⾹港DSE英⽂reading 詞彙
Contents
Level 1
Unit 1
Leisure & Entertainment
Unit 2
Level 2
1
Unit 1
The Individual & Society
62
Successful People &
Amazing Deeds
10
Unit 2
Things Wonderful & Precious
69
Study, School Life & Work
77
Study, School Life & Work
23
Unit 3
Unit 3
Nature & the Environment
84
Unit 4
Sport
31
Unit 4
Unit 5
40
Communicating: the Media &
Publications
93
Cultures of the World
Unit 5
Unit 6
The Individual & Society
54
Unit 6
Technology
102
Unit 1
Leisure & Entertainment
action film (n)
adventure film (n)
animation/cartoon (n)
antagonist (n)
blockbuster (n)
Bollywood movie (n)
box office (n)
cast (n)
casting (n)
character (n)
cinematographer (n)
comedy (n)
coming soon (phr)
computer-generated
imagery (CGI) (n)
costume (n)
critic (n)
delivery (n)
director (n)
disaster film (n)
distributor (n)
documentary (n)
drama (n)
fantasy film (n)
film festival (n)
film genre (n)
film review (n)
the Golden Globe Award (n)
historical film (n)
Hollywood (n)
horror film (n)
Image Maximum (IMAX)
(n)
lead(ing) actor/actress (n)
(to put on) make up (phr)
martial arts film (n)
musical (n)
plot/story (n)
plot twist (phr)
premiere (n)
producer (n)
props (n)
protagonist (n)
romance (n)
romantic comedy (n)
sci-fi film (n)
1
screenplay (n)
screenwriter (n)
setting (n)
soap opera (n)
studio (n)
stunt man/woman (n)
subtitle (n)
supporting actor/
actress (n)
suspense (n)
the Oscars (Academy
Awards) (n)
thriller (n)
tragedy (n)
trailer (n)
villain (n)
visual effects (n)
voice actor (n)
voice-over (n)
war film (n)
ball game (n)
board game (n)
bridge (n)
chess (n)
Chinese calligraphy (n)
Chinese chess (n)
cookery (n)
drawing (n)
fine art (n)
fishing (n)
gardening (n)
handicraft (n)
hiking (n)
karaoke (n)
knitting (n)
model building (n)
(to) paint (v)
photography (n)
rock climbing (n)
sailing (n)
sketching (n)
stamp collecting (n)
street dancing (n)
travelling (n)
Academic Community Hall (n)
AsiaWorld-Expo (n)
Fringe Club (n)
Hong Kong Academy for
Performing Arts (n)
Hong Kong Arts Centre (n)
Hong Kong City Hall (n)
Hong Kong Coliseum (n)
Hong Kong Convention and
Exhibition Centre (n)
Hong Kong Cultural
Centre (n)
Hong Kong Stadium (n)
Ko Shan Theatre (n)
Kowloonbay International
Trade & Exhibition
Centre (n)
Kwai Tsing Theatre (n)
Ngau Chi Wan Civic Centre (n)
North District Town Hall (n)
Sai Wan Ho Civic Centre (n)
Sha Tin Town Hall (n)
Sheung Wan Civic Centre (n)
Tai Po Civic Centre (n)
2
Tseun Wan Town Hall (n)
Tuen Mun Town Hall (n)
Youth Square (n)
Yuen Long Theatre (n)
Angelina Jolie
Brad Pitt
Cameron Diaz
Chow Yun-Fat
Christian Bale
Donnie Yen (Yen Ji-Dan)
George Clooney
Gong Li
Hugh Jackman
Jennifer Lawrence
Jet Li (Li Lian-Jie)
Johnny Depp
Julia Roberts
Leonardo DiCaprio
Maggie Cheung
(Cheung Man-Yuk)
Mark Wahlberg
Meryl Streep
Robert Downey Jr.
Sandra Bullock
Stephen Chow
(Chow Sing-Chi)
Tom Cruise
Tom Hanks
Tony Leung
(Leung Chiu-Wai)
Will Smith
Zhang Zi-Yi
a cappella (n)
advertisement (n)
album (n)
artiste (n)
backing singer (n)
Canto-pop (n)
classical music (n)
circle (n)
concert (n)
drama (n)
dressing room (n)
gig (n)
gossip (n)
hip-hop music (n)
J-pop (n)
jazz (n)
K-pop (n)
launch (v)
live (adv)
paparazzo (n)
perform (v)
pressure (n)
privacy (n)
privilege (n)
product endorsement (n)
product placement (n)
(the) public (n)
rap (n)
recommend (v)
report (v)
response (n)
rock music (n)
rumour (n)
singer (n)
soul music (n)
sponsor (n)
stage (n)
stall (n)
status (n)
3
symphony orchestra (n)
upper circle (n)
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
act (v)
act (n)
actor/actress (n)
advertise (v)
advertising (n)
advertiser (n)
agent (n)
agency (n)
appeal (v)
appeal (n)
appealing (adj)
brand (v)
brand (n)
brand loyalty (n)
celebrity
branding (n)
broadcast (v)
broadcast (n)
broadcaster (n)
cast as/in (v)
cast (n)
Definition
Model sentence
The famous movie star will act as a pirate in the upcoming film.
The next act in the performance will feature two acrobats and a unicycle rider.
Being an actor is one of the most popular dream jobs among teenagers.
The sports company is going to advertise their products using Neymar as their spokesperson.
Advertising is essential for companies to help popularise their products and services.
Newspapers’ main source of revenue comes from advertisers placing advertisements in them.
The travel agent helped Kim arrange her trip to Thailand.
The models from this agency are all very successful.
This romantic film appeals to many teenagers.
This illustrated children’s book series has great appeal for both children and parents.
These beautiful silk dresses look very appealing and attractive.
The bottles are all branded with the company name.
There are many sports brands to choose from at this shop.
Many computer users have a strong brand loyalty to Apple and refuse to use other brands.
Celebrity branding is using famous personalities to promote products and/or services to the
public.
This radio station broadcasts programmes all day and through the night.
This radio news broadcast is very popular with many listeners.
News broadcaster CNN has correspondents working all over the world.
David was cast as the villain in the latest James Bond film.
The director has finalised the cast for his film, including the lead actor and actress.
4
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
comedy (n)
comedian (n)
Peter likes comedy because it makes him laugh.
Jim Carrey is one of the best comedians in the world, and his films are very popular.
direct (v)
director (n)
There are plans to invite a veteran actor to direct a minor scene in this film.
Steven Spielberg is the director of many successful films including Jaws, Jurassic Park and E.T.
drama (n)
dramatic (adj)
Susan’s passion has always been for drama because she enjoys acting and performing on stage.
Things took such a dramatic turn that no one could predict the ending.
entertain (v)
entertainment (n)
entertaining (adj)
the entertainment
industry ( phr)
Clowns entertain the audience by putting on funny clothes and doing silly things.
Different forms of entertainment take place in theatres, cinemas, concert halls, sports grounds
and racetracks.
This film is entertaining, so I will recommend it to my classmates.
Having worked in film and television for many years, Paul knows a lot about the (entertainment)
industry.
fame (n)
famed (adj)
The starlet realised that fame and fortune come at a price when she became a celebrity.
This actor is famed for his realistic acting skills.
film (n)
film (v)
film industry (n)
I like going to the cinema to watch a film at the weekend.
The girl’s daily life was filmed for a reality TV programme.
The film industry is very competitive.
glamorise (v)
glamour (n)
glamorous (adj)
The media often glamorises the lives of actors and actresses.
The dress Angelina wore to the film premiere showed off her full glamour and star quality.
Magazines nowadays like to talk about the glamorous lives of celebrities.
icon (n)
iconic (adj)
The Beatles are icons of the rock and roll industry.
The iconic Bank of China tower is one of Hong Kong’s landmarks.
5
Vocabulary
idolise (v)
idol (n)
interview (n)
interview (v)
interviewer (n)
model (n)
model (v)
music (n)
musical (n)
musician (n)
perform (v)
performance (n)
performer (n)
photograph (v)
take a photograph ( phr)
photograph (n)
photographer (n)
photography (n)
photogenic (adj)
Definition
Model sentence
Fans felt bitter when the singer they idolised confessed that she had lied about miming in
concerts.
Many teenagers regard particular singers, actors and actresses as their idols.
I have a job interview tomorrow at the company I told you about.
Reporters interviewed the singer about his concert.
The interviewer was very polite when asking questions.
May is a successful international model who travels around the world for fashion shoots.
She is going to model for a well-known perfume company.
David studies music at the University of Hong Kong and plays with a rock and roll band in his
free time.
This musical features lots of great songs and dance routines.
Mozart is one of the best-known musicians in history.
Pop group Black Eyed Peas will perform at the Hong Kong Coliseum this Christmas.
Mary’s remarkable performance on stage earned her the Best Actress Award.
Peter became a performer because he loves acting and singing on stage.
I will bring my camera to photograph the film’s cast tomorrow.
My sister took a photograph of me at the concert.
My mother has kept all the photographs of me in my first play.
Sue will hire a photographer to take her wedding photos.
Photography is a very popular hobby among students.
John is a professional model whose good looks and style make him very photogenic.
6
Vocabulary
plot (n)
plot twist ( phr)
portray (v)
portrayal (n)
projector (n)
projectionist (n)
publicise (v)
publicity (n)
publish (v)
publication (n)
publisher (n)
publishing (n)
report (n)
report (v)
rumour (n)
rumour going around
Definition
Model sentence
A good plot is crucial to a film.
The plot twist at the end was a surprise to the audience.
The actress portrayed her character in the play with great attention to detail.
His portrayal of Henry III was praised by critics.
Every classroom in my school has a projector for showing PowerPoint slides to the class.
A projectionist is a person who operates a projector, which projects films onto a cinema screen.
The government will publicise the report’s findings soon.
The film received a huge amount of publicity because of its all-star cast.
This magazine publishes stories about celebrities.
The newspaper resumed publication after a change in management.
Writers should have good relationships with their publishers.
The publishing industry is threatened by the widespread use of the Internet.
The manager demanded a report on the incident.
The media reported on the play’s opening night.
Rumours about this new film star are circulating fast.
There is a rumour going around that the actor is getting married.
( phr)
rumour (v)
It is rumoured that a sequel is planned for the film, but the director has refused to comment
on this.
scandal (n)
The director was caught up in a scandal after his involvement in a robbery was revealed.
The public were scandalised by the actor’s bad behaviour.
The scandalous incident forced the producer to resign.
scandalise (v)
scandalous (adj)
7
Vocabulary
screen (n)
screen (v)
screenplay (n)
screenwriter (n)
showbiz (n)
show business (n)
stage (n)
stage (v)
on stage ( phr)
star (n)
star (v)
star (adj)
stardom (n)
story (n)
story line (n)
storyteller (n)
tragedy (n)
tragic (adj)
voice actor (n)
voice-over (n)
Definition
Model sentence
I find it more enjoyable to watch films on the big screen.
Ang Lee’s new film will be screened in cinemas from today.
The director of this film also wrote the screenplay.
David is very good at writing and wants to be a screenwriter.
My brother wants to get into showbiz when he grows up.
A good agent is important for an actor to survive in show business.
This novel is being adapted for the stage.
There are plans to stage the life story of Mother Teresa for the summer production.
The little girl will go on stage to sing in the talent show.
Being a star can be difficult because of the lack of privacy.
Tom starred in over a hundred films before he died.
He got star treatment at the restaurant as the manager recognised him from his many film roles.
Kurt shot to stardom with the success of his new film.
This is a story about a rich girl who finds happiness doing charity work.
I did not like the story line because it was too predictable.
May is a good storyteller and often mesmerises her classmates with her captivating tales.
The film is a tragedy full of sadness and hardship.
Tears welled up in her eyes when she learned about the singer’s tragic death.
Mary has a wonderful voice and she works as a voice actor for cartoons.
A voice-over explains parts of a film’s storyline without the actor appearing on screen.
8
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
9
Unit 2
Successful People and Amazing Deeds
Famous personalities
Who are/were they?
Ang Lee
film director, screenwriter, producer, first Asian to win an Oscar (Academy Award)
for Best Director
Angela Merkel
first woman Chancellor of Germany
Angelina Jolie
actress, director, Oscar winner, Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Abraham Lincoln
the 16th President of the United States, responsible for ending slavery in America
Adele (Adele Adkins)
British singer-songwriter
Albert Einstein
physicist, professor, Nobel Prize winner
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
writer, medical doctor
Barack Obama
the 44th President of the United States, first African American President of the United
States
Beyoncé (Beyoncé Knowles)
American singer and actress
Bill Gates
businessman, IT entrepreneur, philanthropist, chairperson of Microsoft
Brad Pitt
actor, film producer
Bruce Lee
(
)
actor
Chow Yun-Fat
actor
Christopher Columbus
explorer known for discovering the Americas
10
Famous personalities
Who are/were they?
Cristiano Ronaldo
footballer
Dan Brown
novelist
David Beckham
footballer
David Daiho
scientist, AIDS researcher
Donnie Yen Ji-Dan
actor, fight choreographer, film director, film producer
Eileen Chang
writer
Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi)
political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement
Hugh Jackman
actor
Sir Isaac Newton
physicist, mathematician, astronomer
J.K. Rowling
writer
Jeremy Lin
basketball player
Jet Li (Li Lian-Jie)
actor
John Grisham
writer, retired lawyer, ex-politician
Justin Timberlake
American singer-songwriter and actor
Kate Winslet
actress, Oscar winner
Lee Lai-shan
first Olympic gold-medal winner from Hong Kong
Leonardo da Vinci
polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, engineer and anatomist
11
Famous personalities
Who are/were they?
Lionel Messi
footballer
Liu Xiang
110 metre hurdler, Olympic Gold medallist
Ludwig van Beethoven
composer
Maggie Cheung Man-Yuk
actress, Cannes Best Actress, Berlin Best Actress, Hong Kong Film Award winner,
Taiwan Golden Horse winner
Margaret Thatcher
first woman Prime Minister and the longest-serving Prime Minister of the UK
Mark Zuckerberg
founder of the social networking website Facebook
Michael Jordan
businessman, retired basketball player
Michelle Yeoh
actress
Nelson Mandela
South Africa’s first black President and first South Africa’s President elected in a fully
representative democratic election
Neymar (Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior)
footballer
Richard Branson
businessman, philanthropist, chairperson of Virgin Group Ltd.
Roald Dahl
novelist, short story writer
Stephen Hawking
physicist
Stephen King
novelist, short story writer
Steve Jobs
IT and media entrepreneur, CEO of Apple Inc.
Steven Spielberg
film director, screenwriter, producer
12
Famous personalities
(Dr) Sun Yat-sen
(
)
Who are/were they?
Chinese revolutionary and political leader (often referred to as the Father of Modern China)
Mother Teresa
Roman Catholic nun, founder of Missionaries of Charity (Calcutta, India), humanitarian,
Nobel Prize winner
Thomas Edison
inventor, scientist, businessman
Vladimir Putin
second and fourth President of the Russian Federation
Walt Disney
film producer, entrepreneur, co-founder of The Walt Disney Company
Warren Buffett
investor, businessman, philanthropist
William Shakespeare
playwright, poet
Winston Churchill
former Prime Minister of the UK, Nobel Prize-winning writer, orator
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
composer
Xi Jinping
the President of the People’s Republic of China
13
activist (n)
actor (n)
ambulanceman/
ambulancewoman
(n)
astronomer (n)
athlete (n)
basketball player (n)
businessman/
businesswoman (n)
chairperson (n)
conductor (n)
conservationist (n)
dancer (n)
diver (n)
entrepreneur (n)
film producer (n)
footballer (n)
hurdler (n)
inventor (n)
investor (n)
lecturer (n)
mathematician (n)
naturalist (n)
novelist (n)
orator (n)
paramedic (n)
philanthropist (n)
physicist (n)
pianist (n)
playwright (n)
politician (n)
president (n)
professor (n)
rapper (n)
record holder (n)
rescuer (n)
researcher (n)
scientist (n)
screenwriter (n)
surgeon (n)
writer (n)
pioneer (v)
record-breaking (adj)
revolution (n)
scale (v)
ambitious
athletic
authoritative
brainy
condescending
considerate
charismatic
devoted
innovative
insightful
notable
persistent
selfless
sharp
shrewd
tactful
tenacious
thoughtful
unique
visionary
abolish (v)
authority (n)
breakthrough (n)
champion (v)
circumnavigate (v)
explore (v)
feat (n)
fundraising (n)
innovation (n)
14
(to) burn the midnight oil
Rome wasn't built in a day. (= It takes a long time to finish an
e.g. He’s burning the midnight oil, trying to get his project
done before the deadline.
important job.)
e.g. Be patient! Rome wasn’t built in a day.
from rags to riches
All roads lead to Rome. (= There are many different paths to the
e.g. She has managed to go from rags to riches through
hard work.
same goal.)
e.g. Don’t worry! All roads lead to Rome – there are many
ways to get this done.
(to) go after one’s dream
e.g. It’s never too late to go after your dream.
(to be) ahead of the pack (= more successful/better at something
(to) take one’s breath away
e.g. He is way ahead of the pack when it comes to innovation.
e.g. Her new novel will take your breath away. It is set to
become the next bestseller.
(to) fight an uphill battle (= to struggle against the odds)
(to) tackle something head-on
e.g. She needs to fight an uphill battle to achieve her lifelong
goal.
than others)
e.g. We need to tackle this issue head-on before any harm
is done.
(to be a) good Samaritan (= a person who is willing to help
others who are in need)
e.g. She is a good Samaritan and is always looking out for
and helping other people.
15
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
accomplish (v)
accomplishment (n)
accomplished (adj)
Our company has accomplished its target of doubling profits.
Connor felt that winning the International Piano Competition was his greatest accomplishment.
That famous actor is also an accomplished singer who was once well known in opera circles.
achieve (v)
achievement (n)
achiever (n)
Mary achieved her goal of winning the competition.
Her achievements and good deeds will be remembered for a long time to come.
David is a high achiever and will soon be promoted.
aim to (v)
aim (n)
Peter aims to get into the University of Cambridge.
Peter’s aim in life is to promote world peace.
ambition (n)
ambitious (adj)
Rachel’s ambition is to become a top surgeon.
May is ambitious, independent and outgoing.
aspire (v)
aspiration (n)
Peter aspires to be a world famous pianist.
Tom has aspirations to make the world a better place to live in.
business (n)
businessman/
businesswoman (n)
businesslike (adj)
Business has been hard hit due to the global financial crisis.
Tom’s boss is very businesslike when it comes to work.
capability (n)
capable (adj)
Tom has consistently shown the capability to do his work well, so has been promoted recently.
Most students are capable of using computers and surfing the web.
My sister is studying economics and wants to become a successful businesswoman.
16
Vocabulary
challenge (n)
challenge (v)
challenging (adj)
charisma (n)
charismatic (adj)
charity (n)
charity shop (n)
charitable (adj)
commit to (v)
commitment (n)
communicate (v)
communication (n)
devote … to ( phr v)
devotion (n)
devoted (adj)
enterprise (n)
entrepreneur (n)
entrepreneurship (n)
entrepreneurial (adj)
Definition
Model sentence
Peter loves the challenge of solving difficult mathematical equations.
Mary challenged me to a race to see who was faster.
Being the CEO of a top company is a challenging job.
She has got enough charisma to be a charmer.
He is such a charismatic speaker that there is never an empty seat during his talks.
The woman donated her life savings to a charity for poor children.
Proceeds from sales at this charity shop are donated to a cancer hospice.
Mr Matthews is very charitable and helps out at a homeless shelter.
The police task force is committed to combating crime.
The minister has made a commitment to improve the welfare of workers.
The Internet enables us to communicate with people all over the world.
The Internet has made high-speed communication possible.
The teacher devotes most of his time to helping students with their studies.
Martin was praised by the boss for his devotion to his work.
Thomas is a devoted and compassionate carer.
The company is being taken over by an international enterprise, which will allow it to
sell its products overseas.
Li Ka Shing is a successful entrepreneur and has businesses worldwide.
All students at the business school are taught the value of entrepreneurship in expanding
their business horizons.
Entrepreneurial skills are a key factor in any business’s success.
17
Vocabulary
enthusiasm (n)
enthusiast (n)
enthusiastic (adj)
focus (v)
focused (adj)
found (v)
founder (n)
innovate (v)
innovation (n)
innovative (adj)
inspire (v)
inspiration (n)
inspiring (adj)
intelligence (n)
intelligent (adj)
invent (v)
invention (n)
inventor (n)
lead (v)
leader (n)
leadership (n)
Definition
Model sentence
Having enthusiasm for everything you do contributes greatly to success.
Grace is an environmental enthusiast who eagerly promotes green issues.
The excited students are very enthusiastic about their graduation trip.
Green groups focus attention on the urgent need to clean up the environment.
Mandy is very focused when she does her pen and ink drawings.
Mr Harrison founded our school thirty years ago.
Steve Jobs is one of the founders of Apple Inc.
Being a very creative person, Jim is always keen to innovate by using new ideas.
The new manager brought in various innovations to the company.
This innovative computer system has been widely accepted by computer users.
The principal inspired me to improve my values and direction.
The artist gained inspiration for his painting after witnessing a spectacular sunrise in the desert.
The film was very inspiring, causing many people to reflect on their own lives.
His high level of intelligence resulted in top marks in several IQ tests.
Being a very intelligent student, May is top of the class in all subjects.
The government encouraged students to invent new concepts and products by offering a prize.
This radar tracking device is the military’s latest invention.
Tom is very good at science and hopes to become an inventor.
The government has vowed to lead the nation out of poverty.
Every successful company has an intelligent leader planning for the future.
Leadership skills are crucial when managing a team.
18
Vocabulary
legend (n)
legendary (adj)
motivate (v)
Definition
Model sentence
People regarded him as a legend because of his remarkable success.
This is the mansion where the legendary king of rock and roll spent his final days.
motivated (adj)
Mary was motivated to study harder after she learned that she might be eligible for the scholarship.
The teacher provided motivation for students to study hard by telling them about the many exciting
careers they could enter after graduation.
The boy seemed motivated and eager to try out new things.
self-motivated (adj)
Peter is self-motivated and does not need to be reminded to do his homework.
perfectionist (n)
Sally is a perfectionist who insists on every single detail being correct.
philanthropist (n)
Mr Thompson is a famous philanthropist who supports many charities financially.
Po Leung Kuk is a well-respected philanthropic organisation in Hong Kong.
motivation (n)
philanthropic (adj)
pioneer (n)
pioneer (v)
pioneering (adj)
politicise (v)
politics (n)
politician (n)
political (adj)
Dr Philips is a pioneer in the field of cancer research; his work has saved the lives of many people.
Scientists pioneered space travel with their dedicated research and development of the space
industry.
This is a pioneering concept that solves a basic problem no one has been able to solve.
The environmental issue has been politicised by the media’s one-sided reportage.
Politics is a complicated subject to study.
Being a politician requires tremendous amounts of time, patience and understanding as it involves
dealing with complex issues that affect people’s lives.
The political culture of this country is praised by those who live in less democratic countries.
19
Vocabulary
popularise (v)
popularity (n)
popular (adj)
profession (n)
professional (adj)
professionalism (n)
prominent (adj)
prominence (n)
respect (n)
respect (v)
respectable (adj)
respectful (adj)
risk (n)
risk (v)
risk one’s neck (idm)
risky (adj)
specialise (v)
specialisation (n)
specialised (adj)
Definition
Model sentence
The government is popularising environmental issues with its ‘Use Fewer Plastic Bags’
campaign.
The popularity of this young actor has grown continuously in recent years.
Spiderman is a popular superhero amongst comic fans.
The teaching profession offers a satisfying career for people.
The professional services of doctors, dentists and health workers are essential for a healthy
society.
Their professionalism is evident from their high ethical and moral standards.
This bank is prominent in Hong Kong’s financial landscape.
She gained prominence after winning an advertising award.
This group leader commands great respect from his followers.
We should respect our parents as they have done a lot for us.
That man is a respectable citizen who would never break the law.
We should have a respectful attitude towards our elders.
Smokers have a high risk of suffering from lung cancer.
He risked his life by climbing a tall building to rescue the boy.
The father risked his neck to save his daughter from drowning in the rough seas.
Investing in stocks and shares is a risky business.
Our company specialises in making paper from farmed timber.
Specialisation can help achieve economic efficiency by streamlining production processes.
This hospital provides highly specialised care for young babies and sick children.
20
Vocabulary
succeed (v)
success (n)
successful (adj)
team (n)
team spirit (n)
vision (n)
Definition
Model sentence
David succeeded in winning the writing competition out of a field of 300 contestants.
Success is difficult to achieve and requires a lot of hard work.
John is a successful chef who has won several cooking awards.
Working as a team can help promote friendship and harmony among members.
Team spirit is essential to winning sports competitions.
visionary (adj)
A person needs a vision to keep in mind to achieve their goals.
This is a visionary proposal as it provides a long-term solution to our company’s problems.
wisdom (n)
Wisdom is usually the result of life-long experience.
wise (adj)
The advice the teacher gave was wise and thought-provoking.
The government needs to handle this situation wisely or many people could be adversely affected.
wisely (adv)
21
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
22
Unit 3
Study, School Life & Work
assistant principal (n)
alumni (n)
career counsellor (n)
cheerleader (n)
class monitor (n)
classmate/schoolmate (n)
discipline master/mistress (n)
Education Bureau (n)
graduate (n)
janitor/caretaker (n)
lecturer (n)
librarian (na)
Native-speaking English
Teacher (NET) (n)
prefect (n)
principal/headmaster/
headmistress (n)
professor (n)
school board of directors ( phr)
social worker (n)
teacher (n)
tutor (n)
vice-principal (n)
volunteer worker (n)
art room (n)
basketball court (n)
canteen (n)
changing room (n)
classroom (n)
computer lab. (n)
general/school office (n)
gymnasium (n)
(biology/chemistry/
physics/integrated
science) laboratory (n)
lecture theatre (n)
library (n)
Multimedia Learning
Centre (MMLC) (n)
music room (n)
needlework room (n)
(covered) playground (n)
principal room (n)
school/assembly hall (n)
sickroom (n)
staff room (n)
student activity centre/
room (n)
swimming pool (n)
tuck shop (n)
23
Biology (n)
Business, Accounting
and Financial Studies (n)
Chemistry (n)
Chinese History (n)
Chinese Literature (n)
Civic Education (n)
Design and Applied
Technology (n)
Economics (n)
Ethics and Religious Studies (n)
Geography (n)
Health Management and
Social Care (n)
Home Economics (n)
History (n)
Information and Communication
Technology (n)
Integrated Humanities (n)
Liberal Studies (n)
Life and Society (n)
Literature in English (n)
Music (n)
Mathematics (n)
Physical Education (n)
Physics (n)
Putonghua (n)
Science: Combined Science (n)
Science: Integrated Science (n)
Technology and Living (n)
Tourism and Hospitality
Studies (n)
Visual Arts (n)
award (n)
Campus TV (n)
Chess Club (n)
Cookery Club (n)
Culture Exchange Programme
(n)
(English) Debating Team (n)
Drama Club (n)
Girl Guides (n)
field trip (n)
graduation ceremony (n)
Inter-school sports day (n)
morning assembly (n)
Parent-Teacher Association
(PTA) (n)
Red Cross (n)
school choir (n)
school dance (n)
Scouts (n)
Science Club (n)
singing contest/
competition (n)
sports day (n)
Hong Kong St John
Ambulance (n)
Student Union (n)
swimming gala (n)
talent show (n)
workshop (n)
addicted (adj)
anti-social (adj)
bully (v)
challenge (to authority)
(v)
cigarette (n)
comfort (v)
compensated dating (n)
counselling centre (n)
cyberbullying (n)
24
depression (n)
discipline (n)
drug abuse (n)
drug trafficking (n)
gang fight (n)
go astray (v)
guidance (n)
illegal (adj)
juvenile delinquency (n)
mood swings (n)
outcast (n)
peer pressure (n)
Police Superintendent’s
Discretion (n)
rebellious (adj)
rehabilitation centre (n)
self-confidence (n)
self-esteem (n)
self-image (n)
sensitive (adj)
street fight (n)
tackle (v)
therapy (n)
unlawful (adj)
withdrawal symptoms (n)
youth culture (n)
zero tolerance (n)
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
abuse (n)
abuse (v)
abuser (n)
abusive (adj)
addict (n)
Definition
Model sentence
Child abuse in our society seems to be more common than we thought as more cases come
to light.
A leader should not abuse their power by taking advantage of their position.
Many drug abusers start their habit believing that they will not become drug addicts.
The abusive father was finally arrested by the police for treating his family badly.
addictive (adj)
Peter is an online game addict.
Drug addiction destroys many young people’s lives.
My brother is addicted to watching late night TV football games and often misses his morning
lectures.
Computer games can be addictive and result in a lot of wasted time.
adolescence (n)
I believe adolescence can be an especially stressful time for students.
adolescent (adj, n)
This anti-drug campaign targets Hong Kong adolescents.
advice (n)
Michael sought advice from his principal about his future career.
He advised me not to spend so much time playing computer games.
addiction (n)
addicted (adj)
advise (v)
assign (v)
assignment (n)
award (n)
award (v)
award-winning (adj)
The headmaster assigned Ms Lau the task of organising the school’s anniversary ceremony.
Peter is working on his science assignment and will hand it in tomorrow morning.
Being an outstanding student, Tom has received a lot of different awards.
The principal awarded Mary the prize for Best Student.
The award-winning scientist was invited to share his experiences with students at a special
assembly.
25
Vocabulary
bully (n)
bully (v)
bullying (n)
cheerleader (n)
cheerleading (n)
comfort (n)
comfort (v)
counsel (n)
counsel (v)
counsellor (n)
counselling centre (n)
debate (n)
debate (v)
debater (n)
depress (v)
depression (n)
depressed (adj)
depressing (adj)
Definition
Model sentence
A bully is someone who forces others to do things they don’t want to do.
Mary bullied her younger cousin by calling him names.
Bullying is unacceptable and should be tackled promptly before it gets out of hand.
The cheerleaders practised their routine to ensure a good performance on Sports Day.
Cheerleading encourages sports teams to perform better in competitions.
We should give comfort and support to less fortunate people around us.
Tom comforted Mary after her row with her best friend.
Ms Davis follows her lawyer’s counsel on all matters.
The teacher counselled students on choosing the most appropriate subjects for university.
Career counsellors provide valuable advice to students on choosing the best career path.
Students are encouraged to visit the counselling centre for help and advice on personal matters.
David takes part in debates and often represents his school in different competitions.
The students are debating what to perform in the talent show.
John is a good debater thanks to his very strong reasoning skills.
The news of the school’s closure depressed parents and teachers alike.
Kate does not suffer from depression; she is always positive.
No one knows why Jamie is so depressed and quiet.
The recent rise in school crimes is depressing.
26
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
discipline (n)
Discipline in the classroom is very important.
discipline (v)
discipline master/
mistress (n)
Miss Ho is the teacher responsible for disciplining badly behaved students.
Many students are afraid of facing the school’s tough discipline master.
disciplined (adj)
Athletes lead very disciplined lives to stay in top shape.
The school principal threatened disciplinary action against any student who steals.
disciplinary (adj)
educate (v)
education (n)
educated (adj)
educational (adj)
gang (n)
gang fight (n)
graduate (n)
<undergraduate>
graduate (v)
graduation (n)
graduation
ceremony (n)
guide (n)
guide (v)
lecture (n)
lecture (v)
lecturer (n)
Parents ought to educate children about moral values from a young age.
The government spends a large amount of money on education each year.
Kelvin is well-educated and can speak six different languages.
The show we watched last night was very educational and taught us a lot about ancient cultures.
Teen gangs often hang out in public parks and harass passers-by.
Tim was arrested by the police for his involvement in yesterday’s gang fight.
David is a university graduate. His brother is still an undergraduate, and is in the third year
of his studies.
My brother graduated from secondary school last month.
Graduation is one of the most important events in one’s life.
My parents will attend my graduation ceremony next week.
Ms Tam was our tour guide in Taiwan.
Miss Wong guided the students through the difficult task.
The guest speaker was invited to give a lecture on Hong Kong’s banking system.
The professor lectured on the effects of the financial crisis on developing countries.
Ms Choi is a very experienced lecturer who specialises in life sciences.
27
Vocabulary
peer (n)
peer group (n)
pressure (n)
pressure (v)
peer pressure (n)
rebel (v)
rebellion (n)
rebellious (adj)
stress (n)
stress (v)
stressed (adj)
stressful (adj)
studies (n)
study (v)
commit suicide ( phr)
attempted suicide (n)
suicidal (adj)
supervise (v)
supervision (n)
(undergo) therapy (n)
therapist (n)
Definition
Model sentence
Simon values the opinions of his peers when making decisions.
Teenagers lacking in confidence are often keen to be accepted by their peer group.
You should not put too much pressure on yourself – relax.
Most students are pressured by their parents and teachers to study hard.
Many youngsters take up smoking to be accepted by their friends – such is the power of
peer pressure.
The farmers rebelled against the government’s idea to impose a heavy tax on their land.
Corruption was the cause of the recent rebellion.
Most teenagers are rebellious and want more independence.
Nathan felt under great stress during his exams.
The extra work severely stressed Amy, and as a result she could not sleep at night.
The employees felt stressed as their performances were being assessed.
City life is too stressful for some people.
Professor Mok has been conducting studies on genetic codes for many years.
Mary and Peter study at the same school.
The talk was about why people commit suicide, and how we can help avoid these tragedies.
Mary’s attempted suicide shocked her friends as she always seemed so cheerful and upbeat.
Steve was very depressed after his divorce and admitted that he felt suicidal at times.
The new discipline master will supervise our class.
Being the regional director, over one hundred employees are under Tom’s supervision.
The patient is undergoing extensive post surgical therapy to help her recover.
The footballer hired a therapist to treat his knee injury.
28
Vocabulary
tolerance (n)
Definition
Model sentence
tolerant (adj)
The headmistress shows little tolerance of bad manners.
Peter broke up with his girlfriend whose temper he found hard to tolerate.
The government adopted a zero tolerance policy when combating youth drug abuse, threatening
to jail all offenders.
Toleration and compassion are important for social harmony.
The company is tolerant of the different views of its staff.
tutor (n)
Mr Chan hired a tutor to prepare his children for their exams.
tutor (v)
Sally tutors primary students to earn a living.
After school, many students head directly to tutorial centres where they prepare themselves
for their exams.
tolerate (v)
zero tolerance (n)
toleration (n)
tutorial centre (n)
victim (n)
victimise (v)
The class is raising money to help victims of the earthquake.
Charlie was victimised because of his appearance.
29
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
30
Unit 4
Sport
aerobics (n)
American football (n)
badminton (n)
basketball (n)
bowling (n)
boxing (n)
cricket (n)
cycling (n)
the discus (n)
diving (n)
fencing (n)
football (n)
golf (n)
gymnastics (n)
handball (n)
the high jump (n)
hiking (n)
hockey (n)
ice hockey (n)
ice-skating (n)
the javelin (n)
jogging (n)
judo (n)
karate (n)
kayaking (n)
kick-boxing (n)
the long jump (n)
marathon (n)
relay (n)
rock climbing (n)
roller-skating (n)
rowing (n)
rugby (n)
the shot-put (n)
skiing (n)
sprinting (n)
squash (n)
stretching exercises (n)
sumo wrestling (n)
swimming (freestyle/
tai chi (n)
tennis (n)
volleyball (n)
weight-lifting (n)
windsurfing (n)
yoga (n)
bungee jumping (n)
freestyle BMX (n)
hang-gliding (n)
motocross (n)
mountaineering (n)
rallycross (n)
scuba diving (n)
skateboarding (n)
skydiving (n)
skysurfing (n)
backstroke/breaststroke/
butterfly) (n)
table tennis (n)
taekwondo (n)
31
backboard (n)
equipment (n)
football boots (n)
gloves (n)
goggles (n)
helmet (n)
pads (n)
round-neck T-shirt (n)
running shoes (n)
shuttlecock (n)
sneakers (US)/trainers
(UK) (n)
sweats (US)/tracksuit
(UK) (n)
sweatshirt (n)
swim(ming) suit (n)
table tennis bat (n)
tennis racket/racquet (n)
blood pressure (n)
break the record ( phr)
captain (n)
champion (n)
coach (n)
competitor (n)
condition (n)
diet (n)
disqualify (v)
draw/tie (v)
endurance (n)
final (n)
fitness (n)
foul (n)
opponent (n)
physiotherapist (n)
record holder (n)
referee (n)
semi-final (n)
spectator (n)
sportsmanship (n)
team spirit (n)
umpire (n)
athlete (n)
assess (v)
beat/defeat (v)
32
A.C. Milan
AFC Ajax
Arsenal
Athletic Bilbao
Barcelona
Bayer 04 Leverkusen
Bayern Munich
Borussia Dortmund
Celtic
Chelsea
Chicago Bulls
Cleveland Cavaliers
Detroit Pistons
Everton
Houston Rockets
Internazionale (Milano)
Juventus
Liverpool
Los Angeles Lakers
Manchester City
Manchester United
Miami Heat
New York Yankees
Newcastle United
AC
Orlando Magic
Paris Saint-Germain
Philadelphia 76ers
PSV Eindhoven
Real Madrid
San Antonio Spurs
Asian Games
Australian Open
China National
Games
Commonwealth
Games
East Asian Games
FIFA World Cup
FINA World
Championships
Football Association
Challenge Cup
(FA Cup)
French Open
J-League
Olympic Games
Paralympic Games
PSV
(English) Premier
League
Super Bowl
Tour de France
UEFA Champions
League
Universiade
US Open
Wimbledon
Championships
Winter Olympics
Steven Gerrard
Wayne Rooney
(tennis)
Andy Murray
Li Na
Maria Sharapova
Novak Djokovic
Rafael Nadal
Roger Federer
Serena Williams
Venus Williams
(other sports)
(basketball)
Kobe Bryant
Jeremy Lin
LeBron James
Michael Jordan
Yao Ming
(football)
Cristiano Ronaldo
C
David Beckham
Lionel Messi
Neymar (Neymar da
Silva Santos Júnior)
33
Ian Thorpe
(swimming)
Lee Chong Wei
(badminton)
Lee Wai Sze, Sarah
(cycling)
Lin Dan (badminton)
Michelle Sung Wie
(golf)
Tiger Woods (golf)
Tom Daley (diving)
Wu Minxia (diving)
arena (n)
badminton court (n)
basketball court (n)
Beijing National Aquatics Centre/The Water Cube
Beijing National Indoor Stadium
Beijing National Stadium/The Bird’s Nest
Beijing Shooting Range Hall
golf course (n)
gymnasium (n)
Hong Kong Coliseum
Hong Kong Stadium
Mong Kok Stadium
Queen Elizabeth Stadium
stadium (n)
swimming pool (n)
Taipei Arena
tennis court (n)
Wembley Stadium
34
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
aerobics (n)
aerobic (adj)
Lily enjoys exercising to music so she has taken up aerobics to keep fit.
We can become fitter by doing more aerobic exercise.
applaud (v)
The students applauded for five minutes at the end of the film premiere to pay tribute to the cast
and the director.
The President’s speech was greeted with loud applause.
applause (n)
assess (v)
assessment (n)
Ms Lam will assess all the students to decide who will represent the school in the next basketball
competition.
Any assessment of the athletes’ fitness levels will be conducted fairly.
athlete (n)
athletic (adj)
Peter is training hard as he wants to be a successful athlete.
Roy is very athletic and, as a result, has won many medals.
captain (n)
captain (v)
Jane is a dedicated team captain and everyone likes her.
Tom will captain the school basketball team next year.
coach (n)
coach (v)
Mr Wun is my tennis coach.
Mr Harrison has coached swimming for two years.
compete (v)
competition (n)
competitor (n)
competitive (adj)
My brother will compete in the swimming gala tomorrow.
The annual badminton competition is a very popular school event.
Two thousand competitors entered the marathon.
This is a highly competitive tournament with many world class players competing in the events.
cycle (v)
cycling (n)
cyclist (n)
Betsy cycles to work every weekend, when the traffic is lighter.
John participated in the cycling competition and came third.
Wong Kam Po, the famous cyclist, will hold a book signing session in the upcoming Hong Kong
Book Fair.
35
Vocabulary
defeat (n)
defeat (v)
determine (v)
determination (n)
determined (adj)
go on a diet ( phr)
diet (n)
endure (v)
endurance (n)
enduring (adj)
equip (v)
equipment (n)
fan (n)
fanatic (n)
fanatical (adj)
foul (n)
foul (v)
glove (n)
gloved (adj)
injure (v)
injury (n)
injured (adj)
Definition
Model sentence
The basketball team is still upset about their defeat yesterday.
Our school was defeated in the football match last week, 3-0.
They are determined to improve their fitness levels.
He played the match with great determination to reclaim his title as champion.
The team was determined to play better in the next round of the tournament.
Bobby has decided to go on a diet to improve his health.
It is important to have a well-balanced diet.
A good athlete has to endure years of gruelling training.
A marathon is a long race which tests a runner’s endurance.
Badminton has an enduring appeal to many people.
Cricket players should be equipped with protective clothing when playing a game.
All the equipment for Sports Day is stored in this room.
Most of my classmates are big table tennis fans.
My dad is a sports fanatic who loves all kinds of sport.
Mr Harris is a fanatical runner who runs for at least two hours every day.
Players who committed fouls in the basketball competition last week were punished.
Dave fouled his opponent in the competition and was disqualified.
It is necessary to wear gloves when skiing.
His gloved hands were unaffected by the fall.
David injured himself during the race.
There were no injuries during the game, thankfully.
Thomas’ injured leg soon began to heal.
36
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
keep fit ( phr)
fitness (n)
fit (adj)
To keep fit, you need to exercise regularly.
A high level of fitness is important for tennis players.
Dave is fit because he exercises every day.
lose (v)
loss (n)
losing (adj)
He lost the badminton match.
The heavy loss encouraged the team to practise more.
The losing team vowed to come back and win.
match … against … ( phr v)
match (n)
It is likely to be a close match as the teams are evenly matched against each other.
We stayed up last night to watch the football match from Brazil.
muscle (n)
muscular (adj)
Yoga can help your muscles relax.
My brother lifts weights every day; as a result, he is very muscular.
participate in (v)
participation (n)
participant (n)
I signed up for the school football team as I want to participate in their inter-school
matches.
Participation in school sports helps students make friends.
Participants in the dragon boat race have been training for many months.
physiotherapy (n)
physiotherapist (n)
After he broke his leg, he needed physiotherapy before he could walk again.
Amy is a physiotherapist who works at a hospital in London.
play (n)
player (n)
It is important to have a healthy balance between work and play.
He is a famous football player, and his picture is often in the media.
practise (v)
practice (n)
practice makes perfect (idm)
If you want to be good at sport, you need to practise frequently.
Football practice is every Wednesday, from 3.30 – 5.30 p.m.
May believes that practice makes perfect, and so she swims three times a week.
race (n)
race (v)
I will take part in a road race tomorrow.
I am racing tomorrow at 11 a.m.
37
Vocabulary
record (n)
record (v)
break a/the record ( phr)
record holder (n)
score (v)
score (n)
<draw> (n)
skill (n)
Definition
Model sentence
Mary likes to keep a record of what she has done in her diary.
Celebrations of the team’s victory were recorded and shown on television.
Tim was not able to break the record in the shot put competition, but he still won the event.
Cathy is the record holder for the 100-metre sprint.
The basketball team scored 112 points in last week’s game.
I wanted to check the score, so I switched on the TV.
The exciting game ended in a one-all draw.
skilfully (adv)
Tennis players need to work on their skills regularly.
Footballers are very skilled athletes.
After three months of coaching, I have become a skilful squash player.
She skilfully passed the ball across the court to me.
spectator (n)
The spectators were thrilled by the speed of the match.
sport (n)
Many students enjoy taking part in sport.
Good sportsmanship was shown yesterday when both teams played fairly.
skilled (adj)
skilful (adj)
sportsmanship (n)
strengthen (v)
strength (n)
team up ( phr v)
team (n)
team spirit (n)
teammate (n)
win (v)
winner (n)
Our team needs to strengthen its defence.
She does weight training to build up her muscle strength for the annual triathlon.
Tom teamed up with May for the competition.
The school football team is playing in a match tomorrow.
This team has excellent team spirit.
We will have new teammates joining our baseball team next season.
Our team won because we had trained hard.
The final tomorrow will determine who the winner is.
38
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
39
Unit 5
Cultures of the World
Country
People
Capital
Currency
Argentina
Argentines/Argentinians
Buenos Aires
(Argentine) peso
Australia
Australian
Canberra
Australian dollar
Austria
Austrian
Vienna
euro
Belgium
Belgian
Brussels
euro
Brazil
Brazilian
Brasilia
(Brazilian) real
Canada
Canadian
Ottawa
Canadian dollar
Chile
Chilean
Santiago
(Chilean) peso
China
Chinese
Beijing
Renminbi
Denmark
Dane
Copenhagen
(Danish) krone
Egypt
Egyptian
Cairo
Egyptian pound
Finland
Finnish, Finn
Helsinki
euro
France
French
Paris
euro
Germany
German
Berlin
euro
40
Country
People
Capital
Currency
Greece
Greek
Athens
euro
India
Indian
New Delhi
Indian rupee
Indonesia
Indonesian
Jakarta
rupiah
Italy
Italian
Rome
euro
Japan
Japanese
Tokyo
yen
Malaysia
Malaysian
Kuala Lumpur
(Malaysian) ringgit
Mexico
Mexican
Mexico City
(Mexican) peso
The Netherlands
Dutch
Amsterdam
euro
New Zealand
New Zealander
Wellington
New Zealand dollar
Norway
Norwegian
Oslo
(Norwegian) krone
Russia
Russian
Moscow
ruble
Singapore
Singaporean
Singapore
Singapore dollar
South Africa
South African
Pretoria (administrative/executive)
(South African) rand
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Cape Town (legislative)
41
Country
People
Capital
Currency
South Korea
South Korean/Korean
Seoul
(South Korean) won
Sweden
Swedish
Stockholm
(Swedish) krona
Switzerland
Swiss
Bern
(Swiss) franc
Thailand
Thai
Bangkok
baht
The Philippines
Filipino
Manila
(Philippine) peso
United Kingdom
the British; Briton
London
pound sterling
United States of America
American
Washington, D.C.
U.S. dollar
Vietnam
Vietnamese
Hanoi
dong
42
international driving
permit (n)
long-haul (adj)
luggage consignment
(n)
medical insurance (n)
online check-in (n)
passport (n)
premium economy
class (n)
air passenger departure
tax (n)
air ticket (n)
arrival (n)
baggage allowance (n)
budget airline (n)
business class (n)
carry-on/cabin/hand
baggage (n)
check-in/checked
baggage (n)
customs (n)
declare (v)
departure (n)
e-Channel (n)
economy class (n)
exchange rate (n)
first class (n)
e-
residence permit (n)
short-haul (adj)
terminal (n)
transfer (n)
transit passenger (n)
travel agency (n)
travel agent (n)
travel insurance (n)
valid passport (n)
visa (n)
frequent flyer (n)
fuel surcharge (n)
Hong Kong SAR
Passport (n)
43
accommodation (n)
adaptability (n)
attraction (n)
backpack (n)
border (n)
camper van (n)
casino (n)
check in ( phr v)
city tour (n)
companion (n)
cosmopolitan (adj)
cross-cultural
understanding (n)
culture shock (n)
double room (n)
duty-free (adj)
ecotour (n)
excursion (n)
exploration (n)
express train (n)
eye-opening experience
(n)
flea market (n)
global perspective (n)
guidebook (n)
heritage (n)
high-speed rail (n)
homestay (n)
hostel (n)
hotel (n)
hot spring (n)
itinerary (n)
jet lag (n)
landscape (n)
layover (n)
lost and found office (n)
magnificent (adj)
monument (n)
motel (n)
route (n)
self-planned travelling (n)
shopping spree (n)
sightseeing (n)
single room (n)
skyscraper (n)
sleeping bag (n)
social skills (n)
sofa surfing/couch surfing (n)
statue (n)
stopover (n)
tent (n)
time difference (n)
time zone (n)
travel adapter (n)
viewing cherry blossoms ( phr)
wildlife (n)
youth hostel (n)
44
Attraction
the Acropolis of
Athens
Country/Region
Attraction
Greece
Central Park
<<Athens>>
the Alps
<<Europe>>
Amazon
Rainforest
<<South America>>
Country/Region
United States of
America
<<New York City>>
(spanning
Austria, France,
Germany,
Switzerland,
Italy, Slovenia,
Liechtenstein)
the Colosseum/
Roman Coliseum
(spanning Brazil,
Peru, Colombia,
Venezuela,
Ecuador,
Bolivia, Guyana,
Suriname,
French Guiana)
Easter Island
Italy
<<Rome>>
45
Chile
Attraction
Eiffel Tower
Country/Region
Attraction
France
Grand Canyon
National Park
<<Paris>>
Forbidden City
(the Imperial
Palace)
United States of
America
<<Arizona>>
China
the Great Wall of
China
China
<<from
Shanhaiguan in
the east of China
to Lop Nur in the
west>>
<<Beijing>>
Giza Necropolis
Country/Region
Egypt
London Eye/
Millennium
Wheel
<<Giza>>
<<London>>
46
United
Kingdom
Attraction
Mount Fuji
Country/Region
Attraction
Japan
Red Square
<<West of Tokyo>>
Nile
Country/Region
Russia
<<Moscow>>
Egypt
Rhine
<<the longest river
in the world>>
<<the longest river
in Europe>>
Palace of Versailles France
Ruins of St Paul’s
<<in the Île-deFrance region>>
47
Germany
Macau Special
Administrative
Region
Attraction
Sahara
<<the world’s
largest desert>>
Statue of Liberty
Country/Region
Attraction
(spanning
Algeria,
Chad, Egypt,
Libya, Mali,
Mauritania,
Morocco, Niger,
Western Sahara,
Sudan, Tunisia)
Taj Mahal
United States of
America
Tokyo Tower
India
<<Agra>>
<<Liberty Island •
New York City>>
Sydney Opera
House
Country/Region
Japan
<<Tokyo>>
Australia
Vatican City
<<a landlocked
sovereign city-state
within Rome>>
<<Sydney>>
48
State of the
Vatican City
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
accommodate (v)
accommodation (n)
adapt (v)
adaptability (n)
adaptable (adj)
adventure (n)
Definition
Model sentence
This room can accommodate eight people.
The accommodation provided by the tour operator was surprisingly good.
It took a long time for Tom to adapt to his new life in Japan.
Jane’s adaptability allows her to move between different jobs easily.
Tim is adaptable and resourceful, so it is easy for him to tackle new projects.
adventurous (adj)
Children often want to go on exciting adventures for the thrills and excitement.
Adventurers enjoy exploring new places.
He is an adventurous person who enjoys trying new things.
airline (n)
Airlines are greatly affected by oil prices.
budget airline (n)
Budget airlines are an economical alternative for frequent flyers.
arrive (v)
We need to arrive at the airport by 4 p.m., otherwise we may miss our flight.
The arrival of the pop star caused great excitement.
adventurer (n)
arrival (n)
attract (v)
attraction (n)
attractive (adj)
border (n)
border (v)
budget (n)
budget (v)
low budget (n)
The magnificent scenery attracts many tourists each year.
Ocean Park is a major tourist attraction in Hong Kong.
Tokyo is one of the most attractive cities in the world.
Police patrol the border to help stop illegal immigration.
China borders Russia in the north and Vietnam in the south.
The budget set aside for helping the poor was criticised as being insufficient.
We need to budget carefully for the Christmas party so as not to be in the red.
In hard times, many people have to survive on a low budget.
49
Vocabulary
camp (n)
camp (v)
campsite (n)
check in ( phr v)
check out ( phr v)
cruise (n)
cruise (v)
cruise ship (n)
culture (n)
Definition
Model sentence
David attends tennis camp every summer.
I want to camp beside the beach so that I can hear the sound of the waves.
We picked up all our rubbish before we left the campsite.
After leaving the airport, we went straight to the hotel to check in.
All of our team have checked out of their rooms and are waiting for the tour guide in the lobby.
The cruise was the trip of a lifetime and we were pampered and well-catered for on board the
ocean liner.
We cruised around Antarctica on a luxury liner!
This cruise ship has a swimming pool, a tennis court and a sauna.
culture shock (n)
Each country has its own unique culture.
Serena suffered from culture shock during her first trip away from her home country.
customs (n)
At customs, people’s luggage is searched for illegal goods.
customary (adj)
The manager’s customary good humour and attention to detail made us feel welcome at the hotel.
exchange (v)
Mr Sims has exchanged all his Hong Kong dollars for pounds as he is moving to London next
month.
Exchange rates have been fluctuating recently.
exchange rate (n)
explore (v)
exploration (n)
explorer (n)
expose to sth ( phr v)
exposure (n)
Jimmy likes to explore new places on his own; he never travels with a tour group.
Space exploration has led to many great discoveries about the universe.
As an explorer, she frequently travels to remote parts of the earth to learn more about these areas.
Students should be exposed to an English environment from a young age.
Exposure in the media has been very positive for the company and helped rebuild its image.
50
Vocabulary
flight (n)
book a flight ( phr)
flight attendant (n)
insurance (n)
Definition
Model sentence
The flight was cancelled due to a typhoon.
I have booked a flight for my trip to Singapore.
Flight attendants serve plane passengers their meals and drinks.
insured (adj)
He has taken out full household insurance for his new apartment so that it is covered in
case of damage.
It is important to take out travel insurance when you are travelling.
David is insured to drive his mother’s car.
international (adj)
Lily is an international star with fans all over the world.
landmark (n)
The International Finance Centre is a famous landmark in Central.
Hong Kong’s natural landscape is very beautiful.
travel insurance (n)
landscape (n)
overseas (adj)
overseas (adv)
regulate (v)
regulation (n)
scenery (n)
scenic (adj)
shop (n)
shop (v)
shopping (n)
skyline (n)
skyscraper (n)
There are many overseas students studying in Hong Kong.
Peter would like to work overseas after he graduates.
The government regulates the local travel industry to help protect consumers.
The aviation industry follows strict regulations on safety matters.
The scenery from this house is magnificent; you can see the whole of Victoria Harbour!
We walked along a scenic bridge and took many photos.
Many famous shops can be found in Hong Kong.
Many visitors come to Hong Kong to shop.
John does his shopping on the first day of each month.
Hong Kong’s skyline has changed a lot over the years.
There are many skyscrapers in Hong Kong.
51
Vocabulary
time difference (n)
time zone (n)
jet lag (n)
tourist (n)
tourism (n)
tourist trap (n)
transport (n)
transport (v)
travel (v)
Definition
Model sentence
There is no time difference between Hong Kong and Beijing.
London and Hong Kong are in different time zones.
Janice is still suffering from jet lag after returning from New York.
Over 54 million tourists visited Hong Kong in 2013.
Tourism is an important source of income for many countries.
Tourists should be aware of tourist traps where prices might be much higher than they should be.
The public transport system in Hong Kong is cheap and efficient.
Food and supplies will be transported by helicopter to the area hit by the earthquake.
travel sickness (n)
I have travelled to many different places, but I like Hong Kong the best.
Most experienced travellers know what to do in case of emergency on trips.
Travel agencies book hotels and plane tickets for tourists.
Ken suffers from travel sickness when flying so he prefers travelling by train.
trip (n)
The school is arranging a graduation trip to Macau.
view (n)
The view from the Peak attracts millions of tourists each year.
Hong Kong is viewed as one of the most dynamic cities in the world.
Millions of viewers around the world watched the World Cup Final last night.
traveller (n)
travel agency (n)
view (v)
viewer (n)
visit (v)
visit (n)
visitor (n)
We will visit a famous temple today.
She paid us a visit this morning.
All visitors must remove their shoes before entering the mosque.
52
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
53
Unit 6
The Individual & Society
Disability Discrimination
Ordinance
Family Status Discrimination
Ordinance
Race Discrimination Ordinance
Sex Discrimination Ordinance
aggrieved person (n)
anti-discrimination (n)
apply (v)
civil rights (n)
code of practice (n)
cultural diversity (n)
eligibility to vote ( phr)
eliminate (v)
emancipation (n)
emotional disturbance (n)
equal opportunities (n)
equal opportunity officer (n)
equal pay (n)
female (n)
Genuine Occupational
Qualification (n)
good management practice
( phr)
grace period (n)
hostile environment ( phr)
human rights (n)
humiliated (adj)
immediate family member
( phr)
inherent requirements
of a job ( phr)
intimidated (adj)
job-related (adj)
learning difficulties (n)
male (n)
marital status (n)
maternity benefits (n)
maternity leave (n)
obligation (n)
offend (v)
on the grounds of ( phr)
organisation management
(n)
paternity leave (n)
personnel department (n)
54
portrayed as ( phr)
pregnancy (n)
prevent (v)
provision of goods,
facilities or services
( phr)
relevant circumstances
( phr)
rights based approach
( phr)
total or partial loss
of a person’s bodily
functions ( phr)
total or partial loss of
a person’s mental
functions ( phr)
unlawful (adj)
(
)
adversely affect ( phr)
contempt (n)
deny admission ( phr)
discrimination (n)
incite hatred ( phr)
indirect discrimination (n)
penalise (v)
refuse to employ ( phr)
ridicule (v)
segregation (n)
sexual harassment (n)
treat less favourably ( phr)
unjustifiable (adj)
verbal attack/abuse (n)
victimisation (n)
affectionate (adj)
biased (adj)
conceited (adj)
conservative (adj)
dignity (n)
hateful (adj)
open-minded (adj)
prejudiced against ( phr)
pride (n)
receptive (adj)
respectful (adj)
suspicious (adj)
sympathetic (adj)
tolerant (adj)
vicious (adj)
apology (n)
authorise a representative
( phr)
civil suit (n)
claim (v)
confidential (adj)
complainant (n)
complain (v)
complaint (n)
conciliation (n)
conciliation officer/
conciliator (n)
defence (n)
District Court (n)
early conciliation ( phr)
enactment of equal
opportunities policies ( phr)
Equal Opportunities
Commission (n)
equitable (adj)
forensic skills (n)
formal legal foundation ( phr)
55
handling procedures ( phr)
impartial (adj)
investigation (n)
lacking substance ( phr)
lawyer (n)
legal advice (n)
legal aid (n)
legal proceedings (n)
legal representative (n)
legally binding (adj)
lodge (a complaint) (v)
monetary compensation/
financial settlement ( phr)
mutually acceptable
agreement ( phr)
near relative (n)
ordinance (n)
prosecution (n)
reinstatement (n)
respondent (n)
settle (v)
settlement (n)
statement (n)
statutory provision (n)
trial (n)
tribunal (n)
verify (v)
witness (n)
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
adverse (adj)
adversely (adv)
advocate (n)
advocate (v)
advocacy (n)
apologise (v)
apology (n)
apologetic (adj)
attack (v)
Definition
Model sentence
Some people believe that computer games have an adverse effect on young children if they
spend too much time playing them.
The school was not adversely affected by the scandal.
Green advocates are campaigning for higher taxes on greenhouse gas emissions.
Many politicians advocate tax cuts.
That politician is well known for his advocacy of human rights.
The student apologised to the teacher for his rude comment.
Jim’s friend accepted his apology.
He was very apologetic about what had happened.
verbal attack (n)
The dog attacked the trespasser.
A verbal attack against a person can be very damaging.
bias (n)
Bias against women is still prevalent in some societies.
bias (v)
biased (adj)
The media can be biased in some situations.
The mayor’s biased comments came under severe attack from the public.
claim (n)
The judge found the claim to be unjustified.
claim (v)
Philip claimed that the selection process was unfair.
The claimant gave up his case because of public pressure.
claimant (n)
complain (v)
complaint (n)
complainant (n)
The customer complained to the restaurant about the quality of the food.
May made a complaint about her employer’s discrimination.
The complainant won the court case and was paid compensation.
56
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
contempt (n)
Mrs Chan has a low opinion of Sarah and eyes her with contempt.
deny (v)
denial (n)
He denied cheating in the exam.
There has been a shocking denial of his legal rights.
dignity (n)
She accepted the court’s decision with dignity.
The students looked very dignified during their graduation ceremony.
dignified (adj)
discriminate (v)
discrimination (n)
discriminatory (adj)
diversify (v)
diversity (n)
eliminate (v)
elimination (n)
emancipate (v)
emancipation (n)
equality (n)
equal pay (n)
equal opportunities (n)
equal (adj)
harass (v)
sexual harassment (n)
Employers should not discriminate against people of different races, creeds or colours.
There are laws in Hong Kong to protect people from discrimination.
Discriminatory practices include paying different wages for the same job.
Students are encouraged to diversify their interests.
The diversity of after-school activities here is impressive.
The government vowed to eliminate poverty.
The group is campaigning for the elimination of crime.
Are modern day women fully emancipated in the business world?
The emancipation of slaves was a major event in nineteenth century history.
Women have fought for equality for many years.
Employers should strictly follow the policy of equal pay, and pay according to ability and
performance only.
Promoting equal opportunities is conducive to a harmonious society.
Men and women enjoy equal rights in our society.
He says that he is being harassed by his manager.
That employee was fired for the sexual harassment of another employee.
57
Vocabulary
hate (v)
hateful (adj)
humiliate (v)
Definition
Model sentence
He hates being caught in traffic during the rush hour.
The speech the extremist gave was so hateful that many people got up and left.
humiliation (n)
It is unacceptable to humiliate others by making them feel inferior.
She found the humiliation caused by the embarrassing situation almost unbearable.
impartiality (n)
Impartiality is important when listening to different versions of an event.
impartial (adj)
The judge was accused of not being impartial as he didn’t allow a number of witnesses to give
evidence.
Everyone wanted the case to be treated impartially so that neither side would have an advantage.
impartially (adv)
incite (v)
incite hatred ( phr)
justify (v)
Paul incited the team to show bad sportsmanship with his aggressive behaviour.
To incite hatred against another race is illegal.
justification (n)
The students tried to justify their actions with lame excuses but the principal was not convinced.
I can see no justification for your actions.
justifiable (adj)
The students’ pride in their achievements is justifiable.
legal (adj)
The lawyers are discussing whether that is legal or not.
People in need can apply for legal aid and receive legal advice for free or at a lower cost.
The director consulted her solicitor for legal advice about the contract.
Legal proceedings can be time-consuming and costly when disputes go to court.
Each party has a legal representative in this case.
Judgements delivered in court are legally binding.
legal aid (n)
legal advice (n)
legal proceedings (n)
legal representative (n)
legally binding (adj)
58
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
maternity (n)
The pregnant woman is in the maternity ward.
maternity benefits (n)
maternity leave (n)
Women in Hong Kong are entitled to maternity benefits during and after pregnancy.
Mary is on maternity leave but will be back at work next month.
offend (v)
offensive (adj)
He often offends people with his bad language.
Gestures that are acceptable in one culture may be regarded as offensive in another.
offended (adj)
Kate felt offended when her friend ignored her.
penalise (v)
penalty (n)
Cheating in examinations will be penalised severely.
The focus group proposed increasing the penalty for littering.
portray (v)
portrayal (n)
The author portrayed her hero as a ruthless man.
The portrayal of Hamlet by Jim was widely praised by all.
prejudice (n)
prejudiced (adj)
Having prejudices blinds people’s judgements and decision-making abilities.
The group is prejudiced against younger students.
ridicule (v)
It is wrong to ridicule other people’s ideas; we should agree to disagree.
right (n)
animal rights/human rights (n)
You have the right to remain silent.
The organisation was set up to promote human rights.
segregate (v)
segregation (n)
We should never segregate people based on race or religion.
There is segregation according to age at school.
treat (v)
treatment (n)
treated less favourably ( phr)
Everyone is treated with respect in this company.
I received excellent medical treatment.
Chris felt he was treated less favourably than others in his office.
59
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
60
Level 2
Unit 1
The Individual & Society
Intellectual piracy
Criminal behaviour
authentic (adj)
commerce (n)
copyright (n)
counterfeit (adj)
file-sharing (n)
forgery (n)
genuine (adj)
imitate (v)
intellectual property (n)
original (adj)
patent (n)
permission (n)
pirated (adj)
plagiarism (n)
preview (n)
profit (n)
spyware (n)
trademark (n)
unauthorised (adj)
virus (n)
abuse (v)
arson (n)
assault (n)
blackmail (n)
break into ( phr v)
bribery (n)
burglar (n)
commit (v)
corruption (n)
cunning (adj)
depredation (n)
drug trafficking (n)
fraud (n)
gang (n)
hijack (v; n)
homicide (n)
hostage (n)
intent (n)
invade (v)
kidnap (v)
lawbreaker (n)
loot (v; n)
murder (v; n)
plunder (v)
poison (v)
ransom (n)
rape (v; n)
ravage (v)
robbery (n)
shoplifting (n)
sin (n)
sly (adj)
smuggle (v)
steal (v)
theft (n)
thief (n)
vice (n)
violence (n)
62
Law & justice
allege (v)
captivity (n)
community service
order (n)
comply (v)
convince (v)
court (n)
criminal (n)
discourage (v)
dishonest (adj)
fine (n)
guilty (adj)
illegal (adj)
illicit (adj)
imprisonment (n)
improper (adj)
infringe (v)
innocent (adj)
jail (n)
judge (n)
jurisdiction (n)
jury (n)
justice (n)
law-abiding (adj)
legitimate (adj)
let off ( phr v)
pardon (v; n)
penalty (n)
prosecute (v)
respect (v)
rightful (adj)
sentence (v; n)
solicitor (n)
<barrister> (n)
sue (v)
unethical (adj)
victim (n)
violate (v)
witness (n)
criminal case (n)
enforce (v)
escape (v)
Fire Services Department (n)
handcuffs (n)
Hong Kong Customs and
Excise Department (n)
Hong Kong Police Force (n)
Immigration Department (n)
Independent Commission
Against Corruption
(ICAC) (n)
injured (adj)
Judiciary
patrol (v)
prohibit (v)
raid (v)
red-handed (adj)
retreat (v)
seize (v)
surrender (v)
suspected (adj)
Enforcing law & order
apprehend (v)
arrest (v)
civil case (n)
combat (v)
convict (v)
convict (n)
Correctional Services
Department (n)
63
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
abuse (n)
abuse (v)
acquire (v)
acquisition (n)
anxious (adj)
Definition
Model sentence
Drug abuse causes serious damage to one’s health.
She abused her power by claiming unnecessary travel expenses.
It is important for you to acquire the skills needed to perform this task well.
Language acquisition takes place over many years.
anxiety (n)
He felt anxious about travelling without his parents.
During their exams, many students experience high levels of anxiety.
apprehend (v)
The robbers were finally apprehended in the afternoon by the police.
assault (n)
assault (v)
Verbal assaults can deeply hurt a person.
They called the police immediately after being assaulted by gang members who demanded
money from them.
combat (v)
Governments around the world are trying to do more to combat Internet piracy.
commerce (n)
Commerce is an important part of Hong Kong’s economy.
commercial (adj)
Hong Kong is an international commercial centre with one of the world’s top stock markets.
contribute (v)
We can contribute to society by taking part in voluntary work.
The school made a substantial contribution to the charity.
contribution (n)
convict (n)
convict (v)
copyright (n)
copyright (v)
The convict has served seven years of a nine-year prison sentence.
The gang were convicted of planning a bank robbery.
This product is protected by copyright.
The book contains copyrighted material.
64
Vocabulary
criminal (n)
criminal (adj)
decent (adj)
decently (adv)
decency (n)
enforce (v)
enforcement (n)
frown (n)
frown (v)
genuine (adj)
<fake> (adj)
guard (n)
guard (v)
guilty (adj)
<innocent> (adj)
imprison (v)
imprisonment (n)
infringe (v)
infringement (n)
Definition
Model sentence
Three criminals were apprehended by the police this morning after they tried to rob a shop in
Mong Kok.
It is against the law to engage in criminal activities.
The food in the school canteen is quite decent – I eat there every day.
Students should dress decently on Own Clothes Day.
The students had the decency to own up to what they had done.
The school prefects help enforce the school rules.
Law enforcement officers work hard to ensure citizens obey the law.
The speaker looked up with a frown as the latecomers entered the lecture hall.
Susan’s teacher frowned at her to let her know she should stop whispering in class.
This is a genuine designer bag, not a copy.
It is wrong to purchase fake goods which infringe copyright.
There are two security guards in the shop.
We should always remember to guard against pickpockets, especially in crowded places.
He was found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.
Despite pleading innocent, she was sentenced to five years in jail.
He was imprisoned for selling pirated goods.
Offenders risk imprisonment if they are found guilty of breaking the law.
They knowingly infringed copyright by selling fake products.
Illegally downloading films and music may lead to the infringement of copyright which is
punishable by fines or even jail sentences.
65
Vocabulary
interrupt (v)
interruption (n)
invade (v)
Definition
Model sentence
The solicitor kept interrupting the witness with questions during the cross examination.
The riot caused an interruption to the match, but play resumed after an hour.
invasion (n)
Paparazzi often invade the privacy of film stars by following and photographing them everywhere.
If you do not browse carefully, your computer could face an invasion by hackers.
justify (v)
Officials justified their proposal to the public through a short video.
justification (n)
There is no justification for buying pirated goods.
latest (adj)
This computer has been equipped with the latest anti-virus software.
legitimate (adj)
There are legitimate reasons for this action, and it is fully backed by the law.
notorious (adj)
The criminal is notorious for his cruelty towards his victims.
This club is infamous for attracting criminals.
<infamous> (adj)
panic (n)
panicky (adj)
permit (v)
permission (n)
plagiarism (n)
plagiarise (v)
poison (n)
The burglars were in a panic because they had set off the house alarm.
It is important not to become panicky when a crisis occurs – stay calm.
Her parents permitted her to surf the Internet at weekends.
You need your parents’ permission to take part in this activity.
The school expels any student found guilty of plagiarism.
He plagiarised the work of others that he found on the Internet.
poison (v)
Rat poison should be used with extreme caution.
Drug taking and alcoholism poison family relationships.
prohibit (v)
Smoking in shopping malls is prohibited in Hong Kong.
66
Vocabulary
prominence (n)
prominent (adj)
raid (n)
raid (v)
responsible (adj)
responsibility (n)
sentence (n)
sentence (v)
smuggling (n)
Definition
Model sentence
This scientist has achieved prominence in his field and is widely recognised for his work.
The building is in a prominent position and can be seen from far away.
The police launched a raid on a nightclub last night.
The police raided an apartment and found a large amount of pirated DVDs.
He is responsible for managing a department of thirty people.
It is the responsibility of students to prepare adequately for their exams.
The sentence will be announced in court today after the defendant was found guilty yesterday.
The criminal was sentenced to life imprisonment for his crime.
smuggle (v)
Smuggling is a serious problem, causing the government to lose revenue from duties on
imported goods.
The smuggler had hidden illegal drugs inside his shoes.
They were caught smuggling fake handbags into Hong Kong.
stamp (sth) out ( phr v)
The government is working hard to stamp out illegal downloading from the Internet.
suspect (n)
suspect (v)
The suspects were released on bail.
If you suspect that a shop is selling fake goods, you should report it to the police.
villain (n)
Steve will play a villain in his next film.
violate (v)
Drivers could lose their driving licence if they violate traffic regulations.
Speeding is a serious violation of the traffic laws.
smuggler (n)
violation (n)
violence (n)
violent (adj)
Violence never solves problems.
People with violent tempers can be dangerous.
67
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
68
Unit 2
Things Wonderful & Precious
Emotion
Personality
Looks and appearance
anxious (adj)
calm (adj)
contented/satisfied (adj)
delighted (adj)
depressed (adj)
desperate (adj)
disheartened (adj)
dissatisfied (adj)
elated (adj)
emotional (adj)
frustrated (adj)
gloomy (adj)
in a temper ( phr)
miserable (adj)
optimistic (adj)
pessimistic (adj)
rage (n)
shame (n)
arrogant (adj)
emotional (adj)
humble (adj)
immature (adj)
impulsive (adj)
nasty (adj)
old-fashioned (adj)
perfectionist (n)
prudent (adj)
realistic (adj)
sensible (adj)
sensitive (adj)
smart (adj)
sporty (adj)
surly (adj)
vivacious (adj)
attractive (adj)
bald (adj)
bearded (adj)
bony (adj)
bulky (adj)
chubby (adj)
clean-shaven (adj)
complexion (n)
dishevelled (adj)
fabulous (adj)
freckles (n)
glamorous (adj)
good-looking (adj)
haircut (n)
make-up (n)
moustache (n)
muscular (adj)
pale (adj)
physically (adv)
pimply (adj)
plain (adj)
receding hairline (n)
69
scar (n)
skin tone (n)
skinny (adj)
slim (adj)
sturdy (adj)
tanned (adj)
tattooed (adj)
trimmed (adj)
wrinkles (n)
Health & well-being
anorexia (n)
balanced diet (n)
binge (v; n)
bodybuilding (n)
bulimia (n)
calories (n)
carbohydrate (n)
cultivate (v)
food pyramid (n)
gym (n)
malnutrition (n)
mineral (n)
nutrition (n)
personal hygiene (n)
poach (v)
puberty (n)
regular (adj)
snack (n)
snack (v)
starve (v)
steam (v)
vegan (n)
vegetarian (n)
vitamin (n)
workout (n)
Health/Beauty management
brace (n)
cardiology (n)
checkup (n)
cosmetic/plastic
surgery (n)
dental checkup (n)
dentist (n)
dermabrasion (n)
70
dermatology (n)
diagnosis (n)
implant (v; n)
liposuction (n)
medical staff (n)
mental (adj)
operation/surgery (n)
optician (n)
patient (n)
physical (adj)
physician (n)
physiotherapist (n)
podiatrist (n)
recuperate (v)
skin care (n)
therapeutic (adj)
treatment (n)
Ailments, complications & other problems
aging (n)
ailment (n)
alcoholism (n)
allergy (n)
anguish/pain (n)
asthma (n)
backache (n)
bully (v)
cardiac arrest (n)
complication (n)
deteriorate (v)
diarrhoea (n)
drug abuse (n)
flat feet (n)
insomnia (n)
insult (v; n)
jeer (v; n)
malpractice (n)
nicotine addiction (n)
obesity (n)
overweight (adj)
peer pressure (n)
self-confidence (n)
self-esteem (n)
stomachache (n)
stress (n)
symptom (n)
tooth decay (n)
vomit (v; n)
weakness (n)
71
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
addiction (n)
Definition
Model sentence
addicted (adj)
It takes a lot of courage to admit to drug addiction.
It is easy to become addicted to smoking.
alcoholism (n)
Alcoholism is a serious medical condition.
alcoholic (adj)
That is not a soft drink – it is an alcoholic one.
anguish (n)
She was filled with anguish after finding out she had a heart problem.
arrogance (n)
The physician’s arrogance makes him very unpopular among the rest of the medical staff.
He is an arrogant person and is unlikely to take the doctor’s advice.
arrogant (adj)
attract (v)
attractive (adj)
balance (n)
balanced (adj)
bully (n)
bully (v)
complaint (n)
complain (v)
confidence (n)
confident (adj)
consideration (n)
consider (v)
I was attracted to the university by its excellent reputation.
The patient was coaxed into taking a few mouthfuls of food by his very attractive carer.
We should have a balance between work and play.
Secondary schools should promote a balanced lifestyle of work, rest and play.
When she found out her son was a bully, she sought help from a counsellor.
He was bullied by his classmates.
He plans to file a complaint with the Medical Assocation about a case of medical malpractice.
He complained of having a headache.
His parents boosted his confidence by giving him lots of encouragement.
He felt confident about his exam.
Working out our budget is an important consideration for our business.
It is important to consider both sides of an argument before reaching a decision.
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Vocabulary
delight (n)
delighted (adj)
desperation (n)
desperate (adj)
deterioration (n)
deteriorate (v)
diagnosis (n)
diagnose (v)
dishearten (v)
disheartened (adj)
emotion (n)
emotional (adj)
frustration (n)
frustrated (adj)
glamour (n)
glamorous (adj)
gloom (n)
gloomy (adj)
impression (n)
impress (v)
Definition
Model sentence
To their delight, they won the debate.
He was delighted when he heard the news.
Out of desperation, they asked the other group to help them with their project.
He was desperate to perform well in the swimming gala.
There was a serious deterioration in the players’ team spirit.
Weather conditions are rapidly deteriorating, and people should return home quickly.
He is waiting for the doctor’s diagnosis.
He was diagnosed with flu, but has now recovered.
We were disheartened by the poor organisation at the event.
After all the training, he was disheartened not to win the race.
Sometimes teenagers find it hard to express their emotions.
Graduation ceremonies are often very emotional occasions.
His level of frustration grew as he repeatedly failed to score a goal.
He was frustrated with the slow progress of his project.
Many teenagers are attracted to the glamour of a Hollywood lifestyle.
While some people dream of a glamorous lifestyle, others prefer to lead a simple life.
She has an air of gloom about her and is always negative.
The economic outlook for the country is quite gloomy.
It is important to make a good impression at an interview.
I was impressed with her knowledge of the subject.
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Vocabulary
impulse (n)
impulsive (adj)
insult (n)
insult (v)
mature (adj)
<immature> (adj)
misery (n)
miserable (adj)
nutrition (n)
Definition
Model sentence
He had a sudden impulse to laugh out loud.
He sometimes gets into trouble because of his impulsive nature.
When she told him what she really thought of him, he took it as an insult.
She felt insulted by his rude comments.
He is very mature for his age.
Sometimes he is quite immature and behaves like a six-year-old.
In some parts of the world, people live in terrible misery.
He had a miserable childhood.
nutritious (adj)
Many children around the world do not have access to good nutrition.
To stay healthy, we should eat nutritious foods such as fresh fruit and vegetables.
obesity (n)
Obesity can cause many serious health problems.
obese (adj)
Nowadays, more teenagers are obese than in our parents’ day.
optimism (n)
There was widespread optimism in financial markets when the US dollar rose sharply.
She was optimistic about her career prospects.
optimistic (adj)
pessimism (n)
pessimistic (adj)
physical (adj)
physically (adv)
She was filled with pessimism about her job prospects after graduating.
He felt pessimistic about his chances in the class election.
It is important to work on your physical and mental health.
He is physically strong, but mentally weak.
rage (n)
He flew into a rage and became extremely angry when he found out that his best friend had
betrayed him.
realistic (adj)
When planning our future, we should set realistic goals.
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Vocabulary
regular (adj)
regularly (adv)
satisfied (adj)
satisfying (adj)
scar (n)
scar (v)
shame (n)
ashamed (adj)
surgery (n)
surgical (adj)
temptation (n)
tempting (adj)
workout (n)
work out ( phr v)
Definition
Model sentence
Regular daily exercise is important for one’s health.
She visits her grandparents regularly, usually once or twice a week.
She felt satisfied with her exam results as she had passed all her subjects.
He finds volunteer work very satisfying.
The surgery left a small scar on his arm.
The accident scarred him emotionally.
The shame of having made such a silly mistake in front of her friends still embarrasses her today.
He was ashamed of letting his parents down by behaving badly.
She needed surgery on her shoulder.
Surgical instruments are sterilised before use to avoid infection.
Don’t let the temptation of the Internet stop you from studying.
I am on a diet, so chocolate cake and ice cream look especially tempting.
He has just finished a tough workout at the gym and is now exhausted.
She works out at the gym every morning.
75
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
76
Unit 3
Study, School Life & Work
Getting a job
At the workplace
Work, career, etc.
advertisement (n)
application (n)
apply (v)
aptitude test (n)
candidate (n)
CV (curriculum vitae) (n)
employee (n)
employer (n)
fitness test (n)
ill-prepared (adj)
impression (n)
interview (n)
job hunting (n)
job trap (n)
Labour Department (n)
portfolio (n)
amateur (adj)
apprentice (n)
assistant (n)
board of directors (n)
branch (n)
chain (store) (n)
conference room (n)
contract (n)
executive (n)
home office (n)
intern (n)
internship (n)
junior (adj)
senior (adj)
showroom (n)
studio (n)
trainee (n)
administrator (n)
artist (n)
auditor (n)
babysitter/nanny (n)
broker (n)
buyer (n)
Chinese medicine
practitioner (n)
clerk (n)
collector (n)
columnist (n)
connoisseur (n)
creation (n)
creative industries (n)
dog groomer (n)
editor (n)
freelance job (n)
financial planner (n)
fire (v)
flight attendant (n)
handcrafted (adj)
insurance (n)
journalist (n)
recruiter (n)
referee (n)
reference (n)
resume (n)
screening (n)
transcript (n)
vacancy (n)
work station (n)
77
man (v)
news anchor (n)
pharmacist (n)
purchase (v)
real estate (n)
receptionist (n)
retail services (n)
retire (v)
retirement (n)
self-employed (adj)
sketch (n)
summer job (n)
surveyor (n)
temporary job (n)
travel agent (n)
unemployed (adj)
vet (n)
allowance (n)
annual/sick leave (n)
bonus (n)
commission (n)
double pay (n)
Mandatory Provident
Fund (MPF) (n)
medical benefits (n)
negotiable (adj)
overtime (n)
paid leave (n)
pension (n)
promote (v)
promotion (n)
remuneration (n)
subsidy (n)
travel allowance (n)
equipped (adj)
familiarity (n)
fashionable/trendy (adj)
fluent (adj)
independent (adj)
inexperienced (adj)
keen (adj)
latest (adj)
marketing strategies (n)
master’s degree (n)
meticulous (adj)
motivated (adj)
positive thinking (n)
potential (n)
preferable (adj)
proficient (adj)
punctual (adj)
qualification (n)
relevant (adj)
responsible (adj)
scrupulous (adj)
self-disciplined (adj)
sociable (adj)
specification (n)
talented (adj)
technique (n)
trend (n)
vital (adj)
Job requirements
acquire (v)
advantage (n)
articulate (adj)
bachelor’s degree (n)
business acumen (n)
creative (adj)
degree holder (n)
dependable (adj)
desirable (adj)
determined (adj)
diploma (n)
distinction (n)
doctorate (n)
enthusiastic (adj)
78
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
advantage (n)
<disadvantage> (n)
Hong Kong has the advantage of a well-educated and hardworking workforce.
The disadvantage of this plan is that it would be very time-consuming.
advertisement (n)
advertise (v)
An effective advertisement captures people’s attention and interest in a product.
The company did a good job advertising its products on television and in newspapers.
application (n)
apply (v)
You have to submit your application by next Wednesday.
Many school leavers are applying for jobs right now.
assistant (n)
assistance (n)
The manager is currently looking for a hardworking assistant.
We are grateful for his invaluable assistance with the project.
branch (n)
<chain> (n)
This bank is considering opening a new branch in Tai Po.
McDonald’s is a fast food chain with outlets all over the world.
collector (n)
collect (v)
Antique collectors enjoy collecting old pieces of furniture or jewellery.
He has been collecting stamps since he was young.
column (n)
columnist (n)
He writes columns for two different newspapers.
Before he retired, he was a newspaper columnist.
contract (n)
The two companies signed a contract to work together on the project.
depend (v)
dependable (adj)
As you get older, you will depend less on your parents.
She is very dependable, and we can rely on her to get the work done.
desire (n)
desire (v)
desirable (adj)
She has a strong desire for success.
Many people desire to travel to Europe.
He has been offered the most desirable job in the company.
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Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
detail (n)
detailed (adj)
This proposal lacks details and needs to be expanded.
He gave a detailed presentation about his project.
determination (n)
determined (adj)
The team showed great determination during the final match.
He was determined to study medicine at university.
enthusiasm (n)
enthusiastic (adj)
He has shown a great deal of enthusiasm towards his work.
The students were very enthusiastic about the school picnic.
experience (n)
experience (v)
<inexperienced> (adj)
He has 10 years of experience in this business.
We experienced a few problems throughout the project.
They are inexperienced so they will need some training before they can start work.
familiar (adj)
familiarity (n)
This place looks strangely familiar, although I’ve never been here before.
His familiarity with the city made him the perfect tour guide for the exchange students.
finance (n)
financial (adj)
He studied finance at university.
Many businesses suffered during the financial crisis of 2008.
internship (n)
Doctors have to do an internship in a hospital as part of their studies.
journalist (n)
journalism (n)
Her goal is to become a journalist after she graduates.
He studied journalism and now works for a local newspaper.
leave (n)
leave (v)
Employees in this company have 14 days annual leave.
He is leaving for Canada tomorrow.
motivation (n)
motivate (v)
He lacks motivation and doesn’t work hard.
They were motivated to work harder by the prospect of success.
negotiate (v)
negotiable (adj)
The two companies are still negotiating terms and conditions.
The salary is negotiable, and we are open to discussion.
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Vocabulary
prefer (v)
Definition
Model sentence
preferable (adj)
He prefers swimming to running.
Living in the countryside is preferable to living in a busy city.
preparation (n)
Preparation is important if you would like to do well in job interviews.
prepare (v)
They are still preparing their presentation.
proficiency (n)
This test assesses students’ English proficiency.
He is a proficient member of staff in all areas of work.
proficient (adj)
promotion (n)
promote (v)
Her promotion means she is going to move to head office.
He was promoted because of his outstanding sales figures.
punctuality (n)
Punctuality is important at school and in the workplace.
punctual (adj)
She is rarely punctual, and is usually late.
purchase (n)
A car is a major purchase.
She purchased the latest mobile phone after getting paid.
purchase (v)
reception (n)
receptionist (n)
responsibility (n)
We were asked to wait at reception.
A receptionist should be polite and well-mannered in order to give a good first impression
of the company.
responsible (adj)
It is the government’s responsibility to provide quality education for all children.
As chief executive officer, he is responsible for making major business decisions.
retailer (n)
Retailers are businesses that sell goods to the public.
retail (adj)
The retail sector suffered a hard blow during the economic recession.
retirement (n)
It is important to plan for your retirement while you are still young.
She has worked for the same company for 30 years but is retiring next month.
retire (v)
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Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
sociable (adj)
She is very sociable and outgoing.
talent (n)
He has shown considerable musical talent since he was a child.
Even talented people have to work hard in order to succeed.
talented (adj)
temporary (adj)
<permanent> (adj)
training (n)
train (v)
trap (n)
trap (v)
trend (n)
trendy (adj)
vacancy (n)
vacant (adj)
He had a temporary job at the beach during the summer holidays.
He has decided to take a permanent position with the company.
You will receive four weeks of training before starting your job.
From a young age, he trained to be a gymnast.
It was a trap designed to cheat unsuspecting youngsters looking for jobs.
She was trapped inside the building when the fire broke out.
Current trends show an increasing willingness to recycle almost anything.
This is a trendy clothes shop, full of the latest fashions.
There are many temporary vacancies in the retail sector over Christmas.
The company is expanding and thus has three vacant positions to fill.
82
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
83
Unit 4
Nature & the Environment
Planet Earth
Africa (n)
Antarctic (n)
Antarctic Ocean (n)
Antarctica (n)
Arctic (n)
Arctic Ocean (n)
Asia (n)
Atlantic Ocean (n)
Australia (n)
continent (n)
Europe (n)
Indian Ocean (n)
North America (n)
ocean (n)
Pacific Ocean (n)
South America (n)
Living creatures & the environment
aquatic life (n)
biodegradable (adj)
biodiversity (n)
carnivore (n)
eco-friendly/environmentally
friendly (adj)
ecosystem (n)
endangered species (n)
extinct (adj)
glacier (n)
grassland (n)
habitat (n)
herbivore (n)
ice sheet (n)
low-lying area (n)
next generation ( phr)
ocean current (n)
omnivore (n)
polar bear (n)
sustainable development (n)
swamp (n)
terrestrial life (n)
tropical rainforest (n)
vegetation (n)
wetland (n)
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Warm, warmer, hot …
atmosphere (n)
carbon dioxide (n)
carbon footprint (n)
chlorofluorocarbons/CFCs (n)
climate change (n)
conduction (n)
convection (n)
exhaust fume (n)
gas emission (n)
global warming (n)
greenhouse effect (n)
greenhouse gas (n)
heat island effect (n)
methane (n)
nitrous oxide (n)
ozone layer (n)
polar ice cap (n)
solar radiation (n)
thaw (v; n)
wall effect (n)
water pollution (n)
Energy
Pollution
coal (n)
depletion (n)
energy consumption (n)
energy efficiency (n)
energy shortage (n)
fossil fuel (n)
generator (n)
geothermal power (n)
hydroelectric power (n)
natural gas (n)
non-renewable resources (n)
nuclear power (n)
nuclear waste (n)
oil rig (n)
petroleum (n)
power generation (n)
power plant (n)
radioactive (adj)
renewable resources (n)
solar power (n)
turbine (n)
unleaded petrol (n)
uranium (n)
wind power (n)
shale gas (n)
air pollution (n)
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n)
(n)
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n)
chemical pollution (n)
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n)
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heat pollution (n)
land pollution (n)
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light pollution (n)
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LED light bulb (n)
(n)
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noise pollution (n)
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Environmental hazards & effects
acid rain (n)
blizzard (n)
climate hazard (n)
deforestation (n)
desalination (n)
desertification (n)
disastrous consequences (n)
drought (n)
flood (n)
forest fire (n)
heatwave (n)
hurricane (n)
plague (n)
sandstorm (n)
smog (n)
tidal wave/tsunami (n)
typhoon (n)
volcanic eruption (n)
Saving the environment
The 3Rs
Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) (n)
Air Summit (n)
beach clean-up (n)
compartmentalised waste collection bin (n)
eco-camp (n)
environmental activist (n)
environmental conservation (n)
environmental impact assessment report
(EIA report) (n)
Environmental Protection Department
(EPD) (n)
Friends of the Earth (FoE) (n)
green belt coverage (n)
Greenpeace (n)
Green Power (n)
Kyoto Protocol (n)
mandatory measure (n)
organic farming (n)
recommendation (n)
The Conservancy Association (n)
tree planting (n)
voluntary group (n)
waste reduction (n)
wind turbine/windmill (n)
World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) (n)
recycle (v)
reduce (v)
reuse (v)
86
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
alarmed (adj)
alarming (adj)
We should be alarmed by the news of melting ice caps.
Diseases can spread at an alarming rate.
awareness (n)
aware (adj)
make aware ( phr)
We need to raise our levels of environmental awareness.
May became aware that someone had stolen her money when she found her purse slit open.
Jake was made aware that he would be sent to see the head teacher if he continued to misbehave.
climate (n)
climate change (n)
climatic (adj)
Hong Kong’s climate is sub-tropical.
There are different views on the causes of climate changes.
Some scientists claim that climatic conditions in the Sahara are changing because of global
warming.
conservation (n)
conserve (v)
Conservation is important in this region as it contains the natural habitat of many pandas.
We can conserve more energy by taking public transport.
consumer (n)
Consumers should be aware of their rights and make complaints to the Consumer Council
consume (v)
energy consumption
(n)
when necessary.
At current rates of use, world oil supplies will be completely consumed in the near future.
Based on our current energy consumption rates, we will run out of natural resources within
a hundred years.
contamination (n)
contaminant (n)
contaminate (v)
contaminated (adj)
The water was polluted with contamination from a nearby sewage works.
Contaminants in the water should be identified and eliminated completely.
Polluted waste from factories upstream has contaminated drinking water of one million people.
Peter became ill after eating contaminated food.
contribution (n)
contribute (v)
Tom would like to make a contribution to saving wildlife by donating money.
Everyone should contribute something to global efforts to reduce pollution.
87
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
damage (n)
damage (v)
damaging (adj)
The damage inflicted on the environment by pollution is permanent.
The scandal damaged the factory’s reputation.
Excessive fishing has a damaging effect on our oceans’ ecosystems.
deforestation (n)
Deforestation involves cutting down or burning large areas of trees.
deforest (v)
Timber workers deforested the woodland, and this caused serious soil erosion on the
hill slopes.
deterioration (n)
The deterioration of the city’s air quality is largely blamed on vehicle exhaust emissions.
Weather conditions are deteriorating so all outdoor activities have been cancelled.
deteriorate (v)
eco-camp (n)
ecosystem (n)
eco-friendly/environmentally
friendly (adj)
emission (n)
emit (v)
endanger (v)
endangered species (n)
energy efficiency (n)
energy-saving (adj)
environment (n)
environmental protection (n)
environmental catastrophe
(n)
John would like to attend an eco-camp to learn more about nature.
Protection of our ecosystem is key to protecting endangered species.
Lessons on how to be eco-friendly are now taught in schools.
The factory was fined for its waste emissions which polluted a nearby river.
The factory is emitting clouds of smoke so thick that they completely block the sunlight.
Global warming is now endangering the future of humans.
Peter is dedicated to saving endangered species in tropical forests.
Achieving energy efficiency can help us save enormous amounts of natural resources.
The government has recently proposed a series of energy-saving policies.
This used to be a green and unspoilt environment before human settlement.
There are international laws governing environmental protection.
To avoid a major environmental catastrophe, we must act now and deal with global
warming head-on.
88
Vocabulary
exploit (v)
Definition
Model sentence
exploitation (n)
Humans have been exploiting the world’s natural resources for hundreds of years.
We need to identify renewable energy whose exploitation will allow us to move away from
our reliance on oil.
extinction (n)
extinct (adj)
As time moves on more rare animals face extinction.
The dodo was a bird which is now extinct.
fuel (n)
fuel up ( phr v)
<alternative fuel> (n)
The price of fuel has increased in recent years.
My car needs to be fuelled up before I drive to work tomorrow.
Alternative fuels such as solar power could help solve potential energy shortages.
greenhouse effect (n)
The greenhouse effect is felt in all aspects of our lives.
habitat (n)
habitation (n)
habitable (adj)
After the earthquake, many pandas’ natural habitat was destroyed.
The experts are now deciding whether this land is fit for human habitation after the toxic spill.
Now we know that this forest is habitable, the tigers can be released here.
industrialised country (n)
Industrialised countries are said to be responsible for most of the world’s pollution.
nuclear power (n)
Many countries now use nuclear power to generate electricity.
pollution (n)
pollutant (n)
pollute (v)
polluted (adj)
Pollution is a major problem for governments all over the world.
Tracking the sources of pollutants is one way of tackling pollution.
Plastic bags pollute the environment.
The water in this river is polluted.
power generation (n)
power plant (n)
Wind and solar power are both environmentally friendly means of power generation.
Traditionally, power plants have used coal to generate electricity.
89
Vocabulary
preservation (n)
Definition
Model sentence
preserve (v)
The preservation of country parks has become a priority for the government.
We should preserve our oceans and forests for future generations to enjoy.
recycling (n)
Recycling is an issue that should be discussed more because of its obvious benefits to the
recycle (v)
recycling bin (n)
recyclable (adj)
risk (n)
risk (v)
risky (adj)
sustainability (n)
sustain (v)
sustainable
development (n)
environment.
It is very important for us to recycle paper to preserve our forests.
Recycling bins of different colours represent the different materials that can be recycled using
them.
Most of our daily waste is recyclable.
Many environmentalists take risks like climbing buildings to draw attention to environmental
problems.
Ignoring the problem of pollution is risking the health of innocent people.
Investing in stocks can be risky.
The power plant proposal with the best ideas for sustainability will win.
We need to encourage habitats that can sustain their own ecosystems.
The sustainable development of the planet is the topic of our debate.
sustainable (adj)
The government needs to promote sustainable environmental policies.
threat (n)
Widespread poverty can pose a threat to the stability of a country.
Global warming is threatening the lives of millions of people.
Threatening levels of pollution are causing concern for people with respiratory problems.
threaten (v)
threatening (adj)
toxic (adj)
toxic waste (n)
Villagers protested when they found that the river was toxic after contaminated waste was
dumped in it.
Toxic waste must be handled with great care as it can be very dangerous.
90
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
vegetation (n)
There is plenty of thick, healthy vegetation in Hong Kong’s country parks.
vegetated (adj)
That part of the hill was densely vegetated before the hill fire.
waste (n)
It is such a waste if you only use one side of a piece of paper and don’t recycle it.
I only switch lights on when necessary as I don’t want to waste electricity.
Waste disposal should be handled properly so that different types of waste can be sorted
and recycled.
Mary avoids being wasteful by recycling as much as she can.
waste (v)
waste disposal (n)
wasteful (adj)
weather (n)
extreme weather (n)
The weather in Hong Kong is generally stable and predictable compared to the rest of the region.
Global warming leads to extreme weather, such as unusually strong hurricanes, increases
in rainfall and changing temperatures.
91
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
92
Unit 5
Consumers, patrons & clients
client (n)
company’s image (n)
company’s prospects ( phr)
complaint (n)
consumer (n)
opinion (n)
patron (n)
product line (n)
review (n)
target audience (n)
The business of advertising
animation (n)
appeal (v)
atmosphere (n)
audio/visual elements (n)
background music (n)
case study (n)
catchy (adj)
celebrity spokesperson (n)
claim (v)
&
colloquial language (n)
<street language> (n)
comparison (n)
convey (v)
credibility (n)
design (v)
distribute (v)
endorse (v)
exaggerate (v)
figure (n)
grab someone’s attention
( phr)
graphics (n)
headline (n)
highlight (n)
hype (v; n)
icon (n)
illustrate (v)
imperatives (n)
innovative (adj)
jingle (n)
marketing strategy (n)
motto (n)
objective (n)
93
persuade (v)
persuasive (adj)
pitch (v)
point of view (n)
poll (n)
professional (n)
proposal (n)
rationale (n)
respondent (n)
rhetorical question (n)
slogan (n)
spokesperson (n)
statistics (n)
story appeal (n)
storyboard (n)
survey (n)
tactics (n)
teaser (n)
testify (v)
testimonial (n)
trustworthy (adj)
viral marketing (n)
Products, services, etc.
benefit (n)
brand (n)
circulation (n)
drawback (n)
feature (n)
logo (n)
merchandise (n)
patent (n)
plagiarise (v)
product image (n)
profit (n)
profitability (n)
rating (n)
sale (n)
sales figures (n)
selling point (n)
specifications (n)
sponsor (n)
trademark (n)
Media
advertising campaign (n)
advertising kiosk (n)
angle (n)
broadcast (n)
brochure/booklet (n)
caption (n)
concert (n)
covert advertising (n)
All about work
exhibition (n)
flyer (n)
forum (n)
infomercial (n)
launch (v)
leaflet (n)
magazine (n)
network coverage (n)
newspaper (n)
poster (n)
press conference (n)
prime time (n)
print advertisement (n)
radio commercial (n)
stream (v)
the Internet (n)
TV commercial (n)
window display (n)
word of mouth (n)
94
account executive/
manager (n)
actor/actress (n)
advertising agency (n)
apprentice (n)
art director (n)
cameraman (n)
clapperboard (n)
copywriter (n)
director (n)
human resources (n)
marketing executive/
manager (n)
professional training (n)
public relations (n)
salesperson (n)
social media specialist (n)
technical staff (n)
vocational training (n)
Persuading
catchy (adj)
celebrated (adj)
dazzle (v)
effective (adj)
efficient (adj)
electrifying (adj)
elegant (adj)
enthusiastic (adj)
essential (adj)
fabulous (adj)
free of charge ( phr)
gorgeous (adj)
healthy image ( phr)
hip (adj)
mass appeal (n)
miracle product (n)
original (adj)
plump (adj)
popular (adj)
pre-eminent (adj)
slender (adj)
stunning (adj)
stylish (adj)
trendy (adj)
unique (adj)
vibrant (adj)
world-famous (adj)
95
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
bargain (n)
bargain (v)
bargaining power (n)
billboard (n)
mobile billboard (n)
brand identity (n)
brand name (n)
brand recognition (n)
client (n)
clientele (n)
client oriented (adj)
commercial (n)
commercial (adj)
commercialisation (n)
company (n)
Definition
Model sentence
The mobile phone was a real bargain – it was reduced in price by 50%!
My mother bargained with the sales staff to get a lower price.
Small businesses do not have the same bargaining power as big businesses.
Placing an advertisement on a billboard can be costly.
Using a mobile billboard on the back of a lorry can allow an advertisement to be moved from one
location to another.
A successful company has usually built up a strong brand identity.
A company’s brand name should be simple, so people can easily remember it.
Brand recognition is important as manufacturers want people to know and trust their products so
they will buy them again and again.
A salesperson needs to be polite to his/her clients.
The company’s relaunched products should attract a new clientele.
This company has adopted client oriented policies.
We were just laughing at the funny commercial on TV for washing powder.
His new book was criticised as being too commercial and unrealistic.
The commercialisation of pop stars turns them into products and their charm soon disappears.
company’s prospects ( phr)
The chairperson of a company is responsible for the way the company is run and the profits it makes.
The recent scandal has damaged his company’s image.
The shareholders are very optimistic about the company’s prospects.
consumer (n)
Consumers should be attentive when shopping online to avoid being deceived.
consumer rights (n)
Buyers should know their consumer rights to avoid being cheated by unethical businesses.
company’s image (n)
96
Vocabulary
desire (v)
desirable (adj)
discount (n)
discount (v)
be discounted (v)
distribution (n)
distributor (n)
distribute (v)
effect (n)
effectiveness (n)
effective (adj)
fashion (n)
fashion (v)
fashionable (adj)
impression (n)
impress (v)
impressive (adj)
lavishness (n)
lavish (v)
lavish (adj)
Definition
Model sentence
Most people desire a stable lifestyle without any nasty surprises.
Being considerate towards others is a desirable trait.
Since I know the owner of this shop, I am able to get a discount on anything I want.
The clothes shop will discount its winter collection by 30% next week.
All the drinks in this café are discounted by 20% to celebrate New Year’s Eve.
The distribution of products to shops is an important part of the retail process.
My father is a distributor of laptop computers, so he knows a lot about the technology industry.
Her mother is distributing Christmas presents at the retirement home.
The effect of falling clothes sales was offset by increased sales in cosmetics and furniture.
The effectiveness of this machine can be measured by the time saved to complete the job.
Punishments are an effective way of preventing people from committing crimes.
Paula never follows fashion as she has her own sense of style.
Anne plans to fashion her small eatery into a notable restaurant.
Many people spend a lot of money on looking fashionable.
He left a strong impression on us because of his sense of humour.
All the candidates were determined to impress the interviewers.
This company has impressive offices in Central.
Tom’s lifestyle borders on lavishness which he struggles to afford, meaning he is often in debt.
We should not lavish too many toys on children, otherwise they may become spoilt.
Peter and May are holding a lavish wedding this weekend, which will cost a lot of money.
97
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
luxury (n)
luxury goods ( phr)
luxurious (adj)
Born into a wealthy family, Tom has lived his life in luxury.
Only a small percentage of the population can afford luxury goods.
The airline has launched a luxurious service from Hong Kong to London where first class passengers
have their own rooms.
manufacture (v)
manufacturer (n)
Traditional products are manufactured using machinery.
Manufacturers are companies who make products in a factory.
market (n)
marketing (n)
The chairperson thinks there is a large and untapped market for the company’s new products.
My cousin is studying marketing at university.
marketplace (n)
market (v)
We have to maintain our share in the marketplace or else we will be overtaken by our competitors.
This shop markets the latest mobile phone models effectively.
materialism (n)
materialistic (adj)
Materialism is very common these days, with wealth being considered the most important thing in life.
We should avoid being too materialistic and instead spare a thought for less well-off people.
merchandise (n)
This shop only sells Japanese merchandise.
necessity (n)
necessary (adj)
May is very cautious with her money and only buys what she considers to be necessities.
Having a good education is necessary for one to be employable in the modern business world.
persuasion (n)
persuade (v)
persuasive (adj)
A good leader knows when to use persuasion to get people to do what they want.
Many parents were persuaded to buy this educational game to help with their children’s language
development.
Tom’s persuasive arguments had everyone agreeing with him by the end of the meeting.
possession (n)
possess (v)
possessive (adj)
The possession of wealth does not guarantee happiness.
Of the many things Mary would like to possess, a new bicycle is at the top of her list.
He is very possessive of his car, and does not allow anyone else to drive it.
98
Vocabulary
price (n)
price (v)
priceless (adj)
product (n)
production (n)
produce (v)
profit (n)
profitability (n)
profitable (adj)
profit-driven (adj)
promotion (n)
promote (v)
promotional (adj)
purchase (n)
purchase (v)
purchaser (n)
purchasing power (n)
sale (n)
salesperson (n)
sell (v)
Definition
Model sentence
The price of this watch is too high.
We need to price the computers strategically to maximise sales.
The priceless diamond discovered in South Africa is worth millions of dollars.
The board held a price review of company products.
A lot of money has been invested in the production of energy-saving cars.
My company produces top quality silk dresses.
Due to a drop in profits, the company has had to close down.
The profitability of this proposal will determine whether it is adopted or not.
Investors are not interested in this new industry because they don’t think it is profitable.
This is a profit-driven company that needs to sell multiple products to stay in business.
There will be a Mid-Autumn Festival promotion next week at the new restaurant.
The marketing team was assigned to promote toys to children aged five to ten years old.
The promotional sale will last for two weeks.
The purchase of the house was a mistake as its value has since dropped drastically.
I purchase all my vegetables from the wet market.
The purchaser of this house is rich and already owns several other properties.
The purchasing power of the dollar is declining as prices go up.
My sister only shops for clothes that are on sale, because they are less expensive.
A good salesperson needs to persuade customers to buy their products.
selling point (n)
My husband works for an insurance company and he sells insurance for a living.
This building has many selling points, including its own private car park.
slogan (n)
The slogan for this campaign is simply, ‘Vote for a better tomorrow.’
99
Vocabulary
sponsor (n)
sponsor (v)
sponsorship (n)
sponsored (adj)
strategy (n)
strategic (adj)
tactic (n)
tactical (adj)
target (n)
target (v)
trend (n)
trendsetter (n)
trendy (adj)
Definition
Model sentence
Our company is the sponsor of a new football team.
My wealthy aunt has agreed to sponsor my trip to India with all expenses paid!
I receive financial sponsorship from the university so that I can study here.
The event was sponsored by a bank and a large sum of money was raised for charity.
You need a good sales strategy to compete in today’s competitive market.
They adopted a new strategic policy to gain a greater market share than their competitors.
You need to use clever tactics to be successful in marketing.
The sales team has a tactical advantage over their competitors.
Joe has set himself the target of finishing top of his class this year.
At the meeting, the board of directors targeted sales techniques as an area for improvement.
As a designer, Roy pays special attention to the latest trends in the fashion world.
Kate, a famous singer, is also a trendsetter, and many teenagers copy her style.
Wearing colourful hats is considered trendy this season.
100
Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
101
Unit 6
Technology
Basics
account (n)
advocate (n)
download (v)
humour (n)
hyperlink (n)
mass media (n)
multitasking (n)
network (n)
open-source software
(n)
password (n)
platform (n)
short message service/
SMS (n)
showcase (v)
the Internet (n)
thought-provoking (adj)
upload (v)
username (n)
virtual reality (n)
virtual world (n)
wi-fi (n)
wireless local area
network/WLAN (n)
phishing for personal
information ( phr)
piracy (n)
privacy (n)
secure server ( phr)
spam (v)
spam/junk mail (n)
spyware (n)
Trojan horse (n)
unauthorised material ( phr)
worm (n)
Internet security
anonymous (adj)
anti-virus software (n)
authenticate (v)
BitTorrent/BT (n)
computer virus (n)
cyber-jacking (n)
cyber terrorism (n)
cyber vandalism (n)
ethics (n)
etiquette (n)
firewall (n)
Popular websites
blogs (n)
• Blogspot.com
• Wordpress.com
hack (v)
hacker (n)
identity theft (n)
illegal downloading (n)
immoral (adj)
obscene (adj)
102
email services (n)
• Gmail
• Outlook
• Yahoo! Mail
forums (n)
• Discuss.com.hk
• Uwants.com
online encyclopaedias (n)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Britannica.com
• Wikipedia.org
search engines (n)
• Bing.com
• Google.com
• Yahoo.com
• travel and events
social networking sites (n)
high definition/HD (n)
hits (n)
inappropriate/improper
content ( phr)
online broadcast (n)
popularity (n)
subscribe (v)
video clip (n)
video editing software
video on demand/
VOD (n)
video sharing (n)
viewer (n)
voyeurism (n)
• Facebook.com
• Twitter.com
video sharing sites (n)
• Vimeo.com
• YouTube.com
Video sharing
fame (n)
film-maker (n)
genre (n)
•
•
•
•
cars and vehicles
cookery
comedy
Do It Yourself (DIY)
• education
• entertainment
• film and animation
gaming
music
news and politics
personal blogs
pets and animals
science and technology
sport
•
•
•
•
DIY
•
•
•
103
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Blogs
blog/weblog (n)
blogger (n)
post (n)
post (v)
traffic (n)
video log/vlog (n)
Forums
administrator (n)
reply (n)
webmaster (n)
Common abbreviations in online
chatting/gaming
afaik (as far as I know)
afk (away from keyboard)
asap (as soon as possible)
b4 (before)
brb (be right back)
btw (by the way)
cu/cya/88 (see you/goodbye)
fd/frd (friend)
fyi (for your information)
gg (good game)
gtg (got to go)
iirc (if I remember correctly)
IM (instant messenger)
jk (just kidding)
lol (laugh out loud)
noob (newbie)
omg (oh my god/goodness)
op (original poster)
•
•
•
•
• dot per inch (dpi)
• pixels
•
•
typing speed (n)
• words per minute (wpm)
•
Other devices/services that utilise IT
bluetooth (n)
computer operating systems/
OS (n)
someone)
rofl (rolling on floor laughing)
rpg (role playing game)
sry (sorry)
thx (thanks)
ttyl (talk to you later)
ytd (yesterday)
•
•
•
•
•
Chrome OS
Linux
OS X Yosemite/Mavericks
Ubuntu
Windows 8/7/Vista/XP
digital camera (n)
instant messengers (n)
Measuring units in computer
file size (n)
• byte/B (= 8 bits)
•
•
•
•
image size (resolution) (n)
pwn/own someone (dominate
• bit (binary digit)
kilobyte/KB (=1024 B)
megabyte/MB (= 1024 KB)
gigabyte/GB (=1024 MB)
terabyte/TB (=1024 GB)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Line
Skype
Viber
WeChat
WhatsApp
interactive television (n)
media players (n)
• iTunes
• QuickTime
• RealPlayer
• Windows Media
Player
mobile operating
systems (n)
•
•
•
•
•
Android
Blackberry
Firefox OS
iOS
Windows Phone
mobile phone (n)
podcast (n)
smartphone (n)
videophone (n)
web browsers (n)
•
•
•
•
•
Google Chrome
Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
Opera
Safari
webcam (n)
104
Useful Words & Phrases
Vocabulary
access (n)
access (v)
accessible (adj)
advancement (n)
advance (v)
advanced (adj)
authentication (n)
authenticate (v)
authentic (adj)
automate (v)
automatic (adj)
automatically (adv)
blog (n)
blog (v)
blogger (n)
browser (n)
browse (v)
connection (n)
connect (v)
Definition
Model sentence
The Internet provides people with access to enormous amounts of information.
Peter could not access his company computer because he had forgotten his password.
Your confidential files should not be accessible to the public.
The advancement of technology in the last decade has been remarkable.
The new IT project is advancing well.
Our computer technology is very advanced compared to other countries.
I would like authentication from the company proving that the software is not pirated.
The serial number authenticates the software, and proves that it is genuine.
This DVD is authentic as it has the maker’s official label on it.
The manager decided to automate the production process to cut labour costs.
The doors are automatic.
This computer switches off automatically after an hour of inactivity.
These days many teenagers have a blog about themselves.
Peter likes to blog on a website so people can get to know him better.
Lots of people visit well-known bloggers’ sites every day to keep up with current affairs
or personal developments.
A web browser enables people to access the Internet.
Browsing the Internet is a popular pastime for many people.
My Internet connection is being set up tomorrow.
The Internet connects us with people from all over the world.
105
Vocabulary
cyber terrorism (n)
cyber bullying (n)
data (n)
database (n)
data transfer (n)
digital art (n)
digital age (n)
digital camera (n)
display (n)
display (v)
download (v)
Definition
Model sentence
Cyber terrorism has been used by many terrorist groups to co-ordinate terrorist attacks online.
Widespread use of the Internet has resulted in an increase in cyber bullying among teenagers
using social networking sites.
Important data was lost when the computer system crashed.
We need to search our databases to see if we have the information you need.
Do not turn off the computer while the data transfer is being processed.
Because David is very talented at digital art, a top computer company wants to hire him.
In today’s digital age, children start using computers as soon as they start school.
Digital cameras store images digitally.
There is a display of new computer models in the shop window.
The company’s privacy policy is displayed on its website.
<upload> (v)
Peter has put photographs on his website for his friends to download.
The police arrested Tom for the illegal downloading of films from the Internet.
Many people upload their videos to sites like YouTube so they can share them with others.
error (n)
In today’s business world, there is little room for error.
ethics (n)
Ethics are important, as they influence our moral behaviour.
ethical (adj)
It is not ethical to steal ideas from others and pretend they are your own.
ethically (adv)
Employees are expected to behave ethically at all times.
function (n)
My new watch has many functions, such as playing music and measuring heart rate.
My new computer is functioning well.
This mobile phone is functional and practical.
illegal downloading (n)
function (v)
functional (adj)
106
Vocabulary
hacker (n)
hack (v)
identity (n)
identity theft (n)
information (n)
informative (adj)
interaction (n)
interact (v)
interactive (adj)
interactive tool (n)
message (n)
message (v)
instant messaging (n)
network (n)
network (v)
social network (n)
Definition
Model sentence
A hacker accessed the government’s computer system and downloaded confidential
information.
Someone hacked into Amy’s computer yesterday.
Each person has their own distinctive identity, which distinguishes them from everyone else.
Identity theft is common on the Internet as hackers steal personal information from people’s
computers.
We can find all the information we need on the Internet.
The talk at the university was very informative, and we learned a lot about university life.
Real-time interaction is an advantage of online chatrooms.
It is easy for us to interact with all kinds of people on the Internet.
Many students enjoy interactive lessons as they can participate more and contribute ideas.
Online chatrooms are interactive tools, as they allow users to engage in conversation with
different people at the same time.
I have left a message for Flora to let her know that I will be late for the meeting as I have a
doctor’s appointment.
Tom will message me as soon as he arrives in Japan.
Instant messaging apps like WhatsApp are very popular among teenagers.
His company has a very advanced computer network that links up all the computers in the
regional offices.
It is important to network in order to meet more people.
Sue’s social network includes many different people, ranging from politicians to primary
school teachers.
107
Vocabulary
Definition
Model sentence
online game (n)
Online games are a very popular form of entertainment.
online community (n)
Internet users usually belong to online communities with whom they regularly communicate.
Nowadays, most retailers have websites for online sales.
online sales (n)
piracy (n)
pirate (v)
pirated (adj)
post (n)
post (v)
privacy (n)
private (adj)
program (n)
program (v)
programmer (n)
registration (n)
The government is actively trying to stamp out the piracy of DVDs.
When people pirate products, they make illegal copies of brand name goods.
I have just discovered that most of the CDs I bought overseas are pirated.
Many people leave comments in response to forum posts.
I will post the news on the web once I get home.
It is important for Internet users to protect their privacy by not sharing personal information with
others online.
Mary regards all the letters she receives as private and never lets anyone read them.
These computer programs are very user-friendly.
My brother programs different kinds of computers.
A computer programmer develops new computer programs and software.
register (v)
We need to complete the registration process before we can use this email service.
We need to register for the event if we would like to attend.
spam (n)
Spam is unsolicited email often sent to many people at the same time.
storage (n)
Before buying a USB flash drive, check its storage capacity.
My new USB flash drive stores four times more data than my old one did.
store (v)
subscription (n)
subscribe (v)
subscriber (n)
The subscription for this magazine is less if you order it from a shop.
I subscribe to a daily newspaper so I can keep up-to-date with what is happening around the world.
I am a loyal subscriber of this magazine and have been reading it for many years.
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Vocabulary
technology (n)
technological (adj)
high-tech/hi-tech (n)
video (n)
video clip (n)
video sharing (n)
virtual reality (n)
virtual world (n)
webmaster (n)
Definition
Model sentence
Technology is changing at a rapid pace.
People working with computers need to keep up-to-date with technological changes.
Hi-tech industries manufacturing laptop computers use advanced techniques to manufacture
their products.
Each guest will receive a copy of the couple’s wedding video.
I have already submitted a video clip to the organisers of the short-film competition.
Video sharing sites such as YouTube allow people to upload their videos for others to view.
Most computer games take place in virtual reality created by computer software.
Many experts worry that teenagers spend too much time in online virtual worlds and are
becoming out of touch with reality.
The webmaster of a website is the person who knows most about a site and is responsible
for its upkeep.
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Use this space to make notes of any
other words and phrases you have learned or
come across in the unit. Check the dictionary for the
meanings, parts of speech, pronunciation, etc.
and record the information on this page.
My Vocabulary Log Book
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