At Home Lecture Objectives ABDOMEN Review Basic Functions of Abdomen What are the main roles of the abdomen? (Hint: 3) What is the direction that the lungs and diaphragm move during inhalation and exhalation? During inhalation, is the diaphragm contracting or relaxing? During exhalation, is the diaphragm contracting or relaxing? Components of Abdominal Wall Name the components of the anterior abdominal wall. If there are multiple layers of a component, list each of them. Visually, what is an easy way to differentiate between the various muscles of the abdominal wall? The Peritoneum and Mesentery Peritoneum Mesentery Describe the role of each of these structures. (3) N/A Name the layers of the structure. N/A What specifically does the outer layer, which you just listed above, cover? N/A What specifically does the inner layer, which you just listed above, cover? N/A The layer in between these two also has a role. What is that role? Mesenteries Please give an example or two of organs that are suspended within mesenteries. Please provide an example of an organ that is not suspended within the mesentery (location also known as retroperitoneal). Lesser Omentum Greater Omentum Transverse Mesocolon What main organs do each of these bind together or cover? (hint: answers are in video lecture @ 4:20) Muscles of the Abdomen External Obliques Rank the muscles of the abdominal wall from superficial (1) to deep (4). What direction do the fibers of each abdominal muscle run? Name ALL the actions of each of the muscles. Internal Obliques Transverse Abdominis Rectus Abdominis Which of the (Answer in lecture video @~9:30) muscles contains a region of particular weakness and what is that region called? Please also explain what that region is formed by. What is the (Answer in lecture video @ ~10:00) clinical significance of this region being damaged? List at least two possible structures that could be affected. True/False - The rectus abdominis is the deepest abdominal muscle above the arcuate line? Poster-Lateral Muscles of the Abdomen Please list the three muscles that help form the postero-lateral border of the abdominal cavity in each of the boxes numbered below. (1) (2) (3) What is the origin/insertion of each of these muscles? What is the action(s) of each of these muscles? Quadrants of the Abdomen What organs/structures are found within each of these regions? These are often going to be red flag conditions if we can rule out musculoskeletal issues. Right Upper Quadrant Left Upper Quadrant Right Lower Quadrant Left Lower Quadrant The Salivary Glands Parotid Glands Submandibular Glands Sublingual Glands Where can each of these glands be found? What is the main function of the salivary glands? True/False: food is broken down chemically and mechanically in the mouth. The Esophagus and Stomach Esophagus What is the role of each organ? Does the esophagus join the stomach superior or inferior to the diaphragm? Please list the 4 regions and 2 sphincters found within the stomach. What happens during reflux? What role does the cardiac sphincter play in preventing this? What structure can the stomach sometimes herniate through? (hint: think superiorly) Stomach The Small Intestine What is the main role of the small intestine? Duodenum Jejunum How much of the small intestine do each of these structures take up? What abdominal quadrant can each of these structures be found? What nerve are the parasympathetic fibers innervated by? Where nerve innervates the sympathetic fibers? The Large Intestine What are the main functions of the large intestine? Think about absorption and peristaltic movements. Ileum Please list the 8 structures that waste will travel through in the large intestine. What clinical diagnosis is likely if a patient is experiencing pain at McBurney’s point? Is there a parasympathetic response involved in defecation? If so, what happens to the musculature found in the internal sphincter region? True/False. We also have volitional control over the external anal sphincter? The Liver True/False: the liver is the largest gland in the body. What are the main roles of the liver? What are the vessels in which blood enters and exits around the liver? One of the products of the liver is stored in another organ. What is this organ? After this step, the product produced by the liver is expelled into the first region of the small intestine. What is this region? What role does bile play in digestion, specifically related to fats? The Pancreas What abdominal quadrant is the head of the pancreas found in? What abdominal quadrant is the tail of the pancreas found in? What is the exocrine function of the pancreas? In regard to the exocrine function of the pancreas, what type of structure do the products exit through? What is the endocrine function of the pancreas? In regard to the endocrine function of the pancreas, what structure do the products enter into? The Spleen What abdominal quadrant can the spleen be found in? What is the primary role of the spleen specifically for the immune system? What are some secondary functions of the spleen? The Kidney What is the basic functional unit of the kidney? What is the main function of the kidney? What is the outer portion of the kidney called? What is the inner portion of the kidney called? Does filtration occur in both of those regions? Which kidney tends to be higher than the other? What structure/gland is found superior to the kidneys? THIGH Review Thigh Compartments Anterior Medial Posterior What is the general action(s) of the muscle groups within this compartment? What nerve innervates a majority of the skeletal muscle within this compartment? Bonus: What are the two exceptions to the main nerve in this compartment? Which artery supplies the structures within this compartment? (hint: branch of the artery that supplies the anterior compartment) Compartment Borders (hint: another branch of the artery that supplies the anterior compartment) What separates each of the compartments from each other? What bony landmark do these structures attach to on the posterior femur? Anterior Compartment There is a muscle located on the medial portion of a structure that helps form the anterior to medial compartment borders. What is that muscle? (There is an additional structure that separates this compartment from the medial compartment. List it as well) N/A Medial Compartment Posterior Compartment N/A Muscles of the Compartments of the Thigh List the muscles in each compartment of the thigh. (4) - Knee extensors (2) - Hip Flexors Anterior Compartment (1) - “Cross-Legged Position” (5) - Adductors Medial Compartment (1) - External Rotator (3) - Knee Flexors Posterior Compartment (1) - Accessory Abductor w/ IR Important Landmarks of the Thigh Adductor Canal Which compartment of the thigh is this landmark located in? What is the clinical significance of this region of the thigh? (list structures that insert or pass through here) Gerdy’s Tubercle Pes Anserine Superficial Gluteal Muscles Glute Max Glute Med List the actions of this muscle Name the nerve that innervates the muscle and where it exits the pelvis. (hint: above or below a specific deep gluteal muscle). A deficit or weakness in this muscle can lead to __________? Please describe what movement a patient would be unable to perform with this condition. The Deep Gluteal Muscles Name the six deep gluteal muscles. What is the primary action of each of these muscles? What is the secondary action of each of these muscles? Specifically, how do these muscles perform their secondary action? What do they do to the head of the femur as it relates to the acetabulum? Glute Min Blood Supply to the Thigh Femoral Artery Deep Femoral Artery Which region of the thigh is supplied by this artery? What artery does this branch into as it descends down the thigh? N/A List respective spinal segment for Anterior and Posterior Dermatome map List Respective Myotome Action Spinal Segment Myotome Action L1/2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2 S4 KNEE Review Osteology of Knee What are the two joints found within the knee? What two bones are articulating in each of these? What type of joint is the knee considered? What is the main plane of motion that occurs at the knee? There is a secondary passive motion that occurs at the knee. What type of movement is it and what bone moves in what direction? True/False: the knee has the largest joint cavity in the body. The knee joint unites the two ________ levers in the body. Why is the above significant as it relates to forces and stability? Distal Femur: Table 1 What bone articulates with this bony structure? Medial Epicondyle Lateral Epicondyle What muscle attaches to the adductor tubercle and what is its location on the distal femur? Posterior Distal Femur What structure are the medial and lateral supracondylar lines an extension of? ACL On the posterior distal femur, is the facet for each ligament found on the medial or lateral side of the intercondylar fossa? Distal Femur: Table 2 What is the region between the epicondyles called? What important non-contractile structures attach at the intercondylar fossa? Anatomical or structural abnormalities to this surface can lead to risk factors for what specific non-contractile structure to be damaged? What type of non-contractile tissue is found PCL on the articulating surface of the femur? Describe what subchondral lesions are and what specific type of bone becomes exposed as a result. Which surface (medial/lateral) is the more likely site for these lesions? Briefly describe the treatment procedure for these lesions and what it encourages as far as the healing process goes. The Anterior Proximal Tibia What muscle(s)/tissue inserts on each of the following structures found on the anterior proximal tibia? Tibial Tuberosity Pes Anserine Attachment Gerdy’s Tubercle What articulates with the tibial plateaus? Where is each of these structures found on the tibia? The Posterior Proximal Tibia What muscle(s)/tissue/bone inserts on Where is each of each of the following structures found on these structures found the anterior proximal tibia? on the tibia? Soleal Line Facet for proximal fibular head The attachment site for the medial meniscus and posterior cruciate ligament can both be found on the posterior proximal tibia. Which one is lateral and which is medial? The Posterior Proximal Tibia What is the intercondylar eminence? What non-contractile structures are attached in this region? What structure is lateral to the intercondylar eminence? What structure is medial to the intercondylar eminence? Patella What type of bone (shape) is the patella? What non-contractile tissue is the patella embedded in? The patella is responsible for force transmission from which bone to which bone, and during what joint motion does this occur? How does the patella assist in improving efficiency in what you just explained above? Describe using levers and torques. What part of the femur (ant/post; prox/distal) does the patella articulate with? In order for the patella to glide superiorly/inferiorly, it sits in a groove. What is the groove called and what is the groove covered in to reduce friction? How many facets does the patella have and are they on the anterior or posterior side of the patella? Name the facets on the patella. What separates the two main facets? One of these facets is often exposed to increased forces, especially during what knee motion? Please state which facet this is as well. This same joint can often be implicated in knee joint pathologies. What would an example of a pathology be? Menisci Describe the general shape and what direction the concavity of the menisci face. How do the menisci enhance joint stability? What do they do to the contact surface? What other structure is this similar to (hint: these structures are found in the GH and hip joint). The general shape of the menisci helps with multidirectional stability. What motions are limited by the shape of the menisci (3)? What is the role of the meniscus? The menisci can help prevent damage to the articular cartilage. What is an example of one of these conditions? How do the menisci help to reduce forces to the articular cartilage? Is blood flow better or worse towards the center of the menisci? Is damage to the outside of the menisci more or less likely to heal without surgical intervention? Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus What is the general shape of each meniscus? Is each meniscus attached to the respective collateral ligament on the medial/lateral knee? The tendon of a muscle on the posterior thigh also attaches to the medial meniscus. What is this muscle? N/A Mark which meniscus bears more load in weight-bearing? Which meniscus is more commonly damaged and why? Which meniscus is more implicated in long-term damage to the knee? Ligaments of the Knee Transverse Ligament Coronary Ligament (Meniscotibial) Posterior Meniscofemoral Ligament What is the role/what do each of these ligaments attach to? What region of the knee is the ligament found (e.g., anterior, lateral, etc.)? Collateral Ligaments 1 Medial Collateral Ligament Lateral Collateral Ligament Describe the general appearance of each ligament (e.g., diameter, length). Where do each of the ligaments attach? What movements does each ligament resist (varus/valgus)? What are the 3 layers of the MCL? The Joint Capsule The joint capsule surrounds the entire joint, except for one region. What is that region and what other structure(s) is found there? True/False: In utero, the joint capsule is fully formed as one unified capsule. What are the thickenings on the posterior capsule called? (hint: 2 ligaments) True/False: The synovial cavity is the deepest layer of the joint capsule. Entrapment of vestigial structures called plica within the knee can display as another common injury (specifically a tearing of a structure) to the knee. What is that other injury? The infrapatellar synovial fold is a part of the synovium often found within the knee joint. What is it commonly confused with during dissections? Popliteal Ligaments Oblique Popliteal Arcuate Popliteal Are these ligaments found on the anterior or posterior side of the knee? What direction do the ligaments run? Cruciate Ligaments Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Describe the attachment sites of each of the cruciate ligaments. Describe the direction(s) in which each cruciate ligament runs. Are each of the cruciate ligaments found within the synovial capsule? Describe what direction of displacement is restricted by each ligament, specifically of the tibia on the femur. Bursa How many bursae are found in the knee? Describe how the bursae found around the knee can be inflamed. What movements can Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) cause this and what condition can result? Describe where each of the following bursae are found (be pretty general): - Subcutaneous prepatellar Subcutaneous infrapatellar Deep infrapatellar The Screw-Home/Locking Home Mechanism Describe the movement of the tibia as the knee moves toward full extension. Does this occur during a closed or open chain activity? True or false: the screw-home/locking home mechanism is a purely mechanical event. Can this mechanism occur passively? What is the structural reason that this mechanism occurs? What muscle performs the “unlocking of the knee” from full extension? What direction does this muscle rotate the tibia? Popliteal Fossa What muscles form the upper and lower borders of the popliteal fossa? What structures are contained within the popliteal fossa (3)? LOWER LEG (SHANK) PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT Type of joint? Tendon / ligaments inserting here? Describe what occurs at this joint during knee flexion. What happens to the tendon/ligament that inserts here and what direction is the motion of the fibular head? Describe what occurs at this joint while in knee extension. What happens to the tendon/ligament that inserts here and what direction is the motion of the fibular head? What is the role of the popliteus muscle in this region? (3) What are the primary and secondary functions of the interosseous membrane in this region? DISTAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT Type of joint? What is the primary function of this joint? What structures reinforce this joint? (4) Label structures 1-5 – What function do they perform together? Label structures 6-7, the medial malleolus and the lateral malleolus What is a trimalleolar fracture? _____________________________________________ What is the typical cause of a trimalleolar fracture? _____________________________ COMPARTMENTS OF THE LOWER LEG ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT Muscle groups/collective actions (2) Muscles Present (2) Innervation from what nerve? (Sensory, Motor, Both?) Blood Supply (Major artery, where does it come from, where does it go) Which muscles attach to the anterior interosseous membrane? (4) What SYNDROME is typically found in the anterior compartment? _______________________________ Causes? Symptoms? (5) Treatment? INNERVATION OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT – Deep Peroneal N. What role do the dorsiflexor muscles play during gait? What happens to the gait pattern when there is a partial lesion to the deep peroneal n.? What happens to the gait pattern when there is a FULL lesion to the deep peroneal n.? During peripheral nerve testing of the deep peroneal n., is it generally better to test the strength of ankle dorsiflexion or toe extension? Why? The common peroneal nerve is a branch off of? _____________________________________________ The common peroneal nerve splits into? ___________________________________________________ Where does this split occur? ____________________________________________________________ The region where this nerve split occurs is a common site of? __________________________________ The deep peroneal nerve continues to what region? __________________________________________ RETINACULUMS OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT What are the two retinaculums of the distal anterior compartment? (2) What is their function? (1) O/I of superior retinaculum? O/I of inferior retinaculum? LATERAL COMPARTMENT Muscle groups/collective actions (2) Muscles Present (2) What structure do the tendons of these muscles pass behind? What is different about the insertion of each of these two muscles? Which muscle is involved in supporting the lateral arch of the foot? Innervation from what nerve? (Sensory, Motor, Both?) Proximally: Blood Supply Distally: How would you muscle test the muscles of this compartment? What is a Jones Fracture? ________________________________________________________________________ RETINACULUMS OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT What are the retinaculums of the lateral compartment? (2) What is their function? (1) O/I of superior retinaculum? O/I of inferior retinaculum? What happens to the tendons of the lateral compartment if the retinaculums get ruptured? T/F:The peroneus longus and brevis share a common synovial sheath that splits distally. _____________ Innervation of the Lateral Compartment What nerve innervates the lateral compartment? Does the nerve provide motor innervation, sensory innervation, or both? This nerve provides motor innervation to what two muscles? What region does this nerve provide cutaneous sensation to? Blood Supply of the Lateral Compartment Does the lateral compartment have a dedicated blood supply? What vessel(s) supply the proximal lateral compartment? What vessel(s) supply the distal lateral compartment? POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT Muscle groups/collective actions (2) Superficial: Innervation from what nerve? - Motor: - Sensory: Deep: - Superficial: Blood Supply Deep: ** Divisions List the muscles of the superficial and deep posterior compartments Superficial (3) Deep (4) In the superficial compartment, how would you differentiate between gastroc and soleus tightness? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What tendon do the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment insert into? ___________________ What superficial posterior compartment muscle is considered vestigial and is often used for autografts? __________________________________ True or False: The deep posterior compartment muscles insert into the same tendon as the superficial muscles. ________________ What structure do these muscles pass posteriorly to? _________________________________________ What is the name of this region? _________________________________________________________ What potential syndrome can occur in this region and what two structures can be affected? ____________________________________________________________________________________ From anterior to posterior, list the structures that pass through this region (hint: use mnemonic). - Why don’t these muscles attach to the posterior calcaneus? What role does the calcaneus have during gait? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ***Zeni’s favorite lower extremity muscle is the soleus! Why is the posterior compartment of the lower leg so large? (Hint: what do the muscles of this region need to do in respect to the body as a whole?) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the pathway of major blood supply to the lower leg and where do the arteries change names? Anterior Geniculars and Recurrents Posterior Geniculars and Recurrents Ankle and Foot Review Foot: General Info List the reasons why the hand and foot are analogous (Hint: 4 reasons) Explain the ways in which the hand and foot differ from each other in terms of design and function Label the osteology of the foot Foot Osteology: Important Things to Know Which bones articulate to form the talocrural (ankle) joint? Which bone of the foot has no tendon or muscle attachments? Which muscle passes through the groove between the medial and lateral tubercles of the posterior talus? Which bone is considered the “heel” bone? The posterior projection of the heel bone allows for an increased lever arm of this muscle group: This part of the heel bone is the weight bearing surface and attachment site of the Achilles tendon: The medial navicular tuberosity serves as the insertion of this muscle: In a normal arched foot, this bone will not be touching the ground due to the pull of the above muscle^: The tuberosity of the cuboid forms a groove for this muscle tendon to pass through: The lateral tubercle at the base of digit 5 serves as the attachment site of this muscle: Explain the mechanism of a “Jones Fracture” Arthrology of the Foot Talocrural Talo-Calcanea Transverse l (Subtalar) (Mid) Tarsal Metatarsal Phalangeal N/A N/A Which functional division of the foot is this joint located in? (ex. rearfoot, midfoot, forefoot) Classify this joint type: Name the bones that articulate to form this joint List the actions that occur at this joint Explain the significance of the distal tibio-fibular joint in terms of injury (Note: the position of the medial and lateral malleolus) N/A Interphalange al Name the Deltoid action of the Ligament: foot that is restricted by each ligament Anterior Talofibular Ligament: Posterior Talofibular Ligament: Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament: *For these Collateral ligaments, Ligaments: describe what bones they join together and what purpose they serve in terms of support Medial Talocalcaneal: Long plantar ligament: Plantar Ligaments: Lateral Talocalcaneal: Deep transverse ligaments: Short plantar ligament: Calcaneofibu lar Ligament: Spring ligament: Collateral Ligaments: Plantar Ligaments: Plantar Surface of Foot Where does the plantar fascia attach on the inferior portion of the foot? List the two main functions of the plantar fascia: Describe the condition of plantar fasciitis (what it is, symptoms, treatment methods) List the three arches of the foot and which direction they are oriented: Foot Muscle Layers List the muscles within each layer of the foot 1st layer (Superficial) 2nd layer 3rd layer 4th layer (3) (2) (3) (2 groups) What nerve innervates this layer of muscle? What common attachment site to all of the muscles in this layer have? N/A Explain the extensor mechanism of the lumbricals and interossei of the foot. Which actions do they perform? What is the functionality of the mechanism, specifically during the gait cycle? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Blood Supply to the Foot Posterior tibial artery Anterior tibial artery (2) (1) Where does this artery enter the foot? Name the branches of this artery Innervation to the Foot Live Lecture Guide Portion PELVIC CAVITY Review What is the innominate bone? ___________________________________________________ Where do they meet? __________________________________________________________ What are the bones that make up the pelvis? ________________________________________ Identify the bony structures of the pelvis Identify the ligaments of the SI Joint What are the main ligaments of the SI joint? (3) Describe them What are the additional ligaments of the SI Joint? Ligament Location Function PUBIC SYMPHESIS What type of joint? _______________________________________ When does motion at this joint increase and why? _____________________________________________ How can this joint be dislocated? ___________________________________________________________ Describe the differences between the Greater Pelvis and Lesser Pelvis What are the lateral pelvic borders? What are their functions? What is the pelvic outlet? What structures is it formed by? What are the functions of the pelvic floor? (2) What is the function of the tendinous arch? ____________________________________________________ What is the function of the coccygeus muscle in humans? _________________________________________ What are the levator ani muscles? (3) What do they do as a group? What is the function of the midline raphe? _________________________________________________ What is the function of the puborectalis? What type of muscle is it? What other muscles are in this region? PERINEAL MEMBRANE What is the function of this structure? _______________________________________________________ When can this membrane rupture? _________________________________________________________ What are possible complications to rupturing this structure? (3) What two structures does this membrane connect? _____________________________________________ What are the major functions of the urogenital triangle and external genitalia muscles? (3) What are the two additional sphincters located in FEMALES ONLY? What is their function? What is different between the male and female bladder? LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS Review What are the terminal nerves of the LUMBAR plexus – from most superior to most inferior? (6) Terminal Nerves Spinal Roots The spinal nerves of the lumbar plexus are all branches of? _______________________________________ The positions of the terminal nerves are described in relation to what structure? _______________________ ILIOHYPOGASTRIC NERVE Spinal Nerve Roots Position relative to Psoas Major? Runs adjacent to which nerve? Runs between which muscles? (Iliophypogastric N. continued) Motor Function Sensory Function ILIOINGUINAL NERVE Spinal Nerve Roots Position relative to Psoas Major? Found along which osteological structure? Motor Function Sensory Function GENITOFEMORAL NERVE **Two nerves, one sheath** Spinal Nerve Roots Position relative to Psoas Major? Genital Branch - Motor Function Genital Branch - Sensory Function *Present in both men and women? Femoral Branch - Motor Function Femoral Branch - Sensory Function LATERAL FEMORAL CUTANEOUS NERVE Spinal Nerve Roots Runs deep to which ligament? Motor Function Sensory Function FEMORAL NERVE Spinal Nerve Roots Deep to which ligament? Name change at what body segment? Motor Function Sensory Function OBTURATOR NERVE Spinal Nerve Roots Position relative to Psoas Major? Primary motor nerve to which compartment? Motor Function Sensory Function SACRAL PLEXUS Terminal Nerves Spinal Roots The spinal roots of the sacral plexus are branches to what structure? ________________________________ What are the divisions of the sacral plexus? ____________________________________________________ The sacral plexus lies anterior to what structure(s)? ______________________________________________ VENTRAL DIVISION Motor Branches Sensory Branches DORSAL DIVISION Nerves Motor Function What is different about the Sciatic Nerve from the other nerves of the dorsal division? What are the clunial nerves? Where do they derive from? What is a common pathology of clunial nerves? _______________________________________________ APERTURES OF THE PELVIS What are the foramen of the pelvis? What structures run through each? BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE PELVIS What is the path of blood supply to the pelvis and lower extremities? What is the location of each artery and what do they supply blood to? What are the branches of the external iliac artery? Where do they pass and what structures do they supply blood to? Hip Review Exiting the Pelvis into the Lower Leg The Femoral Nerve What structure does the femoral nerve travel underneath before descending into the thigh? What muscle group does it innervate? Is the femoral nerve found in a connective sheath with other structures or by itself? What structures are not found within the femoral sheath? (Hint: 3) Are the structures enclosed together or separate? Which structure contains a hollow space? Why is this? What artery does the femoral artery originate from? Femoral Triangle Femoral Vein Femoral Artery Femoral Nerve Sartorius Adductor Longus Inguinal Ligament What is the location of each structure from medial to lateral? Describe which border of the femoral triangle each of these structure forms. Where does the femoral triangle lead into? At the end of the structure mentioned above, there is an opening that allows the femoral artery to travel to the posterior knee. What is that opening called? The Hip Joint What type of synovial joint (shape) is the hip? What are the two articulations of the hip joint? True/False: The hip socket is deeper than the shoulder. What is the role of the acetabular labrum? Is the acetabulum a complete circle? Where is the opening on the acetabulum and what structure closes it? What ligament creates the attachment between the head of the femur and the acetabulum? Does the head of the femur articulate directly with the surface of the innominate bone? What structure/surface does it articulate with? Ligaments of the Hip Joint Ligamentum Teres Iliofemoral Ligament Pubofemoral Ligament Describe the general areas of attachment for each ligament. What movement(s) does each ligament resist? What movement would these three ligaments collectively resist? N/A When would they be on slack? N/A Trochanteric Bursitis What is this condition? What type of movements typically cause trochanteric bursitis? What type of hip motion (active and passive) would cause point tenderness on the greater trochanter? What muscle is implicated? Ischiofemoral Ligament Iliopectineal Bursa What region would have pain given inflammation at this bursa? What hip motions would increase pain (active and passive)? Ischial Tuberosity Bursa What position is implicated in pain to this bursa? Blood Supply of the Hip What are the main arteries found in the hip joint? (Hint:5) What is an example of a pathological condition found if the hip blood flow is lost? What age group is particularly at risk? What other conditions are commonly implicated with this? What part of the femur is at risk with this condition?
