By :- Yakin patel
In the process of immune response to antigens and
infectious agents, cytokines are the main factors
involved in the communication between T cells,
macrophages and other immune cells. Recently, some
studies on human and mouse T helper (Th) clones have
provided sufficient evidence that there are various
activities of Th cells (named Th1 and Th2 respectively),
which is obviously inferred from the secretion of
cytokines of. Th1 type immune response is usually
related to the production of IgG2a and the
development of cellular immunity, while Th2 type
response is related to the production of IgE,
eosinophils and mast cells. This review focuses on the
production of macrophages (especially interferon (IFN),
TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12) or T cells (IFN, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10,
IL) The role of various cytokines. 13 and TGF-β are
produced in the interaction between macrophages and
T cells and the importance of cytokines to the type of
immune response (Th1 or Th2) in Th cell
differentiation. Alanine (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α) promotes
the activation of macrophages, while Th2 cytokines (IL4, IL-10, IL-13) show inhibition related to macrophage
function active. The Th1-like response has now been
attributed to IL-12, which is a recently described
cytokine mainly produced by macrophages. IFN-γ can
increase its production, while IL-10 and IL-4 can inhibit
its production. All of these emphasize the importance
of macrophages. The interaction of cytokines
determines the nature of the immune response. This
article also aims to review the latest evidence on the
role of IFNα/β (type I) and IFN-γ (type II) in regulating
immune responses. Little is known about the role of
IFN-γ (also known as "immune IFN") in regulating the
immune response.These cytokines were originally
described as simple antiviral substances and are now
considered to be important regulators of the immune
response. Recent evidence indicates that these
molecules (especially IFN-α) specifically differentiate
into Th1-like responses. The α-α that produces Th1
type response may be related to its therapeutic effect
on several human diseases including early AIDS,
eosinophilia and certain tumors.