Rob Bruñía, Cor van Wijgerden
Workbook Step 1
Ñame:
Date of birth:
Street:
Place:
School:
Club:
Learned chess from:
Trainer:
Fhe board
a8 b8 c8 d8 e8
f8 98 h8
a? b7 c7 d7 e7
f7 g7 h7
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5
g6 h6
f5 g5 h5
flfth
rank
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3
f3 g3 h3
a2 b2 c2 d2 e2
f2 g2 h2
a1 b1 d d1 e1 f1 g1 h1
The chess board consists of
squares. It has 64 squares
arranged 8 x 8. In chess
language they are called
white and black squares.
The board is positioned correctly when a white square is
in the lower right hand córner; 'white on right'.
All of the squares have a
ñame..
The square marked is
called b2.
The square marked
is
called e4.
The square marked is
called f6.
In this diagram all the ñames
are indicated in the squares.
Ranks ('rows') go from one
side to the other. They are
indicated with numbers. All
squares with number 1 (al, bl,
el, di, el, fl, gl and hl) are
on the first rank.
All squares with number 5 are
on the fifth rank.
Files ('columns') go from bottom to top and are indicated
with letters. All squares with
an h (hl through h8) are on the
h-file.
All eight files and eight ranks
are equally long.
s £\ .& «
A A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A A
All squares al, b2, c3, d4, e5,
f6, g7 and h8 lie on a diagonal (slanting Une).
Not all diagonals are of equal
length. The shortest diagonals
are only two squares long
(e.g. al/bS).
The longest diagonals consist
of eight squares. There are
two of them: al/h8 and hl/a8.
The starting position.
The pieces on the board
should be set up like this. We
view the position from the
side of the white player.
White always begins a game;
he makes the first move.
Notice where the white queen
is standing. She is always on
a white square.
iáláiáiá
In the diagram the board is
shown from the viewpoint of
the black player. Once again
the white player makes the first
move.
Note the position of the black
queen. She is standing on a
black square.
Firststep
Naming the squares: A
Board
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
a
b
c
d
e
f
a
b
c
d
e
f
BHJ;
a
b
*=
c
d
e
f
A=
g
h
A=
*=
^=
g
h
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
1=
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
a
b
c
d
e
f
a
b
c
d
e
f
7
6
5
4
3
2
I
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
a
Naming the squares: B
Board
^8
8
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
2,
2
2
i
a
b
c
•=f2
d
e
f
•= g7
g
h
4= c6
b
c
0=35
d
e
f
g
•= e8
h
a
+= h3
JQUL
•
• M
•
2
1
a
b
c
•=h8
d
e
f
B=d1
g
h
ív-;«
a
+=c5
c
d
e
f
B=e3
g
c
•=g2
d
e
f
"=e5
g
b
•=c6
c
d
B=g1
f
g
4=d8
+= c4
8
7
:
; :;f:
6
5
4
3
3
2
9
HH
«
1
a
b
c
•= f7
d
e
f
•= b2
g
h
4= d4
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
9
h
h
h
8
1
a
+= b6
e
•= d6
g
IH m iw* •• 4
*= b4
b
c
•= d2
d
e
f
•= h6
g
h
1
a
*=f5
b
c
•= g4
d
e
f
•= f1
g
h
+= c4
sy
8
8
7
'
7
6
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
a
f
5
h
1
b
e
1
:.,, i
.I/
b
«=96
8
a
•= a1
d
6
4
3
c
7
7
5
b
'
8
6
1
1
a
8
1
a
b
*=f1
c
d
B=c5
e
f
g
h
^= a3
1
a
b
•= a7
c
d
•= e5
e
f
g
h
^= g6
First step
Moves of the pieces
All the pieces move in their own way on the chessboard.
+
+
1
I
The rook can move to all squares marked with a
plus. There are 14 of them.
The rook moves straight, forwards, backwards,
or sideways. The rook can move to 14 different
squares from e4.
The bishop can move to all the squares marked
with a plus. There are 13 of them.
The bishop moves diagonally, forwards or backwards. The bishop can move to 13 different
squares from d5.
1
The queen can move to all the squares marked
with a plus. There are 27 of them.
The queen can move like a rook, and like a bishop. The queen moves straight, diagonally,
forwards or backwards. The queen can move to
27 different squares from e5.
The knight can move to all the squares marked
with a plus. There are 8 of them.
The knight moves one square straight and one
square diagonally. The knight can move to 8
different squares from d4.
• The queen has the most possibilities.
Therefore she is the strongest piece.
• The rook has a lower valué than the queen, but
is still stronger than the other pieces.
44-
< f > :•+;
-i-
• The bishop and the knight are equally strong.
+
The king can move to all the squares marked
with a cross. There are 8 of them. The king
moves straight or diagonally, but only one
square at a time. The king can move to 8 different squares from c3.
• The king is a special case. He is the most
important one!
-
Rules of the game
Moves of the pieces: A
•AW
1
Firststep
Attacking and taking
On the left, the rook 'eyes
up' the squares marked with
a plus.
At right, the rook 'eyes up'
not only all the squares
marked with a plus, but also
the black knight. The rook is
aimed at the knight.
This is called: attacking.
On the left, the white queen
is attacking the black queen.
The queen on a4 can capture
the queen on d7.
On the right, the white queen
has captured the black queen.
The queen comes to rest on
the square that the black
queen had occupied. The
latter is removed and no
longer takes part in the game.
White can take the black
knight with his rook.
The white rook cannot take
the bishop because the knight
is blocking its path.
Queens, rooks and bishops
are not allowed to jump over
enemy pieces.
£
In the left half the white
queen cannot capture the
black bishop. His own piece,
the white bishop is standing
in the way.
Also at right, the white queen
cannot capture. The white
bishop can capture the black
bishop. Queens, rooks, and
bishops are not allowed to
jump over their own pieces.
The knight can, of course,
also capture.
At left, the knight can
capture the queen.
At right, the knight can
choose between taking the
queen or the rook. The
knight may also make
another move.
For all the pieces, remember: Taking is not compulsory.
It is allowed, but is not obligatory.
At left, the white knight on
b3 jumps over the black
pieces to capture the black
rook.
It is simple to jump over
one's own pieces.
At right, the knight on g2
takes the black bishop on h4.
The knight is the only piece
that is allowed to jump.
f
Rules of the game
Moves of the pieces: B
A
+ for moving
O for taking
Bd5
Rd4
£
__._
Qe5
Rc7
Be3
Rc5
Qg4
Nd6
Qe2
Bd6
Nd3
I
Attacking
Creating an attack: A
1
I
I
The pawn
Each player has eight pawns. The pawn move is not similar to the moves of other pieces. In fact,
everything is different.
iiiiiiii
A
i
A
A
AAAAAAAfi
A pawn can move one square
forward. On its fírst move
the pawn can chose whether
it wants to move one or two
squares forward. After this,
the pawn can only move one
square forward each turn.
The white pawns play from
bottom to top.
The black pawns always play
from top to bottom.
The pawn takes diagonally
forward, not straight. It is the
only piece that captures differently from the way that it
moves.
The pawn on d5 can choose
between taking the bishop or
the knight. He can also advance forward one step.
The pawn on g3 can play
only after the black pawn has
takenonh3.
Each side has 8 pawns in the
starting position. They are
standing on the 2nd and 7*
rank.
A pawn is the only chess
piece that may not move
backwards. He also may not
capture backwards. This
means that the white pawns
can never stand on the fírst
rank and the black pawns
never on the eighth rank.
«i
A
If a pawn reaches the back
rank, it can change into a
queen, rook, bishop or knight
of the same colour.
The pawn cannot remain on
the square. The pawn is promoted. The pawn cannot
change into a king.
Pawn f7 chooses:
m a & A
Pawn b2 chooses:
W I
10
Pawns may not jump, neither
over their own pieces, ñor
over the enemy pieces.
The white a-pawn cannot
move. The black g-pawn
cannot move two squares
forward because the bishop
is in its way, ñor can it take
the queen. The only move is
one step forward to g6.
A pawn:
• can choose to move one or
two squares on its fírst
move
• may not move backwards
• takes differently (diagonally) from the way it
moves (forward)
• can change to a piece of
the same colour (except a
king) when it reaches the
opposite end of the board
% JL
First step
Moves of the pawn: A
Rules ofthe game
A
A i
i
J.
A
A
A
A
Rf.
A
A
u
Attacking
Creating an attack: A
J.
I
II
11
i
i
i
te
A
A
A
A
I
A i
A
A A
12
Firststep
Defending
I
J.
+
4-
A piece which is under attack
can often be saved.
The bishop at left is being
attacked, but he can defend
himself by moving to one of
the six squares marked with a
plus.
On the right, the black knight
can only move to one square
where it cannot be captured.
On the left, the queen attacks
the knight. The knight does
not have to move away.
Instead, the rook can protect
the knight on c7 or b8. If
White then takes the knight,
the black rook takes the
queen.
At right, Black can protect
his attacked bishop by
moving his rook one square
backward (to f7).
On the left, the black rook is
attacked. The rook can move
away, but it can also capture
the white rook.
Capturing (or taking) is the
third way of defence.
The black queen on the right
can escape from the bishop's
attack by moving away. In
this case it is better to take it,
because the bishop is not
protected.
i J.1
i
A
On the left, the queen is
attacked; she can move
away. Black has another way
to defend himself from this
attack. He can interpose the
bishop on b6.
At right, Black can choose
from three ways of defending
the attacked knight. Moving
away, protecting with the
rook on f6, or interposing the
rook on g5. The black pawn
protects the rook.
A
There are two special ways
of protecting which are
somewhat different from the
previous examples.
At left, White can protect the
knight by advancing the
pawn. The pawn move frees
up a path for the rook.
On the right, the white rook
is not interested in taking.
White protects the rook by
moving it to g3.
The rook on e? is under
attack. He can be defended in
various ways. In chess you
can defend yourself by:
• moving away
• protecting
• taking
• interposing
Black can play either:
1. ... Re7-a7 (moving away)
1.... Bg7-f6 (protecting)
1. ... Re7xe4 (taking)
1.... Bg7-e5 (interposing)
L3
Protecting: A
Defending
1
A
i!1
A
A
A Ai
*
i
A
'é'
A A%
A
A
A
AAA
AA
A
A
<á?AA
;
A
<||s) AL
AA
A
^
A
A
A A
A A
i!
A
A A J.
A
a
•ni
•I m
IB n
^
A
A
A
AA
A
A
A
A
:
A
14
A
A
A
A
&
U^
A
-1 ILB
A
<É>
A
A
A A A A
A
^
A
JÉ
v^H
AAA
fe A A
••
(SrS)
1
<^M)
A
A
% Á, A
ÜH t 9H
W
flHt
isr
t
É.
A
AA
A
1
A
A
A
A !_•_•_•
A £>
A
&
AAA
:
A
i
A
:„
%
<¿>
A
<^g)
A A
%A
:
^ A
AA%
A
A
A
A
A <É> A :
A A
é
A A
A
J.A
A
A
<É>
n
%
A
A
A IA
A
A A
M&
1
A
%
A £\
A
B
A
A
A
<á?
J.A
A
;
A
A
.A
F/V5< step
Moving away: A
Defending
A
ili
A
A
A
A
tjBgji)
A
A A
(^g>
A
A
%
A
I
AA
A
A
^
A A
& A iirii
A
AA
&
AA
Á, Á,\
g
A A
A
ó
A A
&A
A
A
% A
6
•Jfta
W
1^=1
^*
A
A
A
*
A
AI
%
A
AA
•ft
A
A
A
A ./•
,
A
A
&
^:"':1^1
*.
A
&j
A
A
j-fl
A
A
+
A
A
• ^A
A
A
;
W
±
A
&
^"BHBB
•H^^^^^H
A
AA
é>
A
A
A
1
15
A
A
¿
A
•
É. A
A
A
A
A
A
A
$i
:A
A <á> A
fi
I
A A
igf
A
A
^
A¡
:
<¿>
'á* A
%A
A
A
«i
A
< )
i
'ó'
W
Ni
A
A
é A
AA
'
I
A*
A
A
A A
A
fl
A
A A
A
' ' • JaL
15
•
Taking an unprotected piece: A
Material
1
4
A
A
II • ' 4
|
A
AI
I
I
£
Jt
4
'á1
44
E
4^4
|;
4Ü
A%
•
H
']
A A
1
•"
e5t=
A
A
4
I. ' \'A..- ' •••
4
A
^
A
áí
^™
A
ilf 4
4 4
A
n-
--á=
1A
AA
A <&
A
A A
•
lB'4 4
Éí
Wf
4
A
4
W J. 4
•
4
1
^^%MMBgj^^^
£ 4
•
HH^^
:4
• •f"W
A
A
A
^i
A ' :;
A é
_
£44
A
A
A
4
44
4
A 4
4 é> 4
44
A
4
l^jBL
A
A A A
16
AA
^g>
4
4 4
>!
A
A A
fl
£ A
A A
^•JTji&í
A
&
ÉL A A A
F/rs? s/ep
Defending
Taking the attacker: A
•
A
v Aw
A
i
A é>
A
A
A<á?
(Bgi)
±
a j.
A A%
^A
A
i, *•
•r • • A
I
A
H
¿2
I
'••'"'. A
,:
. .
A á>
$
^ j.
A
W
ll
A
A
AI*
A
á»
A
41
A
A
A
-
fl
*
M
A ^^
JL
A
i^g?
l j
A
A
w
A
%
AA
AS A A
A % A
A
A £1 A
A
• • • &
i^
«á,
A
«&
A
*
"&
A
A1 A
A „,
<¿>
A
A
A
A
Hl > w v
A
^p
A
M.
A
A
A
*^( ' •*
*
^p A I
%A
•
A
A
1
!
'A
A
: AA
A
*f
A i
A
i
A1
A
A
í
*
A
A
^A
A
rir
A
A^
A
A
A
^A
A
A A
1 á>
^
•MB
A
A
17
Taking an unprotected piece: B
Material
I
éiii
%
ii
A AA
A
&
* A A A!
A
i ii
i
A
A
I
A
1
i ió
i i
A i
%
£ I
ii
i
*
WI
Ai
A
A
A A
1
i i
i
A
A A A
Itr
i i
2 w
ii
ii
i
A
A
A
A
i
A
Jj
A
«i i i
i
A
i
a
i
i1
i
A
A AW
A A A
1
A
i
Ai i i
i
% A
A
A
i&
i i
Ai
i
a
i
A A
18
A A A
Jl
A A
a i
i
i
A
A
AA
A
A
AA A
A
i• i i
i
A
A
A
A
ir
W
A A £>
i
i
%
A
A
A
F/'rsí 5?ep
Test
Repetition: A
V
& I™"BABI
^SjEBL
•
Creating an attack
Which move can the pawn play?
1ÉF
%
BM^^^^^^JP^M^^^^^^MBB^^
•QB A
:
A
'
Í¿1
Attacking
A
í
*
Attacking
A
>
.:,:
•
:
a
Defending
b
c
•= d5
A é A
¿dk
VJjfí
A
Jt
A A
% A
A
A
A
AA
AA
. A
A A ;:;
fi
A
A
J,
d
e
f
•= O
A
A
A
A
%
AH
g
h
4= e7
'É1
A
A A
A
A
A
A
íl?
Taking an unprotected piece
Al
A
A
<"f
'
A
A
&
1
\Ulí
HIIB*
Defending
Defending
; ^>
^
A
^ 4Éi^Ü
A
.
-
A
A
Creating an attack
+ = moving
O = taking
Taking an unprotected piece
19
Test
Mix: A
ili>
S, *Bi
*
A
£
i >
ó
<i|@
A A
A
A
^H 1
^B
A
^Sft
A
Al
AW
s
:
A
"
*
A
a
Defending
1S?
I
¿
AA
<é> A
A
&
A
A
Attacking
:
i
A
A
v
á>
A "T?
S
É>
A
A :
-
^
Taking an unprotected piece
).-,
ü&\
•^H
A A
* A
A
t^g)
A'
•A^
A
A »
<¿>
A
t
A
A
A A A
+ for correct queen moves
- for bad queen moves
A
A
£
• •!• •
>é
A
A¿
W
+ for correct bishop moves
- for bad bishop moves
A
A
A
W
A
^
O = taking
I
}
A
A
•
;
4- = moving
s
•Oí
20
-
Defending
Defending
a
A 1•
A
I
A
1
A
A-í' A
¿kl¡
A
A
JL
4,
Taking an unprotected piece
<é> A
A
A A
*A
n
1
A
A A
rjj^i
g
A
Defending
J.
JL
A
&A
4A
I i
Attacking
JL&
JÍL
A
A A
A
A
•
;;
A A
Defending
First step
Check and getting out of check
At the upper leñ the rook is
attacking the king. An attack
on the king is something
special and has its own
ñame: check.
In the other positions the
king is also in check.
If in a game you attack the
king of your opponent, you
may say: "check."
The king may never remain
in check. the king can thus
never be captured.
At the top in this diagram,
the black king must move to
b8.
At the bottom, White cannol
move his king. He must
move his pawn.
The king may never place
himself in check; he can also
never give check. There must
always be one square between
the two kings.
How do we get out of check?
Moving away
Taking
Interposing
At left, the king is in check.
He can choose one of three
squares to move to.
At right, he can only move to
two squares.
At left, the black king can
take the white queen and he
will no longer be in check.
At right, the white rook can
take the bishop, which is
giving check.
At left, Black can escape
from check by moving his
knight on c7 between his
king and the white rook.
At right, the bishop's move
to £2 cuts off the queen's line
of attack.
moving away
with the king
Getting out of check: • taking
with another piece
• interposing
21
Giving check: A
Attacking
i
%<é> i jt
"!•
i
A
A A
i
1
A i
A A
i
A
J.
A
4 Á á
A
A
A
A A!
ii
A
A i ái
I
A A A
J. 1
A A A
A A
A
A
A
A
A A A
A A
A A
A A
fe
A A A
*
A
I
A
A A A
A A
J.
A
A
A
A
22
A A
¡A A
A A
A á
A
A
á
A
á
Á
A
*i I
á
A
A
!•
A
A
A
A
A A
A
First step
Defending
Getting out of check: A
1á
A A
A A
A
i
A
A A
A
A Am
i 1
A!
11
^1
IAA
A
A A
A A
á i
i á Á
A
^¡U
<«*)
V
01
A
A
A
A
A A
A A A
A A
*
A
A A
&A
AA
A
AA
AAAA
AA
<á?
A
1AAA
A A
1 A
•A
A
A A
A A A
A A A
i
A A A
111
¡A A
A A Al
A A A
«T A A A
A
A
A A
A •TH
A
A A
£> A A A
A A A^
A A A
2 "i
Defending
Getting out of check: B
J.
1
A
A
A
A &
A
A
A
A|
i
A
A i
i
J.
I
A
A
I
A
A
A
A
1
W
A
A
A A
1 <É
A
A
A A A
i á A
Mífr
w
±
A
A A
24
Al
W
A
£>
A
¡A A
A
Al
A
A A
A
First slep
Checkmate
«r*
The queen is attacking the
black king, thus the king is in
check and Black must
remove the check. Moving
away or interposing a piece
is not possible. The only
possibility for Black is to
take the white queen.
In this position black is also
in check. Now the king can
no longer take the white
queen. The queen is protected; she is assisted by the
bishop. Black is in check and
there is no way to get out of
it.
Black is checkmated.
The knight is protecting the
queen on b6. Black is in
check and he can do nothing
to remove it. Black has been
checkmated.
On the right, White has been
checkmated. The black
queen is safely protected by
her bishop.
Checkmate ends of the game.
The player who delivers checkmate wins and receives one point. The player who has been
checkmated loses and receives no points. The outcome:
1-O if White wins
0-1 if Black wins
1
The rook is guarding all
squares on the seventh rank.
The black king can only
move to squares d8 or f8.
In the lower portion Black
guards e ven more squares.
White is not checkmated yet,
for mate, a check is needed.
He can mate with the queen
onñ.
The queen is guarding the
seventh rank. The rook can,
by giving check on the eighth
rank, deprive the king of his
last escape square.
At the bottom checkmate has
been delivered. The white
king is in check and there are
no more possible moves.
At left, White can give
checkmate with the rook on
el.
Each rook has its own task.
The b-rook protects the
b-file, while the c-rook
checks. Both are needed for
mate.
At right, the queen checkmates on g2. She is supported by the pawn on f3.
25
Mate
Mate in one: A
'
g
26
1
First step
Creating mate: A
Mate
A
A
A
A A
i
i
Ai
A
A
A
A
27
Mate
Creating mate: B
I
A
A
á
Á
i
i
i
A
A '&
A
A
A
A
A
28
1
T
1
g
ui
Mate in one: C
Mate
Á A
á
1
A A!
1
& A
á i
A
A
A
f
i
30
¡A
_A_ &HB
(^M)
Á
First step
Mate
Creating mate: C
V
A
A
A
1
A i
A
A
A
A
A
A<á?.A
A
J.
A
A
A
A
A
A A
*I
1
A
A!
%A
A A
A é>
Al.
A A
A
A
A
A
A
<±>
A
A
A A
A
I A «á?
31
Mate
Creating mate: D
á
1
i
Á
A
A
á
A
A
A
A
A
A
1
i
JHB
A
a
32
A
A
A
WA A
A
F/ri/ step
Mate in one:
Mate
i á
i
á
A
A
A
1
A
A
Jt
<s™
i i
á
I
A
1
E
®»
^»
A
A
1
•
á
A
i
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
33
Mate
Mate in one: I
1
1
fi
A
AA
A
<á? A
A
A%
&
w2
A
A
Jl
A
A
A
JL A
A
A
AW
^A
A
•
fl
*
!
.H
|0:
A
• A
'A
A
A A
A
r
<á?
i
A• AW
A
A A
A
^A
A
&
AW
A
A*
^
«á?
:
2
Ha
HP
A
A
A
f|?
A A
A
A
A
A%
^
A
r
^ - I
•B~ ^^H
Jb>
fiBr
W
js.
A
A A
J. A
A
A
A ^i
®
A
A
A
tíííí
1
•
afl m
A
A A
MH
;;
A
A
A •
E 'É*
W AAA
%
«É*
g?
i^g)
^
.' W
a
* A
s
?;:
^H^H
A
A
^
A
A
W
•
•
A A J.
A
¿A
A
®
fí
A
A •
A
^ fi
A
*
i«¿»i
A
A
I
fi
A A
Wá
A A
A A
<¿>
W
2
A
A
F/re? step
Mate
Mate in one: F
A A
iA
i
A
IA
A
A
1 A
A A
A
I
AWA
A A
A
A A
A A
A
A
A
A
A
A A
A
1
A A
A
A
A A
A J.
A
A
A
%A
A
A
EL
-
I8Ü
'
I
A
A
A
A A
A
A
A
s.
1
£
A A
A A
A
A A
Al
A
i
A
A
1
A
A A
I1
A
35
Mate in one: G
Mate
AA A
A
É.
A
A A
A á
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A A
A
A
A A A
A A A
A A
A
A A
A
A A
A
jf
A
A
A
A
1
(S||)
A A
A A
AA
A
A
A
A
A
A A
I
i £
A
A
A 4£i
A
A
36
HA
Al
A A
A A
A
%
A
A A Ai
A
JlA
A
A
A
AA A
A
First step
Mate in one: H
Mate
w
•*
A A
A A
A*
~f •
^
"£> A A
A
^
A
-•
A
A
fa Jl A
A A1T
A A
A
%AAA
A
A
^
¡A
0
A
A A A
1
M IÉF •
WA AA
AAA
A
A
A
A
A^
A
£>
A
A A A
A A A
%:
1
AV
A A
A
^A
AAA
AAA
fi Á, W &
| II
1
AAAW4fc
%
&^ A
¡A A
A
;
a
AA
s ^
--;.:.
i^S
;;f:;¡
^BB
I A - iMI A
^
• A ^A
A
%
A A
I
A^A
A
AA
" '&
WA
t r-i
"61 E
•
AA
Al
A A
HB
AA
A A Ü
l^HI Q B^B
^ fi
A
A
A
A
A m
r
I*
1
A
A
ÍLÍ A
<^ A
<É>
S
A A
%A
A
^^B
A A
&
<É>
A A A A A
A
1% A W ^ A
,
:;:/
W ^ é fti W
!f $1
A &|
A
A
A
±A
A A W
A
Á, w A
A
^
A
A%
I;í
1
^
AA
A
A
S<á?
'. £
A A
Al
f*~
AA
A
¡§w
^A
AAA
BH
ñ.
n—
f1
AA%
*
*
AAA
=H=
<^>
:
^ A
A < ¿
Á
jf.-^::-
A
AA
I
AAA
.fl*
37
Castling
Castling is a move with king and rook at the same time: • The king moves two squares to the side
• The rook jumps over the king
Castling offers safety to the king and brings the rook into play.
A A A
A A A
before castling
A A A
A A A:
after castling kingside
!
A A A
*_.!__
A A Al
i
after castling queenside
You may not castle:
A
A A A
A A Al
If the king has moved (even
if he is onel again).
A A A
A
A A A!
A A A
A
If the rook has moved (even
if he is on hl again)
If one of your own (or your
opponent's) pieces is in the
way.
1
A
A A A
A A A
If the king is in check.
A A
A
A
If the king passes through
check.
A A A
w
A A;
If the king will be in check
after castling.
If it is only the rook which is
attacked then you may castle.
In the lower left diagram
White may castle kingside,
but not queenside.
A A A
38
. i. A
A
A
First step
Castling: A
Rules of the game
AAA
A A A
á A
A A
i áÁ
J.A
A
A A
A A A
A A
A A
ii
A
A A
i
J.
i1
A
tí
A
A
A á
A
A A A
A
May White castle queenside?
o yes
o no
i
A
i
A
A
A
Á Ai
May White castle kingside?
o yes
o no
May Black castle kingside?
O yes
o no
r
May White castle kingside?
o yes
o no
May Black castle kingside?
o yes
o no
May White castle kingside?
o yes
o no
A A;
A
A A
May Black castle kingside?
o yes
o no
A A * A A AA
WAA %
A A AW A A A
ftá A
A
A
^
A A A
A
A 4 s Á,
& A &
A A A
A A &
A A
4^
A A
May White castle kingside?
o yes
o no
May Black castle queenside?
O yes
O no
<sjs>
A AW
ft¿
A A A
A
i A W AA A
* A J.4I
A AA$
A
1
A
A
A^ A A
A A A AW A
May White castle queenside?
o yes
o no
AAA
%
J. A
A
A A
A A A1
May Black castle queenside?
O yes
O no
A A
W
A A A:
May White castle queenside?
o yes
O no
39
Exchange and favourable exchange
The rook on e4 can move to,
at most, 14 different squares.
This is true from every
square on the board.
4
3
2
13
3
12
2
11
1
1
14 1 3 1 5 1 1
5
9
6
7
This bishop can move to, at
most, 13 different squares.
Its disadvantage is that it
must remain on one colour.
10
10
This knight can move to, at
most, 8 different squares. Its
extra strength is that it can
jump.
27
BB 3
6
2
26
25
5
1
4
24 23 22 21 ^ 7
17
5
2
4
3
This queen can move to, at
most, 27 different squares.
The queen is a very strong
piece.
List of valúes: O = 1 point ^J=3points JL= 3 points
1
Ji = 5 points
18
19
20
13
8
9
10
14
11
15
12
16
!§' = 9 points
In the upper left, the black rook can take the white rook; White
recaptures. This is an exchange of rooks.
In the upper right, Black can take the white knight; White
recaptures with his pawn. This is an exchange of knights.
At the bottom left, the white queen can take the black queen; the
black rook recaptures. This is an exchange of queens.
At the bottom right, the white knight can take the black bishop; the
black pawn recaptures. This is an exchange of bishop for knight.
The favourable exchange
The white pawn takes the black queen on c6; the black pawn
recaptures. White gains 8 points.
The black pawn takes the white rook on g6; the white pawn
recaptures. Black gains 4 points.
The white knight takes the black rook on a2; the black pawn takes
the white knight. White gains 2 points.
The black pawn takes the white bishop on g3; the knight
recaptures the pawn. Black gains 2 points.
40
First step
Favourable exchange: A
Material
A
A
A
I
—
X
A A A
A A
A
A A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A A
A A
A
A A
A
A A
A A A
A A
A
A
JL
^
A
A
A
A
A
A A
A
A A
%A
A
A
A
A A
A A
A
A
A
W
A A
A
A
A
i
A
A
a <*!?
A
41
Material
Favourable exchange: B
I A W I*
A AA
A A
% A fa A
I
A A
A
A
A A A
A
A
A A A A W A é> A
A
A
A A A
A
A
A I
A
A AW
A
&
A A
A A
A A A!
¡A A
I
A
A
A
A A
A I
Oí A A A
A
A
m A
^ AW
A A
A% A
AA A
A%
&
A & '
A A A A
A
A A
W
A
A
A
AA
A A A
%
|A A
A
J,
A W
1
A
AA
A
A £>
A A A A
A A A
A A
A
A
AA
A
42
A
A A
A
A
A
A
A
A A
A
li
A 1 A
A
A A
A A
A
A &
I
A
A
%
W
•
A
A
A A
é»
A A
A A
A
rtty
A
A
A A
A A
|AA
A A A
F/'rsí sfóp
Test
Repetition: D
(
§Ji)
JK
•
i!
1ÉF
A
A A A
i%
ó
^.
IH
A A
^AAA
r I
:
11 :'v;i"E
^
ó ;,
:/;
-;Á
«•
Víate in one
víate in one
E :A
Jl IÉF
A A %A A A A
VA A %
&
A
A A A
I
I
Going out of check
A
W
A
A A:
I , *
A A
*
fl
cS,
A
A A A
IH
A
A •nBrii
Creating mate
é AA
A AA
%
•
sfe)
^3
A
1
HA A
A
Mate in one
a*
: >-
A
un/ í^ A
^H 4B
A
A
A A
^=3
A
Víate in one
•
i
c
™&_-_8H
*
fl
Going out of check
lÉf
¿
A2
'A
Jl W <á>
*
J. A
%
I
S
A A
J
Giving check
1
A AAA
AA
<5}
A
Favourable exchange
A
AA
A
%
A
A A
I
A A A
A A
^
W*4.ftK
A A A A
A
AA A
%
A
May White castle kingside?
o yes
o no
fi
A
!
<¿> A A
A
ÍT
• 1 A
AA ,
fl
Giving check
Favourable exchange
43
Test
Mix: B
A
A
A
:
m
A
A
A AA
AA
A
A
A
A
£} A
;
¡m A JBB •• A<á?
BJR
ISf
0
tS&K
A
fi • A A A¡
A fl A
A
A
AA
A A
A AA
A
&
AA 1
%
fi
A A
lt H
é1
A A A
*JL
A^ A
U?
• &
Mate in one
:
AA
A A A
A
m
A
A
•
^W)
A A A
A^
A A
A
: A
A
f A '
A
AA
<á?
I
A
A
&
!•
A A
Mate in one
1 &
A A A A
<ib
•
I & A A A
A
%
A
£
A :
A
A
A
1
A£> A
A. A A
1A
A W I é> A A A
:
Goingout of check
1
A
Defending
X IÉF
AA A
*
A
AW
A
A
^ A
A
A
A
f
A
n
Taking an unprotected piece
E
A
A
é
«É I
4l A
Ae
2
A
5
Going outofcheck
I
A A A
May White castle kingside?
o yes
o no
W
I
A
A AA
A A
A
£}ff
•
A
^
-avourable exchange
Mate in one
A A A
A
A
A AÍT
A
I*"'
A A A
I + ' •
1
m w
G&S)
m.
" 1"iDt
A AA
A
A
A
I
Favourable exchange
44
Mate in one
Taking an unprotected piece
First step
The twofold attack
1
1
I
Ai left, the white rook
attacks the black bishop and
can capture him. The black
bishop is unprotected.
At right, the black bishop is
protected. The bishop is
attacked once and defended
once. This is sufficient.
Now the black bishop is also
attacked by the white bishop.
White takes on d5, Black
takes back, and White takes
once again.
The black bishop is attacked
twice and defended once.
White attacks the bishop
twice: the twofold attack.
Twofold attacks are also
carried out with other pieces.
It does not matter with which
piece we take fírst. It is a
question of taste.
At left, White can take the
bishop with the queen or the
knight.
At right, White can take the
black knight with his bishop
or his knight.
In both cases White wins a
piece.
[A A & A
i A i
A
A A A A
On the left, the black knight
is defended only once. White
attacks him twice.
White nevertheless must be
careful how he takes. If he
takes with the bishop he wins
a pawn.
On the right, Black must fírst
take with the rook.
The twofold attack in this
diagram is tricky. It seems
that the rook on a8 is only
once attacked. The rook on
al assists so that White can
still win the rook.
At right, the queen on h7
assists in a twofold attack on
e4.
W
A A A
The white queen and the
bishop both attack the pawn
on f7. The black king provides the only protection. The
queen must assist with the
protection of f7. The g-pawn
can also move forward one
square.
A piece that is attacked
twice, but protected only
once must receive additional
support.
45
Material
Taking a piece which is attacked twice: A
I
1
iá
£1
1
1 1
11
JL
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A A
A
A A
Al
11
A A
A
A A
A
A A
I
1
1
1 é>
111
J.
1
1
•'A
?
1
1
1
1
B
1 1
A
A
4?
1 1
1
A ' £1
A A
A A
1
111
111
1 1
A
«á?A A
11
J.1
11
AAA
AA
1
A . * A A
A
46
A
A
%A
A
AAA
1
% 1 le
1
1A 1
A á
1
A
A
A
A
AA
&
AA
First step
Taking a piece which is attacked twice: B
Material
A
A
A
iá
iá
A
á
A
A
AA
A A
A
A
A
A
A AA
A A AA
A AA
I HA
iá
A
A A
A A
£} A
A A &
i- .. -..
;—__
A AA
^A
A
A A'
^*~J -.
__—___
I
A A
A AA
J.
A
A
&
A A W
A
A
A
A A A J.
A
AAA
A A
%
AA
A
AAA
AAA
AA
A AA A
41A
l
AAA
A AAA
A A% A %
A A
A
A
A
A
£i W A A A
47
Draw
Just as in soccer a chess game can end in a tie. A tied game is
called a draw. Both players receive half a point. The game is
finished.
When is a game drawn?
• If it is no longer possible for either side to checkmate (e.g. if
only the two kings remain on the board)
• If one side is in stalemate.
Stalemate
The white queen has completely trapped the black king
but Black is not in check.
Unfortunately for White it is
Black to move. The king is
not in check, but cannot
move. No other move is
possible: Stalemate.
The white king has no more
moves. Yet White is not
stalemated. The pawn on h3
can move a step forward.
You are only stalemated if
absolutely no move is possible.
Two stalemates: on the left,
White is down a rook but
gains a half point.
At right, Black is even a
queen ahead, but because
White can make no move he
is stalemated.
A ilf A
A
A
A
1
_
Black is totally tied down.
Yet the game is not a draw!
To be stalemated it must be
Black to move. In this
position it is White to move.
He gives mate on b8 or h7.
In this game Black has captured all White's pieces.
Quite an achievement!
Unfortunately, his last move
was rather stupid, since he
has stalemated White. That
means he gets half, instead of
a whole point.
If your opponent has almost
no pieces left, be careful for
'crazy' moves like this rook
check on d2. White should
not take with the king.
Stalemate: • It is your turn to move, but you can make no legal move.
• You are not in check.
First step
Mate, stalemate or play: A
Rules of the game
1
Á A A
ir A A
A
A
A A A
A
o mate
o stalemate
o Black plays 1....
o mate
o stalemate
o Black plays 1....
o mate
o stalemate
o Black plays 1....
A A
A A
A
A A
o mate
o stalemate
O White plays 1.
o mate
o stalemate
o White plays 1.
A
A A
A
1
A
A
A
o mate
o stalemate
o Black plays 1....
A
A A
o mate
o stalemate
o Black plays 1....
o mate
o stalemate
o Black plays 1....
I
AA
A A
A
A
A
A A
A
A
A
A
A
A A
A
A
A
A
A
T
1
K' ' H.
o mate
o stalemate
O White plays 1.
o mate
o stalemate
o White plays 1.
o mate
o stalemate
o White plays 1.
49
Mate in one with the queen: A
Mate
2 x mate
50
5 x mate
2 x mate
4 x mate
3 x mate
First step
Repetition: C
Test
njuj
§
®!j>
•
4
<¿>
4
444
4
A
4
A
i;; A
^ •••'-'
aa '
A
:
A A
$5
A
A
1 ;;.:/ A <á? 1
o mate
o stalemate
o Black plays 1 . . . .
Vlay Black castle kingside?
o yes
o no
Mate in one
< >
JK,
3Jj
•
$1
W 1 4 'é1 4
4
4
4 1
A
Bjüi
4
4 4
6
fi,
'a?
%
A
K\
A
3?
iWf
A
A A
1
I
«é
BBH
lÉf
á
I
^4
4
&
A
*
«
4
:>' Ü , '
I
>
A
a
;
A
:
*
X
A A
I
Mate in one
llf
44
4
4 A
W
o mate
o stalemate
o White plays 1 . . . .
<á?l
Taking a piece which is attacked
:wice
Mate in one
Mate in one
A A,
A
A
a &
Mate in one
asa
4 Ái
A
444
£•-:
wfmrJ^
A A
A A A
Taking a piece which is attacked
twice
4
^ 4
I
4
4
jflbt
^9)
::/"A
Mate in one
;
44
A
4
a
A
fj\
%y i
A 1• •
AA
AA
Taking a piece which is attacked
twice
51
Test
Mix: C
i 1
1
A A A
á
1
ft W á
i A i
lUIr
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Taking a piece which is attacked
twice
A J.
A A
A
A
Mate in one
A
Goingout of check
1
A A
A
A
A A
A
A
*
J.
A
1
A m üA
£
Defending
A
JL
A
A
A*&
Favourable exchange
o mate
o stalemate
o Black plays 1....
A
A
A
A
A
A A
Defending
A
Mate in one
I
Mate in one
W l ¿*
A
A A A
A % A%
^ AA
4A
AH
A^
A J.
1
A
A AW
A
tí
A
AAA
Taking a piece which is attacked
twice
52
mmmm
A A
A I
A
A
Defending
First step
The pawn (2)
i
A
fA Í
A
The pawn moves forward
and captures diagonally.
At left, White can push his
pawn to b6 or he could take
the black pawn: b5xc6.
In this case, the position on
the other side results. The
black pawn has disappeared.
A á
The black pawn has just
moved from c7 to c5. White
may treat the move just as if
the pawn had only moved
one square and he can take it.
The result is pictured in the
next diagram.
White has taken the pawn.
We cali this en passant
capture. This is French for
capture in passing.
You can easily overlook the
possibility of this pawn
move.
En passant is only possible
after:
• The pawn has moved two
squares forward;
• Only the pawn standing
beside it on the adjacent
file may take en passant;
• It must be taken at once.
You cannot wait a move.
A á
White has just played the
move 1. a2-a4. Black may
now take en passant (in
passing).
See the next diagram.
After this move the black
pawn will be on a3.
Taking 'en passant' is in
chess the only capture when
after taking a piece moves to
an empty square.
53
The notation
You can write down the
games you play.
You can show your games at
home or replay them later.
You can ask your trainer if
he wants to analyze your
games with you. This is only
possible when you write
down your games.
On the drawing Black has
just moved. White is writing
down the move.
1
A A
Aá
It's easy to write down the
moves.
We write the white knight's
move in the following way:
• first the piece N (knight)
(N is used instead of K to
avoid confusión with the
king)
• then the square on which it
is standing (c2)
• a hyphen (goes to)
• fínally the square to which
it moves (d4).
White writes down his move
as Nc2-d4.
Black's move is Bc8-g4.
54
Special moves:
Upper left:
taking (x): Rdóxaó
To note down 'en passant'
we write the letters e.p. after
the move, e.g: b4xa3 e.p.
Upper right:
check (+): Bg5-h6+
At right, White's move is
written as 1. eVxfSR; Black's
move as 1.... RfB-e8.
Lower left:
promotion: b2-blQ
(Q=queen, R=rook,
B=bishop, N=knight)
Lower right:
castling: 0-0
(0-0-0 = castling queenside)
For mate we write either
(check)mate or #.
The 1. is the move number.
In score books the move
numbers are already indicated.
First step
The long notation: A
Notation
A
• ái
I •
i ii
Black castles queenside.
•
A
The white pawn promotes to
a queen.
Material
1
A
Winning material: A
le»
AAAA
A A % «r A
1
i
á i A W A AA
i A
ir 1*
% AA
AA
A
&
A
A
A
A
A
A A
A
A A
A A A
I
A A
AA A A
A A
A
A AA
A
%
A <á?
A A A
A
& .
:
A A
A A A
AWA A A
A A
I A A WA
A
A
A
A A
AAAA
AB
AA
W I+
* A AA
A
A
I
AA
A
A
A
A
A^
A A A
A A
A
A
A A
A
A
1 *
ir A A
A
A A
A
A
A A
A
A
A
A
I
A A A
i
%
A%
A
^A
A«
i.
A A
56
A
A
^
WA A A
A A
W
A
A A
A4H A
•
A
A A A
A
A '-i
W
é
f\