Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: NSTP1-1STSEM-2020-2021
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
Bayombong Campus
DEGREE PROGRAM
All Courses
COURSE NO.
SPECIALIZATION
All Courses
COURSE TITLE
YEAR LEVEL
1
TIME FRAME
I.
NSTP 1 – CWTS1/LTS1
Literacy Training Services 1
Community Welfare Training Services 1
WK NO. 3
IM NO.
3HRS
3
UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE
Lesson III : Leadership & Team Building
II.
LESSON TITLE
a. Leadership
1. 10 huge differences between a boss and a leader
2. 9 common leadership styles
3. Top 10 leadership soft skills
4. Top 10 leadership qualities that make good leaders
III.
LESSON OVERVIEW
As NSTP students, they should be trained to be leaders in theor own community
in times of emergencies and disasters. On this topic the students will learn how to be an
effective leader, they will learn the basic concepts of a leader as well as the skills or
anything needed to be a good leader.
IV.
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. define leadership in their own perspective
b. appreciate the skills, styles and qualities of a leader
c. express through a slogan or poster the leader that they are dreaming of.
V.
LESSON CONTENT
A. LEADERSHIP
1. Creating an Inspiring Vision of the Future
In business, a vision is a realistic, convincing and attractive depiction of where you
want to be in the future. Vision provides direction, sets priorities, and provides a marker,
so that you can tell that you've achieved what you wanted to achieve.
2. Motivating and Inspiring People
A compelling vision provides the foundation for leadership. But it's leaders' ability
to motivate and inspire people that helps them deliver that vision.
Effective leaders link together two different expectations:
a. The expectation that hard work leads to good results.
b. The expectation that good results lead to attractive rewards or incentives
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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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3. Managing Delivery of the Vision
Leaders must ensure that the work needed to deliver the vision is properly
managed – either by themselves, or by a dedicated manager or team of managers to
whom the leader delegates this responsibility – and they need to ensure that their vision
is delivered successfully.
4. Coaching and Building a Team to Achieve the Vision
Individual and team development are important activities carried out by
transformational leaders. To develop a team, leaders must first understand team
dynamics.
B. 10 HUGE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A BOSS AND A LEADER
1. Leaders are compassionate human beings; bosses are cold.
It can be easy to equate professionalism with robot-like impersonal behavior. Many
bosses stay holed up in their offices and barely ever interact with staff.
A lack of compassion in the office leads to psychological turmoil, whereas positive
connection leads to healthier staff.
If people feel that you are being open, honest and compassionate with them, they
will feel able to approach your office with what is on their minds, leading to a more
productive and stress-free work environment.
2. Leaders say “we”; bosses say “I”.
A “we” mentality shifts the office dynamic from “trying to make the boss happy” to
a spirit of teamwork, goal-setting, and accomplishment.
A “we” mentality allows for the accountability and community that is essential in
the modern day workplace.
3. Leaders develop and invest in people; bosses use people.
Unfortunately, many office climates involve people using others to get what they
want or to climb the corporate ladder. This is another example of the “me first” mentality
that is so toxic in both office environments and personal relationships.
Instead of using others or focusing on your needs, think about how you can help
other people grow.
4. Leaders respect people; bosses are fear-mongering.
Earning respect from everyone on your team will take time and commitment, but
the rewards are worth every ounce of effort.
Work to build respect among your team by treating everyone with fairness and
kindness. Maintain a positive tone and stay reliable for those who approach you for help.
5. Leaders give credit where it’s due; bosses only take credits.
Don’t be tempted to take credit for things you didn’t do, and always go above and
beyond to generously acknowledge those who worked on a project and performed well.
6. Leaders see delegation as their best friend; bosses see it as an enemy.
Encourage trust in your office by delegating important tasks and acknowledging
that your people are capable, smart individuals who can succeed!
Delegation is a great way to cash in on the positive benefits of a psychological
phenomenon called a self-fulfilling prophecy. In a self-fulfilling prophecy, a person’s
expectations of another person can cause the expectations to be fulfilled.
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7. Leaders work hard; bosses let others do the work.
Showing others that you work hard sets the tone for your whole team and will spur
them on to greatness.
The next time you catch yourself telling someone to “go”, a.k.a accomplish a
difficult task alone, change your phrasing to “let’s go”, showing that you are totally willing
to help and support.
8. Leaders think long-term; bosses think short-term.
A leader who only utilizes short-term thinking is someone who cannot be prepared
or organized for the future. Your colleagues or staff members need to know that they can
trust you to have a handle on things not just this week, but next month or even next year.
9. Leaders are like your colleagues; bosses are just bosses.
Another word for colleague is collaborator. Make sure your team knows that you
are “one of them” and that you want to collaborate or work side by side.
Not getting involved in the going ons of the office is a mistake because you will
miss out on development and connection opportunities.
10. Leaders put people first; bosses put results first.
Ignoring people’s opinions for the sake of company tradition like this is never truly
beneficial to an organization.
C. 9 COMMON LEADERSHIP STYLES
1. Transformational leadership
Often considered among the most desirable employees, people who show
transformational leadership typically inspire staff through effective communication and by
creating an environment of intellectual stimulation.
However, these individuals are often blue-sky thinkers and may require more
detail-oriented managers to successfully implement their strategic visions.
2. Charismatic leadership
There is a certain amount of overlap between charismatic and transformational
leadership. Both styles rely heavily on the positive charm and personality of the leader in
question.
However, charismatic leadership is usually considered less favourable, largely
because the success of projects and initiatives is closely linked to the presence of the
leader. While transformational leaders build confidence in a team that remains when they
move on, the removal of a charismatic leader typically leaves a power vacuum.
3. Transactional leadership
Transactional leadership is focused on group organization, establishing a clear
chain of command and implementing a carrot-and-stick approach to management
activities.
It is considered transactional because leaders offer an exchange; they reward
good performances, while punishing bad practice. While this can be an effective way of
completing short-term tasks, employees are unlikely to reach their full creative potential
in such conditions.
4. Servant leadership
People who practice servant leadership prefer power-sharing models of authority,
prioritizing the needs of their team and encouraging collective decision-making.
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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: NSTP1-1STSEM-2020-2021
Research by Catalyst has claimed this style, described as altruistic leadership by
the company, can improve diversity and boost morale. However, detractors suggest
servant leaders lack authority and suffer a conflict of interest by putting their employees
ahead of business objectives.
5. Laissez-faire leadership
More commonly used to describe economic environments, laissez-faire literally
means “let them do” in French. This is typically translated to “let it be”. As such, laissezfaire leaders are characterized by their hands-off approach, allowing employees to get on
with tasks as they see fit.
This can be effective in creative jobs or workplaces where employees are very
experienced. However, it is important that leaders monitor performance and effectively
communicate expectations to prevent work standards slipping.
6. Autocratic leadership
A more extreme version of transactional leadership, autocratic leaders have
significant control over staff and rarely consider worker suggestions or share power.
Ruling with an iron fist is rarely appreciated by staff, which can lead to high turnover
and absenteeism. There can also be a lack of creativity due to strategic direction coming
from a single individual.
This leadership style is best suited to environments where jobs are fairly routine or
require limited skills. It is also common in military organizations.
7. Bureaucratic leadership
Bureaucratic leadership models are most often implemented in highly regulated or
administrative environments, where adherence to the rules and a defined hierarchy are
important.
These leaders ensure people follow the rules and carry out tasks by the book.
Naturally, this works well in certain roles – such as health and safety – but can stifle
innovation and creativity in more agile, fast-paced companies.
8. Democratic leadership
Also known as participative leadership, this style – as the name suggests – means
leaders often ask for input from team members before making a final decision.
Workers usually report higher levels of job satisfaction in these environments and
the company can benefit from better creativity. On the downside, the democratic process
is normally slower and may not function well in workplaces where quick decision-making
is crucial.
9. Situational leadership
Developed by management experts Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard in 1969,
situational leadership is a theory that the best leaders utilise a range of different styles
depending on the environment.
Factors such as worker seniority, the business process being performed and the
complexity of relevant tasks all play an important role in what leadership style to adopt for
any given situation. For example, situational leaders may adopt a democratic leadership
style when discussing commercial direction with senior executives, but switch to a
bureaucratic strategy when relaying new factory protocols to workers.
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IM No.: NSTP1-1STSEM-2020-2021
D. TOP 10 LEADERSHIP SOFT SKILLS
1. Communication
As a leader, you need to be able to clearly and succinctly explain to your
employees everything from organizational goals to specific tasks. Leaders must master
all forms of communication, including one-on-one, departmental, and full-staff
conversations, as well as communication via the phone, email, and social media.
A large part of communication involves listening. Therefore, leaders should
establish a steady flow of communication between themselves and their staff or team
members, either through an open-door policy or regular conversations with workers.
Leaders should make themselves regularly available to discuss issues and concerns with
employees. Other skills related to communication include:
 Active listening
 Facilitating group conversations
 Articulating
 Nonverbal communication
 Business storytelling
 Presentation
 Clarity
 Public speaking
 Concision
 Reading body language
 Correspondence
 Reducing ambiguity
 Editing
 Verbal communication
 Explaining
 Written communication
 Expression
2. Motivation
Leaders need to inspire their workers to go the extra mile for their organizations; just
paying a fair salary to employees is typically not enough inspiration (although it is
important too). There are a number of ways to motivate your workers: you may build
employee self-esteem through recognition and rewards, or by giving employees new
responsibilities to increase their investment in the company.
Leaders must learn what motivators work best for their employees or team members
to encourage productivity and passion. Skills related to effective motivation include:
 Allowing employee autonomy
 Providing rewards
 Asking for input
 Recognizing others
 Assessing interests of staff
 Setting effective goals
 Convincing
 Team-building
 Mentoring
 Thanking staff
 Open to employee concerns
 Understanding employee differences
 Persuasive

 Providing productive and
challenging work
3. Delegating
Leaders who try to take on too many tasks by themselves will struggle to get
anything done. These leaders often fear that delegating tasks is a sign of weakness, when
in fact it is a sign of a strong leader.
Therefore, you need to identify the skills of each of your employees, and assign duties
to each employee based on his or her skill set. By delegating tasks to staff members, you
can focus on other important tasks. Some skills that make a good delegator include:
 Accepting feedback from
 Defining expectations
employees
 Evaluating employee performance
 Allotting resources for employees
 Identifying measurable outcomes
 Assessing employee strengths
 Matching the task to the right
and weaknesses
employee
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IM No.: NSTP1-1STSEM-2020-2021


Prioritizing tasks
Setting expectations
 Teamwork



Time management
Training
Trust in employees
4. Positivity
A positive attitude can go a long way in an office. You should be able to laugh at
yourself when something doesn't go quite as planned; this helps create a happy and
healthy work environment, even during busy, stressful periods. Simple acts like asking
employees about their vacation plans will develop a positive atmosphere in the office, and
raise morale among staff members. If employees feel that they work in a positive
environment, they will be more likely to want to be at work, and will therefore be more
willing to put in the long hours when needed.
Some skills that help make for a positive atmosphere in the workplace include:
 Caring
 Helping others
 Conflict management
 Humor
 Developing rapport
 Interpersonal
 Diplomacy
 Positive reinforcement
 Encouraging
 Respect
 Empathetic
 Social
 Friendliness
5. Trustworthiness
Employees need to be able to feel comfortable coming to their manager or leader
with questions and concerns. It is important for you to demonstrate your integrity –
employees will only trust leaders they respect.
By being open and honest, you will encourage the same sort of honesty in your
employees. Here are some skills and qualities that will help you convey your
trustworthiness as a leader:
 Ability to apologize
 Empathy
 Accountability
 Honesty
 Business ethics
 Integrity
 Confidentiality
 Moral compass
 Conscientious
 Reliability
 Consistent in behavior towards
 Respectfulness
employees
 Standing up for what is right
 Credibility
 Thoughtful
 Emotional intelligence
6. Creativity
As a leader, you have to make a number of decisions that do not have a clear
answer; you therefore need to be able to think outside of the box.
Learning to try nontraditional solutions, or approaching problems in nontraditional
ways, will help you to solve an otherwise unsolvable problem. Most employees will also
be impressed and inspired by a leader who doesn't always choose the safe, conventional
path. Here are some skills related to creative thinking:
 Analytical
 Identifying patterns
 Cognitive flexibility
 Imaginative
 Conceptualization
 Innovative
 Critical thinking
 Listening to others’ ideas
 Curiosity
 Making abstract connections
 Embracing different cultural
 Observation
perspectives
 Open-mindedness
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

Problem solving
Sound judgment


Synthesizing
Visionary
7. Feedback
Leaders should constantly look for opportunities to deliver useful information to
team members about their performance. However, there is a fine line between offering
employees advice and assistance, and micromanaging. By teaching employees how to
improve their work and make their own decisions, you will feel more confident delegating
tasks to your staff.
Employees will also respect a leader who provides feedback in a clear but
empathetic way. Some skills for giving clear feedback include:
 Being open to receiving feedback
 Frequent feedback
 Building confidence in employees
 Listening to employees’
 Clarity
responses
 Clearly laying out expectations
 Mentoring
 Coaching
 Positive reinforcement
 Following up
 Providing specific advice
 Respectful
8. Responsibility
A leader is responsible for both the successes and failures of his or her team.
Therefore, you need to be willing to accept blame when something does not go correctly.
If your employees see their leader pointing fingers and blaming others, they will
lose respect for you. Accept mistakes and failures, and then devise clear solutions for
improvement. Here are some skills and qualities that help leaders convey their
responsibility:
 Acknowledging mistakes
 Listening to feedback from employees
 Being open to customer
and managers
feedback
 Project planning
 Evaluating best solutions
 Reflectiveness
 Forecasting
 Resolving problems
 Learning from past mistakes
 Transparency
 Trouble shooting
9. Commitment
It is important for leaders to follow through with what they agree to do. You should
be willing to put in the extra hours to complete an assignment; employees will see this
commitment and follow your example.
Similarly, when you promise your staff a reward, such as an office party, you should
always follow through. A leader cannot expect employees to commit to their jobs and their
tasks if he or she cannot do the same. Some skills related to commitment in the workplace
include:
 Applying feedback
 Passion
 Commitment to company objectives  Perseverance
 Determination
 Prioritization
 Embracing professional
 Professionalism
development
 Team player
 Following through
 Work ethi
 Keeping promises
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Republic of the Philippines
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10. Flexibility
Mishaps and last-minute changes always occur at work. Leaders need to
be flexible, accepting whatever changes come their way. Employees will appreciate your
ability to accept changes in stride and creatively problem solve.
Similarly, leaders must be open to suggestions and feedback. If your staff is dissatisfied
with an aspect of the office environment, listen to their concern and be open to making
necessary changes. Employees will appreciate a leader's ability to accept appropriate
feedback. Skills related to flexibility include:
 Ability to learn new skills
 Negotiating
 Ability to respond to new
 Open to feedback
problems or issues
 Recognizing individuals’ strengths
 Adaptability
and skills
 Improvising
 Treating employees as individuals
E. TOP 10 LEADERSHIP QUALITIES THAT MAKE GOOD LEADERS
“A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way.”
1. Honesty and Integrity
The 34th President of United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower once said, “The
supreme quality of leadership is unquestionably integrity. Without it, no real success
is possible, no matter whether it is on a section gang, a football field, in an army, or in an
office.” Honesty and integrity are two important ingredients which make a good leader.
How can you expect your followers to be honest when you lack these qualities yourself?
Leaders succeed when they stick to their values and core beliefs and without ethics, this
will not be possible.
2. Confidence
To be an effective leader, you should be confident enough to ensure that other
follow your commands. If you are unsure about your own decisions and qualities, then
your subordinates will never follow you. As a leader, you have to be oozing with
confidence, show some swagger and assertiveness to gain the respect of your
subordinates. This does not mean that you should be overconfident, but you should at
least reflect the degree of confidence required to ensure that your followers trust you as
a leader.
3. Inspire Others
Probably the most difficult job for a leader is to persuade others to follow. It can
only be possible if you inspire your followers by setting a good example. When the going
gets tough, they look up to you and see how you react to the situation. If you handle it
well, they will follow you. As a leader, should think positive and this positive approach
should be visible through your actions. Stay calm under pressure and keep the motivation
level up. As John Quincy Adams puts it, “If your actions inspire others to dream more,
learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.” If you are successful in
inspiring your subordinates, you can easily overcome any current and future challenge
easily.
4. Commitment and Passion
Your teams look up to you and if you want them to give them their all, you will have
to be passionate about it too. When your teammates see you getting your hands dirty,
they will also give their best shot. It will also help you to gain the respect of your
subordinates and infuse new energy in your team members, which helps them to perform
better. If they feel that you are not fully committed or lacks passion, then it would be an
uphill task for the leader to motivate your followers to achieve the goal.
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5. Good Communicator
Until you clearly communicate your vision to your team and tell them the strategy
to achieve the goal, it will be very difficult for you to get the results you want. Simply put,
if you are unable to communicate your message effectively to your team, you can never
be a good leader. A good communicator can be a good leader. Words have the power to
motivate people and make them do the unthinkable. If you use them effectively, you can
also achieve better results.
6. Decision-Making Capabilities
Apart from having a futuristic vision, a leader should have the ability to take the
right decision at the right time. Decisions taken by leaders have a profound impact on
masses. A leader should think long and hard before taking a decision but once the
decision is taken, stand by it. Although, most leaders take decisions on their own, but it is
highly recommended that you consult key stakeholders before taking a decision. After all,
they are the ones who will benefit or suffer from your decisions.
7. Accountability
When it comes to accountability, you need to follow the approach highlighted by
Arnold H Glaslow when he said, “A good leader takes little more than his share of the
blame and little less than his share of the credit.” Make sure that every one of your
subordinates is accountable for what they are doing. If they do well, give them a pat on
the back but if they struggle, make them realize their mistakes and work together to
improve. Holding them accountable for their actions will create a sense of responsibility
among your subordinates and they will go about the business more seriously.
8. Delegation and Empowerment
You cannot do everything, right. It is important for a leader to focus on key
responsibilities while leaving the rest to others. By that, I mean empowering your followers
and delegating tasks to them. If you continue to micromanage your subordinates, it will
develop a lack of trust and more importantly, you will not be able to focus on important
matters, as you should be. Delegate tasks to your subordinates and see how they
perform. Provide them with all the resources and support they need to achieve the
objective and give them a chance to bear the responsibility.
9. Creativity and Innovation
What separates a leader from a follower? Steve Jobs, the greatest visionary of our
time answers this question this way, “Innovation distinguishes between a leader and
a follower.” In order to get ahead in today’s fast-paced world, a leader must be creative
and innovative at the same time. Creative thinking and constant innovation is what makes
you and your team stand out from the crowd. Think out of the box to come up with unique
ideas and turn those ideas and goals into reality.
10. Empathy
Last but certainly not the least, is empathy. Leaders should develop empathy with
their followers. Unfortunately, most leaders follow a dictatorial style and neglect empathy
altogether. Due to this, they fail to make a closer connection with their followers.
Understanding the problems of your followers and feeling their pain is the first step to
become an effective leader. Even that is not enough until you work hard and provide your
followers with the suitable solution to their problems.
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VI.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
1. Make a slogan or poster about leadership. The content should be about a leader
that you want in your community.
VII. ASSIGNMENT
1. Look for articles about team building, read it and make a reaction paper about
the article that you have read.
VIII. EVALUATION (Note: Not to be included in the student’s copy of the IM)
a. Guide Questions
1. What is leadership and your perception to be a good leader?
2. Can you be a good leader in your community? How?
3. Do we still have good leaders that we can rely on? Why?
4. In your own community, what are instances that you can lead your
community?
IX.
REFERENCES
A. Book/Printed Resources
a. Chauhan, Anita M. et.el.2003. NSTP Resource Book on Community Organizing and
Extension. PAEPI Inc.
b. Covey, Stephen R. 1990. Principle Centered Leadership.
Simon & Schuester, NY.
c. Guzman, Evalyn & Tierra, Rizza Joy. 2007. Leadership Effectiveness of Students in
the College of Arts and Sciences. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, University
of Northern Philippines
d. Viray, Firma C. 2003. Handbook in Civic Welfare Services.
Grandwater Publication, Makati City
B. e-Resources
a. https://www.bing.com/search?q=drug+addiction&form=PRPHEN&pc=u477&httpsmsn
=1&msnews=1&refig=8d10aa12c6ce4debb8d07daf3bf52c61&sp=1&pq=drug+addiction&sc=814&qs=n&sk=&cvid=8d10aa12c6ce4debb8d07daf3bf52c61
b. https://www.bing.com/search?q=nstp&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&pq=nstp&sc=64&sk=&cvid=1FCE780A60B74E188E5ADE521104B62C
c. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_41.htm
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