CH - RESPIRATION
Class 7
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Respiration happens in
all the cells in your body
DEBATE
Respiration releases
energy from food
Respiration happens
in all living organisms
Respiration only
happens in the
cells in your lungs
Respiration uses
up energy
Respiration happens
in animals and not in
plants
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RESPIRATION
Respiration is a
series of chemical
reactions that
happen inside
every living cell.
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Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and gives
out carbon dioxide as by product (waste
product)
AEROBIC
RESPIRATION
Usually happens inside our cells.
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Inhalation and Exhalation
Inhalation and exhalation are how your body brings in oxygen and
gets rid of carbon dioxide. The process gets help from a large
dome-shaped muscle under your lungs called the diaphragm.
When you breathe in, your diaphragm pulls downward, creating a
vacuum that causes a rush of air into your lungs.
The opposite happens with exhalation: Your diaphragm relaxes
upward, pushing on your lungs, allowing them to deflate.
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ALVEOLI
Pulmonary alveolus ( plural: alveoli) are tiny air sacs that
function as basic respiratory units.
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Each alveolus is cup-shaped with
very thin walls. It's surrounded by
networks of blood vessels called
capillaries that also have thin
walls. The oxygen you breathe in
diffuses through the alveoli and
the capillaries into the blood.
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Important terms
● GAS EXCHANGE - inhaled oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries,
and carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries to the air in the alveoli.
● DIFFUSION - Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration
to a region of lower concentration.
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RECAP
Q What will happen when diaphragm relaxes
and curves upwards?
A) Air is forced out of the lungs.
B) The rib cage goes up and outward.
C) The volume of the thoracic cavity
increases.
D) Air pressure inside the thoracic cavity
decreases.
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Q What is the function of the hair in the nose?
A) To secrete mucus.
B) To trap dust particles.
C) To protect the mucus glands.
D) To prevent germs from entering the
lungs.
Q Why do we get, muscle cramps after
heavy exercise?
A) It is due to the partial breakdown of
glucose to produce lactic acid.
B) It is due to the complete breakdown of
glucose to produce lactic acid.
C) It is due to the muscle cells that respire
in the presence of oxygen.
D) It is due to the increased supply of
oxygen to muscle cells.
Q Which of the following statements is
correct for anaerobic respiration?
A) Food is broken down in the absence of
oxygen to release energy.
B) Breakdown of food occurs in presence of
oxygen.
C) It is a slow process compared to aerobic
respiration.
D) It produces large amount of energy
compared to aerobic respiration.
Q A Which of the following for me the floor of
the chest cavity?
A) Lungs
B) Membrane
C) Diaphragm
D) Pleura
Q The total number of alveoli present in the
human lungs is estimated to be around
(a) 1 billion
(b) 800 million
(c) 500 million
(d) 1500 million
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Q The maximum volume of air contained in
the lung by a full forced inhalation is called
_________.
(a) Tidal volume
(b) Vital capacity
(c) Ventilation rate
(d) Total lung capacity
Q Which of the following is the function of
the trachea?
(a) Gaseous Exchange
(b) Filters the air we breathe
(c) Exhales the air from the body
(d) All of the above
Q The windpipe is also called the ________.
(a) Larynx
(b) Lungs
(c) Trachea
(d) Oesophagus
Q Which one of the following is correct
regarding larynx?
(a) It houses the vocal cords
(b) It prevents the invading pathogens into
the trachea
(c) It is an organ made of cartilage and
connects the pharynx to the trachea
(d) All of the above.
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RELEASING ENERGY FROM
RESPIRATION
Respiration is the process of converting oxygen and
glucose (from food) into carbon dioxide and water whilst
transferring energy to the cell.
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During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of
oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Energy released during the
reaction is captured by the energy-carrying molecule ATP (adenosine
triphosphate). And therefore Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse
of the cell
In respiration , chemical energy stored in glucose is transferred to other substances, so
the cells can use it. In this process, some of the energy is changed to heat energy. So
respiring cells get a little warmer than their surrounding.
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Function of blood
TRANSPORTATION
❖ Respiration
❖ Nutrition
❖ Waste
REGULATION
❖ Body
temperature
❖ Water
content of
the cells
PROTECTION
❖ Against the
diseases
❖ Reservoir for
substance
like water,
electrolytes
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RBCs (Red blood cells)
The Red blood cells are also called
erythrocytes. RBCs store the
haemoglobin, which is a respiratory
pigment that binds to oxygen or carbon
dioxide molecules. This helps in the
transportation of the oxygen to different
tissues and organs of the human body.
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Red blood cells are called Erythrocytes.
RBCs have a bi-concave disc shape
Size varies from 6 – 8 µm in diameter.
The lifespan of RBC is about 120 days.
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus on
maturity
Due to the presence of haemoglobin, these cells
appear red in colour.
Only one type of RBC exists.
RBCs are produced in the red bone marrow
The components of red blood cells are haemoglobin.
These cells make up around 36-50% of human blood.
RBC count: 5 million/ mm³ of blood.
These cells move between the cardiovascular systems.
Low count of RBCs results in Anaemia.
Transportation of oxygen via RBCs
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Transport of Oxygen
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● During respiration, about 97% of oxygen is transported by Red Blood
Cells in the blood and the remaining 3% gets dissolved in the plasma.
● The haemoglobin pigment present in the blood gets attached to O2
molecules that are obtained from breathing and thus forms
oxyhaemoglobin.
● This oxygenated blood is then distributed to all the body cells by the
heart.
● After giving away O2 to the body cells, blood takes away CO2 which is
the end product of cellular respiration and blood becomes
deoxygenated.
Anemia
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Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry
adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. Having anemia, also referred to as low
hemoglobin, can make you feel tired and weak.
Signs and symptoms, if they do occur, might include:
Fatigue
Weakness
Pale or yellowish skin
Irregular heartbeats
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Chest pain
Cold hands and feet
Headaches
Plasma
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● liquid portion of a blood
● transparent and pale yellow or strawcolored
● It is mainly composed of clotting factors
and other protein molecules.
● 80 to 90 percent of water and the other
10 percent is composed of salts, lipids,
nutrients, enzymes and hormones.
● regulate body temperature
● responsible for controlling blood
pressure.
● Approximately 75% of carbon dioxide is
transport in the red blood cell and 25% in
the plasma.
● Circulate both red blood cells and
white blood cells, hormones, blood
platelets and other digested food
particles.
● Act main medium for excretory
product transportation by carrying
away waste materials from the
cells to the excretory organs
where it is flushed out of the body.
White blood Cells
● WBC-white blood cells are also called
leukocytes
● They are cells of the immune system,
which is mainly responsible for protecting
and fighting against invading pathogens.
A pathogen is defined as an organism
causing disease to its host
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An antibody is a protein produced by the
body's immune system when it detects
harmful substances, called antigens.
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