Christ the King Academy
Antequera, Bohol
Member: Bohol Association of Catholic Schools (BACS), Diocese of Tagbilaran
Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP)
VISION: A community geared towards the holistic formation of learners to become productive citizens and faithful servants of Christ the King.
MISSION: Dedicated to educating students in a Christ-centered environment united by our core values of Resilience, Inspiring Leadership and
Striving Excellence.
LEARNING MODULE
IN HEALTH 8
FIRST QUARTER
S.Y. 2022-2023
Week 1-3
Prepared by:
Contact Details:
Contact Number:
MARK JADE A. COSMOD
MAPEH Teacher
09203791499
09457561151
Email add: markjadecosmod@gmail.com
Facebook: Mark Jade Cosmod
Note: Contact Details are provided for student educational support
only.
Christ the King Academy
Antequera, Bohol
Member: Bohol Association of Catholic Schools (BACS), Diocese of Tagbilaran
Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP)
VISION: A community geared towards the holistic formation of learners to become productive citizens and faithful servants of Christ the King.
MISSION: Dedicated to educating students in a Christ-centered environment united by our core values of Resilience, Inspiring Leadership and
Striving Excellence.
Concept Notes in HEALTH 8
WEEK 1-3
Content Standards: The learner demonstrates understanding of human sexuality and managing
sexually-related issues for a healthy life.
Performance
The learner appropriately manages sexually-related issues through
Standards:
responsible and informed decisions.
Learning
 Identifies the different issues/ concerns of teenagers (i.e., identity
Competencies:
crisis) and the need for support and understanding of the family
 Discusses basic terms in sexuality as an important component of
one’s personality
 Explains the dimensions of human sexuality
 Analyzes the factors that affect one’s attitudes and practices related to
sexuality and sexual behaviors
 Assesses personal attitudes that may influence sexual behavior
 Applies decision-making skills in managing sexuality-related issues
21ST Century Skills Critical thinking, communication, collaboration
VALUES
Participation, teamwork, originality, creativity, innovativeness
Gender and Human Sexuality
What is adolescence?
Adolescence is a period when a person undergoes a lot of changes. Primarily, teenagers
experience physical changes that are very observable. Some physiological changes may also be observed
such as the onset of menstruation for the females and the development of hoarse or bold voice for the
males.
This period may bring about many issues that teenagers may be curious about. Their reactions or
attitudes on these issues may have a great influence on their lives. One of these issues is sexuality.
Decisions that teenagers make regarding sexuality or their sexual activity may bring about high impact on
their future. Proper information about sexuality may affect one’s self esteem and may result in having
healthy and wholesome family and social relationships.
What is human sexuality?
Human sexuality may be defined as the measure of maleness and femaleness in one’s individuality
and physical makeup. The way we behave, how we express ourselves and how we react and interact with
all the things around us, including our own body are determined and affected by our sexuality.
Sexuality is something that is biological and natural. Right from the moment an individual is formed
during fertilization, to the time of birth and as he or she grows up, sexuality is a major part of his or her
personality. Learning about love and relationships develops one’s emotional and well-being. To better
understand human sexuality, it is important that we understand the words that associated with sexuality
such as sex and gender.
Sex refers to the biological characteristics of being a boy or a girl as evidenced by the external and
internal parts. It is determined right away at the time of fertilization as the chromosomes inherited from the
mother and father combine. Genetically, a male or a boy has X and Y chromosomes while a female or a
girl has two X chromosomes. Thus, a male may be symbolized as XY, and a female as XX. Sex also refers
to the body functions or physiological characteristics of a person associated with his/ her reproductive
system.
Gender refers to the behavior and attitudes that are expected to be shown based on a person’s
sex. It also refers to the roles and activities that are exhibited by a person as a male or a female as deemed
appropriate or proper by society. A person’s gender may be classified as masculine or feminine.
Why is sexuality an important component of one’s personality?
Sexuality is an important component of one’s personality because it helps a person determine or
define who he/she is. It allows one to easily list down his/ her choices and plan what he/she wants to be in
the future. It is a big factor that influences a person in making his/her decisions in life. Whether he/she will
say yes or no, whether to go or not to go to a certain place, most of the time, depends on his/her sexuality.
What are the dimensions of human sexuality?
Human sexuality is an integration of three dimensions: biological, psychological, and sociocultural.
The Biological Dimension
This dimension is described by the person’s biological or physical sexual characteristics as
controlled by the sex chromosomes and hormones produced by the sexual glands. As mentioned, a female
XX sex chromosomes and a male has XY sex chromosomes. The chromosomes carry the genetic material
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA determines all the traits and characteristics of all living things. A
human being has 46 chromosomes in every nucleus of the cell. Two chromosomes are sex chromosomes
(i.e., XX or XY) which are responsible for all our sex characteristics, being a male or a female, while the
remaining forty-four chromosomes are responsible for all other characteristics that we have which are not
related to sex.
Hormones play an important role in the expression of all physical and physiological sexual
characteristics of a person. As triggered by the hypothalamus that is located at the middle of the brain, the
pituitary gland produces the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Luteinizing
hormone is responsible for the production of sex hormones, testosterone and estrogen. Testosterone
regulates the production of sperm cells and the occurrence of secondary sex characteristics in females.
Follicle-stimulating hormone triggers the egg cell to mature in the ovary.
What are the male reproductive parts?
Biologically, we classify males from females by identifying the reproductive parts present in their
bodies.
Parts
Testes or testicles
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Penis
Urethra
Prostate gland
Scrotum
Function
The male gonads; produces
sperm cells
Stores newly-formed sperm cells
Passageway of sperm cells from
the epididymis to the urethra
Copulatory organ, transfers the
sperms into the female’s body
Passageway
of
semen
(combination of fluid and sperm
cells)
Produces
substance
that
nourishes the sperm
Sac covering and protecting the
testes
What are the female reproductive parts?
Parts
Vagina
Cervix
Uterus
Oviducts
tube)
Ovaries
Function
The birth canal; receives the
sperm cells from the penis
Boundary between vagina and
the uterus
Mother’s womb; houses the
developing fetus
(fallopian Site for fertilization; passageway
of the egg cell
Female gonads; produces egg
cells (ova)
Decisions that a person makes on matters relating to sexuality or sexual activities of a person are
greatly influenced by the person’s education on human reproductive system. Most people who have proper
education on the parts and functions of the reproductive system tend to be more cautious on their sexual
activities.
It is important to emphasize that the main purpose of the human reproductive system is for
procreation or continuation of human life. The female’s ovaries produce egg cells and the male’s testes
produce sperm cells. When the sperm cell fertilizes the egg, a zygote is formed. It is the start of a new life,
a new human being.
The Psychological Dimension
Do you enjoy being a girl? Are you happy being a boy? When you are in front of the mirror and look
closely at yourself, do you like what you see? If your answer is yes, then it is a good sign of being positive
about your own sexuality. If you like what you see in the mirror, you have a positive body image. Accepting
whether you are a boy or a girl and appreciating your physical characteristics after sexual health.
As others would say, “It’s all in the mind.” Whatever you think about yourself will be shown on your
behavior or attitude. Boys and girls with positive body images have a high self-esteem. They are very sure
of themselves in everything they do, in all their choices and show an overall wellness. They show
confidence in mingling and talking with other people, even with the opposite sex. Boys and girls who think
negatively of themselves would often feel inferior to others, indecisive and always conscious if they are
doing the right thing or not. They tend to be antisocial. An antisocial person would shy away from people
and would always want to be alone.
Having the feeling of insecurity, persons with negative body images tend to do things that may
eventually damage them like improper use of drugs as part of their diet program so as to have an ideal
body. Insecurity may also lead to some psychological disorders like anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia
nervosa is a psychological condition. Those who suffer from it always think that they are fat and refrain
from eating. Eventually, they become very thin and lose the appetite to eat. This condition can lead to
death because even if they want to eat, the body is already rejecting the food.
Bulimia is also a psychological eating disorder. Bulimic personas would eat food that they want to
eat but after eating, they would induce vomiting by forcing it out from the throat. This condition damages
parts of the digestive system, especially the pharynx or throat and the esophagus. Persons with a positive
body image and a sound mind usually enjoy a happy and satisfying sexual relationship. Persons with
negative body image and insecurity end up with an unhappy and failing sexual relationship.
What are the factors that affect one’s attitudes and practices related to sexuality and sexual behaviors?
A person’s attitudes and practices related to sexuality and sexual behaviors are affected by the following:
1. Family
Sexual awareness of most people begins at home with the love and affection given by their
parents and siblings. Sexual awareness develops by the manner the parents treat the children in
terms of clothing, toys, games, and hobbies. Gender is strengthened by teaching children how they
should behave. Males are taught to be strong and brave. For many, crying is a sign of weakness
among males. However, this is not always true.
Females are trained to act and speak in feminine ways. As they grow up, females are taught
how to do household chores because it is part of the norms that girls are the ones in charge of such
works. Males are expected to be respectful of girls. Being conservative in talks about sex and
reproduction can also be rooted on one’s family. There are families who are liberated and parents
are open in answering all the questions of their children about human reproductive parts and sexual
activity. There are also families whose parents are very conservative with sex education. Even
mentioning the terms or words associated with sex or reproductive parts are avoided in some
families.
2. Religion
Sexual attitudes and behavior may be greatly influenced by religious beliefs and doctrines.
People differ in their stand on morality for they are differently bounded by their religious and spiritual
beliefs. Others would disagree on premarital sex and extramarital sex. Some people would consider
masturbation as immoral. Certain religions have strong conviction on the sanctity of marriage and
so they reject divorce as an option for marital problems. Others find contraception or the use of
contraceptive methods as sexually immoral.
3. Multiculturalism
The marriage between couples coming from different countries is no longer a new thing
nowadays. Since they come from different countries, they may also have cultural differences
especially in matters of sexuality. Some countries would consider abortion as illegal and morally
wrong but in other countries, it is allowed.
For lowland people and those living in urban areas, it is proper to dress up covering the
reproductive parts but for some, especially ethnic groups, the women would dress up half naked
and the men would just be covered with a piece of cloth enough to cover their reproductive parts.
In countries with liberated people, they do not give so much regard on the virginity of a person
before marriage but in some countries with conservative citizens, virginity is reserved until the
person gets married.
4. Socioeconomic status
Living conditions also affect sexual behavior. It is very observable, especially on depressed
areas with people living in poverty or below poverty line, that most engage in sexual activity at a
very young age and girls end up in teenage pregnancies. Since most of these poor families could
not send their children to school, teenagers tend to mingle with friends of the same age and
eventually engage in sexual activities. Lack of education is also one reason that they become young
parents without seeing the hardship of responsibilities because they do not see better life
opportunities. For some, engaging in sexual activity at a young age is a way for a better
socioeconomic status without much consideration on the romantic aspect of marriage and sexual
reproduction.
On the other hand, people under the middle-class would likely be less aggressive on sexual
activities because they tend to focus first on attaining financial stability for them to give a good life
for their future family. Having a better sex education, single individuals abstain from sexual intimacy
because they know the possible outcome of premarital sex. For married couples, they are more
responsible in terms of sexual behavior. They plan for their family and think of proper spacing for
their children.
5. Peers and friends
It is very common among teenagers to gather together and have their “girls’ talk” or “boys’
talk” thing. Adolescence period is very difficult for parents because it is the time when peers and
friends would have a lot of influence to their teenage children. The time spent by teenagers in
school is considerably longer than at home with parents. Others would socialize with their friends
and same-age neighbors even after classes.
With the influences adolescents get from their peers, there is a tendency for teenagers to
disregard the teachings and advices of their family. They tend to neglect family values and
standards just to be accepted by their peers and to be independent. Peer pressure sets a dilemma
to young people. It is a matter of being accepted or being rejected by the group. Both ways may
have great impact on them. To be accepted in the group. Teenagers observe their peers’ behaviors
and attitudes and their manner of dressing up, and try to imitate them. Some who show behaviors
and attitudes differently from the ways of the group are rejected.
With issues about sexuality and sexual activity, influence comes mostly from peers and
friends. If adolescents are surrounded by peers and friends who openly say words or terms related
to sex or the reproductive system, they are most likely to be speaking in the same manner. To be
sexually involved or to abstain from any sexual activity may also be resulting from imitating the
ways of their peers.
6. Media
Media includes television, radio, movies, and printed advertisements and the widely-used
World Wide Web. These forms of media are not only means for public service but these are also
the sources of information for sexual awareness. Media can influence a person’s sexual behavior
and practices depending on the type of information or program being presented. The effect on the
viewer or listener may be positive or negative. Most programs involving sexuality or sexual activity,
especially in television, are regulated by the government agency, like the MTRCB in the Philippines.
There is a warning like Parental Guidance (PG) or Strict Parental Guidance (SPG) before a
television program starts. These warnings may lead to a positive result, allowing the viewer to be
responsible in terms of sexual behavior.
While there is responsibility on most programs, nowadays, most media programs, like some
reality shows and commercials, are less responsible and less sensitive when it comes to sex and
sexuality.
What are the personal health attitudes that may influence sexual behavior?
Reproductive health education is the primary factor that may influence sexual behavior. People’s
awareness of their body enables them to protect themselves from any diseases or illnesses involving
reproductive parts. Keeping abreast with current information on sexually transmitted diseases would help
them avoid threats on their lives.
Studies show that sexually healthy individuals tend to behave in the following ways:
 Appreciate their own body
 Avoid exploitative relationships
 Interact with both genders in appropriate and respectful ways
 Demonstrate tolerance for people with different values
 Decide what is personally “right” and act upon these values
 Talk with a partner about sexual activity before it occurs
 Seek further information about sexuality
What is the importance of sexuality to family health?
Sexuality plays an important role to family health. Family health results from healthy relationships
revolving around family members expressing love and affection to one another. The sexual intimacy
between the husband and wife shapes how they love and respect each other’s sexuality transfer to their
children the same sexual behavior.
The occurrence of sexual illness and misunderstandings on the gender roles between parents and
siblings may have a significant effect on the health of the family. It will be a big help if the parents who are
educated on sexuality will have an open line of discussion on reproductive concerns, may it be reproductive
parts or illnesses, with their children. It will prevent the children to get misleading information from sources
like their peers, neighborhood, and media.
Teenage Concerns
What are the different issues/ concerns of teenagers?
Adolescence is a period of stress and strain. Simply put, it is a period of worry and tension to
teenagers. There are some issues or concerns that may seem to bother them at this point of their lives.
These issues include identity crisis, sexual identity and sexual behavior, premarital sex, teenage
pregnancies, and abortion.
What is identity crisis?
Identity crisis is a feeling of not being sure about one’s self and what purpose one has in life. This
results to confusion and sadness. Many teenagers experience it. This usually happens when at one time
they will be treated as children and at another time they will be treated as young adults. It is a dilemma
sometimes one some teenagers that they do not know what behavior they should conduct. Others call
them “tweens” since they belong to a group in between being a child and an adult.
What is sexual identity?
Sexual identity refers to the sexual self-concept adolescents or teenagers develop in themselves.
At the first time teenagers recognize their feelings of sexual attraction marks the beginning of their sexual
identity and they carry this on throughout their lives. This is the state when teenagers establish to whom
they are romantically or sexually attracted to. Their sexual identity dictates their sexual behavior or their
sexual acts.
What is sexual orientation?
Sexual orientation is the romantic or sexual attraction one has with other person. This stage is very
critical for at this point, teenagers identify their sexual identity and there is a need for the support and
guidance of the family, especially the parents. The parents must be aware of the personal choices that
their children will make so that they may have an idea on the sexual orientation of their children. It was
mentioned in the first part of the lesson that many factors may influence the sexuality of a person.
Therefore, whatever may be the sexual identity of teenagers, the family must understand them.
The family must also be aware of the sexual activities of their teenage family members. They must
know their set of friends and peers. In this manner, they may always remind them of being responsible
with their sexuality. The mother may advise young girls to take care of their bodies and be careful in having
relationships with the opposite sex. Teenage girls who are already having their monthly period or
menstruation are biologically capable of reproduction. The father may also advise young boys to be
responsible with their sexual activities for they are also capable of reproduction by the time they reach
adolescence.
Teenagers who are entering romantic relationships have the tendency to be involved in premarital
sex, especially those who lack parental guidance. Premarital sex may eventually result to teenage
pregnancy of the girl. Teenage pregnancy brings about danger both for the teenage mother and the child.
Teenage mothers are not psychologically prepared for pregnancy or motherhood. Teenage mothers tend
to have a prolonged labor that delays the delivery of the baby resulting to complications affecting the baby
mostly.
Teenagers who get pregnant are definitely unprepared for this unexpected situation. If there will be
no support from the parents and even from the partner, the teenage mother may think of aborting the baby.
Self-induced abortion is a very dangerous process. It may cause serious infection to the mother, sterility,
or inability to conceive again, and the worst effect is death of the mother.
While teenagers are passing through adolescence, a strong support system must be given to them.
Every member of the family and close friends play vital roles so that teenagers may successfully pass
through this stage of their lives.
Development of Decision-Making Skills in Managing Sexuality-Related Issues
Teenagers are usually impulsive. They tend to do things without thinking. They make decisions
based on their emotions and feelings. With regard to sexuality or managing sexuality-related issues,
teenagers usually fail which may not be attributed to their age and not being prepared psychologically.
Not knowing what to do sometimes, they let others make decisions for them or just imitate the same
decisions as their friends without even thinking of what is really the best thing to do for a certain problem.
To be able to do make responsible decisions in sexuality-related problems or issues, you may use the
following steps as your guide.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Define your problem. People must identify or define their problem personally.
Gather information. Information may come from other people, like family and friends or from reliable
written materials.
Define principles and values. Decisions may be affected by some principles. Teenagers must be
aware of their own personal values, family values, and values of their society. These values may
also affect a decision.
Evaluate potential choices or alternatives. Think of the advantages and disadvantages of each
choice. List down the short term and long term effects on you and your loved ones.
Make a decision. Decide on what is the best choice to solve your problem.
Evaluate your decision. Identify if you made a good or poor decision. Remember that you can
always change your decision. If a poor decision was made, maturity and responsibility may be
shown by correcting and preventing to commit the same mistake.
Christ the King Academy
Antequera, Bohol
Member: Bohol Association of Catholic Schools (BACS), Diocese of Tagbilaran
Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP)
VISION: A community geared towards the holistic formation of learners to become productive citizens and faithful servants of Christ the King.
MISSION: Dedicated to educating students in a Christ-centered environment united by our core values of Resilience, Inspiring Leadership and Striving Excellence.
Name: ______________________________________
Grade and Section: ____________________________
Score: _____________________________
Date: ______________________________
ACTIVITY SHEET IN HEALTH 8
Activity 1: Who Plays the Role?
Your family must be unique in some ways. What does each one of your family member do at
home? Answer the column corresponding to the given role, attitude, or activity.
Role/ Attitude/ Activity
Member of Your
Family
1. Doing household chores like washing the dishes.
2. Driving public utility vehicles.
3. Sewing or stitching clothes.
4. Earning money for the livelihood of the family.
5. Wearing earrings and hair ribbons.
6. Showing strong personality.
7. Plumbing or repairing broken tools or parts of the house.
8. Washing the clothes.
9. Cooking meals for the family.
10. Spending for dinner dates or transportation fares.
Activity 2: Cause and Effect
Show your understanding of the causes and effects of teenage pregnancy by listing down your
answers on this organizer.
Causes
Effects
Teenage
Pregnancy
Christ the King Academy
Antequera, Bohol
Member: Bohol Association of Catholic Schools (BACS), Diocese of Tagbilaran
Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP)
VISION: A community geared towards the holistic formation of learners to become productive citizens and faithful servants of Christ the King.
MISSION: Dedicated to educating students in a Christ-centered environment united by our core values of Resilience, Inspiring Leadership and Striving Excellence.
Name: ______________________________________
Grade and Section: ____________________________
Score: _____________________________
Date: ______________________________
ACTIVITY SHEET IN HEALTH 8
Activity 3: Mind Play
If you were the opposite sex, what picture do you have in mind of the physical characteristics you
may have and the types of clothes you may like to wear? Supply your answers by completing the starting
lines below. Write your answers in the boxes.
If I were the opposite sex, I would be/have
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.
If I were the opposite sex, I would mostly wear
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
Activity 4: Let’s Brainstorm
Apply the steps in responsible decision making to the following case studies.
Case 1
Case 2
Diana is a shy girl. She does not know
how to mingle with others. She is afraid
of being rejected by her peers. But she
wants to have friends and join activities
that are enjoyed by teenagers like her.
Kirk Daniel has to transfer to a new
school because his family changed
residence. He is thinking how he would
be able to adjust to his new school and
how he could gain friends in his
neighborhood.
Case 3
Eugene’s parents are strict with all the
values they want their children to
learn. They want Eugene to concentrate
first on her studies. But in her school,
her classmate, James is very persistent
in courting her. She also has a crush
on James but is afraid to disobey her
parents.