QRTR2-NOTES IN MUSIC TOPIC 1: MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750-1820) The classical era, also called “Age of Reason”, is the period from 1750-1820. The cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made. The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified. Harmony and texture are homophonic in general. The new style was also encouraged by changes in the economic order and social structure. As the 18th century progressed, the nobility became the primary patrons of instrumental music, while public taste increasingly preferred lighter, funny comic operas Important historical events that occurred in the West during this era were the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, and the American Revolution. ACTIVITY #1: FACT OR BLUFF? Directions: Write FACT if the statement tells a historical context within the classical period, and BLUFF if not. 1. ” EDSA Revolution was one of the important historical events that occurred during this period. 2. The nobility became the primary patrons of instrumental music. 3. There was a change in economic order and social structure. 4. Cultural life was dominated by the church. 5. Classical era is called “Age of Reason. - 1|Page QRTR2-NOTES IN MUSIC TOPIC 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSIC IN THE CLASSICAL PERIOD The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art which were FORMAL, ELEGANT, SIMPLE, FREED and DIGNIFIED. The same characteristics may also describe the melodies of classical music. The dynamics of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of CRESCENDO AND DIMINUENDO. The rhythm is REGULAR BUT NOT MECHANIC, looking for making easier the musical phrasing. A style of broken chord accompaniment called ALBERTI BASS was practiced during this period. ACTIVITY #2: FACT OR BLUFF? Directions: Encircle the words that belong to the historical context of classical period. 2|Page QRTR2-NOTES IN MUSIC TOPIC 3: COMPOSERS OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (Jan 27, 1756 – Dec 5,1791) Child prodigy and the most AMAZING GENIUS IN MUSICAL HISTORY. He experimented in all kinds of music and composed OVER 700 WORKS. He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and opera. “Riches to Rags” COMPOSITIONS: “The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “The Magic Flute” which became popular. Other known works: “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik”, “Symphony No. 40 in G Major”, and “Sonata No. 11 in A Major K311.” FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (Mar 31, 1732 - May 31, 1809) He is one of the most prominent composers of the classical period. His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story. He came from a poor family and his music led to his rise in social status. He became an important figure in the development of the Classical style in music during the 18th century. He was named, “FATHER OF THE SYMPHONY” His music is characterized as CALM, BALANCE, SERIOUS BUT WITH TOUCH OF HUMOR. COMPOSITIONS: “Surprise Symphony”, “The Clock”, “The Military”. LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (Dec 16, 1770 - Mar 26, 1827) He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era. He was a talented pianist and composer. He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance. He continued composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget. Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf. COMPOSITIONS: Famous symphonies are: Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral). Other famous works: “Fur Elise”, Turkish March, Moonlight Sonata. 3|Page ACTIVITY #3: LET’S LISTEN! Directions: Listen carefully to the selected recordings of Classical sonata. Analyze the music according to its elements and encircle your answer in the given chart below. Name: Grade/Sec: MUSIC Sonata No. 16 in C Major K545 3 rd Movement (Mozart) Moonlight Sonata 1st Movement (Beethoven) Spring Sonata Op. 24 (Beethoven) Sonata in C Major 1st Movement Sonata for Bassoon and Cello in Bflat Major K. 292 2nd Movement Date: Class # INSTRUMENT USED TEXTURE DYNAMICS TEMPO Piano Violin Flute Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Mostly Soft Mostly Loud Fast Slow Moderate Cello Piano Trumpet Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Mostly Soft Mostly Loud Fast Slow Moderate Bassoon Piano Violin Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Mostly Soft Mostly Loud Fast Slow Moderate Bassoon Cello Piano Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Mostly Soft Mostly Loud Fast Slow Moderate Bassoon Cello Piano Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Mostly Soft Mostly Loud Fast Slow Moderate 4|Page QRTR2-NOTES IN MUSIC TOPIC 4: VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC Sonata: A multi-movement work for solo instrument. Sonata came from the word “Sonare” which means to make a sound. This term is applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin. Consist of three movements in a sonata. Three movements in a Sonata: 1st Movement: ALLEGRO: fast movement. 2nd Movement: SLOW TEMPO: (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional. 3rd Movement: MINUET: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo. Sonata-Allegro Form: The term sonata allegro form refers to the form of a single movement. The most important form that developed during the classical era. A musical structure consisting of three main sections: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation THREE MAIN SECTIONS IN SONATA ALLEGRO FORM: Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme. Development - is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition Concerto: Concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. A concerto has three movements 1st Movement: FAST: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist. 2nd Movement: SLOW: Has more ornamentation than the First movement. 3rd Movement: FAST: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used. Symphony: A multi-movement work for orchestra, the symphony is derived from the word “Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”. It is a classical music for the whole orchestra. It generally in four movements. 1st Movement: Fast - Sonata-allegro form 2nd Movement: Slow - gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation 3rd Movement: Medium/Fast - uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo) 4th Movement: Fast - typically, Rondo or Sonata form CLASSICAL OPERA OPERA: is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. It has two distinct styles: 1. The Opera Seria (serious opera) usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters, which was inherited from the Baroque period. 2. The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of everyday characters and situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire. 5|Page QUIZZES IN MUSIC 9- QRTR 2 QUIZ 1 PASTE IT HERE! QUIZ 2 PASTE IT HERE! QUIZ 3 PASTE IT HERE! QUIZ 4 PASTE IT HERE! 6|Page 7|Page