Chapter 1 - Exercises
1.
2.
3. Define simple random sampling.

Simple random sampling is the process of obtaining a sample of size n from a population
of the same size n. The sample is then called a simple random sample.



A sample of size n from a population of size N is obtained through simple random
sampling if every possible sample of size n has an equally likely chance of occurring. The
sample is then called a simple random sample.
Simple random sampling is the process of using chance to select individuals from a
population to be included in the sample. The sample is then called a simple random
sample.
Simple random sampling is the process of selecting individuals from a population using a
convenient sample. The sample is then called a simple random sample.
4. For 216 alligators captured in four different lakes, researchers classified the primary food
choice (in volume) found in the alligator's stomach in one of the categories - fish, invertebrate,
reptile, bird, or other.
Use the bar chart to answer the following questions.
5. An analysis of 50 train derailment incidents identified the main causes listed below, where T
denotes bad track, E denotes faulty equipment, H denotes human error, and O denotes other
causes. Construct a frequency table, and include a column for relative frequencies. . What was
the most common cause of derailment?
O–H–O–E–T–O–E–H–O–O–E–O–O–H–H–H–O–E–T–O–E–O–T–E–O–T
–O–H–E–T–E–T–O–O–H–O–T–O–H–H–H–T–T–T–E–H–O–O–H–E
Cause
Frequency
Bad Track
10
Faulty
10
Equipment
Human Error
12
Other
18
The most common cause of derailment was Other.
Relative
Frequency
0.20
0.20
0.24
0.36
6. A survey was conducted on the budget for the federal government. Out of those who
participated in the survey, 43% said to increase spending, 14% said to decrease spending, 29%
said to keep spending the same, and 14% either had no opinion or refused to answer. Sketch a
bar chart to display the survey results.
7. Bank clients were asked to indicate their level of satisfaction with the service provided by the
bank's tellers. Responses from a random sample of customers were as follows: 68 were very
satisfied, 58 were moderately satisfied, 6 had no opinion, 5 were moderately dissatisfied, and 2
were very dissatisfied.
b. Construct a pie chart. Choose the correct answer below.
8.
c. Add relative frequencies and percentages to this frequency table.
No. years
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8+
Count (Frequency)
922
629
487
494
291
52
45
25
49
Relative Frequencies
(922/2994)=0.308
0.21
0.163
0.165
0.097
0.017
0.015
0.008
0.016
Percentage
0.308*100=30.8
21.0
16.3
16.5
9.7
1.7
1.5
0.8
1.6
9. A frequency table of grades has five classes (A, B, C, D, F) with frequencies of 2,11, 17, 8, and
3 respectively. What are the percentages and cumulative frequencies of the five classes?
Grade
Frequency
Percentages
A
B
C
D
F
2
11
17
8
3
(2/41)*100=4.88
26.83
41.46
19.51
7.32
Cumulative
Frequency
2
13
30
38
41
10. The following data represent the number of potholes on 35 randomly selected 1-mile
stretches of highway around a particular city.
Construct a frequency histogram of the data. Choose the correct answer below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Construct a relative frequency histogram of the data. Choose the correct answer below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
11. The following data show the ages of recent award-winning male actors at the time when
they won their award. Make a frequency table for the data, using bins (classes) of 20-29, 30-39,
and so on.
33 – 34 – 40 – 39 – 58 – 41 – 48 – 61 – 21 – 57 – 38 – 42 – 70 – 42 – 47 – 34 – 40 – 38 – 48 – 50 –
42 – 39 – 42 – 63 – 33 – 33 – 53 – 42 – 41 – 71 – 42 – 59 – 35 – 37
Age
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-69
70-79
No. of
actors
1
11
13
5
2
2
12. Children living near a smelter were exposed to lead, and their IQ scores were subsequently
measured. The histogram given below was constructed from those IQ scores.
Estimate the frequency for each of the six score categories.
Category 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99 100-119 120-139
Frequency
7
19
34
19
3
1
b. How many subjects are represented in the histogram?
83
c. What are the lowest and highest possible IQ scores included in the histogram?
The lowest possible score is 20 and the highest possible score is 139.
13.
14.
15. The histogram shows the annual average temperatures for the past 44 years for a local park.
16. The following data table contains the annual average temperatures from 1950 to 2000 of a
certain city. Construct a time plot to investigate a possible trend over time. Choose the correct
time plot below. The y-axis is the annual average temperature, and the x-axis is the year.
Year
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
Average Temperature
53.4
56.9
56.4
55.1
53.8
52.3
53.3
55.5
54.1
53.1
56.6
59.6
55.1
58.2
56.3
59.2
54.5
59.6
54.6
58.3
58.6
59.9
56.1
61.5
58.6
58.5
58.6
57.9
61.9
57.1
56.9
60.2
58.5
62.1
58.1
58.9
58.9
63.9
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
62.9
63.1
60.8
64.3
60.4
64.2
65.1
62.5
64.5
64.1
60.3
60.5
62.3
17. For a Ph.D. thesis that investigated factors affecting diesel vehicle emissions, J. Yanowitz of
the Colorado School of Mines obtained data on emissions of particulate matter (PM) for a
sample of 62 vehicles driven at high altitude (approximately one mile above sea level). All the
vehicles were manufactured between 1991 and 1996. The sample contained roughly equal
proportions of high- and low-mileage vehicles. The data, in units of grams of particulates per
gallon of fuel consumed, are presented in Table given below.
7.59
2.06
8.86
8.67
5.61
6.28
4.04
4.40
9.52
1.50
6.07
17.11
3.57
2.68
6.46
5.23
12.26
4.35
10.14
5.29
5.54
19.91
3.84
9.20
5.64
3.46
8.50
2.37
7.31
2.07
2.44
7.81
3.81
2.09
1.71
3.01
7.18
5.32
6.32
3.32
13.63
6.95
5.84
6.53
1.83
13.02
18.64
2.89
6.32
7.56
13.38
7.10
4.68
2.01
9.24
6.04
1.85
5.91
3.22
5.66
9.14
5.60
Construct a frequency distribution (tally marks, frequency, percentage of frequency, cumulative
frequencies, both type of percentages of cumulative frequencies).
18. The data in below Table concern the geyser Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park. This
geyser alternates periods of eruption, which typically last from 1.5 to 4 minutes, with periods of
dormancy, which are considerably longer. Table presents the durations, in minutes, of 60
dormant periods. The list has been sorted into numerical order.
42
55
68
75
80
84
45
55
69
75
80
84
49
56
70
76
80
85
50
56
71
76
81
86
51
57
72
76
82
86
51
58
73
76
82
86
51
60
73
76
82
88
51
66
74
79
83
90
53
67
75
79
83
91
53
67
75
80
84
93
Construct a frequency distribution (frequency, percentage of frequency, cumulative
frequencies, both type of percentages of cumulative frequencies). Draw steam and leaf display.
19. There is a process for growing a thin silicon dioxide layer onto silicon wafers that are to be
used in semiconductor manufacture. Table presents thickness measurements, in angstroms, of
the oxide layer for 12 wafers. Nine measurements were made on each wafer. Draw a histogram
for the given data.
90.0
91.8
90.3
92.6
91.1
76.1
92.4
91.3
92.2
94.5
91.1
90.3
89.8
90.2
91.7
90.1
94.9
93.9
93.3
92.8
91.5
96.8
91.6
95.4
92.7
77.3
93.5
91.6
91.5
84.6
91.1
89.6
91.6
92.0
87.2
92.7
90.6
93.3
88.0
90.7
88.2
89.9
88.1
91.7
93.1
95.7
92.4
95.8
92.0
87.9
90.1
89.3
88.9
90.9
88.7
91.7
98.2
92.8
91.9
95.5
92.5
100.3
92.9
97.9
96.0
93.3
94.5
93.6
92.4
95.2
92.6
95.7
96.7
92.0
94.1
91.7
93.7
94.6
91.5
97.4
93.9
93.7
95.3
95.1
87.9
94.0
92.8
96.7
90.4
89.3
93.4
77.5
92.0
90.1
92.2
91.4
90.5
91.3
89.4
90.5
95.2
92.7
94.5
95.2
94.3
94.5
95.4
93.1
Histogram
80
70
60
Frekans
50
40
Frekans
30
20
10
0
80
85
90
95
Bin
100
105
Diğer