 ATP METABOLISM • Catabolic break down → energy released → loss of dry mass Cellular Respiration • Anabolic build-up → energy stored → gain of dry mass Photosynthesis Producer Consumer Decomposers autotroph heterotroph chemical recyclers ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP • Mutualism both organism benefit • one benefits | one no harm, benefit, or no effect Commensalism • Parasitism one benefits | one harm • Competition ✓ ✓ both organisms are harmed Intraspecific (self) same species Interspecific (other) different species • Predation one benefits | one harm (act of killing) • Grazing one benefits | one harm (no killing) Mosquitoes Mollusk aedes egypti (dengue) anopheles (malaria) mussels, scallops, oysters Dinoflagellates red-orange protists, causes red tide Greenhouse Gas natural thermal blanket ✓ Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N20) SOLAR SYSTEM • Heliocentric Model ✓ the sun is the center ✓ Nicolaus Copernicus • Geocentric Model ✓ the earth is the center ✓ Ptolemy Revolution Rotation around the sun, around the orbit Mercury- fastest revolution around itself, around the axis Jupiter- fastest rotation STORMS • Cyclone • Hurricane • Typhoon Indian Sea Atlantic Sea Pacific Sea LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE • • • • • Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere weather ozone layer meteors lights and satellites electrons were ionized SOLAR SYSTEM • • • • • • • • Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune smallest, most cratered, fastest revolution hottest, Morning Star and Evening Star oblate spheroid, surface of 71% water tallest mountain "Olympus mons" largest, The Great Red Spot, Gallilean moons complex system of icy rings first planet discovered by telescope, sideways rotation first planet located through mathematical calculations HEAT TRANSFER • Conduction • Convection • Radiation direct contact (solid to solid) liquid or gas through molecular motion rays or waves of electromagnetic particles
