Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY
District I-A
NEW CABALAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Name: ____________________________________________
Grade 10 - _________________________________________
Score: _________________
Date: __________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
SCIENCE 10
I.
Introduction
In this lesson, you will understand the relationship among the locations of volcanoes,
earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges.
II.
Learning Competency
Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory.
III.
Objectives
At the end of this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:
1. Describe the distribution of active volcanoes;
2. Locate and label the volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire using a world map; and
3. State the importance of knowing the location of a volcano.
IV.
Discussion
PLATE TECTONICS
Landforms are natural features of the landscape. Examples of these natural physical
features are valleys, plateaus, mountains, plains, hills, loess, and glaciers. Mountains, over long
periods of time, are created by tremendous forces beneath the earth. They have steep tops, and
are usually shaped to a peak or ridge. Mountains occur more often in oceans than on land;
some mountain islands are the peaks of mountains coming out of the water. Mountains are
formed by volcanism, erosion, and the disturbances or uplift in the earth’s crust. Most geologists
believe that the majority of mountains are formed by geological forces – heat and pressure
producing changes under the earth’s crust and movements in the earth’s crust.
They call this movement plate tectonics. This theory states that Earth’s crust and its rigid
upper mantle are broken into enormous slabs called plates that move about at the rate of a few
centimeters per year. The uplift is caused by the collision of plates below the earth’s surface that
triggers various geologic processes that produce this crustal uplift. Now, it is easier to explain
why marine fossils are located at the top of these tall mountains.
Figure 1. Major Tectonic Plates in the World
Volcano
In your previous lessons about Earth Science, you have already discussed the parts and
types of volcanoes: the crater, conduit, and magma chamber; composite, cinder, and shield. You
have classified volcanoes according to their activity – active, do and inactive; examples of these
volcanoes are Mt. Mayon, Mt. Pinatubo, and Mt. Arayat. You have also differentiated between
focus and epicenter, and magnitude and intensity. Focus or hypocenter is the point or origin of
an earthquake while directly above is it the epicenter. Magnitude is the amount of energy released
by an earthquake while intensity is the damage done after a strong earthquake.
A volcano is a feature in Earth’s crust where molten rock is squeezed out onto the Earth’s
surface. This molten rock is called magma when it is beneath the surface and lava when it erupts,
or flows out, from a volcano. Along with lava, volcanoes also release gases, ash, and solid rock.
Volcanoes come in many different shapes and sizes but are most commonly cone-shaped
hills or mountains. They are found throughout the world, forming ridges deep below the sea
surface and mountains that are thousands of meters high. Volcanoes are incredibly powerful
agents of change. Eruptions can create new landforms, but can also destroy everything in their
path.
Subduction is the convergent movement of tectonic plates whereby a denser plate is
pushed beneath a lighter one. Volcanoes are formed in subduction zones or at the boundaries of
Earth’s tectonic plates. These plates are huge slabs of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle, which
fit together like pieces of a puzzle. These plates are not fixed, but are constantly moving at a very
slow rate. They move only about 3 centimeters per year. Volcanoes are most common in these
geologically active boundaries.
Figure 2. Volcanoes form when tectonic plates collide and one plate is pushed beneath another
When they collide, one plate can be pushed beneath another. As the plate sinks it heats up
and dehydrates: water is released from minerals and cracks in the sinking plate. This water is
hotter than the surrounding rocks and rises up into the mantle. The addition of these hot fluids
lowers the pressure and causes the mantle rocks to melt. This molten rock then rises and erupts
on the surface building up a volcano.
Volcanoes also form when plates move apart. Magma rises up and erupts on the surface as
lava where the plates separate, for example, along the Mid Atlantic Ridge.
Figure 3. Mid Atlantic Ridge
This is why we see volcanoes along plate edges, for example all around the Pacific plate;
North and South America, Japan and the Philippines. Sometimes volcanoes can form in the
middle of a plate like Hawaii. Hawaii is there because of a hot mantle plume which rises up from
very deep in the mantle, bringing hot magma to the surface.
Figure 4. Hawaiian Islands
Figure 5. Active Volcanoes, Plate Tectonics, and the “Ring of Fire”
V.
Activities
A. Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. A volcano is a mountain __________________.
a. that is active
b. or hill formed around a crack in the earth’s crust
c. with a pointed peak
d. or hill with a flat top
2. Volcanoes erupt because of __________________.
a. an earthquake happening nearby
b. the earth getting overheated
c. the pressure in the earth forcing the hot rock through a crack
d. The energy it possess needs to be released
3. The point on the crust directly above the hypocenter is the ____.
a. epicenter
c. focus
b. fault plane
d. slip
4. In about how many centimeters do plates move every year?
a. 7 cm
c. 10 cm
b. 8 cm
d. 3 cm
5. Volcanoes are formed as a result of __________________.
a. the trust faulting of a tectonic plate
b. the up warping of a continental plate
c. the divergence of two continental plates
d. the subduction of an oceanic plate underneath a continental plate
B. Mapping: Using the Pacific Ring of Fire map, locate and label the name of each of
the volcanoes listed on the table. Use a different colored marker for stratovolcano
(blue), shield (green), and cinder cone (yellow) volcanoes by coloring its
corresponding number.
No.
Volcano
Country
Type
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Azul
Bezymianny
Cerro Negro
Cotopaxi
Erebus
Katmai
Kilauea
Krakatau
Ksudach
La Palma
Lassen Peak
Mt. Etna
Mt. Fuji
Mt. Pelee
Mt. Rainier
Mount St. Helens
Nevada del Ruiz
Ol Doinyo Lengai
Paricutin
Pinatubo
Sunset Crater
Surtsey
Tambora
Vesuvius
Ecuador
Russia
Nicaragua
Ecuador
Antarctica
United States
United States
Indonesia
Russia
Spain
United States
Italy
Japan
Martinique
United States
United States
Colombia
Tanzania
Mexico
Philippines
United States
Iceland
Indonesia
Italy
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Cinder Cone
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Shield
Stratovolcano
Shield
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Shield
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Cinder Cone
Stratovolcano
Cinder Cone
Shield
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
Last
Erupted
1967
1993
1971
1942
1980
1912
1995
1894
1907
1954
1914
1993
1709
1932
1894
1991
1991
1993
1952
1992
1065
1967
1967
1944
ACTIVITY B
The Pacific Ring of Fire Map
Direction: Using the Pacific Ring of Fire map, locate and label the name of each of the volcanoes listed on the table. Use a different colored marker
for stratovolcano (blue), shield (green), and cinder cone (yellow) volcanoes by coloring its corresponding number.
Guide Questions:
1. Types of volcanoes in the Ring of Fire
a. Number of stratovolcanoes = ___________
b. Number of shield volcanoes = ___________
c. Number of cinder cones = ___________
2. What type of volcano is most common in the Ring of Fire? ____________
3. How many of the volcanoes listed have erupted since 1990? _________
VI.
Assessment
A.
Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which ocean has the ring of volcanoes around it?
a. Artic
c. Indian
b. Atlantic
d. Pacific
2. Which famous Philippine volcano is usually seen in world maps due to its violent
eruption in 1991?
a. Bulusan
c. Mayon
b. Pinatubo
d. Kanlaon
3. All of these have volcano or earthquake activity EXCEPT _____.
a. Australia
c. Philippines
b. Japan
d. Mexico
4. Plates move at a rate of about centimeters per ________________.
a. century
c. month
b. year
d. hour
5. Subduction is ________________.
a. where denser plates sink into the mantle
b. where ridge valleys form
c. occurring mostly in the Atlantic Ocean
d. occurring where continental plates diverge
VII.
Reflection
Let us say you were on vacation in one of your chosen provinces.
1. In which hotel will you choose to stay, near a volcano or away from a volcano? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. If you have chosen to stay in a place near a volcano what precautionary measures will
you always remember?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
VIII.
References
Books
Ferriols-Pavico, B, et.al. Exploring Life Through Science: The New Grade 10. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, 2015.
Baja, R. Nurturing Science 10. Quezon City: Ephesians Publishing, Inc., 2017.
Gregorio, J, et.al. Practical Science 10. Makati City: Diwa Learning Systems, Inc., 2018.
Canyong, P, et.al. Science Grade 10. Sta Ana, Manila: Vicarish Publication and Trading,
Inc., 2016.
Electronic Sources
National Geographic Society (2014). Retrieved from
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/plate-tectonics-volcanic-activity/
Volcanoes | Discovering Geology | British Geological Survey (BGS). Retrieved from
https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/hazards/volcanoes/home.html#:~:text=Volcanoe
s%20form%20when%20tectonic%20plates,ridges%20pushing%20the%20plates%20apart.
&text=This%20molten%20rock%20then%20rises,surface%20building%20up%20a%20volca
no.
U.S. Geological Survey Publications Warehouse. Retrieved from
https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70043848/lesson-1.pdf
Fig 1 and 5. List of Volcanoes (2020). Retrieved from Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_volcanoes#/media/File:Map_plate_tectonics_world.gif
Fig 2. Are the Hawaiian Islands in North America? (2013). Retrieved from Parade
https://parade.com/51667/marilynvossavant/are-the-hawaiian-islands-in-north-america/
Fig 3. Geology plate tectonics mid-atlantic ridge: brgonzalez1: Plate tectonics, Plate
boundaries, Atlantic. Retrieved from Pinterest
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/838795499327729997/
Fig 4. Are the Hawaiian Islands in North America? (2013). Retrieved from Parade
https://parade.com/51667/marilynvossavant/are-the-hawaiian-islands-in-north-america/
Prepared by:
CHRIS JOHN A. SANTOS & MARLA M. REBOGIO
SST – I
SST – III
IX.
Key to Corrections
Activities
Part A
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d
5. d
Part B
Guide Questions
1. a. 17
b. 4
2. stratovolcano
3. 6
Assessment
1. d
2. b
3. c
4. b
5. a
Reflection
(answers may vary)
c. 3