Buddhism 1. Amitabha - the Buddha of Eternal Life. one of the 5 celestial Buddhas, Amitabha is who lets you into the Pure Land, Sukhavati. He is the Buddha for ego and selfishness a. Sukhavati/Pure Land - Amitabha’s land of Bliss. Karma has no effect on existence in pureland. Buddha’s pureland exists and is permanent, nothing has value in the world of permanence. Amitabha is the only one who can let you into the Pure land b. Namu Amida Butsu - Praise to the Budddha Amisa 2. Anatman - the lack of permanent self, we are no different than samsara 3. Anitya - impermanence, everything eventually leaves and disappears 4. Arhat - noble one/enlightened one, arhats focus on the individuals attainment of nirvana 5. Avalokiteshvara - earthly manifestation of hte self-born eternal Buddha Amitabha. Cultivation of compassion and in modern time is representative of Dalai Lama 6. Bhikshu/Bhikshuni - Bhikshu is a monk, Bhikshuni is a nun 7. Buddha Nature - everyone has what it takes to become a Buddha, Mahayana Buddhism goal has changed that you no longer want to be an Arhat but for all people to pursue Buddhahood a. Tathagatagarbha - embryo of Gone-Fouth One - as a seed or an embry, something inside all beings b. buddhadatu - Buddha substrate, an innate capacity that all beings posses by virtue of being beings 8. Bodhicitta - the state of mind for a bodhisattva, who pursues Buddhahood in order ot benefit others 9. Bodhisattva - pure knowledge, one whom bodhicitta has arisen, arising the thought of awakening. Altruistic desire toa train buddhahood so that one can help others gain freedom from suffering 10. Dukkha - dissatification/suffering - we suffer becuase we crave impermenance 11. Eightfold Path - right understanding, thought, speech,action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration 12. Five Precepts (laity) and Ten Precepts (monastics) - Laity: do not kill, do not steal, do not commit sexual violence, do not lie, do not consume drugs, or alcohol. Monastics: do not eat after midday, do not participate in worldly amusements, do not adorn the body with ornaments or unguents, do not sleep in a high bed, do not handle money 13. Five Skandhas (Be able to list; English only) - form: body is made of impermanent material, sensation: sensory experience of an object, perception: connection between the senses and our mind that makes sense of sensation, mental formations: mental states, conditions, and attitude that structure the way we interact w the environment, consciousness: sum total of our mental formations that condition continued behavior 14. Four Noble Truths - life is Dukkha, craving is the cause of dukkha, stopping craving teads to the cessation of dukkha, stop craving via the eightfold path 15. Hinayana - lesser vehicle, theravada a. Relationship to Mahayana - mahayana is the great vehicle, or the complete version of theravada. It is said taht hte buddha did not give away parinirvana through mahayana as a form of upaya because people could not handle it. 16. Mahayana - the great vehicle a. Goals? - the goal is the become the buddha, compassion for all living beings, help everyone escape samsara b. Concept of expanding on Theravada i. personality: addition of bodhisattva and celestial buddhas as important figures ii. Cosmology: buddha realms outside of samsara iii. Ideas and goals: compassion for all living beings, help everyone escape samsara iv. Philosophy: shunyata(emptiness) contributes to cultivating comparison, luminous consciousness 17. Nirvana - nirvana is only the first phase of buddhahood, blowing out karma. Nirvana is enlightenment and separates the Bodhisattva and puts them into buddhahood 18. Pratyekabuddha - this is the individual who independently achieved liberation without the aid of teachers or guides and does not teach others the same 19. Shinran’s Paradox - even a good person can be reborn in the pureland. How much easier it is for an evil person to achieve this. Good people think their actions have an effect on if they make it to the purelands, but you can only achieve amitabha's grace. 20. Siddhartha Gautama a. Historically - born 6th-4th BC in a Kshatriya family, father was suddhodana and he wanted siddhartha to be king. Siddhartha Gautama was destined to be a religious leader or a great king so his father made sure that he only experienced pleasures. He encountered the 4 sights: old man, sick man, dead man, peaceful ascetic. b. Reasons for/experiences leading up to renouncing the world - the 4 sights showed him that people recognize that they suffer in life and they aren't doing anything about it. He recognized that samsara sucks so he renounced it and found a teacher who taught him buddhahood. He sat under a tree for 1 night and obtained nirvana 21. sunyata, in particular relation to “loving kindness” and “compassion” - sunyata is the tenet tha all things are empty of intrinsic existence can nature; emptiness: hollowness. There is no distinction of suffering because it is all suffering. This value should inspire compassion for others since we all experience this suffering and should help each other. Emptiness leads to the destruction of all dualities. 22. Theravada - lesser vehicle a. Meaning - lesser vehicle, teachinging the elders, the way of the elders b. Geography - southeast asia - buddhism died in india 23. Tripitaka - oldest extant buddhist scriptural canon - three baskets - vinaya pitaka, sutta pitaka, abhidhamma pitaka 24. Upaya - skillful means, employing strategies to help people based on their temperament and what type of teaching they will respond best to 25. Story of the Rich Man and the Burning House - a rich man's house is set on fire and his sons were left in the building. They don't know that the house is on fire so he tells them to come out but they don't. He bribes them with carts pulled by animals and tso they come out to play with the rare playthings. When they got out safely, they asked for the carts and he handed them all large carriages because he is a rich man. This story is supposed to represent how the buddha gives you only part of the dharma (theravada) and when you get to the goal, he then gives you the full dharma. 26. Vajrayana - diamond vehicle, thunderbolt vehicle a. Goals? - indestructible and strength of awakened buddhism, aim is the cultivate a visual, aural, and somatic experience as an enlightened Buddha b. Concept of Expanding on Mahayana - branch of mahayana buddhism that focuses on worshiping enlightened Buddhas, all the same except it include abhisheka, mantras, mudras, and mandalas c. Abhisheka - teaching is esoteric and transgressive and requires a qualified teacher. Ritual practiced with taboo substance, students are encouraged to envision teachers as a fully enlightened buddha from who blessings of knowledge of the path of enlightened d. Mantra - incantation, oral incantations associated with buddha, received while the practitioner is visualizing the buddha and meditation on buddhas good e. Mudra - esoteric bodily compartment/gestures/body, position body and hands in a position called mudra that is identical to Buddha that is visualized f. Mandala - place/environment, representations of Buddha realm, 2d-3d oftentimes brightly colored circle representation of the Buddha Realm, not for aesthetic pleasures 27. Vinaya - rules of monastic life, oldest and smallest of the three sections of the buddhist tipitaka. It regulates monastic life and the daily affairs of monks and nuns according to rules attributed to the buddha 28. Visuddhimagga - path to purification - emerges out of the 8 fold path: 3 components a. Mortality (shila) - right speech, right action, right livelihood b. Concentration (samadhi) - right mindfulness, right effort, right concentration c. Wisdom (prajna) - right understanding, right thought Jainism 1. Jina/Tirthankara (know English of both titles) - someone that follows the teachings of a Jina - conquered the bonds of karma and escaped the cycle of samsara, built bridge over samsara a. Jina - the conqueror - 24 Jinas in world age, all 22 JInas look the same minus 2 of them - you can tell what Jina statue is being represented bc they are associated with a symbol/animal b. Tirthankara - Ford maker - establishes the ford over the river that is worldly rebirth 2. Mahavira - older contemporary of Gautama Buddha, 24th Jina, grew up as prince and renounced the world, performed asceticism and preached what he learned for 30 yrs. What he learned: a. Jiva/soul is real b. Through our actions our souls accrue karma - physical substance c. Moksha 1) stop influx of new karma 2)burn away existing karma; asceticism d. Moksha means the soul shoots up to the top of the universe 3. Rsabha - Rishabhanatha, created with the first to preach the jain faith in this age 4. Parshvanatha - 23rd Jina 5. Digambara - sky-clad, did not wear clothing to represent lack of attachment to material world, women wore white (women can not achieve nirvana because they had to wear clothes and specifically did not believe that Jinas could be a women, women are himsic and that the menstrual blood kills microorganisms), smaller of the 2 sects, south india 6. Svetambara - wear white, trained to sweep places in case of killing a bug, cooking is inherently violent, understanding of microorganisms, larger sect of north indian, believed that mallinatha was a women, completely dedicated 7. Paryushan - abiding or coming together, 8-10 days of study, reflection and purification festival, 8. Caturvidhyasangha - four-fold community, the community consisting of monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen 9. Sadhu - monks (noble) 10. Sadhvi - refers to nuns 11. Shravaka - hearer. listened to the buddha and attains enlightenment, male monk disciple 12. shravika - female monk disciple 13. Ahimsa - refrain from performing violence in action, speech, thought. Do not encourage violence, cover mouth to not eat anythihg, iryasamiti- care in coming and going; monks can’t cook their own food or ride in vehicles bc it kills things 14. Aparigraha - the virture of non-posession 15. Siddhaloka - the top of the realm in jainism. Symbolizes nirvana and it is the realm of the accomplished 16. Jain Conceptions of: 17. jiva/ajiva - Jiva is the philosophy that the soul is a living sentient substance. The soul is able to build karma which is an actual weighted thing that lifts up the soul inot the devaloka (Heaven) or into the Naraka (Hell). Your soul is distinct from every other Jiva 18. Karma - karma is a material object that physically stick to your soul. New births within the reincarnation cycle literally is the wright of the karam on your soul that decides where youll go. 19. Moksha - moksha is also known as the siddhaloka and is when you gain complete and total neutrality of karma/physcailly weigh nothing. You fly up to the siddhaloka. By scrubbing away karma you can achieve moksha 20. Five Vows (In English, unless included as vocabulary below) - Non-violence (ahimsa), Truth (Satya), Non-stealing (Asteya), Non-possession/non-attachment (Aparigraha), Chastity/Celibacy (Brahmacarya) 21. 22. mahavratas for ascetics - the 5 great vows, adopted by renouncers anuvratas for laity - expected to adhere to the five vows, but to a lesser degree than renouncers, they provide for the physical needs of the Jains which gives them good karma (punya). By performing bhakti they can gain good karma. 23. Six Obligatory Actions of an Ascetic (In English) - Equanimity (samayika), Singing hymns of praise to the jinas (bhakti), Homage of one’s teachers (vandana), Repentance (pratikarmana), Laying down the body (kayotsarga), Abandonment of harmful substance (pratyakhyana)
