HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
FINALS OF 1ST SEMESTER
▪ Vitals
UNIT 13: CLINICAL DATA REPOSITORIES
A clinical data repository collects data such as
demographics, laboratory results, radiology
images, admissions, transfers, and diagnoses
from various clinical sources like electronic
medical records or a laboratory system that
provide a full picture of a patient's care.
It plays an important role in clinical data using,
including healthcare services, because it shows
a patient’s clinical data intended to support
multiple uses. A clinical data repository collects
manage, and store data sets for data analysis,
reporting, and exchange that facilitates sharing
of this data to and among treating professionals.
TOPIC 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL DATA
REPOSITORY
There are different types of clinical data
repository based on the purpose, origin, control
and integration of their data. These include study,
EHR, registry, warehouse, collection and
federation. Brief descriptions of these types are
summarized below.
Clinical Data Repository (CDR) is a systematically
structured and gathered “storehouse” of
patient-specific data, which is usually mirrored
from a clinical application, or supplemented
with data from other clinical systems.
This is an aggregated database functions to hold
clinical data such as laboratory results,
diagnostic reports, and various clinical
documentation.
This centralized database can also collect and
store administrative and clinical data from
heterogeneous data sources (primary electronic
sources) and open access to users. CDR
contains detailed patient-centered information,
updated in a real-time environment and
organized to support quick retrieval and
facilitate arbitrary querying of the data and
analyses for reporting and research.
The common kinds of available information
include:
▪ Patient
▪ Demographics
▪ Patient’s primary health provider
▪ Medication list
▪ Allergies
▪ Hospital in-patient visits
▪ Emergency department encounters
▪ Outpatient practice visits
▪ Immunizations
▪ Diagnoses
▪ Procedures
▪ Laboratory results
▪ Social history
TOPIC 2: CLINICAL DATA WAREHOUSES
Clinical data warehouse or data warehouse is
repository of information from clinical, and
sometimes research, records from a single
organization: This serves as storage for
retrospective analysis and reporting of
aggregate views of the enterprise's clinical,
operational, and financial performance.
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
UNIT 14: ETHICS, PRIVACY, AND SECURITY
The development, planning and delivery of
healthcare services relies on health information.
Health informatics deals with how health data
are collected, stored, manipulated, transmitted
and transformed electronically into health
information suitable for administrative and
clinical decision-making, management, study
and planning. Recent developments in health
informatics technology pose new ethical
problems to a health system. Holding the
promise of benefit, these innovations are
expected to improve access, enhance
efficiency and high care costs.
Nevertheless, elements of these innovations
clash with the ethical principles of autonomy,
fidelity, and justice. Therefore, healthcare
professionals which are integrally involved in the
creation, preparation, and provision of this
health information should be in compliance with
the highest ethical standards.
This unit explains the ethical principles inherent to
health information technology or health
informatics. This will also provide various security
measures in a hospital information system and
will explain briefly the Data Privacy Act of 2012
TOPIC 1: ETHICS IN HEALTH INFORMATICS
Ethical problems in health informatics are less
common, although some of them have gained
attention for decades. In fact, health informatics
is now a focus of some of the most relevant and
fascinating ethical debates in all healthcare
professions. Although confidentiality and privacy
are both vitally essential and relevant, the field is
rich in other ethical issues listed below:
▪ Appropriate informatics tools in clinical setting
▪ Determination of user
▪ Role of system evaluation
▪ System development
▪ Obligations of system developers,
maintainers, and vendors
▪ Protection of private patient
information
▪ Patient safety
▪ Risk assessment
▪ Reporting design and data display
▪ System implementation
▪ Research ethics
▪ Liability
▪ User involvement and accessibility
▪ Ethical dilemmas resulting from
FINALS OF 1ST SEMESTER
Ethical
standards
for
the
effective
implementation of the decision-making support
framework include:
1. Qualified human beings remain best
equipped to provide for human health services.
Consequently, computer software does not
overrule a human judgment.
2. Practitioners who use informatics tools should
be clinically qualified and
adequately trained in using the software
products.
3. The tools themselves should be carefully
evaluated and validated.
4. Health informatics tools and applications
should be evaluated not only in terms of
efficiency and efficacy, but also in terms of their
impact on organizations,
institutional cultures, and workplace social
forces.
5. Ethical responsibilities will apply to system
developers, maintainers, and
supervisors as well as to clinician users.
6. Education programs and protection measures
should be considered necessary to
protect confidentiality and privacy while
ensuring appropriate access to sensitive
information about patients.
7. Adequate oversight should be established to
maximize the ethical and legal use
for scientific and research study of electronic
patient information
Ethics in health information technology evolved
from medicine, ethics and computer science.
Similarities between the concepts of ethics in
medicine and ethics in computer science, exist
in the areas of respect for subjects, privacy, and
doing no harm.
Health Informatics Ethics deals with the
application of the principles of ethics in the
domain of health informatics. It is all about the
ethical behavior expected from an individual
assigned to handle information. Basically, there
are three aspects of health informatics:
healthcare, information, and software.
General Ethics guide the reasoning and
decision-making of all people and organization
involved in health care. Social interactions
dealing with norms and values are guided by
ethics. It covers six major principles, which need
to be adhered by every member of the society.
1. Autonomy
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
FINALS OF 1ST SEMESTER
This is the idea of either allowing individuals to
make their own decisions in response to a
particular societal context..
2. Beneficence
TOPIC 2:
SECURITY
This means “do good” and relates most
significantly to the usage of stored data in the
EHR system
UNIT
15:
CHANGE
TELEMEDICINE
CONFIDENTIALITY,
AND
MANAGEMENT
AND
*DI NA ATA ITO KASALI*
Changes that exist in an organization can often
be identified as one of these four Types, with the
definite possibility of overlap among them:
3. Non-maleficence
It means “do no harm” and relates to how the
stored data is protected. All persons have a duty
to prevent harm to other persons insofar as it lies
within their power to do so without undue harm
to themselves.
4. Justice/Equality
The fair distribution of resources
responsibilities among individuals.
PRIVACY,
and
5. Impossibility
All rights and duties shall be subject to the
condition that they must be satisfied in the
circumstances obtained.
6. Integrity
Whoever has an obligation has a corresponding
duty to fulfil that obligation to the best of her or
his ability, with utmost honesty and diligence.
Information Ethics describes the ethical conduct
expected of individuals entrusted to handle
data and information as recommended by the
International Association of Medical Informatics
(2016).
The following are the seven principles that
defines information ethics:
Operational changes influence the way the
ongoing activities of the organization are
performed, such as the automation of a
particular area. Strategic changes occur in the
strategic business direction such as moving from
an inpatient to an outpatient focus.
Cultural
changes
influence
the
basic
organizational philosophies by which the
company is conducted out like the introduction
of a continuous quality improvement program
(CQI).
Political changes in staffing occur primarily for
political reasons of various types, such as those
that occur at top patronage job levels in
government agencies. Generally, these four
different forms of change have their greatest
effect at different organizational levels.
Change Management is a systematic approach
to transitioning individuals, teams, and
organizations to achieve or execute a vision and
plan from a current state to a desired future
state.
It is a discipline that directs how organizations
plan, train and help individuals to effectively
implement change in order to achieve
organizational progress and outcomes.
MODELS OF CHANGE
a. Lewin's change management model
This is a 3-step approach to change behavior
that reflects the process of melting and
reshaping an ice cube.
Software Engineering Ethics deals with the
ethical duties, responsibilities, and activities
carried out by software developers to the
stakeholders (patient, healthcare professionals,
institutions/employers, society and profession).
b. Proski’s ADKAR model
A people-centered approach to facilitate
change at the individual level. The acronym
stands for Awareness (awareness of the need to
change), Desire (desire to participate in and
support the change), Knowledge (knowledge of
how to change), Ability (ability to implement the
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
change), and Reinforcement (reinforcement to
sustain the change)
c. Kotter's 8-step change model
A process that uses employee experience to
reduce resistance and accept change.
d. Kubler-Rossc hange curve
A strategy that breaks down how people
process change using the 5 stages of grief. The
five stages are denial, anger, bargaining,
depression and acceptance.
e. McKinsey 7s model:
A process centered around the alignment of
seven
fundamental
elements
of
any
organization. Hard elements (easiest to identify
and control) include strategy, structure and
system while soft elements (more subjective and
difficult to change) include shared values, staff,
style, and skills.
f. PDCA
PDCA is a cyclical and iterative change
management process focused on continuous
improvement.
g. Bridges Transition Model
A people-centered model focused on
managing people's experience transitioning to
change.
Change management is a proactive process in
which performance is retrospectively measured.
The four key factors that can help organizations
to achieve a successful change initiative include
 strategic focus,
 strong leadership,
 cross-functional working,
 robust planning.
KEY FACTORS AT THE LEADERSHIP LEVEL IN
HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS
FINALS OF 1ST SEMESTER
5. Manage users’ expectations; prepare them
for casualties, stress, and general sense of
ambiguity
KEY SUCCESS FACTORS AT THE PROGRAM LEVEL
1. Communication – clear and frequent
dissemination of information
2. Building a strong project leadership
team/steering
team
and
other
action/functional teams
3. Providing education and training on the new
changes – work flow and technology
4. Forming integrated problem-solving teams to
address critical and complex issues
5. Empowering staff and end-users to change
things, by removing barriers and
obstacles
6. Adoption-make the change stick by
reinforcement, until old traditions are replaced
with new
7. Frequently celebrate success by honoring
contributors to keep the motivation and
momentum
8. Monitor and measure key indicators – using a
dashboard to report progress and
benchmarks
9. Involve those affected by the change in
decision-making– e.g.choice of computer
carts, COW
10.Other creative actions e.g. monthly prizes for
high performing teams, provide snacks & drinks
WORKING WITH PHYSICIANS
TRAINING
AND
EDUCATION
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
IN
HEALTH
TOPIC 2: HEALTH INFORMATION PROFESSION
Health Information Management (HIM) is the
process of collecting, reviewing and preserving
digital and traditional medical information
which is essential to the quality of patient care.
TELEMEDICINE
1. Setting vision and strategy road map
2. Formation of a governance board to set
direction, to prioritize work, and to allocate
resources
3.
Designate
an
executive
sponsor,
departmental
champions, and
program
manager
4. Define reporting requirements for status
reporting in order to keep projects moving
forward
The healthcare industry stands to benefit greatly
from the strong economic growth of the
Philippines, but it may also face new,
unprecedented challenges. The opportunity lies
in the new avenues of service that technology is
opening up.
New and expanded types of services in the
health care industry, such as Telemedicine,
which aid in the remote diagnosis and treatment
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
of patients by means of telecommunications
technology, allows patients to access medical
expertise in more convenient ways, providing
ease of access and potential cost savings for the
patient.
Potential of innovative work in voice, non-voice,
information technology, and analytics coming
from the pharmaceutical businesses, health IT,
and from the provider- and-payor-centric
processes. Filipinos have now become gadget
savvy. Registered Internet users in the Philippines
reached 47 million in the January 2016
Compendium of Global Online, Social and
Mobile Information, Trend and Statistics, and 48
million Filipinos are active users of the social
media. This can be an opportunity in the
integration of health informatics in the
Philippines. Other ASEAN countries, such as
Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia have started
adopting health care IT solution to bring the
sector to the next level. Singapore developed
the National Electronic Health Record which
permits the access of patient’s record by the
health care practitioners. In 1993, Malaysia
developed Hospital Information System with its
first telemedicine project in 1996 and in 2010,
Thailand created its National Health Information
Committee.
The Department of Health in Region IV-B has
launched the first interactive telemedicine
system in Marinduque and seemingly the entire
country, at the Dr. Damian J. Reyes Provincial
Hospital. This system currently provides medical
consultations and diagnostics through video
calls.
…
The country has developed an e-Health
Strategic Framework and Plan for 2014-2020
which aims to utilize information and
communication technologies in the health
sector.
TOPIC 3: TELEMEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
Telemedicine came from two words: tele-,
meaning “to or at a distance”, and -medicine.
According to the American Telemedicine
Association, this is the “use of medical
information exchanged from one site to another
via electronic communications to improve a
patient’s clinical health status.” It requires the
FINALS OF 1ST SEMESTER
formulation of diagnoses and treatment
decisions based on data and health information
transmitted through the telecommunications
network. Nowadays, a growing range of apps
and devices such as SMS, mobile phones, twoway video conferencing, and email are being
used.
History
The Telemedicine Network of the Philippines (TNP)
was founded and held its first teleconference
network meeting on May 18, 2016. This network
is the first to connect hospitals across the country
simultaneously, using the DOST developed
network server. TNP seeks to provide continuous
collaborative
medical
education
and
eventually use technology as a way of reaching
out patients in the future.
WHAT ARE THE EVIDEN TELEMEDICINES IN THE PH?
WHAT ARE THE PLANS OF DOH FOR HEALTH?
- Health For All
- …
LEARNING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
❑ software that allows the management
samples, test results and associated data to
improve lab productivity.
❑ designed to help process information in
medical research to improve the efficiency of
the department’s services laboratory operations
by reducing manual tasks and procedures.
❑ commonly used in conjunction with LIS in
medical and pharmaceutical industries.
❑ Allows to effectively manage samples and
associated data to improve lab efficiency.
❑ Automate workflows, integrate instruments,
and manage samples and associated
information.
❑ Produce accurate, reproducible results, faster
and more reliably.
❑ Makes data from sequencing runs easier to
store, track, and assess over time and across
experiments.
❑ Evaluate and improve operational efficiency.
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
LABORATORY STANDARDS
LIMS APPLICATION
WORKLIST AND WORKFLOW
QUALITY CONTROL
Basahin mo nalang sa ppt!!
HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
→aka Healthcare Information System
→ computer system structured to manage all
records of health care providers to make
available information and reports available to
healthcare personnel in doing their job more
efficiently
→ comprehensive information system used to
collect,
store,
process,
retrieve,
and
communicate patient care and administrative
information for all hospital-affiliated activities
and to satisfy the functional requirements of all
authorized users in a hospital
FINALS OF 1ST SEMESTER
→ comprehensive, integrated information
system built for managing the operations in
running health care facilities
→gather, process, retrieve patient information,
and provide hospital stakeholders with relevant
information for better decision-making
HIS FUNCTIONS
1.
HELP
DESK,
SCHEDULING,
PATIENT
REGISTRATION
A. Help Desk
→ provides clients with information and
guidelines associated with the company’s or
institution ’ s products and services without
hassle
→ manual retrieval of information is no longer
needed
B. Scheduling
→ helps save time and make employee
scheduling less difficult
→ access work schedules from anywhere and
discuss scheduling
preferences through HIS
C. Patient Registration
→records the name, age, gender, marital status,
and other relevant information regarding the
patient used for record-keeping and account
management
2. ADMISSION, DISCHARGE AND TRANSFER
A. Admission
→ when an admission counselor gather
preliminary information, offer vital information
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
concerning the hospital stay, and answers
questions if there is any. The physician may also
schedule recurring medical exams (Lab Test or
X-rays)
B. Discharge
→ provides instructions that include patient ’ s
transfer or discharge planning which details
services needed to be administered after the
hospital stay to ensure full recovery of the
patient
C. Transfer
→means movement (along with discharge) of
an individual outside of the hospital premises at
the instruction of any authorized hospital
personnel
→does not include movement of an individual
who:
(a)Has been declared lifeless
(b)Leaves the facility without the permission of
any authorized personnel
3. BILLING, CONTRACT MANAGEMENT, AND
PACKAGE DEAL DESIGNER
A. Billing Statements
→shows all records pertaining to the invoices,
payments, and the current balance of a patient’
s account
→ HIS lists the outstanding balances of the
patient
→generate the billing statement on a regular
basis so that the institution could keep track of its
collectibles
→ overdue payments may be checked easily
and balances of patients are kept updated
B. Contract Management
C. Package Deal Designer
LABORATORY, RADIOLOGY, AND CARDIOLOGY
REPORTING
MATERIALS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – PHARMACY,
MAIN STORES, AND PURCHASE
IN-BUILT TALLY INTERFACE
Basahin sa ppt!!
A BASIC INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT ACCESS
Ms Access
 - is a database management tool that
enables one to have good command of
data collected. The programme enables
one to retrieve, sort, summarize and
report results speedily and effectively.
FINALS OF 1ST SEMESTER
Table
- is the heart and soul of a database. It is
where data are stored.
Tables - It is composed of rows and columns, to
store your data. Queries- to find and retrieve
specific
data
of
interest.
Forms - to view, add, and update data in tables.
Reports -to analyze or print data in a specific
layout.
Data access pages- to view or update, the data.

Creating a table Tables are the data storage
facilities in Ms Access. Each table contains rows
called records and columns called fields.
record - is a collection of facts about a particular
animal or event. Each record in a table should
be unique.
field - is a single kind of fact that may apply to
each animal or event. Described a specific unit
of data
DATASHEET TAB COMMANDS
• Views - It changes the view to either Design
View, Datasheet View, PivotTable View, or
PivotChart View.
• New Field - It allows you to add a new field
coming from a list of field templates usually
displayed at the right portion of MS Access. Just
double click the field you intend to add.
• Add Existing Fields- It allows you to add a new
field coming from an existing table.
• LookUp Column - It allows you to add a
possible values in a column which you can
choose from. This contains series of dialog box
for you to fill-in to complete the procedure.
• Insert- It allows you to insert a new field
• Delete -It allows you to delete the active field
• Rename - It allows you to rename a field name
• Data Type - It allows you to change the data
type of a field.
• Format -It allows you to set the format of a field.
It is only available to Number and Date/Time
data type.
• Unique - It allows the field to accept unique (no
duplicate) value
• Is required - It sets the field to have a value
always, Null is not accepted. Null means no
value. It means that a value is always required.
• Relationships - It allows you to create a
relationship among tables
• Object Dependencies -It shows you the
different object that is dependent on the current
table.