DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN “
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
BY
STEPHEN BANZ
1NH15CS133
Under the guidance of
Ms. SHEBA PARI
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CSE, NHCE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
It is hereby certified that the project work entitled “TRADE SECURITY USING
BLOCKCHAIN” is a bonafide work carried out by STEPHEN BANZ (1NH15CS133) in partial
fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING of the New Horizon College of Engineering during the year 2018-2019. It
is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been
incorporated in the Report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work
prescribed for the said Degree.
…………………………
Signature of Guide
………………………..
Signature of HOD
(Ms. Sheba Pari)
(Dr. B. Rajalakshmi)
………………………………
Signature of Principal
(Dr. Manjunatha)
External Viva
Name of Examiner
Signature with date
1. …………………………………………..
………………………………….
2. ……………………………………………
…………………………………..
TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
ABSTRACT
Because of the popularity of the Internet, the integration services have gradually
changed people daily life, such as e-commerce activities on transactions, transportation
and so on. The E-auction, one of the popular e-commerce activities, allows bidders to
directly bid the products over the Internet. As for sealed bid, the extra transaction cost is
required for the intermediaries because the third-party is the important role between
the buyers and the sellers help to trade both during the auction. In addition, it never
guarantees whether the third-party is trust.
To resolve the problems, we propose the blockchain technology with low transaction
cost which is used to develop the smart contract of public bid and sealed bid. The smart
contract, proposed in 1990 and implements via Ethereum platform, can ensure the bill
secure, private, non-reputability and inalterability owing to all the transactions are
recorded in the same but decentralized ledgers. The smart contract is composed of the
address of Auctioneer, the start auction time, deadline, the address of current winner,
the current highest price.
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be impossible without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose
constant guidance and encouragement crowned our efforts with success.
I have great pleasure
in
expressing
my
deep
sense
of
gratitude
to
Dr. Mohan Manghnani, Chairman of New Horizon Educational Institutions for providing
necessary infrastructure and creating good environment.
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude to Dr. Manjunatha , Principal
NHCE, for his constant support and encouragement.
I am grateful to Dr.Prashanth C.S.R, Dean Academics, for his unfailing encouragement
and suggestions, given to me in the course of my project work.
I would also like to thank Dr. B. Rajalakshmi , Professor and Head, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, for her constant support.
I express my gratitude to Ms. Sheba Pari , Assistant Professor, my project guide, for
constantly monitoring the development of the project and setting up precise deadlines.
Her valuable suggestions were the motivating factors in completing the work.
Finally a note of thanks to the teaching and non-teaching staff of Dept of Computer
Science and Engineering, for their cooperation extended to me, and my friends, who
helped me directly or indirectly in the course of the project work.
STEPHEN BANZ (1NH15CS133)
Dept of CSE, NHCE
II
TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
CONTENTS
SI
1
2
3
4
TITLE
PAGE
ABSTRACT
I
ACNOWLEDGEMENT
II
LIST IF FIGURES
VI
LIST OF TABLES
VIII
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 ABSTRACT
1
1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
1
1.3 EXISTING SYSTEMS
2
1.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM AND ADVANTAGES
3
LITERATURE REVIEW
4
2.1 INTRODUCTION
4
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
4
ANALYSIS
10
3.1 INTRODUCTION
10
3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
10
3.2.1 SCOPE
11
3.2.2 VARIOUS DIVISIONS IN THE PROJECT
11
3.2.3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
14
3.2.4 NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
15
3.2.5 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
15
3.2.6 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
16
SYSTEM DESIGN
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III
TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
5
6
4.1 INTRODUCTION
17
4.2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM
18
HIGH LEVEL DESIGN
22
5.1 INTRODUCTION
22
5.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
22
5.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES
22
5.2.2 MODE OF OPERATION
23
5.2.3 USER OPERATIONS
28
5.3 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM
28
LOW LEVEL DESIGN
35
6.1 INTRODUCTION
35
6.2 USE CASE DIAGRAM
35
6.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
36
6.3.1 USER REGISTRATION
36
6.3.2 BID UPDATE
37
6.3.3 CREATE BID
38
6.3.4 REGISTER BI ON BLOCKCHAIN
39
6.3.5 DISTRIBUTE TRANSACTION DATA
40
6.3.6 REGISTER PRODUCT
40
6.3.7 PRODUCT WINNING
41
6.4 CLASS DIAGRAMS
7
42
6.4.1 USERS CLASS DIAGRAM
42
6.4.2 BID CLASS DIAGRAM
43
6.4.3 NODE CLASS DIAGRAM
44
6.4.4 BLOCKCHAIN CLASS DIAGRAM
45
IMPLEMENTATION
46
7.1 INTRODUCTION
46
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
7.2 OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
8
9
10
46
7.2.1 USABILITY ASPECT
47
7.2.2 TECHNICAL ASPECT
47
7.2.2.1 SERVERS
47
7.2.2.2 DATABASE
48
TESTING
50
8.1 INTRODUCTION
50
8.2 LEVELS OF TESTING
50
8.2.1 UNIT TESTING
50
8.2.2 INTEGRATION TESTING
53
8.2.3 SYSTEM TESTING
53
8.2.4 VALIDATION TESTING
54
8.2.5 OUTPUT TESTING
54
8.2.6 USER ACCEPTENCE TESTING
55
8.2.7 GUI TESTING
55
SCREENSHOTS
56
9.1 USER SIGNIN
56
9.2 WELCOME PAGE
56
9.3 BIDDING MARKET
57
9.4 CREATE NEW BID
58
9.5 PRODUCTS UPLOADED BY ME
58
9.6 EDIT YOUR PROFILE
59
9.7 SUCCESSFUL BIDDING
59
9.8 WINNING PRODUCTS
60
9.9 NODES DESCRIPTION
60
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
61
BIBLIOGRAPHY
62
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
LIST OF FIGURES
SI
TITLE
PAGE
1.1
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
2
2.1
DATA PRESERVATION AND LINKING
5
2.2
BLOCKCHAIN RECORD
6
2.3
BLOCKCHAIN BLOCKS
8
4.1
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
18
5.1
ACCOUNT ACCESS LAYER
29
5.2
NODE IMPLEMENTATION
30
5.3
SUPER ADMIN CONFIG
31
5.4
PRODUCT ADDITION
32
5.5
BID MARKET
33
5.6
PRODUCTS AND WIN LOGS
34
6.1
USE CASE DIAGRAM
35
6.2
USER REGISTRATION SSD
36
6.3
BID UPDATE SSD
37
6.4
CREATE BID SSD
38
6.5
REGISTER BID SSD
39
6.6
DISTRIBUTE DATA SSD
40
6.7
REGISTER PRODUCT SSD
40
6.8
PRODUCT WINNING SSD
41
6.9
USERS CLASS DIAGRAM
42
6.10
BID CLASS DIAGRAM
43
6.11
NODE CLASS DIAGRAM
44
6.12
BLOCKCHAIN CLASS DIAGRAM
45
9.1
USER SIGNIN
56
9.2
WELCOME PAGE
56
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
9.3
BIDDING MARKET
57
9.4
CREATE A NEW BID
58
9.5
MY PRODUCTS
58
9.6
EDIT PROFILE
59
9.7
SUCCESSFUL BIDDING
59
9.8
WINNING PRODUCTS
60
9.9
NODES DESCRIPTION
60
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
LIST OF TABLES
SI
TITLE
PAGE
3.1
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
15
3.2
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
16
5.1
MODES OF OPERATION
23
5.2
USERS OPERATION
28
8.1
TESTCASES FOR THE PROJECT
51
8.2
TESTCASES FOR INTEGRATION TESTING
53
8.3
TESTCASES FOR INPUT-OUTPUT
54
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Abstract
Because of the popularity of the Internet, the integration services have gradually
changed people daily life, such as e-commerce activities on transactions, transportation and
so on. The E-auction, one of the popular e-commerce activities, allows bidders to directly
bid the products over the Internet. As for sealed bid, the extra transaction cost is required
for the intermediaries because the third-party is the important role between the buyers and
the sellers help to trade both during the auction.
In addition, it never guarantees whether the third-party is trust. To resolve the
problems, we propose the blockchain technology with low transaction cost which is used to
develop the smart contract of public bid and sealed bid. The smart contract, proposed in
1990 and implements via Ethereum platform, can ensure the bill secure, private,
non-reputability and inalterability owing to all the transactions are recorded in the same but
decentralized ledgers. The smart contract is composed of the address of Auctioneer, the
start auction time, deadline, the address of current winner, the current highest price.
1.2 Problem Identification
In an online biding system, an extra transaction cost is required for the
intermediaries because the third-party is an important role between the buyers and the
sellers help to trade both during the auction. In addition, it never guarantees whether the
third-party is a trusted one.
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
Fig 1.1 Problem Identification
E-auction has two main problems.
•
First, a centralized intermediary is required in bidding system to help communication
between bidders and auctioneers. The charge fees for the centralized intermediary
to increase the transaction cost. Besides, the personal data and transaction records
are stored in database might cause privacy leakage.
•
Secondly, in a sealed envelope, bidders have no way to ensure that lead bidder
never leaks their bidding price
1.3 Existing Systems
Nowadays, E-auction can be classified into two types, namely public bid and sealed bid
•
Public bid is that bidders could raise the price to bid the products. Thus, the bidding
price gets increasing continuously until no bidders are willing to pay a higher price.
The bidder is as a winner if he bids the highest price for such the product. During
public bid, bidders can bid several times; thus, public bid is also called multi-bidding
auction
•
Sealed bid is that bidders encrypts the bill and only send the bill once. If the time is
due, the auctioneer compares all of the bills. The bidder who bids for the highest
price is the winner of the sealed bid. Due to bidders only can bid once, it is also
called single-bidding auction. In the seal bid, all bidders’ prices are sealed until the
bid opening deadline is compared to the prices of all bidders. There is a common
shortcoming in electronic seal ticket auctions. Before the deadline for opening bids,
Dept of CSE, NHCE
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
the bidder cannot ensure that the bid price has been leaked by a third party (the
principal bidder), resulting in malicious bidders may collaborate with the bid winner
to obtain the best bid price
The blockchain is a technology that accesses, verifies, and transmits network data through
distributed nodes. It uses a peer-to-peer network to achieve a decentralized data operation
and preservation platform
1.4 Proposed System and Advantages
This project applies the blockchain technique into the E-auction to resolve the two
main problems in the E-auction that we stated earlier.
•
The blockchain is peer-to-peer access structure such that points in the
structure can trust each other points. Each location can securely
communicate, authenticate and transfer data to any of the other sites.
Consequently, in the decentralized structure, the centralized intermediary
can be removed to reduce the transaction cost.
•
As for the second problem, the smart contract is used to avoid the bid price
leaked by the lead bidder. Some rules are written inside the smart deal which
cannot be opened before the deadline.
Advantages
•
Decentralized structure for communicating between bidders and auctioneers thus
reducing the charge fee.
•
Peer to peer access structure to establish the trust thus protecting the personal data
and transactional records.
•
The bid price leaked by the lead bidder will be avoided through the smart contract.
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Nowadays, E-auction can be classified into two types, namely public bid and sealed bid
•
Public bid is that bidders could raise the price to bid the products. Thus, the bidding
price gets increasing continuously until no bidders are willing to pay a higher price.
The bidder is as a winner if he bids the highest price for such the product. During
public bid, bidders can bid several times; thus, public bid is also called multi-bidding
auction
•
Sealed bid is that bidders encrypts the bill and only send the bill once. If the time is
due, the auctioneer compares all of the bills. The bidder who bids for the highest
price is the winner of the sealed bid. Due to bidders only can bid once, it is also
called single-bidding auction. In the seal bid, all bidders’ prices are sealed until the
bid opening deadline is compared to the prices of all bidders. There is a common
shortcoming in electronic seal ticket auctions. Before the deadline for opening bids,
the bidder cannot ensure that the bid price has been leaked by a third party (the
principal bidder), resulting in malicious bidders may collaborate with the bid winner
to obtain the best bid price.
2.2 Literature Review
•
Marco Iansiti and Karim R Lakhani. “The truth about blockchain”
•
M Jenifer and B Bharathi. "A method of reducing the skew in reducer phase block
chain algorithm"
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
•
Yan Zhu, Ruiqi Guo, Guohua Gan, and Wei-Tek Tsai. “Interactive incontestable
signature for transactions confirmation in bitcoin blockchain”
The blockchain is mainly based on the following technologies as the operating base
Identity identification and security: Identification and anti-counterfeiting are performed
using a public key infrastructure. Each account in the blockchain has a public key and a
private key used to send and receive the transactions. After the private key encrypts the
transaction message, the receiver then uses the sender’s public key to decrypt the message,
and the identity of the sender can be confirmed.
Message delivery and broadcasting: Message delivery and broadcasting are performed
using a peer-to-peer technique, allowing each node to connect and exchange messages
with each other. The transactions are stored in the same ledger. Each node in the
blockchain can verify the transactions using the zero knowledge over the decentralized
access structure
Data preservation and linking: The transaction data stored in a block to generate a hash
value and the block is linked to the previous block with the hash values to construct a
blockchain as shown in Fig below.
Fig 2.1 Data Preservation and Linking
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
The fields in the block, as shown in Fig below, to detail the records of the block such as
time-stamp, transaction quantity, hash value, etc.
Fig 2.2 BlockChain Record
In the blockchain, there might be different transactions in a block. When a new
transaction is just triggered, each node collects unverified transactions to the block to
produce a POW (Proof of Work). That is, the node can calculate the Nonce to verify the
transaction as soon as possible to get some rewards. If the node completes the proof of
work, it broadcast the block to other nodes to verify whether the transaction is valid. If
valid, the block is attached to the blockchain
Blockchain and Its Use
Blockchain is a distributed database that stores data records that continue to grow,
controlled by multiple entities. Blockchain (distributed ledger) is a trustworthy service
system to a group of nodes or non-trusting parties, generally blockchain acts as a reliable
and reliable third party to keep things together, mediate exchanges, and provide secure
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
computing machines. There are several types of Blockchain ie.
•
Permissionless Blockchain, like Bitcoin or Ethereum, all can be a user or run a node,
anyone can "write", and anyone can participate in a consensus in determining the
state's validity.
•
Permission Blockchain inversely proportional to the previous type, operated by
known entities such as consortium blockchains, where consortium members or
stakeholders in a particular business context operate a Blockchain permission
network. This Blockchain permission system has means to identify nodes that can
control and update data together, and often has ways to control who can issue
transactions.
•
Private blockchain is a special blockchain permitted by one entity, where there is
only one domain trust
The widely known Blockchain technology currently exists in the Bitcoin system which is the
public ledger of all transactions. Bitcoin is a decentralized, peer-to-peer digital payments
system based on the first public key cryptography proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008.
Bitcoin uses a consensus protocol called PoW (Proof of Work) based on cryptocurrency to
ensure only legitimate transactions are allowed within the system. Where each transaction
is calculated its hash value and entered into a database called Blockchain as described in
fig.1. To connect between one block with another block, the hash value of the previous
block inserted into the next block then calculated its hash value. The hash value must meet
certain requirements called difficulty in order to be considered a legitimate block. Searching
for hash values that match those requirements is called Proof Of Work. Bitcoin stores all
transaction information in a database called blockchain in the internet network. Blockchain
consists of several blocks associated with each other and in sequence as shown in fig below.
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
Fig 2.3 BlockChain Blocks
The blocks are related because the hash values of the previous block are used in the next
block creation process. The effort to change the information will be more difficult because it
must change the next blocks. The first block is called the genesis block. In creating new
blocks, miner required in the mining process using hash computing equipment. Miner
compete against each other to create a new legitimate block in accordance with the
specified difficulty. A new block is generally generated by a miner but there are times when
more than one new block is generated by multiple miners that both meet the criteria even
though the odds are small, making blockchain a fork. If this case occurs, then the voting
process conducted by the miners.
The voting process is done by way of the miner choosing one of several new blocks and
then producing the discovery of a longer chain branch. Then the entire Bitcoin system uses
the longest branch and deletes all other branches. Unused blocks are called block orphans
and become invalid, also all transactions that have been recorded in the block orphan will
be inserted into the new block. Blockchain comes with a variety of different types, but has
several common elements:
•
Blockchain is distributed digitally to a number of computers in almost real time.
•
Blockchain is decentralized, the entire recording is available for all users and peer to
peer network users. This eliminates the need for central authorities, such as banks,
as well as trusted intermediaries.
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
•
Blockchain uses many participants in the network to reach consensus.
Participants use their computers to authenticate and verify every new block. For example,
to ensure that transactions not occur more than once, new blocks are only adopted by the
network after the majority of its members agree that they are valid.
•
Blockchain uses cryptography and digital signatures to prove identity. Transactions
can be traced back to the cryptographic identity, which is theoretically anonymous,
but can be re-linked with real-life identity using reverse engineering techniques.
•
Blockchain has a difficult (but possibly) mechanism for altering stored records.
Although all data can be read and new data can be written, previously existing data
on blockcahin can’t be changed theoretically unless the rules embedded in the
protocol allow such changes by requiring more than 50 percent of the network to
approve the change
•
A Blockchain is time-stamped. Transactions in blockchain are timed, so they are
useful for tracking and verifying information
•
Blockchain is programmable. Instructions embedded in blocks, such as "if" this
"then" do that "else do this, allow transactions or other actions to be performed
only if certain conditions are met, and may be accompanied by additional digital
data. Blockchain has several advantages, which makes it a powerful and secure
alternative to distributed databases.
•
High Availability: Distributed completely to all nodes and stored in the database
completely.
•
Verifiability and Integrity: Each block is verified and added to the blockchain.
Therefore, it will be difficult to change the data in it because all the blocks have to
be changed value.
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS
3.1 Introduction
Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to
gain a better understanding of it. Analysts in the field of engineering look at requirements,
structures, mechanisms, and systems dimensions. Analysis is an exploratory activity.
The Analysis Phase is where the project lifecycle begins. The Analysis Phase is where
you break down the deliverables in the high-level Project Charter into the more detailed
business requirements. The Analysis Phase is also the part of the project where you identify
the overall direction that the project will take through the creation of the project strategy
documents.
The process of gathering requirements is usually more than simply asking the users
what they need and writing their answers down. Depending on the complexity of the
application, the process for gathering requirements has a clearly defined process of its own.
This process consists of a group of repeatable processes that utilize certain techniques to
capture, document, communicate, and manage requirements
3.2 Software Requirement Specification
A software requirements specification (SRS) – a requirement specification for
a software system – is a complete description of the behavior of a system to be developed.
In addition to a description of the software functions, the SRS also contains non-functional
requirements. Software requirements are a sub-field of software engineering that deals
with the elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation of requirements for software.
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TRADE SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
3.2.1 Scope
Because of the popularity of the Internet, the integration services have gradually
changed people daily life, such as e-commerce activities on transactions, transportation and
so on. The E-auction, one of the popular e-commerce activities, allows bidders to directly
bid the products over the Internet.
As for sealed bid, the extra transaction cost is required for the intermediaries
because the third-party is the important role between the buyers and the sellers help to
trade both during the auction. In addition, it never guarantees whether the third-party is
trust. To resolve the problems, we propose the blockchain technology with low transaction
cost which is used to develop the smart contract of public bid and sealed bid.
The smart contract, proposed in 1990 and implements via Ethereum platform, can
ensure the bill secure, private, non-reputability and inalterability owing to all the
transactions are recorded in the same but decentralized ledgers. The smart contract is
composed of the address of Auctioneer, the start auction time, deadline, the address of
current winner, the current highest price.
3.2.2 Various divisions in the project
User profile operations
•
Here, the end users of the project will be provided with an interface where they can
request access to our project.
•
They will be provided with an HTML interface using which they can create a new
account by providing the required information (like email ID, phone number, first
name, last name, etc).
•
The user’s registration is subject to approval from the project administrators. Once
the administrators approve a user registration, the user can proceed with logging in
to our portal, perform various account operations(edit profile, change password,etc)
•
After this, the users will be granted access to rest of the modules of the project.
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Node Implementation
•
In this module we will be implementing the blockchain network by creating our set
of distributed ledger nodes.
•
Each node will be able to perform various operations
o Receive the blockchain data once the transaction in the blockchain has been
committed and the block is mined.
o Perform block validation by comparing the hashcodes of the current block
and the hash codes of the previous blocks
o Provide a readonly access to the clients on that node for visualizing the
number of blocks and the type of data being stored
o Provide the block chain data to the bidding application once requested.
•
Each node will be deployed in its own platform over the cloud infrastructure. For this
purpose, we make use of Digital ocean cloud service proider
Super Admin Configuration
•
This feature is made available only the super admin of the project.
•
The super admin of the project essentially will be the product owners
himself/herself.
•
Through this feature, the super admin of the project will be able to perform nodes
addition, nodes deletion, and nodes visualization operation from the front end user
interfaces provided to him/her
•
This feature will be secured and nobody else apart from the super admin will be able
to get access to.
•
More the number of nodes, stronger the security measures provided by the
blockchain bidding application
•
Hence, it is recommended to add as many nodes as possible.
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Product Addition
•
In this module the seller of the product in our portal will be given an HTML interface
through which he/she can add the product which he/she is planning to sell.
•
The seller will have to provide some basic information about the product like the
name, description, and the URL to the actual product
•
All the above fields are mandatory to be provided by the seller.
•
The product once added, it will immediately be shown up in the market where the
users can start bidding for it.
•
The end users will not be given a luxury to upload the products images due to the
limitations in the cloud storage space. Instead, the sellers must be specifying the URL
to the image of the product from google drive or any other hosting sites.
Bid Market and Participation
•
The product once added by the seller, it will immediately be shown up in the market
where the users can start bidding for it.
•
The user must be entering the amount in the textbox provided against the product
of interest.
•
The amount bid by the buyers along with the unique identifier for the product will
be stored in the blockchain network
•
There will be a blockchain service class which does the operation of writing and
reading to and from blockchain network.
•
This blockchain service class will make use of the Ledger Distribution Thread to write
to numerous blockchain network concurrently
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My Products and Win Logs
•
This portal enables the seller of the product to see the status of their products and
the bidders details for their product
•
At any point of time, the seller can close the bid window and declare the buyer with
highest bid as the winner
•
An email communication will be sent to both buyer and seller once the bidding
window has been closed
•
The buyer details and the log of the total bidders will always be there at this portal
so that the seller can have an access to this data at any point of time
3.2.3 Functional Requirements
•
To design and implement the blockchain technology into an online bidding system
•
To design and develop the decentralized system for making the entire database
owned by many users.
•
To ensure the cheating sources of the database manipulation is reduced through the
concept of block chain
•
To design the solution in such a way that it is simple and feasible to replace the
traditional bidding system
•
To make sure the results of the bidding are available to both buyers and sellers at
any instance of the time
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3.2.4 Non-Functional Requirements
•
Should be easier to access it from the various browsers available.
•
Response time of the applications should reflect the real time observations.
•
The algorithm should never fail in any of the test cases.
•
There shouldn’t be any security concerns on the merged data.
•
Each user’s activity should be separated from the other user’s activities
3.2.5 Software Requirements
Operating System
Windows
Programming Language –
Core Java, Advanced Java, J2EE, Map Reduce Framework, MVC
Backend
Framework
Programming language –
Bootstrap Framework, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Ajax, Jquery
Frontend
Development
Eclipse Oxygen IDE
environment
Application Server
Apache Tomcat v9.0
Database
HDFS
Table 3.1 Software Requirements
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3.2.6 Hardware Requirements
Processor
Intel Core i5 or AMD FX 8 core series with clock speed of 2.4 GHz or
above
RAM
2GB or above
Hard disk
40 GB or above
Input device
Keyboard or mouse or compatible pointing devices
Display
XGA (1024*768 pixels) or higher resolution monitor with 32 bit
color settings
Miscellaneous
USB Interface, Power adapter, etc
Table 3.2 Hardware Requirements
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CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Introduction
Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design could
see it as the application of systems theory to product development. There is some overlap
with the disciplines of systems analysis, systems architecture and systems engineering.
If the broader topic of product development "blends the perspective of marketing,
design, and manufacturing into a single approach to product development," then design is
the act of taking the marketing information and creating the design of the product to be
manufactured. Systems design is therefore the process of defining and developing systems
to satisfy specified requirements of the user.
Object-oriented analysis and design methods are becoming the most widely used
methods for computer systems design. The UML has become the standard language in
object-oriented analysis and design. It is widely used for modeling software systems and is
increasingly used for high designing non-software systems and organizations.
The design of the system is perhaps the most critical factor affecting the quality of
the software. The objective of the design phase is to produce overall design of the software.
It aims to figure out the modules that should be in the system to fulfill all the system
requirements in an efficient manner.
The design phase is followed by two sub phases
•
High Level Design
•
Detailed Level Design
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4.2 System Architecture Diagram
The below figure shows a general block diagram describing the activities performed
by this project.
Fig 4.1 System Architecture
Major divisions in this project are
➢ Data Access Layer
Data access layer is the one which exposes all the possible operations on the data
base to the outside world. It will contain the DAO classes, DAO interfaces, POJOs,
and Utils as the internal components. All the other modules of this project will be
communicating with the DO layer for their data access needs
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➢ Account Operations
Account operations module provides the following functionalities to the end users of
our project.
•
Register a new seller/ buyer account
•
Login to an existing account
•
Logout from the session
•
Edit the existing Profile
•
Change Password for security issues
•
Forgot Password and receive the current password over an email
•
Delete an existing Account
Account operations module will be re-using the DAO layer to provide the above
functionalities.
➢ User profile operations
•
Here, the end users of the project will be provided with an interface where they
can request access to our project.
•
They will be provided with an HTML interface using which they can create a new
account by providing the required information (like email ID, phone number, first
name, last name, etc).
•
The user’s registration is subject to approval from the project administrators.
Once the administrators approve a user registration, the user can proceed with
logging in to our portal, perform various account operations (edit profile, change
password, etc).
•
After this, the users will be granted access to rest of the modules of the project.
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➢ Node Implementation
In this module we will be implementing the blockchain network by creating our set
of distributed ledger nodes.
Each node will be able to perform various operations
•
Receive the blockchain data once the transaction in the blockchain has been
committed and the block is mined.
•
Perform block validation by comparing the hashcodes of the current block
and the hash codes of the previous blocks
•
Provide a readonly access to the clients on that node for visualizing the
number of blocks and the type of data being stored
•
Provide the block chain data to the bidding application once requested.
Each node will be deployed in its own platform over the cloud infrastructure. For this
purpose, we make use of Digital ocean cloud service proider
➢ Super Admin Configuration
•
The super admin of the project essentially will be the product owners
himself/herself.
•
Through this feature, the super admin of the project will be able to perform
nodes addition, nodes deletion, and nodes visualization operation from the front
end user interfaces provided to him/her
•
This feature will be secured and nobody else apart from the super admin will be
able to get access to. More the number of nodes, stronger the security measures
provided by the blockchain bidding application
•
Hence, it is recommended to add as many nodes as possible.
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➢ Product Addition
In this module the seller of the product in our portal will be given an HTML interface
through which he/she can add the product which he/she is planning to sell. The seller
will have to provide some basic information about the product like the name,
description, and the URL to the actual product. All the above fields are mandatory to be
provided by the seller. The product once added, it will immediately be shown up in the
market where the users can start bidding for it. The end users will not be given a luxury
to upload the products images due to the limitations in the cloud storage space.
➢ Bid Market and Participation
The product once added by the seller, it will immediately be shown up in the market
where the users can start bidding for it. The user must be entering the amount in the
textbox provided against the product of interest. The amount bid by the buyers along
with the unique identifier for the product will be stored in the blockchain network There
will be a blockchain service class which does the operation of writing and reading to and
from blockchain network. This blockchain service class will make use of the Ledger
Distribution Thread to write to numerous blockchain network concurrently.
➢ My Products and Win Logs
•
This portal enables the seller of the product to see the status of their products
and the bidders details for their product. At any point of time, the seller can
close the bid window and declare the buyer with highest bid as the winner
•
An email communication will be sent to both buyer and seller once the bidding
window has been closed. The buyer details and the log of the total bidders will
always be there at this portal so that the seller can have an access to this data at
any point of time
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CHAPTER 5
HIGH LEVEL DESIGN
5.1 Introduction
The System design phase involves two sub phases
•
High Level Design
•
Low Level Design
In the high level design, the proposed functional and non functional requirements of
the software are depicted. Overall solution to the architecture is developed which can
handle those needs. This CHAPTER involves the following consideration.
•
Design consideration
•
Data flow diagram
5.2 Design consideration
There are several design consideration issues that need to be addressed or resolved
before getting down designing a complete solution for the system
5.2.1 Assumptions and dependencies
The main assumptions and dependencies identified are as follows:
•
JDK has to be installed in the machine where all the three subcomponent will be
executing.
•
The application servers like either the JBOSS or the Apache Tomcat will have to be
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supported by the host machines
•
There shall not be any firewall or other engines that prevents the remote requests
from the portal.
•
There shouldn’t be any permission related issues on any cluster. The host operating
system should take of permitting all the requests to the cluster from the interface
layer.
5.2.2 Mode of operation
The system is capable of operating in two different modes
Table 5.1 Modes of Operation
Users Profile Operations
Here, the end users can perform various operations
on their profiles. Firstly, the users can register a new
account and thus getting an access to the portal. And
then the users can login to their accounts using the
registered email ID and password to access various
other divisions in the portal. The users can then
choose to update their profile by providing the new
values to the fields they have provided during the
registration phase, or the user can wish to change
their password by providing their old password and
new password. The user can also opt to delete their
accounts in case they wish to no longer access our
portal. The user can also logout from the portal to
make sure the session created for them during login
is terminated
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Node Implementation
In this module we will be implementing the
blockchain network by creating our set of distributed
ledger nodes.
Each node will be able to perform various operations
o Receive the blockchain data once the
transaction in the blockchain has
been committed and the block is
mined.
o Perform block validation by
comparing the hashcodes of the
current block and the hash codes of
the previous blocks
o Provide a readonly access to the
clients on that node for visualizing the
number of blocks and the type of data
being stored
o Provide the block chain data to the
bidding application once requested.
Each node will be deployed in its own platform over
the cloud infrastructure. For this purpose, we make
use of Digital ocean cloud service proider
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Super Admin Configuration
This feature is made available only the super admin
of the project.
The super admin of the project essentially will be the
product owners himself/herself.
Through this feature, the super admin of the project
will be able to perform nodes addition, nodes
deletion, and nodes visualization operation from the
front end user interfaces provided to him/her
This feature will be secured and nobody else apart
from the super admin will be able to get access to.
More the number of nodes, stronger the security
measures provided by the blockchain bidding
application
Hence, it is recommended to add as many nodes as
possible.
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Product Addition
In this module the seller of the product in our portal
will be given an HTML interface through which
he/she can add the product which he/she is planning
to sell.
The seller will have to provide some basic
information about the product like the name,
description, and the URL to the actual product
All the above fields are mandatory to be provided by
the seller.
The product once added, it will immediately be
shown up in the market where the users can start
bidding for it.
The end users will not be given a luxury to upload
the products images due to the limitations in the
cloud storage space. Instead, the sellers must be
specifying the URL to the image of the product from
google drive or any other hosting sites.
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Bid Market and Participations
The product once added by the seller, it will
immediately be shown up in the market where the
users can start bidding for it.
The user must be entering the amount in the textbox
provided against the product of interest.
The amount bid by the buyers along with the unique
identifier for the product will be stored in the
blockchain network
There will be a blockchain service class which does
the operation of writing and reading to and from
blockchain network.
This blockchain service class will make use of the
Ledger Distribution Thread to write to numerous
blockchain network concurrently
My products and Win logs
This portal enables the seller of the product to see
the status of their products and the bidders details
for their product
At any point of time, the seller can close the bid
window and declare the buyer with highest bid as
the winner
An email communication will be sent to both buyer
and seller once the bidding window has been closed
The buyer details and the log of the total bidders will
always be there at this portal so that the seller can
have an access to this data at any point of time
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5.2.3 User operations
Table 5.2 User Operations
Account Operations
User must be creating a new account in our portal to
get access to the rest of the modules. The user can
also perform various other account operations like
retrieving the forgotten password, login, logout,
delete profile, change password, and edit profile
Super Admin configuration
Here the super admin of the project will be
adding/deleting the nodes from the blockchain
network
Product Addition
Sellers of the product will be adding the product to
the market here
Bid Market and participation
Here the sellers of the product will be performing
the bid and able to see the transaction logs
5.3 Data flow diagram
A data flow diagram is the graphical representation of the flow of data through an
information system. DFD is very useful in understanding a system and can be efficiently
used during analysis.
A DFD shows the flow of data through a system. It view a system as a function that
transforms the inputs into desired outputs. Any complex systems will not perform this
transformation in a single step and a data will typically undergo a series of transformations
before it becomes the output.
With a data flow diagram, users are able to visualize how the system will operate
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that the system will accomplish and how the system will be implemented, old system data
flow diagrams can be drawn up and compared with a new systems data flow diagram to
draw comparisons to implement a more efficient system.
Data flow diagrams can be used to provide the end user with a physical idea of
where the data they input, ultimately as an effect upon the structure of the whole system.
Next section explains the module wise data flow diagram
Module 1: Account Access Layer
Fig 5.1 Account access Layer
Account operations module provides the following functionalities to the end users of our
project.
•
Register a new seller/ buyer account
•
Login to an existing account
•
Logout from the session
•
Edit the existing Profile
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•
Change Password for security issues
•
Forgot Password and receive the current password over an email
•
Delete an existing Account
Account operations module will be re-using the DAO layer to provide the above
functionalities.
The DAO layer is the service layer which provides database CRUD (create, update, read, and
delete) services to the other layers.
It will contain the POJO classes to map the database tables into java object. It will also
contain the Util classes to manage the database connections.
Module 2: Node Implementation
Fig 5.2 Node Implementation
•
In this module we will be implementing the blockchain network by creating our set
of distributed ledger nodes.
•
Each node will be able to perform various operations
o Receive the blockchain data once the transaction in the blockchain has been
committed and the block is mined.
o Perform block validation by comparing the hashcodes of the current block
and the hash codes of the previous blocks
o Provide a readonly access to the clients on that node for visualizing the
number of blocks and the type of data being stored
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o Provide the block chain data to the bidding application once requested.
•
Each node will be deployed in its own platform over the cloud infrastructure. For this
purpose, we make use of Digital ocean cloud service proider
Module 3: Super Admin configuration
Fig 5.3 Super Admin Config
•
This feature is made available only the super admin of the project.
•
The super admin of the project essentially will be the product owners
himself/herself.
•
Through this feature, the super admin of the project will be able to perform nodes
addition, nodes deletion, and nodes visualization operation from the front end user
interfaces provided to him/her
•
This feature will be secured and nobody else apart from the super admin will be able
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to get access to.
•
More the number of nodes, stronger the security measures provided by the
blockchain bidding application
•
Hence, it is recommended to add as many nodes as possible.
Module 4: Product addition
Fig 5.4 Product Addition
•
In this module the seller of the product in our portal will be given an HTML interface
through which he/she can add the product which he/she is planning to sell.
•
The seller will have to provide some basic information about the product like the
name, description, and the URL to the actual product
•
All the above fields are mandatory to be provided by the seller.
•
The product once added, it will immediately be shown up in the market where the
users can start bidding for it.
•
The end users will not be given a luxury to upload the products images due to the
limitations in the cloud storage space. Instead, the sellers must be specifying the URL
to the image of the product from google drive or any other hosting sites.
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Module 5: Bid Market and Participation
Fig 5.5 Bid Market
•
The product once added by the seller, it will immediately be shown up in the market
where the users can start bidding for it.
•
The user must be entering the amount in the textbox provided against the product
of interest.
•
The amount bid by the buyers along with the unique identifier for the product will
be stored in the blockchain network
•
There will be a blockchain service class which does the operation of writing and
reading to and from blockchain network.
•
This blockchain service class will make use of the Ledger Distribution Thread to write
to numerous blockchain network concurrently
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Module 6: My Products and Win Logs
Fig 5.6 Products and Win Logs
•
This portal enables the seller of the product to see the status of their products and
the bidders details for their product
•
At any point of time, the seller can close the bid window and declare the buyer with
highest bid as the winner
•
An email communication will be sent to both buyer and seller once the bidding
window has been closed
•
The buyer details and the log of the total bidders will always be there at this portal
so that the seller can have an access to this data at any point of time
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CHAPTER 6
LOW LEVEL DESIGN
6.1 Introduction
During the detailed phase, the view of the application developed during the high
level design is broken down into modules and programs. Logic design is done for every
program and then documented as program specifications. For every program, a unit test
plan is created.
6.2 Use case diagram
The external objects that interact directly with the system are called actors.
Actors
include humans, external devices and other software systems. The important thing about
actors is that they are not under control of the application. In this project, user of the
system is the actor.
Fig 6.1 Use case Diagram
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6.3 Sequence diagram
A sequence diagram in a Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a kind of interaction
diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It shows
the participants in an interaction and the sequence of messages among them; each
participant is assigned a column in a table.
Below section shows the sequence diagrams in this application
6.3.1 User Registration
Fig 6.2 User Registration SSD
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6.3.2 Bid Update
Fig 6.3 Bid Update SSD
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6.3.3 Create Bid
Fig 6.4 Create Bid SSD
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6.3.4 Register Bid On BlockChain
Fig 6.5 Register Bid SSD
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6.3.5 Distribute Transaction Data
Fig 6.6 Distribute Data SSD
6.3.6 Register Product
Fig 6.7 Register Product SSD
6.3.7 Product Winning
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Fig 6.8 Winning Products SSD
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6.4 Class Diagrams
A class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static structure
diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their
attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among the classes.
The class diagram is the main building block of object oriented modeling. It is used
both for general conceptual modeling of the systematic of the application, and for detailed
modelling translating the models into programming code.
Class diagrams can also be used for data modeling. The classes in a class diagram
represent both the main objects, interactions in the application and the classes to be
programmed.
6.4.1 Users Class Diagram
Fig 6.9 Users Class Diagram
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6.4.2 Bid Class Diagram
Fig 6.10 Bid Class Diagram
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6.4.3 Node Class Diagram
Fig 6.11 Node Class Diagram
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6.4.4 Blockchain Class Diagram
Fig 6.12 blockchain Class Diagram
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CHAPTER 7
IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 Introduction
Implementation is the realization of an application, or execution of a plan, idea,
model, design, specification, standard, algorithm, or policy. In other words, an
implementation is a realization of a technical specification or algorithm as a program,
software component, or other computer system through programming and deployment.
Many implementations may exist for a given specification or standard.
Implementation is one of the most important phases of the Software Development
Life Cycle (SDLC). It encompasses all the processes involved in getting new software or
hardware operating properly in its environment, including installation, configuration,
running, testing, and making necessary changes. Specifically, it involves coding the system
using a particular programming language and transferring the design into an actual working
system.
This phase of the system is conducted with the idea that whatever is designed
should be implemented; keeping in mind that it fulfills user requirements, objective and
scope of the system. The implementation phase produces the solution to the user problem.
7.2 Overview of System Implementation
This project is implemented considering the following aspects:
1. Usability Aspect.
2. Technical Aspect.
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7.2.1 Usability Aspect
The usability aspect of implementation of the project is realized using two principles:
a.) The project is implemented as a Java application
There could be many ways of implementing the this project. We have chosen JAVA
to come up with the required reader. The reason being many:
Firstly, Java provides a wonderful libraries which simplifies the implementation part
of it.
Secondly, JAVA is platform independent, meaning the project can run on literally any
platform which has JVM installed within it.
Thirdly, Oracle Corporation claims more than 70 billion devices run on JAVA which
makes the end users used to it.
Lastly, it can be readily portable to any devices like mobile phones, ipads, PDA, and
any hand held devices that are capable of running JAVA.
b.) The user-friendly interface using Java's view architecture
The interface provided by this application is very user friendly and is developed
using Java Swings.
7.2.2 Technical Aspect
7.2.2.1 Servers
Apache Tomcat to develop the product
Apache Tomcat (or simply Tomcat, formerly also Jakarta Tomcat) is an open source
web server and servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF).
Tomcat implements the Java Servlet and the JavaServer Pages (JSP) specifications from Sun
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Microsystems, and provides a "pure Java" HTTP web server environment for Java code to
run.
Apache Tomcat includes tools for configuration and management, but can also be
configured by editing XML configuration files
JBOSS Application server to host the product
WildFly, formerly known as JavaBeans Open Source Software Application Server
(JBoss AS, or simply JBoss) is an application server that implements the Java Platform,
Enterprise Edition (Java EE).
JBoss is written in Java and as such is cross-platform: usable on any operating system
that supports Java.
JBoss was developed by JBoss, now a division of Red Hat. Licensed under the terms
of the GNU Lesser General Public License, JBoss is free and open source software.
The renaming to WildFly was done to reduce confusion. The renaming only affects
the JBoss Application Server project. The JBoss Community or the Red Hat JBoss product
line (with JBoss Enteprise Application Platform) all retain their names.
7.2.2.2 Database
MySQL officially, but also called /maɪ ˈsiːkwəl/ "My Sequel") is (as of 2008) the
world's most widely used open source relational database management system (RDBMS)
that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after
co-founder Michael Widenius' daughter, My. The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query
Language.
The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms
of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements.
MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL
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AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation.
MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central
component of the widely used LAMP open source web application software stack (and
other 'AMP' stacks). LAMP is an acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python."
Free-software-open source projects that require a full-featured database management
system often use MySQL.
For commercial use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional
functionality. Applications which use MySQL databases include: TYPO3, Joomla, WordPress,
phpBB, MyBB, Drupal and other software. MySQL is also used in many high-profile,
large-scale World Wide Web products, including Wikipedia, Google (though not for
searches), Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Nokia.com, and YouTube.
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CHAPTER 8
TESTING
8.1 Introduction
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to
discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check
the functionality of components, sub-assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product. It is
the process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the software system
meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner.
The system has
been verified and validated by running the test data and live data.
8.2 Levels of Testing
8.2.1 Unit Testing
Unit testing is a method by which individual units of source code, sets of one or
more computer program modules together with associated control data, usage procedures,
and operating procedures, are tested to determine if they are fit for use. Intuitively, one
can view a unit as the smallest testable part of an application. In object-oriented
programming a unit is often an entire interface, such as a class, but could be an individual
method.
For unit testing first we adopted the code testing strategy, which examined the logic
of program. During the development process itself all the syntax errors etc. got rooted out.
For this developed test case that result in executing every instruction in the program or
module i.e. every path through program was tested.
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Test cases
Table 8.1: Test cases for the project
Steps
Test Action
Results
Step 1
Enter the URL
Index page loaded
http://192.168.56.101:8080/Bidding/index.jsp successfully
Step 2
Click on Register
Register page loaded
successfully
Step 3
Create a new account
Account Creation Successful
Step 4
Click on login
Login page loaded
Step 5
Login to an existing account
Login Successful
Step 6
Click on Add product
Add product page opens
successfully
Step 7
Enter product details and click on Add
Product added successfully
Step 8
Logout and login as another account for buyer Login successful
Step 9
Click on market
Market page loaded
successfully
Step 10
Enter the amount against any product and Bid Placement successful
click on Place Bid
Step 11
Click on My participations
Participation logs shown
correctly
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Step 12
Repeat the steps 8 to 11 some four times
All the operations
successful
Step 13
Login back as seller
Login successful
Step 14
Click on my products
My products page loaded
successfully
Step 15
Click on the product and see the bidders
Bidders information shown
correctly
Step 16
Click on Close bidding window
Bidding window closed for
the product
Step 17
Step 18
Check for an email in both seller and buyer Both users received mail
account
successfully
Repeat the above steps for sealed bid
Sealed bid operations also
works fine
Step 19
Login as super admin
Super admin login
successful
Step 20
Add and remove nodes
Adding and removing nodes
works fine
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8.2.2 Integration Testing
Data can be lost across an interface, one module can have an adverse effect on the
other sub function, when combined may not produce the desired functions. Integrated
testing is the systematic testing to uncover the errors with an interface. This testing is done
with simple data and developed system has run successfully with this simple data. The need
for integrated system is to find the overall system performance.
Steps to perform integration testing:
Step 1: Create a Test Plan
Step 2: Create Test Cases and Test Data
Step 3: Once the components have been integrated execute the test cases
Step 4: Fix the bugs if any and re test the code
Step 5: Repeat the test cycle until the components have been successfully integrated
Name of the Test
Integration testing
Test plan
To check whether the system works properly
when all the modules are integrated.
Test Data
Sample product informations
Table 8.2: Test cases for integration testing
8.2.3 System testing
Ultimately, software is included with other system components and the set of
system validation and integration tests are performed. System testing is a series of different
tests whose main aim is to fully exercise the computer-based system. Although each test
has a different role all work should verify that all system elements are properly integrated
and formed allocated functions.
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Table 8.3: Test cases for Input-Output
Name of the Test
System Testing
Item being tested
Over all functioning of GUI with all functions
properly linked.
Sample Input
Sample text files
Expected Output
All the modules like add product, market etc
working as expected
Actual Output
Application reacts to user inputs in expected
manner.
Remarks
Successful
8.2.4 Validation Testing
At the culmination of black box testing, software is completely assembled is as a
package. Interfacing errors have been uncovered and the correct and final series of tests,
i.e., validation tests begins. Validation test is defined with a simple definition that validation
succeeds when the software function in a manner that can be reasonably accepted by the
customer.
8.2.5 Output Testing
After performing validation testing, the next step is output testing of the proposed
system. Since the system cannot be useful if it does not produce the required output.
Asking the user about the format in which the system is required tests the output displayed
or generated by the system is required tests the output displayed or generated by the
system under consideration. The output format is considered in two ways, one is on screen
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format and the other is printed format. The output format on the screen is found to be
corrected as the format was designated in the system has according to the user needs.
8.2.6 User acceptance Testing:
User acceptance testing of the system is the key factor for the success of the system. A
system under consideration is tested for user acceptance by constantly keeping in touch
with the prospective system at the time of development and making change whenever
required. This is done with regard to the input screen design and output screen design.
8.2.7 GUI Testing:
GUI testing is use to ensure the visual clarity of the system, flexibility of the system, user
friendliness of the system. The various components which are to be tested are:
•
Relative layout
•
Various Links and Buttons
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CHAPTER 9
SCREEN SHOTS
In this CHAPTER we will present some of the screenshots of this project.
9.1 User Signin
Fig 9.1 User Signin
9.2 Welcome Page
Fig 9.2 Welcome Page
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9.3 Bidding Market
Fig 9.3 Bidding Market
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9.4: Create a New Bid
Fig 9.4 Create a New Bid
9.5 Products Uploaded By Me
Fig 9.5 My Products
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9.6 Edit Your Profile
Fig 9.6 Edit profile
9.7 Successful Bidding
Fig 9.8 Successful Bidding
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9.8 Winning Products
Fig 9.9 Winning Products
9.9 Nodes Description
Fig 9.10 Nodes Description
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CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Conclusion
This project provides an E-auction mechanism based on blockchain to ensure
electronic seals confidentiality,non-repudiation, and unchangeability.
We propose the blockchain technology with low transaction cost which is used to
develop the smart contract of public bid and sealed bid. The smart contract, proposed in
1990 and implements via Ethereum platform, can ensure the bill secure, private,
non-reputability and inalterability owing to all the transactions are recorded in the same but
decentralized ledgers. The smart contract is composed of the address of Auctioneer, the
start auction time, deadline, the address of current winner, the current highest price
Future work
In future, we would be working towards scaling our project to enormous amounts of
users and come up with an efficient algorithm for balancing the load across them.
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