BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY Project
“drug”
JAWHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
TARBHA, SONEPUR (O)
“CERTIFICATION”
This is to certify that the project was done by BENOOGOPAL
MAHAKUR student of class 12th in partial fulfilment of the Biology
examination 2022-23 certify that this project is done by his own
efforts and with guidance and supervision of the teacher.
I approve the project for submission as required for the partial
fulfilment of the higher secondary school certificate.
PROJECT GUIDE:
CHINMAYEE NAYAK
(PGT Biology)
PRINCIPAL
JNV Sonepur
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this project and
express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide Miss.
Chinmayee Nayak for her exemplary guidance, monitoring and
constant encouragement throughout this project. I would like to thank
the people who helped me directly or indirectly to project.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to Mr. Jairam Naik,
principal JNV Sonepur, for their valuable encouragement and
approval of the project work.
Lastly, I thank The Almighty, my parents and friends for their
constant encouragement.
BENOOGOPAL MAHAKUR
Class- 12th PCMB
INDEX:
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INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF DRUGS
DRUG ADDICTION
PHYSICAL WARNING OF DRUG ABUSE
DRUG WIDRRAL SYMPTOMS
MEDICAL USE OF DRUGS
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Drugs are prescribed by physicians for the prevention
or treatment of diseases, or for increasing the physical
and mental performance and are withdrawn as soon as
the desired effect is achieved. Repeated use of certain
drugs on a periodic or continuous basis may make the
body dependence. Such drugs are called psychotropic
drugs. They act on the brain and alter behaviour,
consciousness and capacity of perception. Hence they
are also termed mood-altering drugs.
TYPES OF DRUGS
There are mainly 4 types of drugs, which are mostly used:
A substance which is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Opiods
are like opiates, such as morphine and codeine, but are not made
from opium. Opiods bind to opidds receptor in the nervous system.
Opiodis used to called narcotics.
Stimulants are a class of drug that speed up messages travelling
between the brain and the body. They can make a personal feel
more awake, alert, confident or energetic. Stimulants include
caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines and cocaine.
Stimulants (also often referred to pshychostimulants or colloquially
as upper) are an overarching term that covers many drugs including
those that increase the activity of central nervous system and the
body.
Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants are medicines that
include sedatives, tranquilizers and hypnotics. These drugs can also
slow brain activity, making them useful for treating anxiety, panic,
acute stress reactions and sleep disorder.
It is widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines and
as illicit substances. Most widely used depressant in the world is
alcohol. Although alcohol is legal, it is not that much harmless.
People can experience hallucinations when they are high on illegal
drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, LSD or ecstasy. They can also
occur during withdrawal from alcohol or drugs if you suddenly stop
taking them. Drug induced hallucinations are usually visual, but they
may affect other senses.
Most used hallucination drug id Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It
is an illegal street drug which comes as white powder or colourless
liquid.
Bibliography
Parts of the project have been referred from foreign sources.
~ NCERT Book
www.wikipedia.com
www.who.com
www.google.com
DRUG ADDICTION
Drug addiction, also called substance use disorder, is a
disease that affects a person’s brain and behaviour and
leads to an inability to control the use of legal or illegal
drug or medicine. Substances such as alcohol,
marijuana and nicotine also are considered drug.
Some causes of addiction:
~Many individual who suffer from addiction have suffer from
TRAUMA.
~ Those experience mental illnesses will also develop these
addictions and these undergo MENTAL HEALTH.
~ About
5of your risk for drug or alcohol addiction comes from your
GENETIC MAKEUP.
DRUG WIDRRAL SYMPTOMS
A rehabilitation process, within the context of
workplace safety, is a series of specific measures
taken to assist a disabled (or previously injured)
person to reach their full potential of functioning
in their particular environment. It is aimed at
enabling disabled people and their families and is
critical for them to adapt and interact in
their vocational, educational, and social
environments. A rehabilitation process can be
initiated at the time of disability and continue
through to sustaining the patient's range of
function. The five stages of addiction recovery are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action
and maintenance.
PHYSICAL WANING OF DRUG ABUSE
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Bloodshot eyes, pupils larger or smaller than usual.
Changes in appetite, sleep patterns, physical
appearance.
Unusual smells on breath, body, or clothing, or
Impaired coordination.
Unexplained change in personality or attitude.
Sudden mood swings, irritability, spaced-out, or
angry outbursts.
Appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid, with no
reason.
Sudden weight loss or weight gain.
Tremors, slurred speech, or impaired coordination.
MEDICAL USE OF DRUGS
Medicines are chemicals or compounds used to cure,
halt, or prevent disease; ease symptoms; or help in the
diagnosis of illnesses. Advances in medicines have
enabled doctors to cure many diseases and save lives.
These days, medicines come from a variety of sources.
Commonly Used Drugs Charts
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Alcohol.
Ayahuasca.
Cannabis (Marijuana/Pot/Weed)
Central Nervous System Depressants
(Benzos)
Cocaine (Coke/Crack)
GHB.
Hallucinogens.
Heroin.
CONCLUSION
Drug dependence is a medical disorder, not a lack
of willpower or strength of character. Drug
dependence and mental illnesses often affect the
same individuals. Therefore, it would be useful to
integrate research, assessments, and treatments
for both types of disorders. Addiction is an
involuntary process. It may not be fair to associate
a person's addictive behaviour with his moral
standards or character. The brain response to an
addict changes in such a way that he continues to
live with the bad habits and addictions in spite of
understanding its dangerous implications. Drug
abuse or substance abuse refers to the use of
certain chemicals for the purpose of creating
pleasurable effects on the brain. There are over
190 million drug users around the world and the
problem has been increasing at alarming rates,
especially among young adults under the age of
30.