FACILITATING LEARNING
“What I hear, I forget. What I see, I remember. What I do, I understand.” This means that pupils
learn best when they: Take active part in the teaching-learning process
"You may bring the horse to the water but if it does not like to drink, it will not do so." This saying is
explained by what similar situation?
There are many books in Lisa's home but she prefers playing games than reading books.
Science Teacher Iah showed her class a glass of water with an egg in it. She asked the class: “What
happens to the egg if I add three tablespoon salt to the glass of water?” This is hypothesis
formulation. What can you infer about the cognitive developmental stage of Teacher Iah’s class?
Formal operational stage
When a child is often left crying for a long time, he/she will soon develop ____among people
around him. mistrust
Which of the following virtues is the capacity for action despite a clear understanding of one’s
limitations and past failures common to 3-6-year-old children? Courage
Teachers who promote psychosocial development in the classroom create an environment where
each child feels appreciated and is comfortable with learning new things and building relationships
with peers without fear. How does the teacher create this environment?
Incorporates life skills in lessons to increase confidence and self-sufficiency
Gives continuous feedback on work that has been completed to eliminate uncertainty
Provides considerable free experiments to encourage development of independence
Provides physical and academic activities that develop diligence and self- confidence
I, II, III and IV
Children learn to be self-sufficient in many activities such as toilet training, walking, and exploring. If
restrained too much they learn to doubt their abilities and feel humiliated. Autonomy vs. shame and
doubt
To involve the students, teacher Berna come up with a provocative statement. Which statement did
teacher Berna most likely use? The millennial is a lost generation.
Middle-aged adults feel they are helping the next generation through their work and child rearing, or
they idle because they feel that they are not helping.
Generativity vs. stagnation
Teachers often complain of numerous non-teaching assignments that adversely affect their teaching.
Does this mean that teachers must be preoccupied only with teaching?
Yes, if they are given other assignments justice demands that they be properly compensated.
Erickson was influenced by Sigmund Freud and came up with a theory which serves as basis for
analyzing personality and development to help facilitate the teachers’ understanding of various
environmental factors that affect own behavior and of his/her students as well. This theory came to
be known as______. psycho-social
You have to remember the steps in opening a computer if you want to do it your own. In what level
of processing is remembering the steps? Retrieval
He is considered to be the Founder of Behavior Psychology. Thorndike
He believed that learning is a habit formation and that teaching is arranging the classroom to
enhance desirable connections and associations .Thorndike
Teachers are very much aware of the need for motivation before discussing the main lesson. This is
anchored on which of Thorndike’s laws of learning?
Law of Readiness
This person became famous because of his experiments with dogs which showed that a desired
response can be elicited when paired repeatedly with a stimulus.
Pavlov
Which of the following statements gives the real value of lesson-planning?
It helps the teacher to be orderly.
It helps the teacher recall the subject matter previously taken.
It helps the teacher organize his activities.
I, II and III
Whenever a person thinks of a green mango with “bagoong” that person automatically salivates.
What do you call the salivation? conditioned stimulus
The mango (in the previous question) serves as_____? conditioned stimulus
Focusing on natural consequences of students’ behaviour develop more self-regulation in the
students. Which of the following teacher statements demonstrates focusing on natural
consequences?
“If it takes you longer to finish the seatwork because time is wasted with chatting, then we won’t
have time to go to the playground anymore.”
This is a major theory of learning which deals with S-R and reinforcers. phenomenological theory
Who is famous for saying, "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified
world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any
type of specialist I might select -- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man
and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his
ancestors.” Watson
Nittan always waits at his neighbor Rafael every morning. He enjoyed seeing him while biking and
imitates the actions of Rafael while he rides his own bike. Who is the proponent of the Social
learning theory which applies in this example? Bandura
In John Watson’s famous experiment, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, but he also
demonstrated a fear of other furry, white objects. This is an example of: stimulus generalization
Which of the following is true of learning? Learning involves a change in behaviour
The sudden reappearance of a response after a period of extinction is called: spontaneous recovery
While Ivan Pavlov is famous for his contributions to psychology, he was actually a: physiologist
Which of the following activities is founded on Albert Bandura’s social learning theory?
teaching by interaction
Before a reader could read the WORD, he/she must learn to read the WORLD first. What does this
imply?
Words are only representations of the concepts that the child or reader knows before encountering
the print.
A child who can solve abstract problems in logical fashion is in the _____ stage
Formal
In order to gain basic understanding of the environment, the individual uses exploration thru motor
capabilities. This is seen in___
Sensorimotor
The Piagetian stage characterized by the ability to use symbols and words to think, intuitive
problem-solving, but thinking limited by rigidity, centration, and egocentrism. Sensorimotor
During the first day of school, crying children are a common sight especially in the pre-school
department. What explains this?
Separation anxiety
Piagetian stage characterized by the development of logical operations for seriation, classification,
and conservation. Thinking is tied to real events and objects. Concrete Operations
Piagetian stage characterized by the development of abstract systems of thought that allow them to
use propositional logic, scientific reasoning, and proportional reasoning. Formal operations
A two-year and six-month-old may reason that the car was hurt because it was damaged in an
accident. animism
A Swiss scholar who studied children’s intellectual development
Jean Piaget
A three-year-old could not work back through a problem or outcome to find a cause.
irreversible thinking
This is the area that represents a learning opportunity where a knowledgeable adult such as a
teacher or parent or a more advanced peer can assist the child’s development.
zone of actual development
This is the support or assistance that lets the child accomplish a task he cannot accomplish
independently. scaffolding
Mr. Flores always gives clues, example, and any form of encouragement to make his students to
grow as independent learner. scaffolding
This is referred to by Vygotsky as the difference between what an individual can learn unassisted
and the learning that could be achieved with support from a more knowledgeable person.zone of
proximal development
Teacher H begins a lesson on tumbling by demonstrating front and back somersaults in slow motion
and physically guiding his students through the correct movements. As his students become more
skillful, he stands back from the mat and gives verbal feedback about how to improve. With
Vygotsky’s theory in mind, what did teacher H do?
Scaffolding
Which teaching practice gives primary consideration to individual differences?
Allowing children to show that they learned the stages of mitosis in a way where they feel most
comfortable.
Teacher X asked her students to describe how their families celebrate holidays. Student can
discover that people celebrate holidays differently. Which principle on cognitive development
governs Teacher X’s teaching activity? Social interaction is essential for cognitive development.
One learns Math by building on Math lessons previously learned. This is an application of the
____________ theory.
S-R
Vygotsky claimed that social interaction is important for learning. What does this imply? Children
learn from adults and other children.
Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs must be met before any other level can be fulfilled?
Physiological
A child needing to feel accepted in peer groups is an example of what level of Maslow's hierarchy of
needs?Love/ Belonging
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs has 5 different levels. Which answer below is not one of the 5 levels of
needs? Biological
A child learns the word FRUITS before she can name guava, mango, apple, and orange because
development: ________
proceeds from general to specific
This is one of Bronfenbrenner’s four social levels or systems which has an indirect impact on the
child’s development because of the connection with the family unit.
exosystem
Which one is an application of the principle “Learning is an active process”?
Let students learn the steps in opening a computer by making them follow the steps.
Jane, a 4 year old, interacts with her parents and little brother. Her school regular interactions are
with her kindergarten teacher and her classmates. Which Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological system
theory does the situation of Jane exemplify?Macrosystem
Dona’s parents take an active role in her school activities such as attending parent/teacher
conferences and volunteering in her classroom. Which Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological system theory
level does the situation of Dona exemplify? Mesosystem
How is the round table conference different from the symposium?
Round table conference allows only the leader to talk while symposium allows the audience to
participate in the discussion.
Luke’s parents are OFWs and because of this he has already lived in two different countries by the
age of five. He is also influenced by the values of the people that he belongs to. Which
Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological system theory does the environment of Luke’s exemplify?Macrosystem
Which teaching practice gives primary consideration to individual differences?
Allowing children to show that they learned the stages of mitosis in a way where they feel most
comfortable.
Alex’s parents take an active role in his school, such as attending parent/teacher conferences and
volunteering in his classroom. This has a positive impact on his development because the different
elements of his ecological system are working together. Alex's development could be affected in a
negative way if the different elements of his microsystem were working against one another. Which
of the following ecological system does Alex have according to Uri Bronfrenbrenner? Mesosystem
Alex's father is in the Navy. This often takes him away from the family, and Alex sometimes does not
see his father for months at a time. This situation impacts Alex, and he becomes anxious when his
father leaves. Alex's anxiety has an effect on his development in other areas, even though he has no
interaction with his father's work or say in the decision-making process. Which of the following is
Alex in according to Uri Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological system? Exosystem
An important aspect of Alex's background is the fact that he is a military child. Because of this, he
has already moved three times and lived in two different countries by the age of five. Alex is also
influenced by the values of the military community that he belongs to. Which of the following of
Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological system does Alex have? Macrosystem
In what level of moral development are judgments based on the norms or expectations of the
group? Conventional morality
This law states that things that are near to each other are tend to be grouped together.
Law of proximity
The processes of problem solving and learning are highly unique and individual. This principle
means Each student has his/her own distinctive style of learning and solving problems.
Which psychological theory states that the mind insists on finding patterns in things that contribute
to the development of insight? Gestalt psychology
Who perceive learners not as passive recipients of information, but as constructors of knowledge as
they interact with the environment and as they reorganize their mental structures? Constructivists
Which is an example of a child's mesosystem that does NOT work favorably for the child? The child's
parent and teacher are at odds.
If you perceive the three students as a group that belong together, you are applying the principle of:
Proximity
T. Gina demonstrated to her kinder 2 students on how to make a rectangle using the colored sand
and sticks. Which did she exemplify? Guide learning
T. John asks his students to produce an output every time he teaches a procedural knowledge
dimension. Which of Gagne’s events of instruction does he apply? Elicit performance
This theory refers to the development of the child’s personality, self- concept, identity, and social
skills.psychosocial
The conflict faced by an individual at every stage of psychosocial development is called
developmental ____. crisis
When a child is often left crying for a long time, he/she will soon develop ____among people around
him. mistrust
Which of the following virtues is the capacity for action despite a clear understanding of one’s
limitations and past failures common to 3-6-year-old children? courage
Which of the following is the virtue in late adulthood?wisdom
training, walking, and exploring. If restrained too much they learn to doubt their abilities and feel
humiliated.
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Young adults form intimate relationships with others or become alone because of a failure to do so.
Intimacy vs isolation
Middle-aged adults feel they are helping the next generation through their work and child rearing, or
they idle because they feel that they are not helping. Generativity vs. stagnation
In which order do the 3 important goals during childhood be attained according to Erickson? Trust,
autonomy, initiative
Erickson was influenced by Sigmund Freud and came up with a theory which serves as basis for
analyzing personality and development to help facilitate the teachers’ understanding of various
environmental factors that affect own behavior and of his/her students as well. This theory came to
be known as______. psycho-social
In this theory of learning, it tends to focus on conditioning, modifying, or shaping behavior through
reinforcement and rewards.behaviorism
He is considered to be the Founder of Behavior Psychology.Thorndike
He believed that learning is a habit formation and that teaching is arranging the classroom to
enhance desirable connections and associations. Thorndike
Teachers are very much aware of the need for motivation before discussing the main lesson. This is
anchored on which of Thorndike’s laws of learning?
Law of Readiness
Drills and review are very much common in the classroom since the more that the items are
repeated, the more they are remembered and understood. Which of Thorndike’s laws of learning is
described?
Law of Exercise
This person became famous because of his experiments with dogs which showed that a desired
response can be elicited when paired repeatedly with a stimulus.Pavlov
Responses accompanied by satisfaction strengthen the connection, while responses accompanied
by discomfort weaken the connection. This is exemplified on what law of learning? Law of Effect
Whenever a person thinks of a green mango with “bagoong” that person automatically salivates.
What do you call the salivation? conditioned stimulus
The mango (in the previous question) serves as_____?conditioned stimulus
In classical conditioning, the natural and unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is
known as the:unconditioned response
What is a reinforcer? Any event that strengthens or increases a response.
This is a major theory of learning which deals with S-R and reinforcers.
behaviourism
Who is famous for saying, "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified
world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any
type of specialist I might select -- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man
and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his
ancestors."
Watson
Nittan always waits at his neighbor Rafael every morning. He enjoyed seeing him while biking and
imitates the actions of Rafael while he rides his own bike. Who is the proponent of the Social
learning theory which applies in this example? Bandura
In John Watson’s famous experiment, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, but he also
demonstrated a fear of other furry, white objects. This is an example of:stimulus generalization
Which of the following is true of learning?
Learning involves a change in behaviour?
The sudden reappearance of a response after a period of extinction is called: spontaneous
recovery
While Ivan Pavlov is famous for his contributions to psychology, he was actually a: physiologist
Which of the following activities is founded on Albert Bandura’s social learning theory?
teaching by modeling
Soc exhibits fear response to freely roaming dogs but does not show fear when a dog is on leash or
confined to a pen. Which conditioning process is illustrated?
acquisition
A child who can solve abstract problems in logical fashion is in the _____ stage
Formal
In order to gain basic understanding of the environment, the individual uses exploration thru motor
capabilities. This is seen in___
Sensorimotor
The Piagetian stage characterized by the ability to use symbols and words to think, intuitive
problem-solving, but thinking limited by rigidity, centration, and egocentrism. Pre-operational
thinking, and object permanence.
Sensorimotor
Piagetian stage characterized by the development of logical operations for seriation, classification,
and conservation. Thinking is tied to real events and objects
Concrete operations
Piagetian stage characterized by the development of abstract systems of thought that allow them to
use propositional logic, scientific reasoning, and proportional reasoning. Formal operations
A two-year and six-month-old may reason that the car was hurt because it was damaged in an
accident.
animism
A Swiss scholar who studied children’s intellectual development: Jean Piaget
A three-year-old could not work back through a problem or outcome to find a cause.
irreversible thinking
Young preschoolers have a limited ability to understand things from another person’s perspective –
they think in terms of themselves. egocentrism
This is the area that represents a learning opportunity where a knowledgeable adult such as a
teacher or parent or a more advanced peer can assist the child’s development. zone of actual
development
This is the support or assistance that lets the child accomplish a task he cannot accomplish
independently. scaffolding
Mr. Flores always gives clues, example, and any form of encouragement to make his students to
grow as independent learner. Scaffolding
This is referred to by Vygotsky as the difference between what an individual can learn unassisted
and the learning that could be achieved with support from a more knowledgeable person. zone of
proximal development
Teacher H begins a lesson on tumbling by demonstrating front and back somersaults in slow motion
and physically guiding his students through the correct movements. As his students become more
skillful, he stands back from the mat and gives verbal feedback about how to improve. With
Vygotsky’s theory in mind, what did teacher H do?
Scaffolding
Which is essential in the cognitive development of persons according to Vygotsky?
interaction
Social
Which of the following is true according to Vygotsky?
Knowledge is constructed between people as they interact.
Teacher X asked her students to describe how their families celebrate holidays. Student can
discover that people celebrate holidays differently. Which principle on cognitive development
governs Teacher X’s teaching activity?
Social interaction is essential for cognitive development.
One learns Math by building on Math lessons previously learned. This is an application of the
____________ theory. S-R
Vygotsky claimed that social interaction is important for learning. What does this imply? Children
learn from adults and other children.
Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs must be met before any other level can be
fulfilled?Physiological
A child needing to feel accepted in peer groups is an example of what level of Maslow's hierarchy of
needs? Love/ Belongin
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs has 5 different levels. Which answer below is not one of the 5 levels of
needs? Biological
This is one of Bronfenbrenner’s four social levels or systems which refers to the relationship
between home and school, and parents and friends.
microsystem
This is one of Bronfenbrenner’s four social levels or systems which has an indirect impact on the
child’s development because of the connection with the family unit.
exosystem
John, a Grade 11 student, stopped from schooling after the midterm exam because his father lost
his job due to the management conflict of the company. Which Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological system
theory does the situation of John exemplify?Exosystem
Jane, a 4-year-old, interacts with her parents and little brother. Her school regular interactions are
with her kindergarten teacher and her classmates. Which Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological system
theory does the situation of Jane exemplify?Macrosystem
Dona’s parents take an active role in her school activities such as attending parent/teacher
conferences and volunteering in her classroom. Which Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory
level does the situation of Dona exemplify?Mesosystem
Peter’s dad is a seaman and is always away from the family. Peter sometimes does not see his
father for months at a time. This situation impacts Peter, and he becomes anxious when his father
leaves. Peter’s anxiety has an effect on his development, even though he has no interaction with his
father’s work or say in the decision-making process. Which Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system
theory does the environment of Peter exemplify? Exosystem
Luke’s parents are OFWs and because of this he has already lived in two different countries by the
age of five. He is also influenced by the values of the people that he belongs to. Which
Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological system theory does the environment of Luke’s
exemplify? Macrosystem
Alex lives in the environment where his interactions with his parents and little sister interplay. Alex's
school is also part of his environment. His regular school interactions are with his kindergarten
teacher and the other children in his class. Which of the following ecological system does Alex have
according to Uri Brunfrenbrenner?
Microsystem
Alex’s parents take an active role in his school, such as attending parent/teacher conferences and
volunteering in his classroom. This has a positive impact on his development because the different
elements of his ecological system are working together. Alex's development could be affected in a
negative way if the different elements of his microsystem were working against one another. Which
of the following ecological system does Alex have according to Uri Bronfrenbrenner?
Mesosystem
Alex’s parents take an active role in his school, such as attending parent/teacher conferences and
volunteering in his classroom. This has a positive impact on his development because the different
elements of his ecological system are working together. Alex's development could be affected in a
negative way if the different elements of his microsystem were working against one another. Which
of the following ecological system does Alex have according to Uri Bronfrenbrenner?
Mesosystem
Alex's father is in the Navy. This often takes him away from the family, and Alex sometimes does not
see his father for months at a time. This situation impacts Alex, and he becomes anxious when his
father leaves. Alex's anxiety has an effect on his development in other areas, even though he has no
interaction with his father's work or say in the decision-making process. Which of the following is
Alex in according to Uri Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system?
Exosystem
An important aspect of Alex's background is the fact that he is a military child. Because of this, he
has already moved three times and lived in two different countries by the age of five. Alex is also
influenced by the values of the military community that he belongs to. Which of the following of
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system does Alex have? Macrosystem
States that all possible organizations that could be perceived from a visual stimulus, the one that
will most likely occur is the one that possesses the best, simplest, and most stable form. pragnanz
This law states that things that are near to each other are tend to be grouped together. Law of
proximity
The law states that incomplete figures tend to be perceived as complete.
law of closure
Which psychological theory states that the mind insists on finding patterns in things that contribute
to the development of insight? Gestalt psychology
If you 'fill in' the lines to complete an abstract graphic image - such as all the black spaces suggesting
a full picture of a panda - you are applying the principle of _____: Law of Closure
Which of these is the most basic Gestalt principle of organization?
Proximity
Standing on a street corner, you observe three students crossing the street together. If you perceive
the three students as a group that belong together, you are applying the principle of ____:Proximity
Mr. Reddy said that the principles can be applied to the images depending on how you look at it.
Which gestalt principle is it exemplified?
Closure
T. Gina demonstrated to her kinder 2 students on how to make a rectangle using the colored sand
and sticks.
Which of Gagne’s events of instruction does she exemplify? Guide learning
T. John asks his students how to produce an output every time he teaches a procedural knowledge
dimension. Which of Gagne’s events of instruction does he apply?
Elicit performance
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
In a curriculum development class, the teacher asked the students to give an enriched definition of
the curriculum. Which among the following encompasses the true essence of the term?
Curriculum is the sum total of all the learning experiences in the teaching-learning process.
Ordinary people consider curriculum as __________.
A list of subjects
Courses to complete
Subjects to undertake
I, II, and III
What characteristics of a good curriculum does this imply? “The curriculum must adapt the
educational activities and services to meet the needs of a modern and dynamic community.”
The curriculum is continuously evolving.
Which holds true when each level of subject matter is smoothly connected to the next level and
glaring gaps, wasteful overlaps in subject matter are avoided? The curriculum must be articulated.
Teacher Apollo is interested in getting involved in school-related functions. He asked “Why should
schools need a curriculum?” Which curriculum foundations could give him some ideas for an
answer?
Socio-philosophical
These foundations show the chronological development of curriculum, mostly shown using a
timeline.
Historical Foundations
In what particular period in the Philippine educational system was Grade VII level in elementary
abolished and the double-single session introduced?
Commonwealth Period
The curriculum during this period in Philippine history introduced the use of English as a medium of
instruction.
American
Learning constitutes a logical method for organizing and interpreting learning. This is one thinking of
the:
Cognitivist
If you are a constructivist, what assumptions about learning and learner govern your thinking?
Learners are capable of constructing meaning of what is taught to them.
As a member of the curriculum committee, your chief concern is to give the child freedom to choose
what to learn and believe, as you allow them to set their own identities and standards. What
philosophy will you consider?Existentialism
Suppose that in developing a curriculum, your intention is to put a lot of importance in developing
the mind and spirit of the learners. What philosophical belief will help you on this? Idealism
While having supper, Mrs. Garcia asks her two children what they learned in school earlier that day.
Which level of curriculum is shown in this situation?
Experiential
Dr. Fernandez, the provincial hospital director, plans to attend a school board meeting where a new
high school science curriculum will be discussed. Which level of curriculum is shown in this situation?
Institutional
When a school applies the systems approach to curriculum planning, what is expected?
The parts of the school system are considered in terms of how they relate to each other.
When one wants children to develop positive attitude toward life and life problems, which approach
in curriculum planning is most appropriate?
Problem-centered approach
A barangay official suggested that fishing and marine life be included in the barangay public school
so that learners will have a background on the primary livelihood in their area. This is based on what
curriculum design model?
Learner-centered
Which type of curriculum guides the child toward maturity within the context of a social group?
Problem-Centered Curriculum
Schools divide the school hours to different subjects such as reading, grammar, literature, math,
history, and geography. What curriculum design is described? Subject-centered
Teacher Leah, as a Biology teacher tries to enrich the content of her lesson by identifying related
concepts in Math. What curriculum pattern did Teacher Leah consider?
Correlated
Which type of curriculum design serves as a response to society’s demand for integration of
knowledge and enables the learner to see relationship among various aspects? Broadfield
The Kalayaan Elementary School uses a curriculum design that recognizes the ability levels of its
pupils. Thus, the contents of each subject areas taught across grade levels are so organized that the
simplest concepts are taken up in the early grades and the more difficult ones, in the higher levels.
This shows a widening and deepening sequence of similar concepts taught through the elementary
levels. Which curriculum design is this? Spiral
Every curriculum has this dimension. This is both unplanned and implicit but its instructional effects
are often evident in the students’ behavior, values and dispositions. This dimension is referred to as
Hidden curriculum
When teachers conduct a series of evaluation to determine the extent of teaching, what must be
implemented? Assessed Curriculum
What do you call the curriculum when the teacher puts into action all the different planned activities
in the classroom?
Taught curriculum
Other than the teacher, there must be materials which should help in the implementation of a
written curriculum in order to have a successful teaching. This is referred to as:
Supported curriculum
Teacher Edz attends to seminars, workshops and pursue graduate work. He/She is a/an _______.
Knower
Teacher Aziz have been tasked to prepare the curriculum for the year. He writes daily guide in
implementing the curriculum. In this situation he is a/an __________. Planner
Teacher Janus showed the whole mark of being an excellent teacher by being able to make out of
the box positive changes in the curriculum how. As a curricularist, he is an __________. Innovator
Which of the following refers to an individual or group of individuals who have a direct and indirect
impact on curriculum development?
Stakeholders
Do parents have a role in curriculum implementation and instruction?
Yes, they may provide insights on the curriculum.
What is the function of the curriculum models? To provide framework for curriculum guides
Considering that curriculum is a dynamic process, this person put premium in the role of teachers’
participation in developing the curriculum is________.
Hilda Taba
The best feature of Tyler’s Rationale is the ______________.
Planning phase
He introduced a curriculum for individual and societal development?
Dewey
He believed that curriculum is a set of experiences in which the subject matter is developed around
social functions and learners’ interests. This is Harold Hugg
This concept includes the sub-processes of curriculum planning, organization, implementation, and
evaluation. What concept is this?
Curriculum development
In analyzing the curriculum, the teacher should consider which of the following?
I. Vision, mission, goals and core values of the school
II. Learning resources and faculties of the school
III. Needs and interests of the learners
I, II and III
Which curriculum development phase focuses on alteration of a curriculum's basic structure and
design?
Curriculum change
What process involves the allocation of content to a definite grade capable of learning?
Grade placement
What refers to the matching between the curriculum and assessment to be used for the learners?
Alignment
Which of the following processes usually comes first in developing curriculum?
Identifying goals and objectives
Which of the following is the reason of the continuous appraisal of the existing curriculum at all
levels? Changing needs and conditions of the society
Which of the following school activities is closely related and has greater impact to curriculum
development? Review of the textbooks and reference material
School curricula reflects the world's economic and political integration and industrialization. What
does this point in curriculum development?
The trend toward the globalization and localization.
As senior high school class will take up paragraph writing but at a more sophisticated and advanced
level than a first year class. This is one example of what organization of learning content?
Sequence
A curriculum consultant in Economics insists that in selecting the curriculum content, it is better that
throughout high school years, geography concepts be used to recur and be repeated with depth for
effective learning. Which criteria in the selection of content is shown in this situation?
Continuity
Objectives must be evaluated in the light of practical considerations, including teacher competence,
availability of instructional materials, time allotment, etc. Which characteristic of educational
objective is defined by the aforementioned statement? Feasibility
Which curricula were implemented immediately before the Basic Education Curriculum?
NESC and NSEC
Which curriculum envisions a learner to become a person who is makabayan, makatao,
makakalikasan at maka-Diyos? 2002 Basic Education Curriculum
K-12 Curriculum is to holistic development as BEC and SEC is to __________. Functional literacy
Who was tasked to review the Philippine curriculum before the implementation of the K to 12
program?
SEAMEO INNOTECH
Which is/are features of a child-centered K-12 curriculum?
I. Inclusive
II. Exclusive
III. Gender-sensitive
IV. Culture-sensitive
I, III and IV
In the new K-12 curriculum, in what grade level does the MAPEH subject become exploratory?
Grade 7-8
Which is the language medium of instruction from K to 3 in accordance to RA 10533 or the Enhanced
Basic Education Act of 2013?
Mother tongue of the learners
The use of Mother tongue-based Multilingual education (MTB-MLE) in the curriculum of basic
education means learners _________________.
Shift only to the second language after the mastery of the first language
The following are curricular themes for Kindergarten in the K-12 Curriculum EXCEPT:
My friends
In section 2, Declaration of Policy, RA 10533, it is said that the “State shall broaden the goals of high
school education for college preparation, vocational and technical career opportunities as well as
creative arts, sports, and entrepreneurial employment. Is the K-12 aligned to this goal?
Yes, it offers academic track, sports, arts and design, tech-voc and livelihood tracks.
This alternative delivery mode frees children from the four corners of the classroom wherein a class
is divided into two groups. Group 1 goes to school and group 2 learns at home or vice versa.
Modified In School Off School Approach (MISOSA)
Given to high school students who incur long term absences or who are permanently unable to
attend school due to time, distance, or physical impairment. Open High School Program (OHSP)
DEVELOPMENTAL READING
What is the special program given to the students who can’t read?
Reading program
Developmental reading indicates that a reader is ________.
Under a comprehensive reading program that lets him go through stages
Research indicates that a relationship exists between reading and writing. Which of the following
statements supports that finding?
Reading and writing share similar processes and require using the same kinds of knowledge.
Teacher Algie wants to develop her pupils’ comprehension skills. Which order of skills will she
develop?
Literal comprehension
II. Interpretation
III. Critical evaluation
IV. Creative
I – II – III – IV
The class of Mr. Balita read about a successful gardening project undertaken by a certain barangay.
After coming from school that day, Vanessa went around their backyard and found out that there
was an available space and decided to plant some camote tops. What level of comprehension did
Vanessa demonstrate?
Applied
Creative reading is _________.
Reading beyond the lines
An integrative, conceptual approach introduced by Eson has as its highest level in the development
of ________ thinking skills.
Creative
The following statements are descriptions of critical readers EXCEPT ______.
Can identify explicitly stated information
Teachers can first foster critical thinking in _____.
Kindergarten
Literal comprehension involves _____. None of these
Critical reading involves _____. Identifying the accuracy of the information
Interpretive reading is _____.
Reading between the lines
Teacher Janus is a Grade 1 teacher who plans reading instruction as part of language block. He
provides varied reading experiences that involve children sitting quietly, silently reading library
books or making a book based on their own experiences. What theoretical model of reading does
Mr. Janus show?
Schema model
Mr. Soriano is a Grade 1 Teacher who is concerned with building letters into words and words into
sentences. He uses flashcards so the pupils can sound out syllables and words correctly. What
reading model is reflected in Mr. Soriano’s instruction? Bottom-up model
All of the following statements are true descriptions of bottom-up theory or model of the reading
process EXCEPT:
The meaning exists in the printed page and is interpreted by the reader.
What theory or model of the reading process is closely related to top-down processing?
Interactive Theory
Among models of reading strategies, what did student Pia adopt when she read back and forth,
attending to both what is in her mind and what’s on the page?
Interactive
In acquiring language competence, what is the process of attaching meaning to words? Semantics
Which is the correct order of reading skills in Goodell’s Reading Skills ladder?
Finding the main idea
II. Basic sight words
III. Vocabulary building
IV. Using contextual clues
V. Using structural analysis
VI. Using phonetic analysis
II, VI, V, IV, III, I
Teacher Donna helps pupils determine the pronunciation and meanings of words by analyzing roots,
affixes, and derived forms. This process is called _________________. Structural analysis
The teacher is aware that he cannot teach reading in a flash. Following the Goodell’s Reading Skills
Ladder, what step will he focus on for beginners?
Basic sight words
To understand better the meaning of sweet, Teacher Arabella gives examples of phrases like sugar is
sweet; chocolates are sweet, ripe mangoes are sweet. Teacher Arabella is trying to develop the
learners' ability to derive the meaning of words co-occurring with the unknown word, by making use
of which clues?
Context
The type of context clue for tortuous in this statement “The mountain pass was a tortuous road,
winding and twisting like a snake around the trees of the mountainside” is _____.
Synonym
This is a recognized list of 220 common terms used as a resource to teach sight words. Dolch list
The following statements are true about “main idea” EXCEPT:
It develops, explains, and proves the major idea.
Which of the following is true about teaching vocabulary?
Vocabulary can be taught directly and indirectly.
Many teachers teach vocabulary by having students write a word, look it up in the dictionary, and
copy its definition, and use the word in a sentence. Research has found that this is _____.
Ineffective for developing a student’s vocabulary
A text includes the word “indefensible”, which is unfamiliar to some students. With Goodell’s
Reading Skills Ladder in mind, the teacher will most likely clarify the meaning of the word by _____.
Helping the students apply structural analysis to construct and confirm the word's meaning.
While letting her pupils read on the blackboard, Teacher Juvy, a Grade 1 teacher, uses a piece of
illustration board to cover the succeeding lines of a passage that the children focus only on the line
being read and then uncovers the next line they are through reading the first line. Which accurate
eye movement does the teacher try to develop?
Fixation
Which of the following is the BEST reason why regression is a good metacognitive reading
technique?
Readers use it to monitor comprehension when text seems not to make sense.
The number of words taken every time the eyes stop in reading is called _________________.
Span of recognition
Which is a selective reading technique meant at getting important facts very fast?
Scanning
Skimming is likely to be the most effective strategy for accomplishing which of the following reading
tasks? Previewing a chapter in a content-area textbook
What is the level of reading if a student is judging that Shakespeare’s Hamlet emotional complex
that caused her to be wish taking his own life?
Evaluative reading
Teacher wants to teach his pupils the technique on reading for information. Which technique should
be used?
SQ3R
To show phonological awareness skill in ___________, student say the word and then say the
syllable or sound.
Segmenting
A major distinction between the terms phonics and phonemic awareness is that __________.
Phonics involves the written word, and phonemic awareness does not necessarily
Students participating in an “Individualized Reading Approach” do the following EXCEPT:
Do oral reading and participate in the group work activities
Language Experience Approach can be used to benefit students’ early literacy development by
_____. Providing an authentic way to demonstrate word awareness in a meaningful context
Teacher Jayson entered the classroom and posted images that he has taken from the story he is
about to tell the students. Before he started telling the story to the class, he grouped the students
and asked them to make a story out of the pictures posted on the board. Which of the following
approaches reflects the practice of Teacher Jayson?
Language experience approach
Mrs. Dizon entered the classroom and showed a list of word families like cat, mat, fat, rat, pat, and
bat. What approach is used in this situation?
Phonics approach
Which of the following is NOT a type of literature-based reading program?
Skill-development focused
Which of the following instructional activities in which students become the teachers in small group
reading session, and teacher models group discussions using strategies such as summarizing,
question generating, clarifying, and predicting?
Reciprocal teaching
The reason teachers use “Guided Reading” in the classrooms is to give students ______________.
The chance to apply reading strategies with support from the teacher
Miss Mary Ann teaches in the preschool level. She is preparing to employ a shared book experience
activity for her Kindergarten pupils. Which of the following should Miss Mary Ann make use?
Big book
Mr. Granali believes in the power of environmental print to develop students’ sight word
recognition, print orientation, and even comprehension in a meaningful way. Which the following
materials is an example of an environmental print?
Chocolate bar wrappers
To read maps, students must understand that _____.
Most maps in books show areas greatly reduced in size.
Electronic reading books are advantageous for beginning or struggling readers primarily because this
type of computer software:
Scaffolds learning by providing a high level of interactivity.
What is a limitation of the word-attack strategy the teacher is using?
The text may not contain the necessary information to supply the definition being sought.
A science teacher asks the school reading specialist for strategies to help students to acquire
content-area vocabulary and improve their reading comprehension of the science textbook. Which
of the following strategies is most appropriate for the reading specialist to recommend for this goal?
Introduce vocabulary terms in context before reading the text
Teacher Michelle, a Grade 2 English teacher handling a class of multilingual learners has just finished
reading a story aloud to the class. Which of the following is best as a post-reading activity for her
pupils? Give them comprehension questions.
The following are principles for designing effective and interesting reading lessons EXCEPT:
For reading lessons to be interesting and motivating they must focus on simple themes.
A third-grade teacher wishes to do an appropriate prereading activity that will encourage the
students to want to read the story. Which of the following pre-reading activities would be most likely
to accomplish that?
Telling the children that there is a surprise ending, and that they will be required to draw a picture
showing that ending.
Which factors relate to high reading achievement?
Rich home literacy environment
II. Reading enjoyment
III. Confidence in reading
IV. High student IQ
I, II and III
If a pupil is unable to read proficiently while others around him/her can, over time his/her belief in
his/her ability to read will be negatively impacted (Solhc 2011). Based on this research finding, which
factor contributes to the pup reading problem? Self-efficacy
Which of these does not belong to the external factors that affect reading as point of reference?
Enjoyment of reading
Good readers make use of effective reading strategies. Which are examples effective reading
strategies?
Predicting
II. Inferring
III. Summarizing
IV. Visualizing
I, II, III, IV
Which may help establish creativity in reading?
Writing experience stories together as a group
II. Playing listening-and-seeing games
III. Writing imaginative stories or poems
I and III
Who among the following readers is expected to understand the alphabet and words (concepts of
prints)?
Emergent reader
Chona’s mother guides her in acquiring functional listening and speaking vocabulary and initiates
activities using concrete objects and regularly tells stories to her. What kind of reader will become of
Chona?
Proficient
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
From cluster of meaningful learning activities, which does NOT belong to verbal linguistic
intelligence? Ecological field trip
The use of drills and review in lessons exemplify what law of learning? Law of exercise
Teacher Farrah motivates her students before beginning the lesson. This supports what law of
learning?
Law of readiness
Teacher John allows his students to read books of their interest in their vacant schedule. This
exemplifies what law of learning?
Law of freedom
Jose remembered Jerome Bruner’s Discovery Learning because this was the last topic discussed to
them by his teacher. This exemplifies what law of learning?
Law of recency
The more intense the material is taught, the more it is likely learned.
Law of intensity
He is the famous proponent of laws of learning? E.L. Thorndike
This principle believes that the learner has an accumulation of experiences, ideas, feelings, and
attitudes which we could tap. Hence, as teachers we need to consult them. Which principle
exemplifies this?
One of the richest resources for learning is the learner himself.
As teachers, we should always remind ourselves that learning is a gradual process. Hence, we should
be patient with our students. This is exemplified in what principle of learning?
Learning is an evolutionary process.
Teacher Mae related her lesson to the life’s experiences and needs of the learners. Which principle
of learning exemplifies this?
Learning is an experience which occurs inside the learner and is activated by the learner.
The students in Teacher Peter’s class enjoyed a lot because they are allowed to learn by doing. This
is exemplified in what principle of learning?
Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning and relevance of ideas.
Teachers should give consideration to the learners’ multiple intelligences and various learning
styles. This exemplifies what learning principle?
The process of problem solving and learning is highly unique and individual.
We have to remember that learning is not just a cerebral process. It also involves the heart. This is
exemplified in what learning principle?
The process of learning is emotional as well as intellectual.
Teacher Allan made sure that his learners know the instructional objectives before beginning the
lesson. This exemplifies what guiding principle in formulating objectives?
Share lesson objectives with students.
Teacher Katrina’s students are motivated to learn the lesson because the lesson objectives are
relevant to their experiences. Which guiding principle in formulating objectives is addressed?
Work on significant and relevant lesson objectives.
Which among the three domains of learning should always be present? cognitive
Before discussing a specific lesson in his class, Teacher Josh made sure he is guided by his
instructional objectives. Which guiding principle in formulating objectives is addressed? Begin with
an end in mind.
Which elements in Dunn and Dunn’s Learning Model includes motivation, persistence, responsibility,
and structure?
emotional
This includes the following elements: lighting, sound, temperature and seating arrangement.
environmental
This element in Dunn and Dunn’s learning style model involves whether the students want to work
individually, with a peer, or in a group.
sociological
This element encompasses whether a student is visual, tactile or kinesthetic.physiological
The following describes a facilitative learning environment EXCEPT one:
Inconsistently recognizes students’ right to make mistakes
The student of Teacher Corazon feels that their teacher has an “eye behind her head”. This
characteristic of the teacher is known asWith-it-ness
For the “picture smarts”, the most effective learning activities are ________.visual imaginations
Tricia, a Third-Year student is popular not only in her classroom but also in the entire campus. She is
always invited to soirees and pajama parties. Students are drawn to her because of her seemingly
friendly attitude. This intelligence according to Gardner is known as ____________. Interpersonal
When Maria is studying, she learns best by associating hands-on experience.
Kinesthetic learner
Mia enjoys games like scrabble and crossword puzzles. She is what kind of learner. Linguistic
Sample Question Frames such as: "Who invented the...?", " What is meant by...?", "Where is the...?"
fall under what level of questions in Bloom's and Anderson's taxonomy of objectives? Knowledge
In her History Class, teacher Naomi used a current events IQ contest to determine champions in
identifying people, places, and events. What learning objective/outcome does she aim to achieve?
Knowledge or recall
When you ask questions to lead students to discover or create new connections, generalization and
patterns, or combine ideas to form a new whole you ask students to
.
synthesize
Sample Question Frames as "What would you infer from...?", "What ideas can
you add to...?", and "How would you create a..." belong to what level in the
old Bloom's taxonomy? Synthesis
Third Year Strawberry students categorize things in their classroom. What type of higher order
thinking skills did the students display? analysis
Which of the following should be avoided in formulating objectives?
To know
What is referred to by the underlined phrase in the following objective? Given a set and parts of a
set, the children should be able to name halves, fourths, and eighths of that set accurately.
Level of performance
With Benjamin Bloom’s cognitive taxonomy in mind, which of the following objectives is in the
highest level? to rate a project along relevance, originally, and craftsmanship
Study the given lesson objective and answer the question.
“After listening to a discussion on how to make a good rubric and being given the criteria of a good
rubric, the student is able to evaluate the rubric that he made.”
Based on Robert Mager’s elements of a good performance objective, which of the following is
lacking in the given objective? Criterion of success
Although learning can take place anywhere and anytime, the more systematic the teacher gets, the
greater is the probability for a successful learning. This indicates the need for teachers to
__________. plan their lesson
“Using the six descriptions of the elements of a good short story, IDENTIFY IN WRITING THE SIX
ELEMENTS IN THE SHORT STORY BY ‘O. HENRY’, with complete accuracy.” The words in capital
letters are referred to as the __________.
performance statement
If a teacher is concerned with the development of students’ higher-order thinking skills, then his
lesson objectives must go beyond __________. application
For greater accountability of learning, our lesson objectives must be S.M.A.R.T. What is the meaning
of the letter ‘T’ in the acronym? time-bounded and terminal
Which of the following questions demands the highest level of thinking?
“How should you present a report in class?”
Which of the following inquiries is an evaluative question?
“Do you agree with the way the action research was conducted? Why or why not?”
Krathwol is famous for his taxonomy of affective domain, while Anita Harrow is known for ____
domain.Psychomotor
It is a skill-based domain which has three practical instruction levels: imitation, manipulation and
precision.
a. Affective domain
b. psychomotor domain
c. cognitive domain
both a and b
A teacher tool which contains all specific activities that lead the students to achieve competency in
all three learning domains.
Attendance sheet
Which from the foundation of all cognitive objects without which the next level of higher thinking
skills cannot be attained?
Knowledge
Of the dimensions in learning, which is NOT included as an aspect to be given importance in
education?
Dogmatic dimension
Of the approaches to classroom management, which emphasizes the organization and management
of students as they engage in academic work?
Business-academic approach
What mistake is teacher Benny trying to avoid when he never drops a topic before it is completed?
Dangling topic
From classroom management strategies applied on erring students, which of the following should
NOT be done? Shaming erring student before the class
As preventive measure for classroom discipline, the teacher may restructure the program. How is
this NOT done? Skip whole lesson unit altogether
Of the approaches to classroom management, which involves a variety of techniques and methods
ranging simple rewards to elaborate reinforcement, e.g. praise or rewards?
Behavioral modification approach
Of subcategories of teacher movement behavior, what is happening when the teacher bursts into
activities without assessing student readiness and gives orders, statements, or questions that
confuse students? Thrust
Of subcategories of teacher movement behavior, what is happening when the teacher bursts into
activities without assessing student readiness and gives orders, statements, or questions that
confuse students?
Thrust
Which of the following circumstances is in accordance with the “with-it-ness” principle of classroom
management by Jacob Kounin?
The teacher is fully aware of what is happening in his or her classroom.
What term refers to a teacher, who leaves a topic without having finalized it, provides summation
or full conclusion? truncation
Of the dimensions in learning, which is NOT included as an aspect to be given importance in
education? Dogmatic dimension
What type of classroom management problem refers to teachers, who allow themselves to be
distracted by outside stimuli, move the class’ attention to that distraction? stimulus-bound
Mr. Bugarin gives the purpose of planned activity. Materials and its cost were taken, too. The steps
of the planned activity were discussed. What method was used? Project
Mr. Reyes made use of the project method in the Practical Arts subject. Purposing, planning,
executing, lecturing were parts of the method. Among the four parts which should not be included?
Lecturing
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING B
What kind of intelligence manifests the ability to use reason, logic and numbers? Logical intelligence
The domain on Social Regard for Learning in the NCBTS focuses on teacher’s actions and
demonstrating value for learning. Which are the indicators for these actions?
Model the value of punctuality
Consider the influence of teacher’s behavior on learners
Use cooperative learning activities
Communicate higher learning expectations
I and II
The NCBTS domain on Social Regard for learning focuses on which indicators?
I. Demonstrates punctuality.
II. Maintains appropriate appearance.
III. Communicates higher learning experiences.
IV. Make use of various learning experiences.
V. Is careful about the effect of one’s behavior on learning. I, II, V
Among styles of classroom management, which expects teachers to specify rules of behavior,
consequence for disobeying them, and to communicate these rules and consequences clearly?
Assertive style
This occurs when a teacher is teaching a lesson on one topic, but then inserts unrelated material
from a previous lesson.
Flip-flopping
Which of the following features is a characteristic of an effective classroom management?
Preventive
Teacher Grace raises her eyebrows and tilts her head to communicate a warning to Jones, who talks
while she lectures. What classroom control technique did she use?
Eye contact
Which of the following circumstances illustrates a proactive approach to discipline?
The teacher arranges the chairs to allow a smooth traffic flow.
With preventive discipline in mind, which of the following adjectives does NOT belong to the group?
Reactive
Which of the following circumstances is a proactive management practice?
Set and clarify your rules and expectations on the first day of school.
Teacher Delilah strives to draw participation of every student into her classroom discussion. Which
of the following student needs is she trying to address?
The need to show their abilities to the rest of the class
A teacher encourages his students to ask questions. Which of the following gestures run counter to
such encouragement? Knitted eyebrows when a question is raised
For a well- managed classroom, is it wise to establish classroom routine?
Yes, because it saves you a lot of time.
Which practice helps the teacher maximize time for instruction? Minimize discipline time
Teacher Sandra was having difficulty drawing response from her class no matter how much she
motivated them to recite. The class was a witness to how she insulted a classmate who had given a
wrong answer the other day. This phenomenon points to the reality of __________. Ripple effect
To show disapproval to the misbehavior of the student, Teacher Charles clears his throat and looks
intently at the erring student. This classroom management style is commonly known as
___________.Signal Interference
The students of Teacher Corazon feels that their teacher has an “eye behind her head”. This
characteristic of the teacher is known as: With-it-ness
Which of the following shows a well- managed class? The learners are eager to reach their objectives
“What I hear, I forget. What I see, I remember. What I do, I understand. “ This means that pupils
learn best when they: Take active part in the learning process.
When the teacher let the students examine on how to manipulate the microscope. He/She is using:
Enactive
In a Science class students have seen an enlarge picture of amoeba. Iconic
A grade II teacher wanted to show the parts of a seed by using a large, wooden seed visual aid with
detachable cotyledon tiny seed. Under what classification does this wooden structure fall? Mock –
up
Which instructional material is closest to direct experience? Simulation
Which learning activity is most appropriate if teacher’s focus is attitudinal change? Role Play
Under what category will a globe as an instructional material fall? Model
Which of these technologies are arranged from the most symbolic to multisensory?
Visual materials, print, audio visual materials and realia
Bruner’s Theory on intellectual development moves from enactive to iconic and symbolic stages. In
which stage(s) are diagrams helpful to accompany verbal information? Iconic
Prof. Gee wants her class to learn how to manipulate a microscope. She then brought the apparatus
in her class and allowed each student to explore it. This activity falls on what type of experiences in
Dale’s Cone of experience? Direct Purposeful experiences
Kenny presented a power point for his topic on Global Warming. This is an example of what type of
student product? Visual
This guiding principle in the selection and organization of content requires that no topic must be
extensively discussed at the expense of other topics. Balance
This principle requires that the content included in the lesson should be covered within allotted
time. Feasibility
This principle explains the famous adage “mile-wide-and-inch-deep” as well as “less is more”.
Self-sufficiency
This principle requires that the content measures what it is supposed to measure. Validity
The following are the ways to go beyond facts EXCEPT: Presenting decontextualized lessons
It is a kind of thinking skill with only one best answer to a problem. Convergent thinking
This type of thinking uses analogy. An example is when you compare teachers to leaves and effective
teachers to fruits. Metaphoric thinking
This type of thinking involves evaluating information or arguments in terms of their accuracy and
worth. Critical thinking
This type of thinking involves producing something that is original and worthwhile. Creative thinking
This is a variety of critical thinking which is usually employed when we evaluate the reliability and
truth of a certain advertisement. Verbal reasoning
The teacher involves the heart in the selection and use of teaching strategy. Which principle
exemplifies this? Emotion has the power to increase retention and learning.
Teacher Kaye made use of audio-visual aids to make learning more meaningful. This is exemplified in
which learning principle on selection and use of teaching strategies?
The more senses involved in learning, the better the learning.
In selecting strategies, the teachers made sure to choose a strategy that would make the learners do
instead of just making them listen passively to the teacher. Learning is an active process.
The teaching approach used by Teacher Donnie considers the multiple intelligences and learning
styles of students. Learning is meaningful when it is connected to student’s everyday life.
This is the teacher’s philosophy or belief about learning. Approach
It is a systematic way of doing something. Method
This approach considers the prior knowledge of the learners. Constructivist
This supports John’s Locke’s tabularasa or empty slate-like condition of the child’s mind. Banking
This teaching approach makes the teacher connects what he/she teaches to other lessons of the
same subject or different subjects. Integrated
This method aims at helping student acquire procedural knowledge and is used for lessons that are
factual and non-controversial.Inquiry method
This method is also known as self-directed study. It is a method that requires the students to present
in concrete form the results of information gathered about a concept or principle. Project method
This method employs the scientific method in searching for information. Problem method
Each student in a team becomes an expert on one topic by working with members from other teams
assigned the corresponding expert topic. Roundrobin
The inquiry method is part of: Inductive method
The following are included in reflective teaching EXCEPT: Oral recitation
When a teacher discusses Physics to his class, he made use of the teaching of Mathematics to help
his students understand Physics. This is an example of: Interdisciplinary approach
Content-based instruction (CBI) is an example of: Interdisciplinary approach
When teachers organize a curriculum around students’ questions and concerns, it is part of what
approach? Transdisciplinary approach
When students monitor their own cognitive processes, this is an example of what approach?
Interdisciplinary approach
Students were required to stay and live with a family of Aetas in Zambales for a week. They will do
this to study the lifestyle of the ethnic group and come up with a report about the particular
group. The teacher will most probably use what technique? Field study
To ensure that the lesson will go on smoothly, Teacher A listed down the steps she will undertake
together with those of her students. This practice relates to: Teaching method
This is done when you analyze the given argument and determine whether or not the reason
logically support or does not logically support the argument. Argument analysis
Teacher Job makes certain content interesting to his students. Focusing on learners, he also uses
many simple examples, metaphors, and stories. What is this quality of lesson content? Interest
Teaching English, Teacher Job is careful about his lesson content. What quality of content did he
achieve when he made certain his information came with the “information explosion” which he got
in “the internet such as on how to effectively teach phonetics”? Learnability
Of the following effects on learning, what is the effect of assigning various sections of the
newspaper, and allowing choice depending on the learner’s choice? Allowing different interests
Teacher Job made certain his lesson can be useful to his students taking care of their needs in a
student- centered classroom. What is this kind of quality of content? Utility
In Math, Teacher G presents various examples of plane figures to her class. Afterwards, she asks the
students to give the definition of each. What method did she use? Inductive
For cognitive learning, what are sets of facts, concepts and principles that describe underlying
mechanism that regulate human learning, development and behavior? Theories
Literature teacher Zeny introduced figures of speech in poetry to improve ability of her students to
interpret verses. What kind of thinking is she developing in her students? Metaphoric thinking
Teacher Maggie explains by spicing her lectures with examples, descriptions, and stories. What is
this quality in her lectures? Elaboration through elements
In his Mathematics class, teacher Don uses practical examples to teach abstract mathematical
concepts, ensuring that learning is useful in life and not just for the test. What guiding principle in
selection and organization of lesson content is he following? Utility
In cognitive learning, what are firmly established and thoroughly tested principles of theories? Laws
When should a teacher decide to use DIRECT INSTRUCTION as a method?
When the subject matter is difficult
The class of Grade 6- Einstein is scheduled to perform an experiment on that day. However, the
chemicals are insufficient. What method may be used? Demonstration
Teacher C gives the class specific topic as assignment which they have to research and pass the
following day. However, the students could not find any information about it. What method should
Teacher C use to teach the assignment? Lecture Method
If Teacher Amor wants her students to get a graphic overview of the whole lesson on figures of
speech before she discusses them one by one, which of the following activities is MOST appropriate?
Advance organizer
Which of the following activities should a teacher use if he or she wants to generate possible topics
for panel discussion? Brainstorming
Teacher Jarwin wants his pupils to master the multiplication table. Which of the following activities is
MOST fit?
Drill
Teacher Edward invited several experts to shed light on the topic of the environmental protection.
Teacher Edward is using the technique known as ____________.
Symposium
Teacher Albert wants to teach inductively how a plant responds to light. How will he proceed?
Show pictures of plants growing toward the light, then ask students to draw their conclusion on
plant’s response to light.
Which of the following methods has been proven to be effective in the courses that stress
acquisition of knowledge?
Mastery learning
If “a picture is worth a thousand words”, which teaching technique is preferred? Graphic organizer
For integrative purposes, which of the following approaches should be used? Thematic approach
Which of the following graphic organizers is MOST fit for sequencing the steps of a certain process?
Flow chart
Which of the following concepts backs up the integrated teaching approach?
The interrelatedness of concepts
With the directness of instruction as criterion, which of the following methods is LEAST direct?
Cooperative learning
Edward de Bono is famous for this instructional innovation _________. Six Thinking Hats
The primary concern when choosing instructional aid should be ________.
Must be suited to the lesson objective
The teacher started his lesson about “addition of similar fraction” by giving a general rule on how to
add similar function then eventually give examples. His teaching technique known as… Deductive
Which of the following is BEST implied by quality and relevant teacher development initiatives?
Lifelong learning
As an effective classroom manager, what should a teacher do?
She uses instructional time wisely.
She uses her power to punish student for the sake of discipline.
She puts to use available and appropriate materials.
She manipulates colleagues and students so she can meet her goal.
I and III
If you ask questions that will make students identify the organization and patterns within a system
by identifying its component parts you are asking questions on _____ Analysis
Teacher Rodel likes to show how the launching of spaceship takes place of the following materials
available, which is most fit? Mock-up
Which seating arrangement has been proven to be effective for learning?
Flexible to suit varied activities
To be effective, which is the best time to discuss rules, procedures, rewards and consequences
based on Miss Mabuhay’s experiences? The first days of the school year
A question asking students to classify is a question on ________Analysis
The lesson is on the pros and cons of capital punishment. Mr. Milan wants to do high level thinking
and to develop a view of capital of punishment from different perspective. Which technique will be
most appropriate? Panel discussion
You want to teach concepts, patterns, and abstractions. Which method is most appropriate?
Inductive reasoning
Teacher Elena discussed how electricity flows through wires and what generates the electric charge.
Then she gave the student wires, bulbs, switches, and dry cells, and told the class to create a circuit
that will increase the brightness of each bulb. Which one best describes the approach used?
It helped students apply scientific method
Teacher Bong likes to concretize the abstract concept of an atom. He comes up with a concrete
presentation of the atom by using wires and plastic balls. How would you classify Teacher Bong’s
visual aid? Model
In your attempt to develop creative thinking skills, you want to test fluency of ideas. Which activity
will be most appropriate? List animals covered with hair in one minute
ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Teachers are encouraged to make use of authentic assessment. Which of the following activities
goes with authentic assessment? Real-world application of lessons learned
Why should the blank in a completion test be near the end or at the end? Question first before
answer
Which of the following evaluative tools will be MOST reliable in determining the students’
acquisition of the value of punctuality? Likert scale
Teacher Lorelle does norm-referenced interpretation of scores. Which of the following statements
CORRECTLY portrays Teacher Lorelle? She compares the score of one student with the other
students.
Which of the following is the MOST reliable tool that a teacher can use to see the development in
the pupils’ ability to write?
Portfolio assessment
The results of the National Achievement Test (NAT) are interpreted against a set mastery level. This
means that NAT is categorized as __________.
a criterion-referenced test
a norm-referenced test
I only
Which is the first step in planning periodic test? Go back to the instructional objectives
You got a 76 (of 100) and your friend got 82 (also of 100). Did your friend do
better than you?
Not necessarily
Yes
Other factors such as SD, level of difficulty need to be considered.
II only
A teacher uses a standardized test __________.
To compare her students to national norms.
Under what value measurement instrument does sentence completion or story completion fall?
Projective technique
What does 85th percentile mean of an examinee?
S/he belongs to the upper 15% of the examinees.
Study the tabular data then answer the questions: Question #1 and #2.
Question A B C D
#1
0 3 24* 3
#2
12* 13 3 2
* Denotes correct answer.
Which are TRUE of the data:
Option A of Question #1 was not a very good distracter.
The difficulty index of item 1 is .80.
The difficulty index of item 2 is .40).
IV. Distractor B of item 2 should be carefully studied by the item writer.
I, II, III and IV
Teacher Ursula asked her pupils to create a story out of the given pictures. Which of the following
projective techniques did Teacher Ursula use?
Thematic apperception test
Other than finding out how well the course competencies were met; Teacher Katrina also wants to
know her students’ performance when compared with other students in the country. What interests
Teacher Katrina? Norm-referenced evaluation
I have computed the mean and I want to get more information about the distribution of scores.
Which of the following measures of variability is MOST appropriate? Standard deviation
If the lowest score obtained in a 100-item test is 1 and the highest score obtained is 99, what
approximation can be made out of the scores? The scores are highly dispersed.
The criterion of success of Teacher RC in his lesson is that “the students might be able to get 85% of
the test items correctly”. Luis and 29 other students in the class answered only 33 out of 40. This
means that the teacher _________.
did not attain his lesson objective as far as the 30 students concerned.
Which measure(s) of central is (are) most appropriate when the score distribution is not badly
skewed? Mean
Which of the following statements is TRUE when standard deviation is small?
Scores are tightly bunched together.
Which is TRUE of the positively skewed distribution? Most scores are low.
Which one is meant to measure students’ awareness of values? Moral dilemma
Principal is talking about “grading on the curve” in a faculty meeting. What does this expression refer
to? A student’s grade determined whether or not a student attains a defined standard of
achievement
Teacher Y set 85% accuracy in a test predicting the kind of weather given five atmospheric
conditions. Marivic obtained a score of 82% which can be interpreted as ______.
She did not meet the standard by 3%.
In a 100- item test, the score of Student C is ½ SD above the mean. Mean is
50 and SD is 4.8. What is her score? 52.4
John tells his mother he got a score of 35 in a national achievement test. What other information is
needed for that score to have meaning?
I.
The highest possible score
How the rest of the examinees compare with John in terms of score
No additional information needed
I and II
Below are sound advice on how teachers should utilize assessment results,
EXCEPT:
compare pupil's score with those of the other pupils
After studying multiple assessment results, you discover that student B
performed very poorly on all tests - written and unwritten. What should you do?
Determine the cause of poor performance.
Talk to her parents.
Determine if she is a child with special needs.
I, II and III
You want to teach your pupils how to send e-mail. You discover that 5% already
know how to send e-mail while the remaining 5% are zero knowledge.
What is a collaborative way of ensuring that those who do not know how to email will learn how?
Peer tutoring
Which of the following are alternative assessments?
Self-assessment, authentic assessment, surveys
The range of a score distribution where 50 is the highest possible score is
50. What does this imply? The highest score is 50.
Suppose you add zero as score in both coursework and examination marks,
will the range be still typical of the marks? No more
Study the Table below then answer the ff. questions:
Table 1: Comparison of coursework and examination marks for 14 students
Student
A B C D E F G H 1 J K L M N
Coursework mark 27 44 39 20 41 40 37 34 40 40 38 40 29 27
Examination mark 12 47 23 25 38 45 35 35 41 39 32 25 18 30
You are interested to compute the variability of the students' marks in both coursework and
examination. What are you interested in? How the scores converge around the mean
What is/are TRUE of the score distribution?
The highest coursework mark is 48 and the lowest is 27 giving a range of 21.
In the examination, the highest mark is 47 and the lowest is 12 producing
a range of 35.
There is a wider variation in the students' performance in the examination
than in the coursework for this module.
II and III
Suppose you add zero as score in both coursework and examination marks,
will the range be still typical of the marks? No more
Based on your diagnostic test, you find out that your students can use EXCEL
very well. What should you do? Let students display their skill on EXCEL.
Eighty percent (80%) of your students got scores 2SDs above the mean. What
will you do?
Find out how the remaining 20% performed.
Focus on the 80% who performed well since they are the majority.
Help the 20% for better performance
I and III
After studying multiple assessment results, you discover that student B
performed very poorly on all tests - written and unwritten. What should you do?
Determine the cause of poor performance.
Talk to her parents.
Determine if she is a child with special needs.
I, II and III
Zero standard deviation means that:
The students’ scores are the same
Here are computed means of a hundred-item test:
Physical Science 38
Math
52
English
33
Based on the data, which is TRUE?
The Math test appears to be the easiest among the three.
You discover that your students did the opposite when you asked them to refute
a given statement. What should you do next time?
Use words within the level of your pupils.
How can the teacher best begin in developing a lesson plan design?
Clearly defined outcomes
What primary response factor is considered by Essay questions?
Originality
What is the mastery level attained by a school division in a 100-item test with a mean of 55?55%
Teacher B is researching on family income distribution which is quite symmetrical. Which measure/s
of central tendency will be most informative and appropriate? Mean
What is a scoring guide that lists the criteria and their levels of quality on which the evaluation will
be focused?
Rubric
Which of the following statements is TRUE about a bimodal score distribution?
The group tested has two different modes.
If the computed range is low, this means that __________.
The difference between the highest and the lowest score is high
Which statement about Median is CORRECT?
Is the most stable measure of central tendency
Among written categories of assessment methods, what instruments did Science teacher Julian use
when he prepared a list of behavior that makes up a certain type of performance in the use of a
microscope? Performance test
What is the Normal Curve in the grade distribution of students in a class?
Most get average grades; few high and low
What is being assessed by the Rubric that seeks to assess high, moderate, or low imaginative
thinking?
Creativity
With manner of answering as a criterion, which of the following does NOT belong to this test group?
Completion test
What should be done with the test item whose difficulty index is .98?
Reject it
When the distribution is skewed to the right, what kind of test was administered?
Difficult
What is wrong with test items that give clues to answers to questions? Poor construction
What does it mean if student Pete got a 60% percentile rank in class?
He scored better than 60% of the class
THERE ARE TWO SETS OF SCORES:
SET A – 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
SET B – 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,9
Which statement correctly applies to the two sets of score distribution?
The scores in Set A are more spread out than those in Set B.
In a positively skewed distribution, the following statements are true EXCEPT:
Median is higher than the mode
What does it mean to state that the determination index of a test item is -.35?
More from the lower group got the item correctly
What is the graphic illustration for the relationship between two variables?
Scatter diagram
LECTURE 1
Definition of Guidance:
1. To “guide” means to point out, to show the way or to direct.
2. But guidance is more than guiding and giving directions.
3. I tis an assistance made available by personally qualified and adequately trained men
or women to an individual of any age to help him manage his own life activities, develop his own
point of view, make his own decisions and carry his own burden.
Definition of Guidance according to:
1. SHIERLY HAMRIN (1950) guidance is helping John to see through himself, in order that he may see
himself through
2. DOWNING (1968) guidance is an organized set of specialized services established as an integral
part of the school environment designed to promote the development of the students.
3. Shertzer, Bruce and Houghton Mifflin (1976) guidance is:
a continuous process of helping individuals to understand themselves and their world.
It is a continuous process and cannot be handled in a few short sessions.
It involves a series of actions or steps progressing towards a goal.
Guidance is needed from birth to death.
Guidance is considered here as an assistance given to individuals that occur during their
development.
4. CHRISHOLM (1951) believes that guidance seeks to help an individual become familiar with facts
about himself, his interests, abilities, previous development and plans.
5. JONES (1965) guidance involves personal help given by someone.
6. TRAXLER (1954) guidance enables each individual to understand his abilities and his interests.
THE NEED FOR GUIDANCE
1. New Interpretations of our way of life have resulted in changes.
2. The climatic conditions growing out of world unrest affect practically every phase of
human experience.
a. Rapid Technological advances, an increasingly complex society, new concepts
b. of government and its role in the lives of the people, the need for outstanding leadership talents,
a shift in the standard of morality and integrity, and a condition of unusual demands upon the young
people, all contribute to the need for guidance.
3. Specific conditions within the educational setting contribute to the need for guidance
The following are some of the conditions:
The teacher’s major responsibilityis instruction.
The concept of individual differences is critical in education.
Problems occur as concomitants to growth and development.
Children are oftentimes emotional.
BASES OF GUIDANCE
Legal Bases of Guidance in the Philippines
The legal foundation of guidance in the Philippines has its own beginning in 1951 when the Joint
Congressional Committee on Education, in its report to Congress, stated that:
“There should be established in every secondary school a functional guidance and counseling
program to
help the students, to guide them in their work in school and at home and to help them solve their
problems.”
To give more impact on the role of guidance in the Philippine educationa system, Section 4 of Batas
Pambansa Blg.232 or the Education Act of 1982 states that the educational system shall aim to:
“provide for a broad general education that will assist each individual, in the peculiar ecology of his
own society, to: a.) attain his potentials as a human being; b.) enhance the range and quality of
individual and group participation in the basic functions of the society; c.) acquire the essential
educational foundation of his development into a productive and versatile citizen.”
BASES OF PRESENT GUIDANCE APPROACH
Changes in the approach of our present guidance programs are brought about by the following
factors:
1. Pseudo-scientific approaches. This kind of approach has different forms as follows:
1.1 NUMEROLOGY – It is the study of the occult significance of numbers. Many of us people still
believes in the effect of numbers in their life.
1.2 ASTROLOGY – It is he divination of the supposed influences of the stars and planets on human
affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspects. The most common
instruments used by the astrologers is the horoscope.
1.3 GRAPHOLOGY – It is the study of handwriting especially for the purpose of character analysis.
1.4 PALMISTRY – The art or practice of reading a person’s character or future from the lines on the
palms.
1.5 PHRENOLOGY – The study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties and
character traits.
1.6 PHYSIOGNOMY – It is the art of discovering temperament, personality trait and character from
outward appearance.
1.7 SPIRITUALISM – a belief that spirits pf the dead communicate with the living usually through a
medium.
2. Changing concepts of psychology. Guidance is an outgrowth of various movements dealing with
patterns of human life.
3. Industrial and scientific progress.
4. Changing educational objectives.
5. Increase in school population.
LECTURE 2
ISSUES IN GUIDANCE
1. Local schools district employs counselors to provide the services that the local school
administrators prescribe.
2. The counselor should allocate sufficient time to help client discover what bothers him, to define
specific
behavioral goals and to attempt to change his behavior rather than merely encouraging him to
return
periodically for catharsis.
3. Counselor should minimize personal counseling.
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE
The history of Guidance is divided into four stages:
1. Vocational Guidance
2. Educational Guidance
3. Personal Guidance and Mental Hygiene
4. Child Guidance Clinic
THE EARLY PIONEERS OF COUNSELING
1. Frank Parsons – Credited as the first counselor and often referred to as the “Father of
Guidance”
2. Lysander S. Richard – published a slim volume titled “Vocophy”
3. Jesse B. Davis – He is the founder of educational Guidance.
4. Anna Y. Reed and Eli Weaver – American counselor who established counseling services
based on Social Darwinian concepts.
5. David Spence Hill – He organized the first guidance and counseling services in New
Orleans.
6. Carl Rogers – Advocator of the client-centered counseling.
7. Clifford Beers – Hospitalized for mental illness several times during his life.
PHILOSOPHY BEHIND GUIDANCE
1. Know the individual.
2. Guidance is primarily dedicated to implement the essential concern of democracy for the dignity
and
worth of the individual.
3. Guidance is a life-long process.
4. Guidance is based on human needs.
5. Guidance is an art of helping individuals to plan their own action wisely.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN GUIDANCE
1. Every aspect of a person’s complex personality pattern constitutes a significant factor of
his total displayed attitudes and forms of behavior.
2. Individual differences must be recognized.
3. The function of guidance is to help a person in all aspects.
4. Guidance should be regarded as a continuing process of service to an individual.
5. Guidance services should not be limited to the few.
6. Guidance is education but not all education is guidance.
7. Parents and teachers have guidance responsibilities.
8. Guidance program should be suited to individual and community needs.
9. A periodic appraisal should be made.
AIMS OF GUIDANCE PROGRAMS
1. To provide services which contribute to a realization of potentialities.
2. To provide teachers with encouragement and stimulation toward better teaching.
3. To provide teachers with technical assistance
4. To contribute to the mutual adjustments of the students and the school.
5. To identify students with developing problems.
LECTURE 3
ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF GUIDANCE
ORGANIZATION – The foundation upon which the whole structure of management is built.
It is a process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating
responsibility and authority and establishing relationship for the purpose and enabling people to
work most
effectively together accomplishing objectives.
ADMINISTRATION – It is never static. It is dynamic organ of an organization which keeps on
responding
to the requirements and needs of its members.
It refers to cooperative human action to achieve the purposes of the
organization.
TYPES AND FORMS OF ORGANIZATION
FORMS OF ORGANIZATION
1. Informal Organization – It refers to the relationship of individuals because of similarity of likes,
dislikes, emotions, needs or attitudes.
2. Formal Organization – It is a system of well-defined jobs each bearing a definite measure of
authority, responsibility and accountability, the whole consciously designed to enable the people of
the enterprise to work most effectively together in accomplishing their objectives.
TYPES OF ORGANIZATION
1. Line Organization – It is the simplest and oldest form of organization structure. In such structure,
authority is delegated directly from top to bottom.
2. Line and Staff Organization – It is the pattern of a large and complex organizations. In it, all
executives are either on the staff or in the line depending on their authority and
functions.
THE GUIDANCE PERSONNEL AND THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN GUIDANCE
1. The School Head – (President, Administrator, Principal and Head Teacher) The school head
determines the destiny of the guidance service by his attitude toward it.
a. Plans the budget of the school including the guidance program
b. Selects qualified personnel to strengthen the guidance service
c. Schedules of events in the school including activities of the guidance program
d. Assigns specific duties so that each personnel may know his responsibilities.
e. Supports activities designed to improve professional competence of the staff
f. Keeps the public informed on current school activities, goals and progress
g. Initiate in establishing and maintaining favorable public relations
h. Takes part in community activities and sponsors or lend his support to a variety of
activities designed to promote the cooperative spirit between school and community.
i. Determines problems and finds solutions to these problems
j. Provides leadership
2. The Guidance Counselor – The duties of the guidance counselor vary somewhat, depending upon
whether he is serving relatively small school, district, division or university.
a. Stimulates the interests of other staff members.
b. Solicits the participation of students.
c. Plans the guidance program carefully.
d. Keeps well-informed on educational trends.
e. Seeks the advice and recommendations of others.
f. Utilizes community and school resources.
g. Keeps parents, teachers and students informed.
h. Plans for the necessary personnel and facilities.
i. Counsel Students.
j. Works closely with teachers.
3. The Teacher – The teacher’s ideas, suggestions and aid are essential throughout all phases of the
program’s establishment and development.
a. Effective Teaching.
b. Noting vocational possibilities of various subject areas
c. Demonstrating a genuine interest in students.
d. Encouraging high academic achievement.
e. Serving on planning committees.
f. Holding individual conferences with students.
g. Providing anecdotal data.
h. Assisting with the pupil inventory.
i. Making student referrals.
4. The School Doctors and Nurses – The play of the school doctors and nurses in guidance are
important.
5. The School Librarian – It is not difficult to place the librarian in the category of a guidance
worker.
PROCEDURES IN INITIATING A GUIDANCE PROGRAM
1. Survey the present situation.
2. Utilizing all available resource
Methods in the accomplishment of these objectives can be attained through:
a. The guidance staff can prepare and mail bulletins/ brochures to inform parents on what is taking
place in the school and might also serve as a device for obtaining their suggestions and ideas.
b. School visits by parents might be encouraged.
c. Contacts should be made and/or maintained with community leaders.
d. Orientation programs to various sector maybe conducted in the coordination with school
personnel.
3. Determining the objectives to be accomplished.
4. Providing for solid structure as a basis for action.
THE GUIDANCE SERVICES – It is an organized set of specialized services established as an integral
part
of the school environment designed to promote the development of students and assist them
toward a
realization of sound, wholesome adjustment and maximum accomplishments commensurate with
their
potentialities.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GUIDANCE SERVICE
1. An integral part of the schools
2. It is more preventive than curative
3. It promotes educational objectives
4. It promotes student development
5. It is organized; it has structure; system and personnel