@@òãbî•
Power Supply
"# $# ! 34#5 6"7 0 12)! (DC,#) " - ./ **+ '( ) AC %&
12 V
5V
3.3 V
EBC
D $4) 2'? @ A?"# 8) 9:;## 34#<& '( ) =>
power supply :- F G
JK& ": 0 L3<;) '? -M N '? ) JO G: %& '( −
E => C %) ./ *SQR*QP -M %) ./ **+ )
G: UV YZ ,#) '? -M %& '( 4) T UV W 6X −
4)@ [?) " C <#: [?) \]^ " <#: A&
E!G;7 A 8C C !_ %;: JO <#:
YZ) de ?4"@ R ) K@ Yb JO 9"@ c3# A`$# a
9: −
E!ch; JO J g@ C f ? =@
c2# 0 \KZ) <#: 6"W;# YZ 6"i;# 6"W;# 4) jT UV W −
E& [?& k A?,# "4 # UV ,l 8)
,#W o [4Wp d# k 6 F Output Voltage
G: YZ , Load.,l k =d# 0 o
mn '? Regulation 6"i; )C −
Input Voltage
d# '? k =d# 0
4W C / 7812/8824 rs+t JK& ": 0xx rs 4 ) 4)Z#& C ;2 A
E Agi;& ) 'W"v 4 )2` '( fT^ 6X , '( 6i; u#xx rP
Input Voltage.
f '? )w Output Voltage mn '? Isolation Jb 6X −
: "^K xG
[#,"7 ,#) '? -M ./ **+ NW %& '( 0 G a
−
D
E,#) ./ S++ -M y++ E./ St+ Zz " a'? ,"7 \KZ) g
D ? ,#& '( G: %) '? -M ,#& '( 6"W;# −
8"G 4) T UV W 6X −
'( 8 " _ # #b^% W? 0 ,W $4) "^ %ZM 8G7 #b^
E!#b^% 4& a
{ ? ,'& WG ,#&
6:o } e JO , J$, mf #b^ 8,| g
D ]# −
E [ u#o \4& { %& '( ,# UV "^K G .",:
\4& ) ?n G: )2` '( ^ UV W −
D
Ec^K
Power Supply Linear Power Supply (LPS)
'p4 6) Y ,W u# Speakers ",Z Ag: k 1; Linear Power
? ~#;
[3^ Voltage Adapter '( 6) Y/ U @Voltage Adapter.
Supply (LPS).
Switchmode Power Supply (POWER SUPPLY)
, Laptop,$& ",Z b'?C , ",Z A k 1; Power
? ~#;
YC g@ EA;#& ] A;"@) ,€@3 b'?C ,b"4 AWG
POWER SUPPLY.
1^ ) ",Z b'?C k <#&Supply
: ! (PC Computer "]<e b'?F 8) :;# Y^ ';) ? YF #
ATX
, AT
b ,W
(PII)
A(W& ) ^K "( ‚#ƒ Y@ 7 ) ^
D 67 AT
„ 4 ) 2'( x4> 6# o F 4 ]3;) h) 7G ]3
[ 7G m5 ,3^ #3& ) 4> 9† "de# „‡C "4, ; 3^
o 67 [;Z 9;? - ;? F 4 g'"@ 6# ˆ4]3;) ˆb? - ) )
EY‰ ,W#
,aW )
(PIII)
A(W& hn F A4 0 ,W "
D J #& ATX
6# ‹`f ) F 4 Œ) [4"h 6# "de# C Šn 7G #3)
E2'( "de -# 'Z "h# "4,
"# 8G F 4 Y/ 2'( "de „‡M "4,W ); 1; {
#3) ) 2'( x4d ^ YC ;"4 9† o ;^T/ N# 'Z
E;3^T "de#
,W ) ';) 34#5 AhC ';) h (ATX) 7G d Š]< )C
E ? 3" <" ˆW) € ) "4 2 7 ';) @
(P4 LGA)
(P4)
(PIII)
0
power supply !"
/-. (!!, + % & '() * #$"
ATX-style 20-pin motherboard main power connector
:YZ)F ", g@ C )& h) C #Z;Z ,) !20 PIN CONNECTOR
[e#) 6'BW '?
*+ mƒ [^C cC '( 3 )
~ 0 c#Ž D
D
E7G )& d#
)& k [4"h ˆ -# Ze
:#Z^Z C ."@ } hn A"/G 6" B
D C ˆ " ‰ ]
) 2'?
‘ "D '"4 x3#) YC u 7G d `:F YC YM
D
u'Z '( ) ;"W) ,"7 K, Y @ YF ;’fC YC ["/ IBM compatible 1^
="d 2† o 34#<& Š7F A`de) C F 4 0 O YZ) [ c _:l k \4 -M c” 7 UV YF ,[^Z)
?YF a
Kw Vg/
./ +yEy= N –
./ R*+ = 3hF
./ −12 = 2F
./ +5 = ›F
./ t− = L"F
u'@ '? ,Ž o !žCLT f = :F
,W d# Y/ :F žF 8) [4h ; [^ cC power on = ŸfF
Wp^ uZ "de# #3) 0 dB ; Ž c 7G b# C
E ,W _:l
]/ d# a , ¡ M J ”& cC Good power line = c)
Short circuit
¢7 A -M ’C 4f ] VM _:l 7G
b'?F k [4, ¤`^ W#:o 8£ k ./ +5 = up3; C ’';
; [^C [B) §" 3& b"4 1^ ) ¥ & YC ¤`^ ¦" Kl
,W 2'( Y/ §" 3& 0 #3) cC d£ C ¥ & U
4# ); _:l ,W YC K) remote sensing We#:` ./ +3E3 = u;
& C Ze A@ ) M
RPPª # YF a } " # © dell J @Œ :i`)
."@ ‹ W« #fo $3h ;
67
Y4
o
N +3.3V
11
2C
–12V
:C
67
o
Y4
1
+3.3V
N 12
2
+3.3V
N GND
13
3
GND
:C
Ÿf
PS_On
14
4
+5V
›C
:C
GND
15
5
GND
:C
:C
GND
16
6
+5V
›C
:C
GND
17
7
GND
:C
L"C
–5V
18
8
Power_Good
c?
›C
+5V
19
9
+5VSB
(Standby)
¬?F
›C
+5V
20
10
+12V
3hC
#Z^Z #Z^Z
* 67 45 (!3, (P4) 012% + %) * #$"
ATX12V power connector /8 .9)
[ #fo 7 ;
Y4
o
67
67
#Z^Z
#Z^Z
o
Y4
3hC
+12V
3
1
Gnd
:C
3hC
+12V
4
2
Gnd
:C
/;8" (!!, (AUX)#$:
/ATX auxiliary power connector,
; [ hn #fo 7
67
­
Y4
#Z^Z
67
­
Y4
#Z^Z
1
Gnd
:C
4
+3.3V
N 2
Gnd
:C
5
+3.3V
N 3
Gnd
:C
6
+5V
›C
<=> ?@0 A%: & '() * /(!!, #$"
(Optical Drives - Hard Disk Drives)
$4& b'?F #f 7 a
67
o
Y4
#Z^Z
67
o
Y4
#Z^Z
1
+12V
3hC
3
Gnd
:C
2
Gnd
:C
4
+5V
›C
(FDD 3.5) =" *= B=C & '() * /(!!, #$"
®434 #fo 7 a
67
o
Y4
#Z^Z
67
o
Y4
#Z^Z
1
+5V
›C
3
Gnd
:C
2
Gnd
:C
4
+12V
3hC
(SATA) $%F *= D: E0 & '() * #$"
A"#3 YF Šn €3^ ‹ BC u
Power Supply % %> !"
Step-down Transformer
Ex"G# 9:; 7C '? -M
Line Power.
VAC
'p4 L/f JO −
!**+ d# '? L3n
d# ]) Load ,l JbW U @ J$& -M Secondary Coil J$,4 c^K \4& k ˆ %& '( $# 6 −
DC
,#) '?
A34, BC
D ^W#:o C  / "","@ A3KZ) <#: Smoothing 6"W; −
6: ¡W k A3KZ& 8) '4"h 6# ¦"$ Resistors A) ) C Coils
!Low-pass Filter
C C-L-C (pi) (Low-pass Filter) 0 J]$4 "h#  'C )
g';) `@ "h N# Ze ˆ
C-R-C (pi)
Voltage Regulation
'p4 6"i; −
:"# ] C fT 7
Zener Diode.
^2 u;X *
A#:b^ ) ^Z) 'p4 6"i; *
rPR* C ,7805 , LM317K) ,¡C X`X AV '( 6"i;# 4)Z#) *
mn '? ^ ) x '4, „T '( 6"i; mn '? §] # "# Y° £ #X "W?) ," 4G& ," 4 Z, ) _7C
Switchmode Power Supply
, ’fC ^"C
, Switching Power Supply BC
D
D ,
Chopper Controlled Power Supply
"4,W " ';Z, "^ %Z A^Z) Power Supply ) 1; A^Z& a YZ
Hz.
k <#
t+ d# '? % ^ ) ?
D N ;Switching
k [, 6 c %& d# '? $# u# Switcher "^ %Z­
:N AV AB; ) ,| -M : 4)
Switching:
k )<#& "^ %Zo A^Z& 'C )
BJT
1^ ) A#:b^
•
MOSFET
1^ ) A#:b^
•
IGBT
1^ ) A#:b^
•
% C SCR ,e ,Thyristors A#:K
Triac
•
6 ) ±#; , 300-320 VDC ˆ ) YZ Switcher -M f '( /
!VAC*S+−**+ d# '? /
mn '( L3< !W#) ^X A34) V % " AM JO E'"4 J]l _4G& mn 6"7 -M AB^ h k Switcher )
Line Power
d# ]) Load ,l JbW U @ J$& 6X ,6 G: % " A­ JO ) ?n '( 6 6#
a „; <# ¦" , C-L-C (pi)1^ ) 6"W; <#: ',"W; 6#
=dh Coil \4)
Electrolytic Capacitors
"","@ A3KZ) \4& -M Primary Output ²:F c^K mn \4) ) Feedback ) d ?
EJ$,4 Primary Coil N F
<#: C =dh AB^ JO <#: )M & d# a
x" 6#
Opto-isolator.
k N#
Pulse Width
B; ³ k 6Z$#4 Feedback & d# <#
'? „ M ¡} UV
Switcher
) ?n
B; Pulse Frequency
#X ,"7 ; mn
Z
Switchmode Power Supply
¥:F k u
DC-DC Converters
'( A=d)
G '? ,"7 ="d# ¦" , d# '( 6"W; 6 u#4) Y Emn k 4G& 6" -M DC ,#&
",Z b'?C K) AG ,W u# b'?F k '( A=d) <#
Laptops
,$&
Flyback Type POWER SUPPLY G'
, RFI A f £ › POWER SUPPLY ) 1; ,# , Surge 6: ¡W ) b
, d# '? k „?3& 4W £ U @
f d# '? '"4 , J C u a
YZ ?
D =]7 A%3
POWER SUPPLY.
,A3KZ& A34& ) ,| h k RFI f# £ gl 'i
Noise Signals
Œe AM ) d# '? §"%
mf -M Switcher k #& % " A­ _« 8;, g@
k ,W u# ’fF b'?F k Œ
l ;‘ POWER SUPPLY Yb3"4# b'?C K) A G^
¡T ]# MOV 6: ¡W ) h k Surge
£ gl 'i
H, N, G
Jf
£ POWER SUPPLY k ?& A`h& aC gl 2"/ <# U @
"# 4
",$#4 p"#^ "# 4 £ gl k / cV => 2"3 YC @ ?
Overloading
¡W
Bridge Rectifier
b
G; 1^ ) 6 <#: d# '? 6 6#
Line Rectifier
Flyback Type POWER SUPPLY.
6: a
9"@% ) 6: "# ³W ŽŒ ˆ
T1
J$,4 N F \4& k & "# b , ON"h# 8£ k Q1 YZ );
E"Gf
c^K \4& -M N F \4& ) 7G ) ?
D "´£ ) #; 4& a
k
J$,4
J| h k ^b#<& "'Z 7G #; , OFF8£ k Q1 §] );
mn '? 0 ]$;/ ,J$,4 c^K \4& -M N F \4& ) µ";d)
^b#<& 7G ",@ A2 g4@ , ON "h# 8£ k Q1 „ )2 2 g4@
k ?
D 6') ) Q1
) #& Pulse Width B; ³ YC UV ;W)
mn ; <#:` #& 7G ",@
„3Z " YZ YC 9† J$,4 c^K \4& ) mn '( 6 Rectifying Diodes
6 # A";X §4] o U ," A ; ,W ';Z,
E a
Full Wave Rectifier (FWR)
„; N400x R 1^ )
4)@ ?) 6 h k 4h) a
YZ
:N# Ze k ;"&@ Center-tapped 1^ )
6 ) mn '( 6"W;# C-L-C (pi) Filter 1^ ) §"% <#
J$,4 c^K \4& ) mn '(
,Flyback k ,W4 6,]) Šf 1^ ) JO T1 J$& YC -M ­ ‘
W Ao$& ["@ k \4#ƒ ) 34#5 ,| 0 ';) J]l Z, ^X A34) T1 J$,4 YZ
mn '?
 / ';) <# ,"'@
'BW bW) ^K A34& a
D
Primary O/P Coil
YZ
²:F mn \4) ,
­ x: u# Feedback & d# <#: mn '? 6"i; "4, x" $#
'"M
Feedback
& d# <#: Voltage Regulation '( 6"i; "4, x" 6#
Primary O/P Coil
Switcher
²:F mn \4) k 0 mn '? 7, G:
) #& B; ³ k 6Z$# 6X ,#X "W?) ," [#^ )
E#X
D mn '? „ ­
) "
D W K@C YZ
Startup
Y/ "4,
D
Startup Resistor.
6: ¡W
R1
) &
EA) & ) =@ '"/ <# ,UV
"de# „ "# Switching #:b^ 7 d# ‡C Startup /
Initial Current
#& B; ³ k 6Z$#4 PWM Controller 6: ¡W 4)Z#) <#
Switcher
)
%3
ON
8£ k Q1 „ M k 9# 7 PWM Controller , k 4f cC
E[7%
Saturation
8e# -M T1 J$& Jh [; ±#; z 2` ) JC
& d# x" $# POWER SUPPLY A ) W k Opto-isolator <#
WG7 f
Photodiode
,LED u£ u;X Opto-isolator
Feedback
E "^ %ZM
\4& k 0 L3<;& '( ˆ ®'Z JbW x" k Opto-isolator "3
EJ$,4 N F \4& k 0 NW '( ˆ J$,4 c^K
²:F mn \4) k 0 mn '? 7, Reference Circuit "W?) ); Opto-isolator k ?& LED uB u;K "de# , Primary O/P Coil
4G& ," mn ,"7 G<#
LED ) #& „B Opto-isolator k ?& Photodiode €Ž );
," ; mn '? £ ­
Switcher
) #& B; ³ "4 #
E4G&
]3 ¦"$ Q1 7 d k Photodiode k "h# UV x" Z,
$& ," mn '? 2 k '; d#
Shunt Regulators
Primary Output
Shunt
1^ ) A`)Z#& ) '´/Z ) C TL431 4)Z#& ) ²:F mn '? ,"7 \]^ 7, ¦" ,"W?& 4)Z#) ,$& ," mn '? ,"7 A2 V/ ,Voltage
EB; ³ "4 # Opto-isolator k ?& LED uB u;K "de# Regulator
Opto-isolator
4 @ =dh AB^ JO <#
POWER SUPPLY
Feedback
6"i; <#
C-L-C (pi) Filter
A LW
& d# x" $#
§"% <#: mn '? 6"W; W
Emn '(
POWER ' ; L;=: MH I( J: KE1:
SUPPLY
220 VAC
%& d# '? µ" Gn ])
"" §"% k ?& "","Z A3KZ& k ^b#<& ;$e U @
d# '? ]/ W # '#;$e '3# ,# ) D> u# ,HV Main Filter
A„?M k „ 7 A3KZ& a
;$ ¶3# §]; U POWER SUPPLY ,^"]
1V
1K-10K.
Z C 50 - 5 c2 '#,"7 2W ) ) <#: UV
ˆ ) '#,"7 ) ) [d3# <# ,200V \KZ& Y@ VM `K,/
k „ 7 [d3 w ) @T#4 \KZ& k 0 '( / ¥" §]; U @
E^"] „?M
Series Load Method N((" &2O E=P
Q() ER $"
„?M ) „'#^o W ) J F POWER SUPPLY "de ; G a
<#
[ ^"]
„;XC ="d 6 u# "^ %Zo 8G \4 Jg# ) 4 ‡C G a
/
E) ] 4Ze& k ^"] „?M
"# ) $4 POWER SUPPLY 8) N# 0 › "h x UV 6#
\4# ) '#› 6X )
POWER SUPPLY
f ?& A`h& aC k &
EGW 9: ? ,#: k
Series Load
N##& ,l 9W4" c u'@ ]) <# ) YZ UV W [p ? ³3<^ 6X k e ®'Z ]& ± ) , u7 k & "# ³3<^ 6X ,§"% A3KZ) $e p"#^
g"4:
D Power Supply YZ ); Ž
Power Supply
7
YC -M =e (Pulsating) ,#) ] a·3G^ ®'Z ]& ± Overvoltage.
2 '? C Overcurrent 2 " ? p"#^ \7# 6X ,W k C
®'Z ]& YF C
Power Supply
Power Supply
k 4Ze) ? 9 UV YZ
; =dh [ 7 N##) ,$@ <#&
", -M C Short Circuit ¢7 ? -M =e Full brightness e ®'Z ]& ± E2 ,$ Power Supply ^"h ; N##) ,$@ <#:` :;)
40W 7 V ®'@ ]) –#W
D
Laptop
hnPower Supply
^"h ; N##) ,$@ <#:` :;)
100W 7 V ®'@ ]) –#W
D
EcW ",Z 2'p hn Power Supply E)F b VM [ 2 6X k =dh N##) › <#: EŒ) =@ N##) ,$ „ iŽ
")Z4 "'Z d# k ?& "^ %Zo A^Z&
POWER SUPPLY
Switching
A#:b^% a
2) C
BJT
(.S=
1^ ) " A#:b^ YZ 7
C 2SD C BU 2SC
C Short Junction ] ) 4h )M ? k A#:b^% a
DMM
2'? <#: #f 6#
€3^ 7F 0 [ YZ YC 0 A#:b^% a
JGC "> ¢$;
Open Junction.
) \# J#: Z,
D 0C C ,Voltage Rating E`"47
A#:b^% a
2) C
MOSFET
#3) 4h
Current Rating
1^ ) " A#:b^ YZ 7
E6",]# K POWER SUPPLY A k ')<#: ~#; ,2SK 2'? ) K@C ) <#: -M A#:b^% ) 1; ‚$/ m#Ž
¥T o Jg# ;'/ Shorted ] ) => #:b^% Y@ VM ) 3] Z ,DMM
YC ) @T# U @ ,Startup Circuit "de# „ ‚$/ 9† ;
) [^C ¦" ,6"4: (S) ]&
(G)
,6"4: [^C [
ˆ h !18V C15V ^2 u;X
D
E3
MOSFET
Y@ VM \4#
?f Y@ # Power Supply ) mf cC 0 J]l 8"G# .;@ VM
D
E6"4: Switching #:b^ YC 0 " '/ ,3"W£
BJT(.S=
& d# k <# , Small BJTs =dh A#:b^ YZ ) Control Circuits
C
Short Junctions
6Z$# k U @
Feedback
D DMM 2'? <#: #f Z,
] ) A`h K$
E';) \# J#: ,Open Junctions #3) A`h
Power
L/ k 9# A#:b^% a C k "#4 9«
Ž ^"C
D
E,W YC Supply
Rectifiers UE( =TV Diodes T
A";X S ) ^Z) ,| C Bridge Rectifier 1^ ) 'p4 ) <#
AC Line Voltage
%& d# '? 6 # Rectifier Diodes 6
6 ';Z, u# Fast Recovery Diodes) 1^ ) „3Z " 6 A";X <#
\4& 4]#) YZ u# mn '? 6 k !% " AM
E(% " A­ J$& c^K
A,| k W,| YZ C !¬G:o #W& Ze A";K a
TO220
DMM
fT ^"C
D
1^ ) ¡`> f ˆ;X )
D A";K a
2'? <#: Open C Short ? K$
‚$/ 6#
‡C cC ,"4: A";K a #f p"#^ YZ ^"C
[^C -M ­ ; ‘
D
E'"4 "de# '? x"G ; Short ¢7 '"/ Ž Z ,,"4:
p"#^ i; Ld W"v
D ="d Aol LW k B/F ) YZ U E¢ #f
Main Filter Capacitors
"" §"% A3KZ)
Switching
#:b^ ]3 .,7 VM
;W,/ 2"3  k W Power Supply ,#:
AC
%& d# 'p 4]#&
E="d#4 m# 3 %& d# '? 6 A";X YC UV
Power Supply
#f f‰ W mn '? 6 A";X ]/ Z,
Eo C ,W": Y@ YM ’; [^ '? 6 A";X ]/ ^W# & =@ /2| ["/ ? o „?­ Primary O/P Voltage
Dummy
Load
µ" mn
\2 › ? k „?­ 6#
SCR Overvoltage Protection Circuitry
'( 13 ) gl k <#
D 'i o c mn h& SCR #f 6#
E["/ Short ¢7 ? K$
Shunt Regulator D: %:!(:
TL431
8-pin DIP
-M C ¡G ) "# ,
R.
C
A
4)Z#& " K@C 'C )
C TO92 )M ,ˆ4Z C 4)Z#& a
fT
¡F u ,W/ ¡C X`X 4)Z#& a ‹
2.5V
) –@C R-A '( / Y@ VM A ¡G
C Turn Off ]3 [^C )M Power Supply Y/ 4)Z#& a
k Short ¢7 ? k
E3"W£ mf '? uGW Z ,W
#f ,"4: ’fT ‹#: 4)Z#& a
Power Supply
#fo B/C
Opto-isolatorITW ?1
V ¬G: Z fT 7 ,6-pin DIIP C4-pin DIP 1^ ) IC 4)Z#) Z fT
E¡C WC
Voltage
'( 6"i; "4, x" $# )<#& Feedback & d# k <#
Regulation
ˆ ) & ‚7; 7)
mA
*+−R+ "# LED ¡C d# a#f Z,
Photodiode
D
[#: B3 U ,3"W£
Opto-isolator Y@ VM "3 o #fo k
Z
EŒ)
Capacitors !"
'? 6"W;# <#
Electrolytic Capacitors
"","@ A3KZ) YZ §"% A3KZ)
Emn '? §"% <# U @ ,[, W %& d#
cC ; YZ oC 9† ¦" ,=K@
D A3KZ& ) 1; ‹ c i ‚$3 "3
E\KZ& C ¹3#^o X¸ ; YZ oC 9† U @ ,\KZ& Y k =d# X¸
Open
C Short K$ A3KZ& a
#f 6#
,"4: ‡C #fo ) 'i 7 #f 6# u# A3KZ& LW [^C -M a#^o 9†
\KZ,4 W3 "##& ) & b p"#^ ,"4: ] ,W o UV 8)
Eu","Z \KZ& f \† ); '#,"7 b u#
1; ) YZ
RFI Circuitry
ESR
6: ¡W
A §" k )<#& A3KZ&
) ^
,"","Z A3KZ& ) gp
dhC YZ
D
D
Non-polar Capacitors
uG7`
EA3KZ& a
7 W UV
DMM
2'? <#: A3KZ& ) 1; \4#
#f 9W]
U ,A3KZ& a ‹ Very Small Capacitance ?
D =d] W ¥­ 0 2'(
E3 ‡C Ue k Œ) ="d# §];
Resistors :"
E,& ," 8) : & 6" ^ )
DMM
2'p #f 6#
A„7 0 J]l YgB ) '/C C ]/ C '4]/ W #f 6#
E$"$h
±#;
Open
§] ) Startup Circuits "de# „ k )<#& A) &
2"3 % Y Z ,W YC
POWER SUPPLY
L/ YC UV E2"3 A) &
Fusable Resistors E? :"
FR
b) A) & ) 1; p G& 4 0 9#Z
^"C
,c) C 2C ‡ YZ ,Power Resistors A) ) '4Z k [e
D
EU")= ) "G#) Z fT
E3# "4hF WG 4 )w
D xG) YZ YC 9†
Overcurrent Protection
"# 2 £ g$4 A) & a
,A`h& aC C k ¢7 ? UV ;W,/ A) & a
Power Supply
<#
C \4 k
k ?& A`h& aC 8"v ‚$/ ud; U E,"4: .^@ YM # A) & 8"v ‚$/ 9† U @
EUV ) –@C YZ ^"C
,1W ) 7C A) & a
D
6"7 YZ ) MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) G \4d) Š7 Z fT ,"G7o A3KZ& Ze k MOV [e
E"Z"#:`
Surge
6: / W& d# '? k ´?3& "i$4 A3 o £ g$4 <#
Surge
<# C , Neutral (N)
Hot (H)
ˆ/G ˆ N-G
H-G
? [:M ; p3; MOV
H-N
<# , Surge ) g$4
ˆ '4"h 6# MOV ) X`X
E"‡o MOV ) ) YZ YC 9† DMM 2'? <#: 6"4: MOV #f ;
Thermal Resistors E=O :"
Negative Thermal
9: c )W) AV NTC 1^ ) A) ) <#
Surge
d# ]) 8) N# 0 1; k "# 2 ) $4 Coefficient
) ˆ#) ) C ) ) "h 6#
AC
%&
'#) ) , YZ ); =@ A) & ) 1; ) ) YZ
E} "# ) ± ; l 13 8) "†
D
D
Z fT Z,:
K@C YZ ';Z ,"G7` A3KZ& A) & a
[e
EŠ7
Transformers XA"
High Frequency Transformers
% " A­ AoO ) YZ Flyback JO
" AM AoO BC
D YZ
Feedback
& d# k )<#& Ao$&
E-I core type.
C Toroidal 1^ ) YZ ,%
J$& ¡`#fo UV ;[34 k Flyback J$& 0 J]l 9W]
Ef‰ Power Supply ) ) 1^ @ k
\4& „: º34) ¡C ˆ Open ? DK$ ' Ao$& #f Z,
u#
Feedback
& d#4 A34) <# Ao$& LW Z ,c^K C N F
E4 Schematic 6: /# ©) Wh "4, J$& #f "4, ) W‘
E^ –#W Ao$& a
\4 ‘; JGF
<#
9# ) ^
,Opto-isolator 4 @ % " AM AoO ^"C
D
D
EJGC k Ao$& a
Inductors %"
C-L-C (pi)
k hf ,§"% k A3KZ& 8) <#
D #f 6#
? ) @T# 9W] Z ,3 ‡C u;W z , Open ? K$
E} Short
) [4]/ Z, ,GW k 9#& A34& C YC k Ue k
Eo ¼ C» u3#<": GW Y@ YM i`) U4 ) WG [#:
RFI
A$) k )<#& A34& \4 9 JGC
;
FansY="
– ¡} Power Supply f „‹ Y° ˆ$#
Overheating
Power Supply
& <# −
l p"#^ \4# ) '#› "^ %Zo A^Z&
d# ]3 ,4 8° #f , Z, −
YZ ‡/ 7F 0 ˆ#"^X & Y k A,#: V/ ,'@ 6X " &
E,"4:
D & ) \4# ^D"C −
; & Y k UV XC 'i ,"b?
34
D
E" 'W/ 6 VM oM "de#
l ? ¥ b) YZ G#& Power Supply A LW −
D & Y ° k 6Z$# ¡} UV
k =d#4 W
k G ? 9# 7
Power Supply
Temperature Sensing Circuitry
A ) 1; k ,l ?
–# " 4 "/@ « & Y k l ? ¥­ E,"4: ]
?@0 Z> & [\
3
fC „ ’C C C C €"@ Y 3;) d# "de ?
D ' )
:0 g@ (AT) C (ATX) .^@ „:
"h# [ Šf #3) b) A@V g@ 6 (AT)
1;4 ; : oD C
E[; "# 8G7
8"G#^ ?f #3, b) => '/ "
D ?& (ATX)
^K 1; )C : D"^X
E[W) F 4 , €3; ^ YC ;;Z, U ;'4]/ "de [;)
ŸfF U4 "h# 67
8) ˆZ4 F 4 Šn € & U, 67 Z −
"h# ); !3:F ] { g@ :F U4 8)
& - i; @T# U;Z, 3 0 ,W ¡: LW g'BW
E ] { g@ ~ VM ; ,W ‘ ¡/ \4f ?&
:[i`)
YZ YT@ › cC 8) d# "h U"4 9† p# a
§p; uZ −
E 94h C Y) Š7 ¦O
Šf ")Z b'?T hnPower Supply ATX k ŸfF U4 −
!žF [4"h ¡G LT p, ,W k Power Supply C
Power On
žT '4@ ]# u# „ `:F T [4"h 9† ["4 ,Low §]"
€½ a7 ./ ["4 YZ
Power Good
Šf c) U4 g;" ,Ground
k Y Z, o [^ , hn Stand by ) ± ^ , A#/
c) U4 0 PG = +5V ? 2& We Y 9† ¦" , D 4G) ,W
E ,W k C# Ÿfo U4 LT "4,W 9"p# #
E ,W # ,$@ ./ R* f 0 ": & <#: U;Z, B
D C−
'( ¥"7 U;Z, UV W , ^"
D C '34 -M › Y "de c” g −
E'#$h ) @T# ) ‘;
POWER SUPPLY ] 1T\ ;
; bc A" N G%") %F(" !" a1) ] Short _ ` −
Filter Capacitors g bf !: Rectifier Diodes UE( Td &: ,VVf
jk JfE ,Switcher =TV i$8 I( =T ] <=> !: h MOVs
q E? 7 :2) p 2C D!E o: /=m E =n$(E, ? lf)
&1 r=;
Switching
#:b^ ]/ W # 2"3 %Ž ,,W o Power Supply YC u
E2"/ ) , ",O
D 2"3 Z ©) , )
F Ys'c
!A`h& aC hf 3] "^ %Z­ A^Z& 8"v #f b4 GW " A­ J$& N F \4& d# ]) ˆ ?& k ?&
E';) \# ="d 6X ,';) cC k Short ¢7
Switching.
) @T# ,%
(.S= ] _ ` −
] V" :" &: <=> !" a1) lf) &1 JfE : $t
p
, BJT D: +n(8" (.Sf J3 kw Collector v2m" Emitter u;$ =TV
$t
Zener Diode
=? ITd j3 Drain Source =TV ] V" :"
J3 kw Gate )$ =TV ] ExO r=[) +n(8" 18V 15V =? J!E :
q MOSFET D: +n(8" (.Sf
q E? 7 :2) 2C D!E o: ? lf) WE
p &1 JfE
&1 r=;
E2"/ ) , ",O
D Z ©) 2"3 %Ž ,,W o Power Supply YC u
MOSFET
#:b^ k
D-S
ˆ C
BJT
#:b^ k
C-E
ˆ ) & ¥" E W+ ) ? 7 ,"7 0 ]$^
F Ys'c
’fC A^Z) cC ] & Switching #:b^ ="d# GW Series Load
`hM 6#
N##& ,l <#: Power Supply #f 6X ,3
A" h G%") %F(" Rectifier Diodes UE( Td ] _ ` −
qVVf ; bc
&1 r=;
, Overcurrent Protection"# 2 £ › b) => Power Supply Y@ VM
$4& "^ %Z­ A^Z&
Switching
#:b^ % -M GW c”
E[
Y/ , Overcurrent Protection"# 2 £ › b) Power Supply Y@ VM
, ] Z#
flub-flub-flub
C tweet-tweet-tweet Ah ´" 0 'i GW
E]3 6X ,W k C YC Power Supply J Ž ¦"
F Ys'c
6 # A";X 0 Short Circuit Test ¢ #f „?M b4 GW `h­
] & ="d ,% " A­ J$& c^K \4& 4]#&Rectifier Diodes
E';)
[^C -M ­ ; ‘
‡C cC "4: A";K a #f p"#^ YZ ^"C
D
) YZ U ,'"4 "de# '? x"G ; Short ¢7 '"/ Ž Z ,!,"4:
E¢ #f p"#^ i; Ld W"v ="d Aol LW k B/F
% " A­ J$& c^K \4& 4]#& Rectifier Diodes 6 # A";X
Z ,
HFR854
u;K K) 1N400x 1^ ) W 6 # A";X =@ -M [e
C92M
u;K K) TO220 Z fT 'BW
mf '? 0 J]$4 XZ k ; A";K a
) ˆ;X @ "h 6#
E9: mf '? 0 J]$4 ^F k ; g'4"h 6# C ,9?)
Eˆ2#) g'4"h 6# C , Center-tapped G JO 8) A";K a
"h 6#
'? €" ^K mn '? ) '? 8) )<#) A";K a
[^/
Feedback
.^@ VM
& d# G: 6"i;# "4, ["4 6# c ²:F mn
Eo C u3#<": GW Y@ YM i`) ‡ "de ) 'Z/ Z,
Startup.
=TV ] &; ` −
; y% [\( +?s () switching (.S= Gate )) Base ; ES U(E
D: ;2{ :: 9; VVf" E[( @ D: Power Supply & [\ z)
q 2 ; :"
&1 r=;
.
A) & a F
Open
p"#^ GW ,2"3 % ) 6> ,,W o Power Supply YC h k GW Ž
'i
p"#^ uGW A`h& aF Short-circuit Test ¢ #f Y/ .7 €3^ k
E,"4: ‡C cC "4:
F Ys'c
Startup
k ?& A) & ) @ ,"7 ¥"7 b4 GW `h­
Ea="d 6X Open ¾C ?& ;$e XT# A) & a
#f p"#^ YC #o k fF 9† Z
a #f 7 A3KZ& a ¶3 b4 ,"" §"% A3KZ) 0
EA) &
G%" =TV N G%" =TV ] V" T 2 ! g bf !: | −
qVVf ; bc A" h
J @7 Main Filter Capacitors 8 T= g bf !: ] Open ` D; }(E
s!\: jk D; }(E ,50 Hz VV= k W$ ' ] Z= @ g$FE
Voltage Regulation
@0 U ~() $=:
F Ys'c
/ YC ? Y/ ,';) @ k ˆ '( / ¥" A3KZ& a
#f Z, −
]/ ; 3h
§] C 7C ,"7 -M L3<; L3<;) \KZ& k ˆ '(
D
E="d#4 ?$ \ \KZ& YC UV ;W,/ Power Supply d# ])
i`)
Oscilloscope
2'? <#: BC
D A3KZ& a #f Z, −
", ; A?,# k 2 ? ¤ V/ ,'( ?) k Ripples A?,#
E="d#4 ?$ 3 A3KZ& a
YC UV ;W) Y/ Power Supply
§] C =@ ? "" §"% A3KZ) W: L3<; Aol LW k −
2"3 %
Switching
#:b^ \4 -M UV c” 7 , Open A3KZ& a
g
D §]; U ,,W YC Power Supply L/ 6X ) ,2"3 A) & C
#:b^ YC ?
Power Supply
`hM ; "" §"% A3KZ) W?,
E O ["/ Switching
c^K \4& 4]#& mn k ?& §"% A3KZ) \4# ); −
'( 6"i; "4, k @e)
k UV 9# !% " A­ J$&
Voltage Regulation
Primary Output
µ" mn '? d# A3KZ) <# Aol LW k −
$4 UV , Regulator Controller'( 6"i; k ,Z$#& 4)Z#& -M Voltage
E"de# il k "# 1/^ )
"4, k @e) -M c” [34# p"#^ A3KZ& a
C k Leakage 9«
−
," µ" mn '? ³3<^ -M c” u# ,'( 6"i;
4G& ," mn '? u7 ³3<^ N# 4G&
]#) \KZ) \4 Y/ ,'( 6"i; k 6Z$#4 UC3842 K) 4)Z#) <#: ; −
O Z NM C , Startup"de# „ -M )M c” 7 4)Z#& a ‹ Vcc ¡G
'? 0 ]$^ ¦" , Cycling Behavior 6: ¡W g"/ '4e/ "de# „
E8G ; 6X 4"47 ¬K mn
#:b^ -M B^ J: 4)Z#& '"/ ) @ k [^C UV
Vcc
9:
¡G 0 ‹ d# '? ) kZ ‘ oSwitching
q 1=2% +A% € a1) O m (  8 & '( M$8) &3\: −
; f!X !" |=P ; +A% € i\ M$8) %!\"  `‚
Power
; :" ,(.Sf &: , High Power Components .
XA" ,Resistors
&1 r=;
YC C ,,W Power Supply L/ YT@ W#) h k GW ³C 'i
E #) => ] ,W
F Ys'c
k –Z& :W <#: 7 A)$4 ‚$/ 6# YC GW `h­ b4
E7 „£M ?
q 28" U D; Z= V@ r n %; −
q Jw j FFƒ K[(: :: +n(.) Z= V@ U g AF D!2E
] Feedback =" E[( U8 „A ) + I[$E , E=  %!\" &‚ o k†7
qy) %F(" =T Opto-isolator E‚
, Voltage Regulator@0 U ~ =TV
p
F Ys'c
D
J]l k 9# 7 UV Y/ LED \4 9 3"W£
Opto-isolator Y@ VM −
E,& 6" ) 0C mf '? 0
8;, 7 Y/ Shorted Out ]
) Opto-isolator k ?& Photodiode Y@ VM −
D
Startup
"de# „
k 9# 7 Y/ Open k Opto-isolator k ?& Photodiode Y@ VM −
Switching
#:b^ \4
q 67 5 WE F 45 12) s:3 # y: Z 6 D! &21E )
: F Ys'c
'#,"7 ,7 A3KZ) /£M Zz R* ) 7C .^@ VM
v
t U @ ,4 A%3 '4"de 9 9« } YF ;16v
1000uf
E9 €3; v1000uf R+ '#,"7 # A3KZ& =d
e JO ) ?n "# ‚$/ 9†
mn ¥"7 ?#) => .^@ VM ,'}e) C Ic 7805 Z"
v
t -M '( 6i;)
& Y/ ;B
D C & ]/ 9† , W # A34& 7 Œ) ';)
"4
"#3 k ¿ 0 X” / 'Z$# x cC } C 4" X '#@
E "#
"4f G YZ C ,?
D x"7 ¥" 2'? YZ YC o : ) $4)
": 7 0 X” g/ [^p „££ ]) cC C ? ¥" 2'(
E„ 6 : $
F Ys'c
E=Z \KZ& 0 ² c ./ yR+ ? :u '; ¦$^ [? J C −
‚$3^ ,f& 0 =Z A3KZ& ) m 2 } " A 6iW) W
D
¦$^ ?) => Y@ VM ,g';) @ 0 ² c ./ Rt+ N ?
EaW 9 ¦$^ ?) Y@ V [47 9
[/ u
4"@ *r+ ‡C C ) ) ) ’ d# #:b^% C YC A? −
E.4d# º=> ,'"/ Ue Z, o ? ‡C ) 6> 0
6 : $
F Ys'c
[e ) f Y?& mn 4) k ?& A? 8##
,  O [ ? b) 6( 0 94>F 0 :) #b^
Ed# [ =>
@ ‚$/ ,[4f c7 A ; YZ A2"/ $" Y@ V :i`)
D
,=Z J$& f) 0 =Z A#b^% -M oh
2"3 ) f E)Z A 4) p#: ) >
Kt ))(: @%3 ( @%; Power Supply D: ;2{
q- hX ;: 2 %. f!c v v ‰ Jˆ) x%;
p ,=(8:
F Ys'c
12
, ./ ,n : m5 8"v 0 ?& "","Z A3KZ& ="d# 67
E./ yEy , ./
[ C  O ';) C ; €" YC @T B
D C mn 0 ?& A34& 8?
EA
POWER SUPPLY FE I( '
AhC cC ] o [^/ "W" ] POWER SUPPLY ,W );
D
E & Ah „;K#:
flub-flub-
C chirp-chirp-chirp C tweet-tweet-tweet Ah POWER SUPPLY ] );
mn '? 6 k Short Circuit ¢7
l Œ”)
YZ D
Y/ ,flub
]#& Load ,l YC C ,!% " A­ J$& c^K \4& 4]#&
Current Overload
¡W ) ,& ) –@C "
D 9$ POWER SUPPLY
]3 [;Z ,W YC J Ž POWER SUPPLY YF ] a } ³W 'i
Overload
Œ”)
YZ D
b ",$# 9
Y/ Audible Whine ,)
D;"; POWER SUPPLY ] ); −
D
A`h& aC C k Short Circuit ¢7 ?
C Overload 2 ", ? BC
D
Zener Diodes
^2 A";X K)
,l YC -M =e Y/ tick-tick-tick Ah POWER SUPPLY ] ); −
E,O => [^C C ?
"
D =dh
D 9$ [ ]#&
D
"de# „ Z# POWER SUPPLY
YF ] a } ³W 'i
'? ."K 0 POWER SUPPLY 7 p"#^ ) @ k e3 u# Startup
POWER SUPPLY
", W UV ;)¸ ,"7 ; '( 6"i; ) mn
E6`) ,$
€" Ah ^"C POWER SUPPLY k ?& Inductors A34& ] −
EAol 6iW) k "W"
YZ )C D
E=dh ,$
POWER SUPPLY
", ; ,Hissing
Ž
POWER SUPPLY F :1 E=
Overload
b ",$# 9 7D O €" 2"3 YC ) @T −
:u 4Ze& 9: 1^ Startup
Short
¢7
4Ze) −
9 "^ %Zo A^Z& C % −
Emn 6"7 k 4Ze) −
Ripples
A?,# 2 9 4Ze) −
E$"$] mn 6"7 −
["4 6# c Primary O/P Voltage µ" mn '? mn '? cC −
Voltage Regulation
'( 6"i; "4,
E^"] „?M „;XC Power Supply Real Loads " " l J›F ]3 67 −
Power Supply
p# C GW ‚"<e# Dummy Loads 32 J›C "h U;Z, −
E" " l J›F "h 7 [ ^"] „?M ) „'#^o W
) 9$ ¦"$ "#f 6# YC Dummy Loads 32 J›C <#: ; −
0 \b ,l "h 6# YC , Full Load Current)Z ",$# " ) 5-20% ˆ
Primary O/P Voltage.
µ" mn '? ¡C
YZ VM ¥" b'? G: 4, ) @T#4 oD C c`: ‚$/ 9† −
u,7 B3 ¥"7 2'? ; 8G
„;XC
C p"& 0 2'( £ µ" „'Z €Z) ¥"7 6# UV W −
) ) 2'( €" o # 2'( `:C ¡C "W  YZ ¥" E U,?
`:C ]/ 6# W "@T# €" Jd YZ ,#$,/ „7 G VM −
’ ’Z , W W
,oD C vR* mn .3 €"
D
"4f &
Ea^@V
:$4)
Z,& ) Z ,,W ) YT 3#Z o −
D cd C ,U '4 d& ,W o & d ,W YC
,`K)
§"$] .3 mf ) @T# YC Z,& ) \"Z# 4 ,§"$h €ZW
dmm
^`G A ‘ 2"3 §"4] W ,2"3 k Power
Supply
JGC 94>C −
YC ‘ `hM W ,  ;h 8) h) 2"3 ?C C YC 9
o Z uW" Ze ,W YC C ,8G #) Ze ‡C C o &
4 Ž YC ) Gf ? [^C g@ ,9:l 0 c` 'i
E `h­ W ±W& F
,W ",Z YC 0 M cC Y –# ) Ah 8, −
z ",Z k 7G 6i;) ) _«# %& "# LW U; YC u;W F 4 À f .K "# 6"7 Y] ^ k 9#
7G 6i;) ) !power
cable
F 4 "::F A`"h# W?, U"4
E./ R ) K@C 3 Y@ VM hf a^C x/& J ( 8) '#^ )
k .K) ±W& YC ,9† g@ ,W ±W,4 –# ) ) @T UV W −
E$"$h G [^Z)
EEE @ A] 7G e 7G K) "/G A7G @ YC @T BC
D −
N c” G } €" ,"4: G ‡Z) k #K) A7G a
@ Á
E¢7
'"4 ?) > YW) ?C cC ? ) F 4 ‚$/ U"4 =f
D C −
E¢7 k #)
ATX Power$ '
'( " 6# [^C ¦" e "; 0 ,#W A ) 1; ,C ) −
'( 6"W; 6# 6X ,A 8C G: ,#) '? -M Œ) =d#&
D
y++ -M *t+ A3KZ& 0 87 '( YZ ,ˆ3KZ) C \KZ) G:
D
,W uZ ^$e) A3KZ& „'Z ]/ W # [^F l 9† ;
7 [^F \ o \KZ& k 0 U3) 8£ jF@ 'd3 9† Y)T
EŒ Œ) A3KZ& 9^p # A#b^ 0 Œ& '( 4 A3KZ& W −
g@ 6# UV W ,AoO 0 aw %) '? -M Œ& '( 8G u#
E x {
~)
:-# , [$4hF u;" T ˆ −
6,]) [^F ,W W
D ,GW ) U;"W ’% „'Z { U
E MBk Ue YC Y ,W o 6"4 # , ",Z 2'? f ,W"
!ŸfF 8 ¡G ˆ ²$^ U4: h mf Uw YC l
E MB { [Ze^ YC Y ,W G a } ,!c) ¦K ¡G
E2"3 ‚$3^ „G> §#3^ ,W o YC ^@T ) W −
EB ," €3^ 2"3 a=d^ open 2"3 Y@ VM −
9;? Œ) YZ # ntc ) & A ‚$/ Y`G 2"3 Z © VM −
^`G YZ YC Jg# ,} "# , '#,"7 ) ) '#,"7 A=d 2"3
'#,"7 €" ^ Œ) '7/ ] c @ 8B^ ']$3 ,=@
E o C l 8)
ŸfF ¡G h^ „'Z { Ue^ ^`G atc C A Z © VM −
$^ '( ? VM ,A3KZ& 0 87 '( ‚$3^ 6X c) ¡G 8)
E A#b^% { GW
D
@e& A ¡C 0 Ao$& mf ‚$3^ 6"4: x: ) @ Y@ VM −
E'W)
R*Qt ';) _4G& 6"i;# 4) "# 4& -M T^ mf ? VM −
E ./
:i`)
Z, [^F ;u;34 €,4 i; 6e ¥ ,W YC 9† „G> §#/ ;
D
A C ,<3#;)
YZ YC Zz ’ A3KZ& K)  JGF YZ YC
E 7 O
Eo C {  ; Y@ VM ¡W^ 6e −
Eo C 8G pC { =d ; Y@ VM ¡W^ i; −
=> › '"4 # WG YF UV ,WG7 cC 0 › ? [^C ¡W^ €,4 −
E" 'i €,4 YZ ;f: YZ ‹ &
V O Qw ?@0 = V a Š
3
:Y# ;
‚#ƒ 2'( "W
]3;) ,W f¸ ’`: =/ :- F G
D
E!)C B/C  / º2 ^ u#
0 s ,2'( 0 6';) *
& ,W
) R+ "de 8"G#^ G a }
E,l } ::F XT# o # ]3;) ?f
t++ o ’%e^ 2'( 0hF ="d 6# YC :"^K G
E[;) 4G& 4‹ 7G ",@ =/ 0 ,W # A
Z ,2'( Šn #3) x * "de 8"G# :i`)
,W ¡:
~ { .$£ g@ `K)
& Šf {£M "de 8"G#
§#34 Y C Ã#: #3) 9@ Zz 2'( , "W
D ]3;) EŒ) [;) 3 Ä<e 2'( 9:;& 1; "#f "3"@
;"]3# "?
D 2'? A3h) YC 2o G ; 64Z#^ YC 7 oD C
D
¡: `K,/
, U4# XT# 2'( „b? @ YF ,[ x ’V @ GW #
: ‰ 0 „; 7G d #Â
E F 4 ) 6 1^ −R
,W ’ % ±W& 0 ?& !T<& @ ÅZ 6p 1^ −*
.
[
’ µ ,‹ K) 2'( '"@ 6# ¡: # A $4& ) −y
E ![/`f %
E 2'( '#
) −S
E 2'( "de A: −t
E ¿ ; U4 6 C ) e A@ ) 1^ −ª
0C d -M ;?"# 2 g4@ ? „b?F 8G U4 .^@ g4@ W
D
E 7
M8 ‹; G F
1- 200 W
2- 250 W
3- 300 W
4- 350 W
5- 400 W
6- 450 W
7- 500 W
8- 600 W
0T @V 6 # ?& ¿ ~4 D 1^F ) 1^ "#f ^
#: ) A2 B/C „F §hC g4@ '#W: 7 A2 g4@ W
E2'(
:;& 7G d 1^ $# '::C 0 ^ ’fC =W) BC
D ;
1^ $# ¡: [^F ;(SATA) C (IDE) .^@ „: b<# 1^ K) 2'p4
) =K@ =>
(VGA)
J A@ F 4 BC
,g';) Z "h# € )
D
E)W
U)C 8"B
; o # 1^F U4 ) 9:;& 1; "#f 7 'w U E„
D
W YgB ) 8";]# 4 d# 1^ @) Yl { 8£ −
EBC
D "? ¥" )
j) ' $ K [( Z(‚ (:
: ';) _:C W ? ’fT d# J#: 8?
E §£ 9: Y ,W - F 1G ^ −R
E 4 "4f & , \W£ C \7 −*
E §£ 9: Y "de M ,W 2'( −y
D ’ : "de ; T?/ "# [; 8G ; 2'( −S
E`K)
E "de# ¼ ; Ze ,i#;) => > YC JZC ' −t
E§£ 9: Y ] " ^<: −ª
EÀf " \KZ& \4 ‘^ 3"3f ^2 ] YC Z,& ) −r
9 o # Y F A/ 7 ="d Ÿ  ; _:F 6iW)
E / ="d | )F ’W# UV W 9#& U
Power Supply =TV
k !A 8"G c#b^ =@ ˆ3KZ) ? k [^C ¤`^
#b^ \KZ) 0 c# Á ",Z A 234# YC ˆ
b'| Power
Supply
YC 9 8"G #:b^ * , \KZ) * <#: YC #C
u# cfF Y4 k ./RR+ Y4 LW k ./ **+ À <#:`
, 8"G #:b^ \KZ) À ",$# ./RR+ k Z,
\4# ˆ3KZ& C p3; ./RR+ NM **+) $# 2 947 ; [^C "
...
A) ) 8£ #:b^% \4 3# 7 #:b^% C
E64C Æ