who
where
REL ATIVE
CL AUSES
whose
which
UNIT 8: BRAIN DRAIN
By Mohamed Lahbib KATHI
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
‫األسماء الموصولة‬
This is the bank. It was robbed yesterday.
This is the bank which / that was robbed yesterday.
Combine
Do we
When
do
Are
the
the
two
know
we
use the
two
sentences
anything
pronoun
sentences
using
about the
« it »
related?
another
bank?
pronoun.
it: It’s used to talk about things & animals.
which / that
This is the girl. She called the police.
This is the girl who / that called the police.
Combine
Do we
Are
the two
the
When
do
know
sentences
two the
we
use
anything
sentences
using
pronoun
about the
another
related?
« she »
girl?
pronoun.
she: It’s used to talk about a person.
who / that
This is the police station. She reported the theft there.
This is the police station where she reported the theft.
Combine
Do we
Are
the
When
do
the two
know
two the
we
use
sentences
anything
sentences
adverb
using
about the
related?
«another
there »
p. station?
pronoun.
there:
where
It’s used to talk about a place.
The girl is phoning home. Her car is in the garage.
The girl whose car is in the garage is phoning home.
Combine
Do we
When
do
Are
the
the two
know
we
use the
two
sentences
anything
pronoun
sentences
using
about the
« her »
related?
another
girl?
pronoun.
her: It’s used to talk about possession.
whose
Sunday is the day. The museum is closed at that time.
Sunday is the day when the museum is closed.
Combine
Do we
Are
the
When
do
the
two
know
two
we
use
sentences
anything
sentences
« using
at that
about the
related?
time »
another
day?
pronoun.
at that time:
when
It’s used to talk about time.
The man works in the post office. You talked to him.
The man who / whom you talked to works in the post office.
Combine
Do we
When
do
Are
the
the
two
know
we
use
two the
sentences
anything
pronoun
sentences
using
about the
« him »
related?
another
man?
pronoun.
him:
an object pronoun that is used to talk about a
who / whom
person.
whom
RELATIVE CLAUSES
WHAT IS A CLAUSE?
• A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and
a verb.
• You can put two or more sentences together using a
relative pronoun to get a relative clause.
WHY IS IT CALLED A RELATIVE CLAUSE?
• Because one clause is related to the other.
• The relative clause has a word or a phrase that is related
to the main sentence / clause.
the relative clause
the main clause
Example I got tickets to see Adel, who sings like an angel.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining /
Restrictive Clauses
Children who eat vegetables
are likely to be healthy.
1.Are
Does
the
givetousbe
all children
likely
It gives
usclause
important
important
information?
healthy?
information.
2. Are
commas(,)
(,)are
used?
No commas
used.
Non-defining / Nonrestrictive Clauses
Mariam Amjoun, who won
the 2018 Arab Reading
Challenge in Dubai, is a
nine-year-old girl.
1.
1. The
Doesclause
the clause
doesn’t
give
give
us us
Do we know the girl?
important
important information.
information?
2.
2. Commas
Are commas
(,) are
(,) used.
used?
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining /
Restrictive Clauses
« that » can
never be
used.
Non-defining / Nonrestrictive Clauses
Pronouns
Pronouns
a person
a thing
a place
possession
time
who / whom
/ that / Ο
which / that / Ο
a person
who / whom
a thing
which
where
whose
a place
where
when
possession
time
whose
when
EXAMPLES
Defining / Restrictive Clauses
1. The man who / that lives next door is very friendly.
2. The man who / that / whom / Ο I wanted to see was away on holiday.
3. I don’t like the stories which / that have unhappy endings.
4. I like the dress which / that / Ο Ann is wearing.
Non-defining / Non-restrictive Clauses
1. John's mother, who lives in Scotland, has 6 grandchildren.
2. I've just come back from Agadir, where Bouchaaib lives.
3. Yesterday I met a woman named Susan, whose husband works in
London.
IS IT A RESTRICTIVE OR NON-RESTRICTIVE
RELATIVE CLAUSE?
R.C 1. The student who sits in the back of the room
asks a lot of questions.
R.C 2. The astronaut who first stepped on the moon
was Neil Armstrong.
N.C 3. Oliver Twist, which was Dickens’s second novel,
is a classic.
R.C 4. Ann’s sister who is a tennis champion visited her
last weekend.
N.C 5. Ann’s sister, who is a tennis champion, visited
her last weekend.
RELATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1. I recently went back to the town. I was born there. (where)
………………………………………………………………………………
2. We had a fish for dinner. It was very delicious. (which)
………………………………………………………………………………
3. I met a girl last week. I didn’t like her. (whom)
………………………………………………………………………………
4. They are the couple. Their luggage disappeared. (whose)
………………………………………………………………………………
5. My grandma came from Ifran. She is dead now. (who)
………………………………………………………………………………