Structure and Function of the Body
16th Edition Patton Test Bank
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Chapter 01: IntroduSctutviiao.cnomto- TthheeMB
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The word derived from two word parts that mean “cutting apart” is
a. physiology
b. homeostasis
c. anatomy
d. dissection
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 3
2. The study of how the body functions is called
a. physiology
b. homeostasis
c. anatomy
d. dissection
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 3
3. The correct sequence of the level of organization is
a. cellular, chemical, tissue, organ
b. chemical, cellular, tissue, organ
c. chemical, cellular, organ, tissue
d. chemical, tissue, cellular, organ
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: p. 5
4. The smallest living unit of structure is considered to be at the
a. chemical level
b. cellular level
c. organ level
d. tissue level
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural levels of organization
5. The reference position for all body directional terms is the
a. anatomical position
b. prone position
PRIMEXAM.COM
REF: p. 6
c. supine position
d. sitting position
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical position
REF: pp. 6-7
6. The relationship between the knee and the ankle can be described as
a.
b.
c.
d.
the knee is inferior to the ankle
the knee is distal to the ankle
the knee is proximal to the ankle
both a and b above
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: pp. 7-8
OBJ: 5
7. The relationship between the heart and the lungs can be described as
a. the heart is distal to the lungs
b. the heart is medial to the lungs
c. the heart is lateral to the lungs
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
8. The term most opposite proximal is
a. medial
b. superior
c. anterior
d. distal
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
9. Because humans walk in an upright position, the two terms that can be used interchangeably
are
a.
b.
c.
d.
posterior and ventral
posterior and inferior
posterior and superficial
posterior and dorsal
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
10. The term most opposite medial is
a. dorsal
b. lateral
c. superficial
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
11. The relationship between the skin and the muscles can be described as
a. the skin is superficial to the muscle
b. the muscle is superficial to the skin
c. the muscle is deep to the skin
PRIMEXAM.COM
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
12. A cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is called a
a. sagittal section
b. frontal section
c. transverse section
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: p. 9
13. A cut dividing the body into upper and lower portions is called a
a. sagittal section
b. frontal section
c. transverse section
d. coronal section
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: p. 9
14. A cut dividing the body into right and left portions is called a
a. sagittal section
b. frontal section
c. transverse section
d. coronal section
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: pp. 8-9
15. The mediastinum is part of the
a. dorsal cavity
b. ventral cavity
c. abdominal cavity
d. both b and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
16. The two major cavities of the body are the
a. dorsal and ventral
b. thoracic and abdominal
c. pleural and mediastinum
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
17. The diaphragm divides the
a. dorsal from the ventral cavity
b. abdominal from the pelvic cavity
c. thoracic from the abdominal cavity
d. pleural from the mediastinum
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
PRIMEXAM.COM
REF: p. 9
OBJ: 6
18.
TOP: Body cavities
The upper abdominopelvic regions include the
a. right and left hypochondriac and umbilical
b. right and left lumbar and umbilical
c. right and left iliac and epigastric
d. right and left hypochondriac and epigastric
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
19. The middle abdominopelvic regions include the
a. right and left lumbar and umbilical
b. right and left lumbar and epigastric
c. right and left iliac and hypogastric
d. right and left iliac and umbilical
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
20. The lower abdominopelvic regions include the
a. right and left iliac and umbilical
b. right and left lumbar and epigastric
c. right and left lumbar and hypogastric
d. right and left iliac and hypogastric
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
21.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
The brain is in the
a. ventral cavity
b. cranial cavity
c. mediastinum
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
22. The spinal cavity is part of the
a. dorsal cavity
b. ventral cavity
c. cranial cavity
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
23. The left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity includes all of the
a. left lumbar region
b. left iliac region
c. left hypochondriac region
d. left inguinal region
PRIMEXAM.COM
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
OBJ: 7
24. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback
loop, the thermometer would be an example of a(n)
sensor
control center
effector
positive feedback loop
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 14
25. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback
loop, the furnace would be an example of a(n)
sensor
control center
effector
positive feedback loop
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 14
26. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback
loop, the thermostat would be an example of a(n)
sensor
control center
effector
positive feedback loop
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 14
27. The abdominopelvic region that can be found in each of the four quadrants is the
a. umbilical
b. hypogastric
c. epigastric
d. left iliac
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
OBJ: 7
28. The lower right abdominopelvic quadrant includes all of the
a. right hypochondriac region
b. right lumbar region
c. right iliac region
d. right epigastric region
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
29. An example of a positive feedback loop would be
a. maintaining proper body temperature
PRIMEXAM.COM
OBJ: 7
b. forming a blood clot
c. uterine contractions during childbirth
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 15
OBJ: 9
30. An example of a negative feedback loop would be
a. maintaining proper body temperature
b. forming a blood clot
c. uterine contractions during childbirth
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 15
OBJ: 9
31. A midsagittal section through the head would divide
a. the forehead from the chin
b. the nose from the back of the head
c. the right eye from the left eye
d. none of the above
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: pp. 8-9
OBJ: 5
32. A transverse section through the head would divide
a. the forehead from the chin
b. the nose from the back of the head
c. the right eye from the left eye
d. none of the above
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: pp. 8-9
OBJ: 5
33. A frontal section through the head would divide
a. the forehead from the chin
b. the nose from the back of the head
c. the right eye from the left eye
d. none of the above
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: pp. 8-9
OBJ: 5
34. If this kind of section were made through the center of the head, both the right and left eyes
would be on the same section.
a. Coronal section
b. Midsagittal section
c. Transverse section
d. Both a and c above
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: pp. 8-9
PRIMEXAM.COM
OBJ: 5
35. The relationship between an organ and organ system is similar to the relationship between a
cell and
an organism
the cellular level of organization
a tissue
none of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: p. 6
OBJ: 3
36. The heart is an example of this level or organization.
a. Tissue
b. Organ
c. Organ system
d. Organism
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: pp. 4-5
37. Blood vessels are examples of this level or organization.
a. Organ system
b. Tissue
c. Organ
d. Cellular
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: pp. 4-5
38. On a directional rosette, a letter L would stand for
a. “left” if it is opposite the letter R
b. “lateral” if it is opposite the letter D
c. “lateral” if it is opposite the letter A
d. “lower” if it is opposite the letter U
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: pp. 7-8
39. Which of the following terms do not refer to a part of the head region?
a. Olecranal
b. Zygomatic
c. Frontal
d. All of the above terms refer to parts of the head
ANS: A
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body regions
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
40. Which of the following is not controlled by a negative feedback loop?
a. Body temperature
b. Blood oxygen concentration
c. Fluid levels of the body
d. Blood clot formation
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
PRIMEXAM.COM
REF: p. 15
OBJ: 9
TOP: The balance of body functions
41. The organ level of organization contains all of these lower levels.
a. The cellular and tissue levels only
b. The chemical and tissue levels only
c. The chemical, cellular, and tissue levels only
d. The chemical, cellular, tissue, and system levels
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: pp. 5-6
OBJ: 3
42. This structure physically separates the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
a. Mediastinum
b. Diaphragm
c. Mesenteries
d. None of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
43. The lungs are located in the
a. thoracic cavity
b. mediastinum
c. dorsal cavity
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
44. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one
getting the sugar pill. The group getting the sugar pill is the
test group
hypothesis group
control group
observational group
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Scientific method
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
45. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one
getting a sugar pill. If the two groups had the same result, it would indicate
a. the drug was safe and effective
b. the drug was ineffective because it did no better than the sugar pill
c. the experiment was a failure and no information could be gained
d. both b and c
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Scientific method
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
46. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one
getting a sugar pill. If the group getting the drug did much better than the group with the sugar
pill:
a. it would indicate that the drug was more effective than the sugar pill
PRIMEXAM.COM
b. a theory would be formed
c. the control group would be shown to have improved because of the drug
d. all of the above
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Scientific method
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
47. In the metric system
a. a meter is longer than a yard
b. a centimeter is longer than an inch
c. a nanometer is longer than a micrometer
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metric System
REF: p. 4
48. If a person lost a little more than 3 pounds on a diet, they would have lost about
a. 500 grams
b. 1000 grams
c. 1500 grams
d. 2000 grams
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Metric System
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
49. The word supine describes
a. the body lying face downward
b. an anatomical direction
c. the reference position of the body
d. the body lying face upward
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical position
REF: p. 7
50. Which process is used as the principal technique used to isolate and study the structural
components or parts of the human body?
Imaging
Dissection
X-rays
Resection
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 3
TRUE/FALSE
1. The word dissection is derived from two word parts that mean “cutting apart.”
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
2. The cell is the smallest living structural unit of the body.
PRIMEXAM.COM
REF: p. 3
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: p. 6
3. An organ is defined as a group of several types of cells working together to perform a specific
function.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: p. 6
4. The reference position for the directional terms of the body is called the anatomical position.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical position
REF: p. 7
5. The prone position is a position in which the body is lying face down.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical position
REF: p. 7
6. The prone position is a position in which the body is lying face up.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical position
REF: p. 7
7. The supine position is a position in which the body is lying face up.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical position
REF: p. 7
8. Superior means toward the head.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
9. Because humans walk upright, superior and superficial mean the same thing.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
10. Anterior and proximal are opposite terms.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
11. Medial and lateral are opposite terms.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
12. Proximal and distal are opposite terms.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
PRIMEXAM.COM
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
TOP: Anatomical directions
13. Because humans walk upright, inferior and deep mean the same thing.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
14. Because humans walk upright, ventral and anterior mean the same thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
15. Because humans walk upright, dorsal and posterior mean the same thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
16. The hand is distal to the elbow.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
17. The foot is proximal to the knee.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
18. The nose is superior to the mouth.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
19. The mouth is inferior to the chin.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
20. The big toe is lateral to the little toe.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
21. The ears are lateral to the nose.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
22. The heart is medial to the lungs.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
23. The skin is superficial to the ribs.
PRIMEXAM.COM
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
24. The lungs are deep to the ribs.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
25. The bones of the arm are superficial to the muscles of the arm.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
26. The nose is on the anterior side of the body.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
27. The navel is on the dorsal side of the body.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
28. The vertebrae are on the dorsal side of the body.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
29. A sagittal section divides the body into upper and lower parts.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: pp. 8-9
30. A sagittal section divides the body into right and left parts.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: pp. 8-9
31. A frontal section divides the body into front and back parts.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: p. 9
32. A transverse section divides the body into upper and lower parts.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: p. 9
33. The two major cavities of the body are the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
PRIMEXAM.COM
REF: p. 9
34. The two major cavities of the body are the dorsal and ventral cavities.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
35. The diaphragm divides the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
36. The mediastinum is in both the ventral and thoracic cavities.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
37. The pleural cavity is in both the thoracic and dorsal cavities.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
38. The brain and spinal cord are in the dorsal cavity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
39. The cranial cavity contains the brain and spinal cord.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
40. The upper abdominopelvic area consists of the right and left hypogastric and the epigastric
regions.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
41. The lower abdominopelvic area contains the left iliac region.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
42. The middle abdominopelvic area contains the umbilical region.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
43. The epigastric, umbilical, and left lumbar regions are all in the middle abdominopelvic area.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
PRIMEXAM.COM
REF: p. 10
44. Homeostasis refers to the relatively constant internal environment the body tries to maintain.
ANS: T
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 13
45. A negative feedback loop is one way the body tries to maintain homeostasis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 15
46. The sensor in a feedback loop compares the actual condition to the “normal” condition the
body tries to maintain.
ANS: F
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 14
47. The effector in a negative feedback loop does something to move the regulated condition back
to “normal.”
ANS: T
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: pp. 14-15
48. The sensor in a negative feedback loop detects a change in the regulated condition.
ANS: T
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: pp. 14-15
49. In the negative feedback loop, the effector is the link between the sensor and the control
center.
ANS: F
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: pp. 14-15
50. The formation of a blood clot is an example of a negative feedback loop.
ANS: F
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 15
51. The control of the volume of body fluid is an example of a negative feedback loop.
ANS: T
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 15
52. The regulation of blood pH is an example of a positive feedback loop.
ANS: F
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 15
53. The contraction of the uterus during childbirth is an example of a positive feedback loop.
ANS: T
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
PRIMEXAM.COM
REF: p. 15
54. The arms and legs are part of the axial body portion.
ANS: F
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body regions
REF: p. 12
55. The head and trunk are part of the axial body portion.
ANS: T
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body regions
REF: p. 12
56. The arms and legs are part of the appendicular body portion.
ANS: T
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body regions
REF: p. 12
57. Feedback loops continue to improve throughout life, reaching their peak in late adulthood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 16
58. The word organism can be used to describe a living thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: p. 3
59. A body in a supine position has its dorsal side to the ground.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 7
TOP: Anatomical position | Anatomical directions
OBJ: 4
60. A body in a prone position has its dorsal side to the ground.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 7
TOP: Anatomical position | Anatomical directions
OBJ: 4
61. On the compass rosettes in a figure, the letter P opposite the letter D would stand for the word
proximal.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 8
62. The thoracic cavity is divided into two parts, the mediastinum and the dorsal cavity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 10
63. The midsagittal and transverse sections, which divide the abdomen into quadrants, intersect at
the base of the mediastinum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
PRIMEXAM.COM
REF: p. 9
https://studentmagic.indiemade.com/
64. The diaphragm divides the axial from the appendicular region of the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body regions
REF: p. 9
65. The word leg refers only to the part of the body between the knee and the ankle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body regions
REF: p. 12
66. Women can have one more body function regulated by a positive feedback loop than men can.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: The balance of body functions
REF: p. 15
OBJ: 9
67. Exercise helps to maintain homeostasis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 9
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 16
TOP: Health and Well-Being: Exercise Physiology
68. The cell is the simplest level of organization in a living thing.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: p. 6
69. When reading a compass rosette in a figure, the letter L can mean either left or lateral.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 8
70. When reading a compass rosette in a figure, the letter P opposite the letter D stands for
posterior.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 8
71. The dorsal cavity is a made up of a single cavity containing the brain and spinal cord.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
72. The abdominopelvic region is divided into four quadrants, the left and right lumbar regions on
the upper part and the left and right iliac regions on the lower part.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body regions
REF: p. 9
73. The cells in the body live in a water environment that contains dissolved salts and other
substances.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 13
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OBJ: 9
TOP: Balance of body functions
74. The terms ophthalmic and orbital both refer to the eye area.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Descriptive terms for body regions
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
75. In the scientific method, a hypothesis is based on observation.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Scientific method
REF: p. 4
76. The single method used for all scientific investigation is called the scientific method.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Scientific method
REF: p. 4
77. An accepted hypothesis must be retested numerous times to become a theory.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Scientific method
REF: p. 4
78. If the effects of a drug are being tested by a scientific experiment, two groups would be used:
a group that gets the drug and a group that gets an inactive substance. The group that gets the
inactive substance is called the control group.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Scientific method
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
79. The term atrophy describes a body structure that is at the peak of its efficiency.
ANS: F
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body regions
REF: p. 12
80. The term dystrophy describes a degenerative process on a body structure due to lack of use.
ANS: F
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body regions
REF: p. 12
81. The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts is often defined as
physiology.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 3
MATCHING
Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.
a. Anterior
b. Lateral
c. Superior
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d.
e.
f.
g.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Medial
Proximal
Superficial
Posterior
Toward the head, upper or above
Toward the midline of the body
In humans, this term means the same as ventral
Nearest to the point of origin
Toward the back of the body
Nearest the surface of the body
Toward the side of the body
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
C
5
D
5
A
5
E
5
G
5
F
5
B
5
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Anatomical directions
Memorization
Anatomical directions
Memorization
Anatomical directions
Memorization
Anatomical directions
Memorization
Anatomical directions
Memorization
Anatomical directions
Memorization
Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
REF: p. 7
REF: p. 7
REF: p. 7
REF: p. 7
REF: p. 7
REF: p. 7
Match the body region with the correct body part.
Skull
Groin
Chest
Mouth
Brachial
Wrist
Cephalic
Antebrachial
Antecubital
Cervical
Axillary
Femoral
Lumbar
Popliteal
Tarsal
Plantar
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Arm
Head
Cranial
Oral
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12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Inguinal
Thoracic
Carpal
Sole of the foot
Neck
Thigh
Armpit
Depressed area in the front of the elbow
Lower back between ribs and pelvis
Ankle
Forearm
Area behind the knee
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
E
8
G
8
A
8
D
8
B
8
C
8
F
8
P
8
J
8
L
8
K
8
I
8
M
8
O
8
H
8
N
8
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
Memorization
Body regions
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
Match the term with the correct definition or explanation.
a. Hypothesis
b. Scientific method
c. Theory
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d. Experimentation
e. Control group
f. Test group
24. A hypothesis that has been supported by repeated testing and has gained a high level of
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
confidence
A systematic approach to discovery
A group that does not get what is being tested
A reasonable guess based on previous informal observations
A process used to test a hypothesis
A group that receives what is being tested
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
C
2
B
2
E
2
A
2
D
2
F
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Scientific method
Memorization
Scientific method
Memorization
Scientific method
Memorization
Scientific method
Memorization
Scientific method
Memorization
Scientific method
REF: p. 4
REF: p. 4
REF: p. 4
REF: p. 4
REF: p. 4
REF: p. 4
ESSAY
1. Explain the concept of homeostasis. Why is this so important to the survival of the body?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: pp. 12-14
TOP: The balance of body functions
OBJ: 9
2. Explain a positive feedback loop. Give an example of a positive feedback loop in the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 15
TOP: The balance of body functions
OBJ: 9
3. Explain a negative feedback loop. How does a negative feedback loop assist in maintaining
homeostasis?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 15
TOP: The balance of body functions
OBJ: 9
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4. List and briefly explain the levels of organization in the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural levels of organization
REF: pp. 4-6
OBJ: 3
5. List and briefly explain the process of the scientific method.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Scientific method
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
6. Develop and explain an experiment that tests the hypothesis that people with high levels of
vitamin C in their diets have fewer colds than people with low levels of vitamin C in their
diets.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Scientific method
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
7. Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
TOP: Scientific method
8. Explain how the control group is used to determine the success of the test group and the
experiment.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
TOP: Scientific method
9. What is the relationship between a meter and a yard, an inch and a centimeter, and a pound
and a gram?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2
TOP: Metric System
10. Describe anatomical position. Explain the terms supine and prone.
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical position
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 4
11. Name and explain the 10 anatomical directions.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anatomical directions
REF: p. 7
OBJ: 5
12. Name and describe the three planes or body sections.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Planes or body sections
REF: pp. 8-9
OBJ: 5
13. Describe the parts of the ventral body cavity.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
OBJ: 6
14. Describe the parts of the dorsal cavity and explain what each part contains.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body cavities
REF: p. 9
OBJ: 6
15. What makes up the axial portion of the body? What makes up the appendicular portion of the
body?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2)
OBJ: 8
TOP: Body regions
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Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle that makes up the atom?
a. Ion
b. Proton
c. Neutron
d. Electron
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
2. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of
a. electrons
b. neutrons
c. protons
d. both b and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
3. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of
a. electrons
b. neutrons
c. protons
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
4. This subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of the atom.
a. Electron
b. Neutron
c. Proton
d. Both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
5. This subatomic particle is found in orbitals around the nucleus of the atom.
a. Electron
b. Neutron
c. Proton
d. Both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 24
6. This is not a characteristic of a proton:
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a.
b.
c.
d.
contributes to the atom’s atomic number
contributes to the atom’s atomic mass
is located in the nucleus of the atom
carries a negative electrical charge
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
7. This is not a characteristic of a neutron:
a. contributes to the atom’s atomic number
b. contributes to the atom’s atomic mass
c. is located in the nucleus of the atom
d. has no electrical charge
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
8. This is not a characteristic of an electron:
a. is in an orbital around the nucleus of the atom
b. has a negative electrical charge
c. contributes to the atom’s atomic number
d. all of the above are characteristics of an electron
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
9. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic number of this
atom is
49
32
33
16
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
TOP: Atoms
DIF: Application
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
10. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic mass of this atom
is
a.
b.
c.
d.
49
32
33
16
ANS: C
TOP: Atoms
DIF: Application
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
11. The second energy level of an atom
a. has four orbitals
b. can hold eight electrons
c. is a lower energy level then the first energy level
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 24
OBJ: 2
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TOP: Atoms
12. Compounds are
a. pure substances
b. made up of only one type of atom
c. made up of two or more different types of atoms
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 24
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
13. The formula for oxygen gas is O2; this means it is
a. made up of two atoms of oxygen
b. a molecule
c. a compound
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF: p. 24
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
OBJ: 1
14. If an atom had 20 protons and 18 electrons, it would
a. have a negative 2 charge
b. have a plus 2 charge
c. be attracted to a positively charged ion
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
TOP: Ionic bonds
DIF: Application
REF: p. 25
OBJ: 3
15. Ionic bonds:
a. usually dissolve easily in water
b. produced ions when dissolved in water
c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ionic bonds
REF: p. 25
16. Covalent bonds
a. dissociate in water
b. are formed when electrons are shared between atoms
c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Covalent bonds
REF: pp. 25-26
17. Organic compounds must contain
a. oxygen
b. carbon–oxygen bonds
c. hydrogen–oxygen bonds
d. none of the above
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ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inorganic chemistry
REF: p. 27
18. Which of the following is not true of water?
a. Water is the most abundant organic compound in the body.
b. Water is found both in and around the cells of the body.
c. Water is the solvent in which most other compounds are dissolved.
d. All of the above are true of water.
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
19. In a dehydration synthesis reaction:
a. water is a reactant
b. water is a product
c. a large molecule is broken down into a smaller one
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
20. In a dehydration synthesis reaction:
a. hydrogen and oxygen are removed from the reactants
b. water is added to the reactants
c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen
d. both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
21. In a hydrolysis reaction:
a. water is a product
b. water is a reactant
c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen
d. the product is larger than either reactant
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
22. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The process of hydrolysis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller
molecules.
b. Water is an end product of a hydrolysis reaction.
c. The process of dehydration synthesis is used to build a larger molecule from
smaller molecules.
d. Water is a reactant in a dehydration synthesis reaction.
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
23. Which is not true of the following chemical equation? K+ + Cl–  KCl
a. The equation indicates that there are two reactants.
b. The equation indicates that there is one product.
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c. The equation indicates that the reaction occurs in both directions equally.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inorganic chemistry
REF: p. 28
24. An acid
a. has a pH greater than 7
b. has a pH less than 7
c. has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
25. A base
a. has a pH greater than 7
b. has a pH less than 7
c. has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
26. A solution with a pH of 6
a. is an acid
b. is a base
c. has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 5
d. both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
27. A solution with a pH of 11
a. is an acid
b. is a base
c. has 10 times more OH– ions than a solution with a pH of 10
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
28. When the body removes CO2 by way of the respiratory system
a. it lowers the pH of the blood
b. it raises the pH of the blood
c. it has no effect on pH because CO2 is neither an acid nor a base
d. it is acting as a buffer
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 29
29. If a strong acid were added to one container of pure water and an equal amount of a weak acid
were added to a second container of pure water:
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a. the pH of both containers would go up equally
b. the pH of both containers would go down equally
c. the pH of the container with the strong acid would go up more than the container
with the weak acid
d. none of the above
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
OBJ: 6
30. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
a. Glucose
b. Sucrose
c. Lactose
d. Glucagon
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
31. Which of the following is a disaccharide?
a. Glucose
b. Sucrose
c. Starch
d. Glycogen
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
32. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
a. Glucose
b. Lactose
c. Sucrose
d. Glycogen
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
33. Liver cells and muscle cells are able to store chains of glucose in a molecule called
a. glycogen
b. polyglucose
c. sucrose
d. lactose
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
34. Which of the following is not true of triglycerides?
a. A part of the molecule attracts water.
b. The molecule contains three fatty acids.
c. The molecule contains glycerol.
d. Triglycerides are used by the body to store energy.
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 30
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35. Which of the following is not true of phospholipids?
a. The molecule contains three fatty acids.
b. The molecule has a water-attracting part.
c. The molecule has a water-repelling part.
d. It is important in the structure of the cell membrane.
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 30
36. Which of the following is not true of cholesterol?
a. It is a steroid lipid.
b. It helps stabilize the cell membrane.
c. It contains only two fatty acids.
d. It is the starting point for making the hormone estrogen.
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 31
37. This lipid can be found in the cell membrane
a. triglycerides
b. phospholipids
c. cholesterol
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 31
38. Which of the following is a structural protein?
a. Hormones
b. Collagen
c. Growth factor
d. Enzymes
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 32
39. The “lock and key” model is use to describe the functioning of
a. enzymes
b. collagen molecules
c. keratin molecules
d. both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 32
40. Which of the following is not true of enzymes?
a. They function on the lock and key model.
b. They are functional proteins.
c. They are catalysts.
d. All of the above are true of enzymes.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 32
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OBJ: 7
TOP: Proteins
41. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA
a. guanine
b. thymine
c. uracil
d. adenine
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
42. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA
a. adenine
b. ribose sugar
c. deoxyribose sugar
d. phosphate
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
43. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA
a. guanine
b. thymine
c. uracil
d. adenine
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
44. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA
a. ribose sugar
b. deoxyribose sugar
c. adenine
d. cytosine
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
45. This subatomic particle does not contribute to the mass of an atom
a. proton
b. neutron
c. electron
d. all of the above particles contribute to the mass of an atom
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
46. The magnesium atom has two electrons in its outer energy level and is willing to donate both
of them. The sodium atom has seven electrons in its outer energy level and will accept one
electron. The chemical formula for the compound formed by magnesium and sodium would
be
a. Mg2Na
b. MgNa2
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c. Mg2S
d. MgS2
ANS: B
TOP: Ionic bonds
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 25-26
OBJ: 3
47. Which of the following organs help maintain the proper pH of body fluids?
a. Kidneys by forming urine
b. Lungs by exhaling carbon dioxide
c. Spleen by filtering the blood
d. Both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 29
48. Which of the following lipids do not contain fatty acids?
a. Phospholipids
b. Cholesterol
c. Triglycerides
d. Both a and b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: pp. 30-31
49. Which of the following lipids are used as starting points in the making of hormones?
a. Phospholipids
b. Cholesterol
c. Triglycerides
d. Both b and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 31
50. In an atom, each orbital can hold
a. one electron
b. two electrons
c. eight electrons
d. hydrogen can hold two and the rest of the atoms can hold eight
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 24
51. An isotope is an atom with
a. more protons than electrons
b. more electrons than protons
c. the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
d. either a or b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 25
TOP: Clinical Application: Radioactive Isotopes
52. Which of the following carries a positive electrical charge?
a. Proton
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b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Both proton and neutron
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
53. Which of the following is found in the nucleus of the atom?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Both proton and neutron
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
54. Which of the following is found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus of the atom?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Both proton and neutron
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
55. Which of the following carries no electrical charge?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Both proton and neutron
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
56. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic mass?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Both proton and neutron
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
57. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic number?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Both proton and neutron
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
58. Which of the following carries a negative electrical charge?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Both proton and neutron
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
59. Which of the following contain three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol?
a. Enzymes
b. Triglycerides
c. Phospholipids
d. All of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 29
60. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
a. Glucose
b. Lactose
c. Glycogen
d. Starch
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
61. Which of the following has thymine as one of its nucleotides?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Both a and b above
d. Neither a nor b above
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
62. Which of the following is a lipid with a water-attracting and water-repelling part of its
molecule?
Triglycerides
Cholesterol
Phospholipids
None of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 30
63. Which of the following is an example of a structural protein?
a. Enzymes
b. Collagen
c. Glycogen
d. None of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 32
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64. Which of the following is an example of a functional protein?
a. Collagen
b. Glycogen
c. Enzymes
d. None of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 32
65. Which of the following is a lipid that can be found along with cholesterol in the cell
membrane?
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Both a and b above
Neither a nor b above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 30
66. Which of the following is a nucleic acid with a double helix structure?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Both a and b above
d. Neither a nor b above
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
67. Which of the following is a protein whose function is explained by the lock and key model?
a. Collagen
b. Glycogen
c. Enzymes
d. None of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 32
68. Which of the following has uracil as one of its nucleotides?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Both a and b above
d. Neither a nor b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
69. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
a. Glucose
b. Dextrose
c. Glycogen
d. Lactose
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ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
70. Which of the following is a starting substance for making the hormones estrogen and
testosterone?
Lactose
Collagen
DNA
Cholesterol
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 31
71. Which of the following acts as a chemical catalyst?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Enzymes
d. Phospholipids
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 32
72. Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?
a. Glucose
b. Glycogen
c. Dextrose
d. Lactose
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
73. Which of the following is the steroid lipid?
a. Cholesterol
b. Triglycerides
c. Enzymes
d. Phospholipids
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 31
74. This element is not one of the elements that make up 96% of the body.
a. Nitrogen
b. Hydrogen
c. Oxygen
d. Sodium
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 24
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
75. This is a way the body can remove excess H+ ions from the body
a. excreting them in the urine
b. exhaling CO2 from the lungs
c. using a buffer
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d. all of the above can remove H+ ions from the blood
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 29
76. This modified nucleotide plays an important role in energy-transfer in the body
a. adenosine triphosphate
b. enzymes
c. mRNA
d. glycoproteins
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 33
77. Low blood pH results in a condition called
a. alkalosis
b. acidosis
c. atherosclerosis
d. hydrolysis
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 29
TRUE/FALSE
1. Matter can be defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Levels of chemical organization
REF: p. 23
2. Atoms have never been seen by scientists, but their presence is strongly supported by the
atomic theory.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
3. The proton of the atom carries a positive electrical charge.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
4. The proton of the atom is found in orbitals around the nucleus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
5. The proton of an atom is found in the nucleus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
6. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic mass of 15.
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ANS: F
TOP: Atoms
DIF: Application
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
7. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic number of 15.
ANS: T
TOP: Atoms
DIF: Application
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
8. An atom with 15 protons and 15 electrons would have an atomic mass of 30.
ANS: F
TOP: Atoms
DIF: Application
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
9. An atom with 15 protons and 15 neutrons would have an atomic mass of 30.
ANS: T
TOP: Atoms
DIF: Application
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
10. Neutrons have no electrical charge.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
11. Neutrons and electrons are found in the nucleus of the atom.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
12. Neutrons contribute to the atomic number of an atom.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
13. Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass of the atom.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
14. Electrons carry a negative electrical charge.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
15. The number of electrons plus the number of protons is equal to the atomic number of an atom.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
16. All orbitals of an atom can hold two electrons.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
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17. All energy levels of an atom can hold four orbitals.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 24
18. All energy levels can hold eight electrons.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 24
19. The first energy level of an atom can hold only two orbitals.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 24
20. The first energy level of an atom is closest to the nucleus and is the lowest energy level.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 24
21. The terms energy level and electron orbital are interchangeable.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 24
22. Elements are pure substances.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 24
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
23. The terms molecule and compound are interchangeable.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 24
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
24. A formula of a compound tells you the number and types of elements that make up that
compound.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 24
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
25. The elements sodium, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up 96% of the human body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 24
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
26. An atom is said to be chemically stable when its outer energy level is full.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical bonding
REF: p. 24
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27. An atom with one more electron than proton would have a plus one charge.
ANS: F
TOP: Ionic bonds
DIF: Application
REF: p. 25
OBJ: 3
28. In order for an atom to be an ion, the number of electrons cannot equal the number of protons.
ANS: T
TOP: Ionic bonds
DIF: Application
REF: p. 25
OBJ: 3
29. When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they tend to dissociate into ions.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ionic bonds
REF: p. 25
30. The ions that are dissolved in water are called electrolytes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ionic bonds
REF: p. 25
31. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na.
ANS: F
TOP: Ionic bonds
DIF: Application
REF: p. 25
OBJ: 3
32. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na+.
ANS: T
TOP: Ionic bonds
DIF: Application
REF: p. 25
OBJ: 3
33. Atom X has eight electrons, two in its first energy level and six in its second energy level. It
would most likely form an ion with a plus two charge.
ANS: F
TOP: Ionic bonds
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 25
OBJ: 3
34. Covalent bonds do not usually dissociate in water.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Covalent bonds
REF: p. 26
35. Covalent bonds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Covalent bonds
REF: p. 26
36. All compounds in the human body are, by definition, organic compounds.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inorganic chemistry
REF: p. 27
37. Organic compounds must have either a C–C or C–H bond.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inorganic chemistry
REF: p. 27
38. Water is an inorganic compound.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
39. Aqueous solutions have water as the solvent.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
40. In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is always a reactant.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
41. In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is always a product.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
42. In dehydration synthesis reaction, smaller reactants are joined to form a larger product.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
43. In the process of hydrolysis, a molecule of water is broken down to hydrogen and oxygen.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
44. In hydrolysis, water is used to break the bonds of a larger molecule and convert it to smaller
molecules.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
45. In a hydrolysis reaction, water is always an end product.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
46. Hydrolysis is virtually the reverse of a dehydration synthesis reaction.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
47. Acids produce an excess of H+ ions.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 28
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OBJ: 6
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
48. Bases produce an excess of OH– ions.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
49. An increase in H+ ions will cause an increase in the pH value.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
50. An increase in pH value would mean more H+ ions are in solution.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
OBJ: 6
51. A solution with a pH of 4 has 100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
OBJ: 6
52. A solution with a pH of 3 has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 4.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
OBJ: 6
53. A solution that has a greater concentration of OH– ions than H+ ions would be called a base.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
54. A strong acid added to a solution would raise the pH more than the same amount of a weak
acid added to the solution.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 28
OBJ: 6
55. When a neutralization reaction occurs between a strong acid and base, one of the end products
is water.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 29
56. A buffer is a chemical that helps prevent a sudden change in pH.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 29
57. The word carbohydrate literally means “sugar.”
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 29
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OBJ: 7
TOP: Carbohydrates
58. Both sucrose and lactose are monosaccharides.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
59. Glucose is used by the body as a source of energy.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 29
60. Both sucrose and lactose are disaccharides.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
61. A molecule of glycogen contains more saccharide units than a molecule of sucrose.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
OBJ: 7
62. A molecule of glucose has more saccharide units than a molecule of lactose.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
OBJ: 7
63. Muscles store chains of glucose in a molecule called dextrose.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
64. Glycogen and starch are both polysaccharides.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
65. Cholesterol is an important source of energy for the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 30
66. Phospholipids and triglycerides both contain fatty acids.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 30
67. Phospholipids and triglycerides both have parts of their molecules that attract water.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 30
68. Phospholipids are the starting substance for several steroid hormones in the body.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 31
69. Both phospholipids and cholesterol are structural components of the cell membrane.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: pp. 30-31
70. Both phospholipids and cholesterol are steroid lipids.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: p. 31
71. The bonds that join amino acids together to form a protein are called peptide bonds.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 31
72. The functional proteins in the body include hormones, collagen, and cell membrane receptors.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 32
73. The shape of proteins determines their role in body chemistry.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 32
74. The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
75. Both DNA and RNA contain uracil.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
76. Both DNA and RNA contain a sugar molecule as part of their structure.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
OBJ: 7
77. Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
78. DNA is the “master code” for making proteins.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 32
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79. LDLs have a high concentration of protein and low concentration of lipid.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 31
TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins
80. HDL is sometimes called the “bad” cholesterol.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 31
TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins
81. LDL is sometimes called the “bad” cholesterol.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 31
TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins
82. High levels of LDL are associated with the development of atherosclerosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 31
TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins
83. An atom’s mass number is usually greater than its atomic number.
ANS: T
TOP: Atoms
DIF: Application
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
84. An atom’s atomic number is usually greater than its mass number.
ANS: F
TOP: Atoms
DIF: Application
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
85. Electrons move in an elliptical orbit rather than a circular orbit around the nucleus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: pp. 23-24
86. An electron in the third energy level is closer to the nucleus than an electron in the second
energy level.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 24
87. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 24
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
OBJ: 1
88. The bond between carbon and hydrogen in an organic compound is an example of a covalent
bond.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inorganic chemistry
REF: p. 26
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89. Water is the most abundant solute in the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: p. 27
90. Chemical bonds can store potential chemical energy.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Water
REF: pp. 27-28
91. The primary source of energy used by the body is a carbohydrate.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: p. 30
92. The only group of organic compounds that contains sugar is the carbohydrates.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrates | Nucleic acids
REF: p. 30
OBJ: 7
93. Adenosine triphosphate is a modified nucleotide that is important in energy transfer in the
body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nucleic acids
REF: p. 30
94. If blood pH tests indicate that your blood pH is high, you are suffering from alkalosis.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 29
OBJ: 6
MATCHING
Match the name of the element with the correct symbol.
a. Potassium
b. Phosphorus
c. Sodium
d. Calcium
e. Carbon
f. Hydrogen
g. Chlorine
h. Nitrogen
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
C
Ca
Cl
H
Na
P
K
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8. N
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
E
1
D
1
G
1
F
1
C
1
B
1
A
1
H
1
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
p. 26
p. 26
p. 26
p. 26
p. 26
p. 26
p. 26
p. 26
Match the term with its definition or explanation.
Proton
Electron
Neutron
Atomic mass
Atomic number
Element
Compound
Hydrolysis
Acid
Base
Covalent bond
Ionic bond
Water
Buffer
Electrolytes
Dehydration synthesis
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
A process where a molecule of water is used to make large compounds smaller
A substance composed of more than one type of element
When an ionic compound dissociates in water it forms these
Bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges
A subatomic particle with a positive charge
The most important inorganic compound in the body
A substance that resists a change in pH
A subatomic particle with a negative charge
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
The number of protons in an atom
A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom
A subatomic particle with no charge
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21.
22.
23.
24.
A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
A bond formed when electrons are shared
A substance that increases the concentration of OH– ions in a solution
A process where a molecule of water is removed to make two small molecules into one larger
molecule
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
H
5
G
1
O
3
L
3
A
2
M
5
N
6
B
2
D
2
E
2
F
1
C
2
I
6
K
3
J
6
P
5
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
REF:
Water
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
Memorization
REF:
Ionic bonds
Memorization
REF:
Ionic bonds
Memorization
REF:
Atoms
Memorization
REF:
Water
Memorization
REF:
Acids, bases, and salts
Memorization
REF:
Atoms
Memorization
REF:
Atoms
Memorization
REF:
Atoms
Memorization
REF:
Elements, molecules, and compounds
Memorization
REF:
Atoms
Memorization
REF:
Acids, bases, and salts
Memorization
REF:
Covalent bonds
Memorization
REF:
Acids, bases, and salts
Memorization
REF:
Water
p. 27
p. 24
p. 25
p. 26
p. 23
p. 27
p. 29
p. 23
p. 23
p. 23
p. 24
p. 23
p. 28
p. 25
p. 28
p. 27
Match the term with the definition or explanation.
a. Glucose
b. Enzyme
c. Triglyceride
d. Glycogen
e. Cholesterol
f. Adenosine triphosphate
g. RNA
h. Phospholipids
i. Collagen
j. DNA
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25. This is an example of a functional protein.
26. This nucleic acid has thymine as one of its nitrogen bases.
27. This lipid has a side that attracts water and another side that repels water and is important in
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
formation of cell membranes.
This is the monosaccharide that the body prefers for its source of energy.
This is an example of a structural protein.
This nucleic acid has uracil as one of its nitrogen bases.
This lipid is made up of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids.
This is a special type of nucleotide that is used to transfer energy in the body.
This is a lipid that is used in the making of a number of hormones in the body.
This is the polysaccharide that the human body stores for energy.
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
B
7
J
7
H
7
A
7
I
7
G
7
C
7
F
7
E
7
D
7
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Proteins
Memorization
Nucleic acids
Memorization
Lipids
Memorization
Carbohydrates
Memorization
Protein
Memorization
Nucleic acids
Memorization
Lipids
Memorization
Nucleic acids
Memorization
Lipids
Memorization
Carbohydrates
REF: p. 32
REF: p. 32
REF: p. 30
REF: p. 30
REF: p. 32
REF: p. 32
REF: p. 30
REF: p. 33
REF: p. 31
REF: p. 29
ESSAY
1. Briefly describe the structure of the atom.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Atoms
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
2. A particular atom contains 28 protons, 28 electrons, and 31 neutrons. What is its atomic mass?
What is its atomic number?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 23
OBJ: 2
TOP: Atoms
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3. Distinguish among an element, a molecule, and a compound.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 24
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
OBJ: 1
4. Write the correct chemical formula for a substance containing four atoms of chlorine and one
atom of carbon.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 24
OBJ: 1
TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds
5. Assume an atom of element X has two electrons in its outermost energy level. Two atoms of
element Y each have seven electrons in their outermost energy level (eight is stable). Explain
how an ionic bond would form among these three atoms and give the formula for the
compound.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 25
OBJ: 3
TOP: Atoms, Ionic bonds
6. Explain the relationship between the number of H+ ions in solution and the pH value.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 28
OBJ: 6
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
7. Describe the three ways in which the body can regulate the removal of H+ ions or a sudden
change in pH.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acids, bases, and salts
REF: p. 29
OBJ: 6
8. List the three types of lipids in the body and describe the structure and function of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lipids
REF: pp. 30-31
OBJ: 7
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9. Differentiate between DNA and RNA in terms of structure and function.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 29
OBJ: 7
TOP: Nucleic acids
10. Describe the two different types of lipoproteins in the blood. Explain their possible impact on
health.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 31
TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins
OBJ: 7
11. Explain the difference between structural and functional proteins. Give an example of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Proteins
REF: p. 32
OBJ: 7
12. Describe the types of carbohydrates. What are the two large molecules that can store
carbohydrates?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrates
REF: pp. 29-30
OBJ: 7
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Chapter 03: Cells
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The plasma membrane of a cell is composed of
a. phospholipid molecules
b. cholesterol molecules
c. protein molecules
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 42
2. The molecules in the plasma membrane that serve as receptors for other molecules are the
a. phospholipid molecules
b. cholesterol molecules
c. protein molecules
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 42
3. The molecules that stabilize the cell membrane and prevent it from breaking easily are the
a. phospholipid molecules
b. cholesterol molecules
c. protein molecules
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 42
4. An important function of the cell membrane is
a. the production of energy
b. aiding in protein formation
c. acting as an “identification tag” for the cell
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 42
5. The organelles that are the “protein factories” for the cell are the
a. ribosomes
b. mitochondria
c. Golgi apparatus
d. centrioles
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 44
6. The organelles that are the “power plants” of the cell are the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
ribosomes
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
centrioles
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 46
7. The organelles that are the “digestive bags” of the cell are the
a. flagella
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. Golgi apparatus
d. lysosomes
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 46
8. The organelles that consist of a network of canals that wind through the cytoplasm are the
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. flagella
c. Golgi apparatus
d. lysosomes
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 44
9. The organelles that are flattened sacs that chemically process molecules are the
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. flagella
c. Golgi apparatus
d. lysosome
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 45
10. The organelles that are rod-shaped structures made of fine tubes and are important in cell
division are the
ribosomes
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
centrioles
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 46
11. The structure in the cell that controls most of the activities of the cell is the
a. cilia
b. nucleus
c. nucleolus
d. ribosome
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 47
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12. Small, hairlike structures on the exposed side of some cells are called the
a. cilia
b. nucleus
c. nucleolus
d. endoplasmic reticulum
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 47
13. The structure in the cell that programs the formation of ribosomes is the
a. cilia
b. nucleus
c. nucleolus
d. endoplasmic reticulum
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 47
14. The long, taillike structure that propels sperm cells is the
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. cilia
c. Golgi apparatus
d. flagellum
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 47
15. Which of the following transport processes does not require cell energy?
a. Osmosis
b. Dialysis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 50
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
16. Which of the following transport processes requires cell energy?
a. Osmosis
b. Dialysis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 52
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
17. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is a process called
a. osmosis
b. dialysis
c. filtration
d. pinocytosis
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 50
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OBJ: 3
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
18. The diffusion of solutes through a selectively permeable membrane is a process called
a. osmosis
b. dialysis
c. filtration
d. pinocytosis
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 50
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
19. The process used by the cell membrane to actively take in fluids and dissolved substances is
a. osmosis
b. dialysis
c. filtration
d. pinocytosis
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 52
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
20. The process that uses hydrostatic pressure to move water and solutes through a membrane is
a. osmosis
b. dialysis
c. filtration
d. pinocytosis
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 51
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
21. The process that actively traps solids in the cell membrane and brings them into the cell is
a. pinocytosis
b. phagocytosis
c. ion pumps
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Clinical Applications: Tonicity
REF: p. 52
22. If a blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution:
a. water will enter the cell
b. water will leave the cell
c. it will crenate
d. none of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Clinical Applications: Tonicity
REF: p. 50
23. If a blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution:
a. water will enter the cell
b. water will leave the cell
c. it will crenate
d. both b and c above
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ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Clinical Applications: Tonicity
REF: p. 50
24. If a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution:
a. water will enter the cell
b. water will leave the cell
c. it will crenate
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Clinical Applications: Tonicity
REF: p. 50
25. Because of complementary base pairing, if one side of a DNA molecule was ATCCGTAATC,
the other side of the molecule would be
a. ATCCGCTAATC
b. AUCCGCUAATC
c. UAGGCGAUUAG
d. TAGGCATTAG
ANS: D
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 53
OBJ: 4
26. Protein synthesis consists of the process of
a. mitosis
b. translation
c. transcription
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: pp. 55-56
27. Chromosomes align themselves in the center of the cell during
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. telophase
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 57
28. Chromosomes form chromatin and the nuclear envelope reforms during
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. telophase
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 58
29. The DNA replicates itself during
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. anaphase
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d. telophase
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 56
30. Chromosomes are pulled by spindle fibers to opposite sides of the cell during
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. anaphase
d. telophase
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: pp. 57-58
31. Chromatin becomes organized into chromosomes during
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. anaphase
d. telophase
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 57
32. The following is not one of the main parts of a cell
a. plasma membrane
b. interstitial fluid
c. cytoplasm
d. nucleus
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 42
33. Which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?
a. Acting as the outer boundary for the cell
b. Acting as the gateway for the cell
c. Acting as a receptor site for hormones of the body
d. All of the above are functions of the cell
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Plasma membrane
REF: p. 42
34. Ribosomes are
a. composed mostly of a type of nucleic acid
b. sometimes attached to mitochondria forming “rough” mitochondria
c. important sites for energy release
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ribosomes
REF: p. 54
35. Which of the following is not a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Receive proteins after they have been made by the ribosome
b. Produce new cell membrane for the cell
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c. Digest microbes that may have entered the cell
d. Provide a route of transport from one part of the cell to another
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endoplasmic reticulum
REF: p. 44
36. Which of the following is not true of mitochondria?
a. Make protein for the cell
b. Are the site of cellular respiration
c. Are composed of two membranous sacs, one inside the other
d. Contain DNA
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mitochondria
REF: p. 46
37. The main difference between active and passive transport is
a. the amount of material moved
b. the direction in which the material is moved
c. whether cell energy is required
d. the type of cell involved
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 48
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
38. If a 5% glucose solution were separated from a 10% glucose solution by a membrane that was
permeable to both water and glucose
glucose would move from the 5% solution to the 10% solution
water would move from the 5% solution to the 10% solution
the movement of glucose between the two solutions would be equal
water would move from the 10% solution to the 5% solution
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diffusion
REF: pp. 48-49
39. DNA differs from RNA in that
a. DNA is double stranded
b. DNA contains the base uracil
c. DNA contains the base adenine
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 55
TOP: RNA molecules and protein synthesis
40. The largest human cell is about how much larger than the smallest human cell?
a. About 20 times larger
b. About 10 times larger
c. About 5 times larger
d. About twice as large
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells—Size and shape
REF: p. 41
41. Another term for tissue fluid is
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a.
b.
c.
d.
plasma
cytoplasm
interstitial fluid
blood
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells—Composition
REF: p. 42
42. Which organelle contains nucleic acids?
a. Ribosomes
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Mitochondria
d. Both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 44
43. Which organelle is not found on the outer surface of the cell membrane?
a. Centriole
b. Flagellum
c. Cilia
d. All of the above structures are found on the outer surface of the cell membrane
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: pp. 46-47
44. Which of the following is not true of ion pumps?
a. Found in the plasma membrane
b. Moves material down a concentration gradient
c. Is made of protein
d. All of the above are true of ion pumps
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Active transport processes
REF: p. 52
45. The process of DNA replication occurs during which phase of mitosis?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. None of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: DNA replication
REF: pp. 56-57
46. Because of complementary base pairing, if one side of a DNA molecule was ATCCGTAATC,
the messenger RNA strand would be
ATCCGCTAATC
AUCCGCUAATC
UAGGCGAUUAG
TAGGCATTAG
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 53
TOP: RNA molecules and protein synthesis
OBJ: 4
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47. The largest cell in the body is
a. a blood cell
b. a brain cell
c. a skin cell
d. an ovum
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells—Size and shape
REF: p. 41
48. In a cell, the fluid within the cell membrane is called
the cell membrane is called:
a. cytoplasm, interstitial fluid
b. interstitial fluid, tissue fluid
c. tissue fluid, interstitial fluid
d. interstitial fluid, cytoplasm
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
and the fluid outside
.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells—Composition
REF: p. 42
49. Which of the following is not part of the cytoskeleton of the cell?
a. Microtubules
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Microfilaments
d. All of the above are part of the cytoskeleton
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 43
50. Small, fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the cell
and make absorption more efficient are called
cilia
ion pumps
microvilli
flagella
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell extensions
REF: p. 46
51. Which of the following is not true of the process of transcription?
a. It occurs at the ribosome.
b. It occurs in the nucleus.
c. It forms a messenger RNA molecule.
d. Both a and c are not true.
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Transcription
REF: p. 55
52. The function of transfer RNA is to
a. bring the ribosome to the endoplasmic reticulum
b. bring the messenger RNA to the ribosome
c. bring the RNA to the DNA for transcription
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d. bring amino acids to the ribosome
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Translation
REF: p. 56
TRUE/FALSE
1. The main structural unit of the cell membrane is the protein molecule.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 42
2. Phospholipids and cholesterol are two lipid molecules found in the cell membrane.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 42
3. Carbohydrate chains in the cell membrane are used as identification tags for the cell.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 43
4. The nonliving material between the cell nucleus and cell membrane is called the cytoplasm.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 42
5. The ribosomes are the “power plants” of the cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 46
6. Cilia are hairlike structures on the free or exposed sides of some cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 46
7. Endoplasmic reticulum is the “digestive bag” of the cell.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 46
8. The mitochondria is considered the “power plant” of the cell.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 46
9. Centrioles assist in cell division.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 46
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10. The Golgi apparatus is called the “protein factory.”
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 44
11. The nucleolus is the “brain” of the cell; it directs all cell activity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 47
12. The flagellum is the “tail” of the sperm cell and acts to propel it.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 47
13. Ribosomes are the “protein factories” of the cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 44
14. The things that make rough endoplasmic reticulum rough are ribosomes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 45
15. The nucleolus plays an important role in the formation of ribosomes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 47
16. Chromosomes and chromatin are both made of DNA.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 47
17. Filtration is an example of a passive transport process.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 48
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
18. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called dialysis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 50
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
19. Filtration uses hydrostatic pressure to move material through a membrane.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 51
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
20. Osmosis and dialysis are special cases of diffusion.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 50
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OBJ: 3
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
21. Ion pumps are examples of active transport processes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 52
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
22. Pinocytosis is a process by which the cell membrane takes in solid particles.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 52
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
23. Phagocytosis is a process by which the cell membrane takes in fluid and dissolved substances.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 52
TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes
24. A cell put in an isotonic solution would crenate.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Clinical Applications: Tonicity
REF: p. 50
25. A cell put in a hypotonic solution would lyse.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Clinical Applications: Tonicity
REF: p. 50
26. A cell put in a hypertonic solution would take in water.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Clinical Applications: Tonicity
REF: p. 50
27. A cell put in a hypertonic solution would crenate.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Clinical Applications: Tonicity
REF: p. 50
28. In DNA, adenine is always paired with thymine.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 53
29. Only DNA contains the base uracil.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 55
30. In DNA, cytosine is always paired with uracil.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 57
31. A specific segment of base pairs in a chromosome is called a gene.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 53
32. mRNA is formed during translation.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 55
33. The sequencing of the amino acids occurs during translation.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 55
34. The collective DNA in each cell of the body is called the genome.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 54
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Human Genome
35. During anaphase, the DNA replicates.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 57
36. During metaphase, chromosomes align in the center of the cell.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 57
37. A cell in interphase is not in active cell division.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 56
38. During prophase, chromatin becomes chromosomes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 57
39. During anaphase, the chromosomes move away from the center of the cell.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: pp. 57-58
40. During telophase, spindle fibers attach to each chromatid.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 58
41. Organelles are located in the liquid part of the cell called the interstitial fluid.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells—Composition
REF: p. 44
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42. All ion pumps are specific and can only move one type of molecule.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ion pumps
REF: p. 52
43. The human body consists of about 25 billion cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 41
44. Robert Hooke named the small structures he saw “cells” because they reminded him of small
monastery rooms.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 41
45. Cells are the smallest structural units of living things.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 41
46. Ribosomes can be found attached to mitochondria or floating freely in the cytoplasm.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ribosomes
REF: p. 44
47. Ribosomes contain ribose sugar.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ribosomes
REF: p. 53
48. Mucus is an example of a Golgi apparatus product.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Golgi apparatus
REF: p. 46
49. The mitochondria release energy to recharge ATP molecules.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mitochondria
REF: p. 48
50. Lysosomes not only digest microbes but also are involved in the process of “cell suicide”
called apoptosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lysosomes
REF: p. 46
51. Lysosomes are baglike structures that contain digestive enzymes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lysosomes
REF: p. 46
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52. Only about half the population has cells with flagella.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Flagella
REF: p. 47
53. Chromatin contains both protein and DNA.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chromatin and chromosomes
REF: p. 47
54. Chromatin forms during prophase of cell division.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chromatin and chromosomes
REF: p. 47
55. The nucleus is the only organelle in the cell that contains DNA.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mitochondria
REF: p. 46
56. The process by which substances scatter themselves evenly throughout an available space is
called diffusion.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diffusion
REF: p. 48
57. After the process of diffusion establishes equilibrium, no further movement of molecules
occurs.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diffusion
REF: p. 50
58. The process responsible for urine formation in the kidney is called dialysis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Filtration
REF: p. 51
59. Ion pumps are specialized protein structures in the cell membrane.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ion pumps
REF: p. 52
60. In the DNA molecule, the fact that adenine always pairs with thymine is an example of
complementary base pairing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 53
TOP: DNA molecules and genetic information
61. Transcription occurs at the ribosome.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 55
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OBJ: 4
TOP: RNA molecules and protein synthesis
62. Translation occurs at the ribosome.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 55
TOP: RNA molecules and protein synthesis
63. Cells of the human body have a variety of shapes but they are all about the same size.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells—Size and shape
REF: p. 41
64. The dilute fluid that surrounds the outside of the cell is called cytoplasm.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells—Composition
REF: p. 42
65. Like chromosomes, ribosomes are made up mostly of nucleic acids.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 44
66. The function of the endoplasmic reticulum depends on whether it is smooth or rough.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 45
67. In passive transport, material will always move down a concentration or hydrostatic gradient.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Passive transport processes
REF: p. 48
68. Ion pumps require ATP to function.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Active transport processes
REF: p. 52
69. If a molecule contains uracil, it must be RNA.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 55
TOP: RNA molecules and protein synthesis
70. Transfer RNA molecules carry the newly made messenger RNA to the ribosome to begin
protein synthesis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Translation
REF: p. 56
71. Thin, threadlike filaments called microfilaments are part of the cytoskeleton.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cytoplasm
REF: p. 43
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72. Cilia are small, fingerlike projections on the cell membrane that increase surface area and
assist in absorption.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell extensions
REF: p. 46
73. If one side of a DNA molecule has a base sequence of TCA, the other side of the molecule
would have a sequence of AGT.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 53
TOP: DNA molecules and genetic information
74. If one side of a DNA molecule has a base sequence of TCA, the messenger RNA formed from
that sequence would be UGT.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 55
OBJ: 4
TOP: DNA molecules and genetic information RNA molecules and protein synthesis
75. Mitosis results in two new identical cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Results of cell division
REF: p. 56
76. During periods of body growth, mitosis allows groups of cells to differentiate and become
neoplasms.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Results of cell division
REF: p. 58
77. A neoplasm is the result of the body’s loss of control of the process of mitosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Results of cell division
REF: p. 58
78. A neoplasm that is relatively harmless is called malignant.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Results of cell division
REF: p. 58
MATCHING
Match each of the cell structures with its function or description.
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Centriole
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
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i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Cilia
Flagella
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Short, hairlike structures on the free side of some cells
Fluid in the cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
Made of rodlike structures and are important in cell division
“Protein factories” for the cell
A set of membranes that form canals that wind through the cytoplasm
“Digestive bags” of the cell
Long “tail” that propels sperm cells
Made up of phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein molecules
Made of DNA in the nucleus
“Brain” of the cell; controls all the cell’s functions
“Power plant” of the cell
Important in the formation of ribosomes
Flattened sacs that process chemicals
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
I
2
B
2
H
2
C
2
E
2
G
2
J
2
A
2
M
2
K
2
D
2
L
2
F
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
Memorization
Parts of the cell
REF: p. 46
REF: p. 43
REF: p. 46
REF: p. 44
REF: p. 44
REF: p. 46
REF: p. 47
REF: p. 42
REF: p. 47
REF: p. 47
REF: p. 46
REF: p. 47
REF: p. 45
Match the phase of mitosis with an event in that phase.
a. Interphase
b. Prophase
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c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
e. Telophase
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Chromosomes align in the center of the cell.
DNA replicates
Nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes.
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Chromosomes are pulled away from the center of the cell.
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
C
5
A
5
E
5
B
5
D
5
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Cell reproduction and heredity
Memorization
Cell reproduction and heredity
Memorization
Cell reproduction and heredity
Memorization
Cell reproduction and heredity
Memorization
Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: p. 57
REF: p. 56
REF: p. 58
REF: p. 57
REF: pp. 57-58
ESSAY
1. Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 42
OBJ: 1
2. List and give the functions of the organelles of the cell.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: p. 44
OBJ: 2
3. Explain complementary base pairing. Why is this important for DNA replication?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 53-54
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
OBJ: 4
4. Explain the process of transcription.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 55
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
OBJ: 4
5. Explain the process of translation.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 55
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
OBJ: 4
6. List the differences between RNA and DNA.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: pp. 52-54
OBJ: 4
7. Explain what would occur if a cell containing 97% water were placed in a 5% salt solution.
What is this process called?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 50
TOP: Clinical Applications: Tonicity
OBJ: 3
8. Name and describe the phases of mitosis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cell reproduction and heredity
REF: pp. 57-58
OBJ: 5
9. What is a neoplasm? Distinguish between a benign and malignant neoplasm.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Results of cell division
REF: p. 58
OBJ: 5
10. Describe the process of phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Phagocytosis and pinocytosis
REF: p. 52
OBJ: 3
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11. Explain how the DNA code controls the structure and function of cells.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 53
OBJ: 4
TOP: Genetic code
12. List the functions of the plasma membrane of the cell.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parts of the cell
REF: pp. 42-43
OBJ: 1
13. Differentiate between active transport and passive transport and give two examples of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: pp. 48-49
OBJ: 3
TOP: Passive transport processes Active transport processes
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Chapter 04: Tissues
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Stratified squamous tissue is an example of
a. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nervous tissue
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 69
2. Smooth, striated, and cardiac are examples of
a. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nervous tissue
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 77
3. The tissue connected and supported by glia cells is
a. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nervous tissue
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: pp. 78-79
4. Adipose and areolar tissues are examples of
a. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nervous tissue
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: pp. 73-74
5. The ideal body-fat percentage is considered to be
a. 8% to 12% for men and 12% to 15% for women
b. 12% to 18% for men and 25% to 30% for women
c. 12% to 18% for men and 18% to 24% for women
d. 18% to 24% for both men and women
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 77
TOP: Health and Well-Being: Tissues and Fitness
6. What type of tissue is simple columnar tissue?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 71
7. What type of tissue are glia cells?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: pp. 78-79
8. What type of tissue is cardiac tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 77
9. What type of tissue is bone tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 73
10. What type of tissue is blood?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 73
11. What type of tissue is simple squamous tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 69
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12. What type of tissue are neurons?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: pp. 78-79
13. What type of tissue is hematopoietic tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: pp. 73-74
14. What type of tissue is pseudostratified tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 68
15. What is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 73
16. Which tissue covers and lines many parts of the body?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 68
17. Axons and dendrites usually are found in cells of which tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 79
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18. Which tissue specializes in movement of the body?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 68
19. Which tissue forms a continuous sheet of cells with no blood vessels?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 69
20. Cells of which tissue have the ability to shorten?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 77
21. Which tissue contains few cells found in intercellular material called matrix?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 73
22. Which tissue is subdivided according to the shape and the arrangement of cells?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 69
23. Which tissue allows rapid communication between body structures?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 78
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OBJ: 5
TOP: Tissues
24. Glands are usually made up of which tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 68
25. The fluid material found between the cells is called
a. ground substance
b. matrix
c. cytoplasm
d. fiber
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 68
26. Which of these fibers found in the matrix gives the tissues the ability to stretch and rebound
easily?
Collagen
Proteoglycans
Reticular
Elastin
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 68
27. Proteoglycans are commonly found in a tissue’s matrix. Which of the following describes its
function(s)?
a. Linking among cells
b. Absorbing shock
c. Regulation of tissue function
d. Lubrication
e. All of these are functions of proteogylcans
ANS: E
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 68
TRUE/FALSE
1. A flat, scalelike epithelial cell would be called squamous.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 69
2. Stratified squamous epithelial tissue is composed of a single layer of flat, scalelike cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 69
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3. Glia cells are an example of connective tissue.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: pp. 78-79
4. Smooth, striated, and cardiac are examples of muscle tissues.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 78
5. An important part of muscle tissue is the matrix found in between cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 68
6. Both neurons and glia cells make up nervous tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: pp. 78-79
7. Areolar, blood, bone, and cartilage are all examples of connective tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tissues
REF: p. 74
8. Pseudostratified epithelium is two cell layers thick.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pseudostratified epithelium
REF: p. 68
9. Pseudostratified epithelial tissue looks to be two cell layers thick but is actually only one cell
layer thick.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epithelial tissue
REF: p. 68
10. The most abundant tissue in the body is muscle tissue.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue
REF: p. 73
11. The building block of bone tissue is called an osteon.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue
REF: p. 76
12. Hematopoietic tissue is a connective tissue responsible for blood cell formation.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue
REF: p. 76
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13. A nerve cell usually has more axons extending from the cell body than dendrites.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nervous tissue
REF: p. 79
14. To emphasize its location between cells, matrix is also called intracellular matrix.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 68
MATCHING
Match the following tissues with the definition or description.
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Cartilage
c. Areolar tissue
d. Skeletal muscle
e. Pseudostratified epithelial
f. Neurons
g. Hematopoietic tissue
h. Simple columnar epithelium
i. Smooth muscle
j. Bone tissue
k. Adipose tissue
l. Cuboidal epithelial
m. Glia cells
n. Cardiac muscle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Tissue that is also called voluntary muscle tissue
Epithelial cells that are taller than they are wide; contain goblet cells
Tissue with structural building blocks called osteons
Epithelial tissue made up of a single layer of thin, irregularly shaped cells
Tissue that is also called involuntary muscle
Connecting and supporting cells of the nervous system
Tissue made up of cells called chondrocytes
Epithelial tissue that forms tubules or glands
Tissue that is also called loose connective tissue
Cells that are the conducting units of the nervous system
Muscle tissue that makes up the walls of the heart
Epithelial tissue that appears to be two cell layers thick but is really only one layer
Tissue found in red bone cavities and makes blood cells
Fat tissue that stores lipids
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
D
4
H
2
J
3
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Muscle tissue
Memorization
Epithelial tissue
Memorization
Connective Tissue
REF: p. 77
REF: p. 71
REF: p. 76
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4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
A
2
I
4
M
5
B
3
L
2
C
3
F
5
N
4
E
2
G
3
K
3
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Epithelial tissue
Memorization
Muscle tissue
Memorization
Nervous tissue
Memorization
Connective Tissue
Memorization
Epithelial tissue
Memorization
Connective Tissue
Memorization
Nervous tissue
Memorization
Muscle tissue
Memorization
Epithelial tissue
Memorization
Connective Tissue
Memorization
Connective Tissue
REF: p. 69
REF: p. 78
REF: pp. 78-79
REF: p. 76
REF: pp. 70-71
REF: p. 74
REF: pp. 78-79
REF: p. 77
REF: p. 68
REF: p. 76
REF: p. 74
ESSAY
1. Name the four general types of tissues in the body and give two examples of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 68
OBJ: 1
TOP: Tissues
2. How do the fibers in bone matrix differ from the fibers found in tendons and ligaments?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
Bone’s matrix fibers are encrusted with mineral crystals that give the characteristics of
reinforced concrete. The tissue of tendons and ligaments contain twisted fibers that give the
matrix a ropelike quality.
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 75-76
OBJ: 1
TOP: Introduction
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Chapter 05: Organ Systems
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A system is best defined as
a. a group of different types of cells working together to perform a function
b. a group of different tissues working together to perform a function
c. a group of organs working together to perform a function
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 85
2. The integumentary system of the body includes:
a. the skin
b. hair
c. specialized sense organs
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
3. The primary function of the integumentary system is
a. as a sense receptor
b. protection of underlying structures
c. body temperature regulation
d. manufacture of vitamin D
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
4. The accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except
a. teeth
b. hair
c. nails
d. sweat glands
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
5. The skeletal system includes all of the following except
a. bones
b. cartilage
c. tendons
d. ligaments
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal system
REF: p. 87
6. The skeletal system contains about
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a.
b.
c.
d.
157 bones
326 bones
411 bones
206 bones
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal system
REF: p. 86
7. The skeletal system does not
a. provide a rigid framework of support
b. produce blood cells
c. produce vitamin D
d. serve as a storage place for minerals
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal system
REF: p. 86
8. The muscle that makes up the heart is
a. cardiac muscle
b. voluntary muscle
c. involuntary muscle
d. smooth muscle
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscular system
REF: p. 87
9. Voluntary movement occurs when
a. cardiac muscle contracts
b. smooth muscle contracts
c. skeletal muscle contracts
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscular system
REF: p. 87
10. The muscular system functions to
a. provide movement
b. maintain body posture
c. generate heat
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscular system
REF: p. 87
11. The organs of the nervous system include all of the following except
a. the brain
b. nerves
c. the spinal cord
d. all of the above are organs of the nervous system
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nervous system
REF: p. 88
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12. The functions of the nervous system include all of the following except
a. regulation of the immune response
b. integration of body function
c. control of body functions
d. all of the above are functions of the nervous system
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nervous system
REF: p. 88
13. The nervous system performs the same general function as the
a. endocrine system
b. immune system
c. muscular system
d. lymphatic system
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 88
TOP: Endocrine system and Nervous system
14. The glands in the endocrine system are sometimes called
a. exocrine glands
b. digestive glands
c. ductless glands
d. hormones
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
15. The endocrine gland not located in the skull is the
a. pineal gland
b. thymus gland
c. pituitary gland
d. hypothalamus
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
16. The endocrine gland not located in the neck is the
a. thyroid gland
b. thymus gland
c. parathyroid gland
d. all of the above glands are located in the neck
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
17. The endocrine gland not located in the abdomen is
a. the adrenal gland
b. the pancreas
c. the ovaries
d. all of the above glands are located in the abdomen
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 89
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18. The primary function of the cardiovascular system is
a. body temperature regulation
b. transportation of materials
c. regulation of the immune system
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiovascular system
REF: p. 89
19. The lymphatic system includes
a. the heart
b. arteries
c. lymph nodes
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 90
20. The organ that is not part of the lymphatic system is the
a. liver
b. spleen
c. thymus
d. tonsils
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 90
21. Lymph returns to the blood by way of the
a. aorta
b. thoracic duct
c. superior vena cava
d. inferior vena cava
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 90
22. The lymphatic system is not involved in
a. movement of fat-related materials from the digestive system to the blood
b. the functioning of the immune system
c. movement of liquid waste to the kidney
d. all of the above are functions of the lymphatic system
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 90
23. A structure that is not included in the respiratory system is the
a. nose
b. esophagus
c. trachea
d. lungs
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 90
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OBJ: 3
TOP: Respiratory system
24. The tiny, thin-walled sacs in the lungs are called
a. bronchi
b. villi
c. pharynx
d. alveoli
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory system
REF: p. 90
25. The respiratory system does not assist in
a. the regulation of acid-base balance
b. the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
c. moving food to the esophagus
d. all of the above are functions of the respiratory system
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory system
REF: p. 91
26. An organ that is part of the gastrointestinal tract is the
a. stomach
b. liver
c. pancreas
d. all of the above organs are part of the gastrointestinal tract
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Digestive system
REF: p. 91
27. An accessory organ of the digestive system is the
a. stomach
b. small intestine
c. salivary gland
d. all of the above organs are accessory organs of the digestive system
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Digestive system
REF: p. 91
28. Urine is carried from the kidney to the bladder by the
a. ureter
b. urethra
c. bronchiole
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary system
REF: p. 92
29. The urinary system does not
a. clean the blood of metabolic waste products
b. clean the blood of digestive waste products
c. maintain acid-base balance
d. maintain electrolyte balance
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ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary system
REF: p. 92
30. The structure that is part of both the reproductive and urinary systems is the
a. ureter
b. bladder
c. urethra
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 92-93
TOP: Urinary system Reproductive system
31. The gonads of the male reproductive system include the
a. penis
b. testes
c. prostate gland
d. scrotum
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 93
32. An accessory organ of the male reproductive system is the
a. penis
b. testes
c. vas deferens
d. scrotum
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 93
33. The structure in the male reproductive system that produces fluid and nutrients is the
a. prostate gland
b. penis
c. testes
d. scrotum
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 93
34. The gonads for the female reproductive system include the
a. uterus
b. fallopian tubes
c. ovaries
d. vagina
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 94
35. The structure that is not an accessory organ of the female reproductive system is
a. ovaries
b. fallopian tubes
c. mammary glands
d. uterus
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ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 94
36. The smallest structural unit of the body is
a. DNA
b. organelles
c. cells
d. tissues
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organ systems of the body
REF: p. 85
37. The largest structural unit of the body is
a. an organ system
b. an organ
c. tissue
d. cells
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organ systems of the body
REF: p. 85
38. The weight of the skin in most adults is about
a. 5 pounds
b. 10 pounds
c. 20 pounds
d. 40 pounds
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
39. The heaviest organ in the body is the
a. liver
b. skin
c. large intestine
d. heart
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
40. Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular system?
a. Heart
b. Blood vessels
c. Lymph vessels
d. All of the above are part of the cardiovascular system
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiovascular system
REF: p. 89
41. Urine flows through the organs of the urinary system in the following sequence
a. ureter, kidney, bladder, urethra
b. kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra
c. kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter
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d. kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary system
REF: p. 92
42. Organs are to systems as
a. cells are to organs
b. tissues are to organs
c. cells are to systems
d. none of the above
ANS: B
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 85
OBJ: 1
43. Which of the following does not occur when smooth muscle contracts?
a. Walls of blood vessels help maintain blood pressure.
b. Food moves through the digestive tract.
c. Bones of the skeletal system move.
d. All of the above occur when smooth muscle contracts.
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle system
REF: p. 87
44. The main function of the respiratory system, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide,
occurs where?
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory system
REF: pp. 90-91
45. Which of the following glands are not part of the endocrine system?
a. Salivary gland
b. Pituitary gland
c. Thyroid gland
d. Hypothalamus
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: pp. 88-89
46. An organ
a. is composed of two or more kinds of tissues
b. is grouped into systems
c. can perform more complex functions than individual types of tissues
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 85
TRUE/FALSE
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1. An organ is a group of different types of cells that function together to perform a specific
function.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 85
2. A system is a group of organs arranged in such a way that they can perform a more complex
function.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 85
3. The skin is the most important organ of the integumentary system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
4. Hair, nails, and teeth are called accessory structures of the skin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
5. The main function of the skin is to act as a sense organ for the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
6. The main function of the skin is to assist in control of body temperature.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
7. The main function of the skin is protection of the underlying organs.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
8. Bones are the main organs of the skeletal system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal system
REF: p. 86
9. There are over 300 bones in the human body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal system
REF: p. 86
10. There are about 206 bones in the human body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal system
REF: p. 86
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11. Bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage are also included in the skeletal system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal system
REF: p. 87
12. The skeletal system assists in the formation of blood cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal system
REF: p. 87
13. Cardiac muscle is the specialized muscle tissue of the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscular system
REF: p. 87
14. Voluntary muscle is another name for smooth muscle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscular system
REF: p. 87
15. Ligaments attach muscle to bone.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscular system
REF: p. 87
16. One of the functions of the muscular system is the generation of heat.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscular system
REF: p. 87
17. The brain is the only organ of the nervous system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nervous system
REF: p. 88
18. Control of body functions and recognition of sensory stimuli are two functions of the nervous
system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nervous system
REF: p. 88
19. Special signals called nerve impulses are used by the nervous system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nervous system
REF: p. 88
20. In general, the functions of the nervous system result in rapid activity that lasts for a long
time.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nervous system
REF: p. 88
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21. The endocrine system is composed of special glands that release enzymes into the blood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
22. The glands of the endocrine system are sometimes called ductless glands.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
23. The endocrine system provides slower but longer-lasting control when compared to the
nervous system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
24. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland found in the neck.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
25. The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland found in the neck.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
26. The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland found in the skull.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
27. The pancreas is an endocrine gland found in the abdominal cavity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
28. The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiovascular system
REF: p. 89
29. The primary function of the cardiovascular system is the regulation of body temperature.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiovascular system
REF: p. 89
30. The tonsils are part of the lymphatic system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 90
31. Lymph contains both tissue fluid and red blood cells.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 90
32. The thoracic duct helps return lymph to the blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 90
33. The lymphatic system is important in the functioning of the immune system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 90
34. The tiny, thin-walled sacs in the lung are called bronchioles.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory system
REF: p. 90
35. One function of the respiratory system is to assist the body in maintaining acid-base balance.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory system
REF: p. 91
36. The stomach is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Digestive system
REF: p. 91
37. The liver is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Digestive system
REF: p. 91
38. The esophagus is an accessory organ of the digestive system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Digestive system
REF: p. 91
39. The gallbladder is an accessory organ of the digestive system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Digestive system
REF: p. 91
40. The ureter carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary system
REF: p. 92
41. The urinary system plays an important role in water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary system
REF: p. 92
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42. In the male, the ureter is part of both the reproductive and urinary systems.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 92
TOP: Urinary system Reproductive system
43. The gonads in the male are the testes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 93
44. The prostate gland is part of the male genitalia.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 93
45. The vas deferens is classified as an accessory organ of the male reproductive system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 93
46. In the male, the testes produce sperm.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 93
47. The gonads for the female reproductive system are the fallopian tubes.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 94
48. The reproductive organs in the female produce a sex cell called an ovum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 94
49. The uterus is an accessory organ of the female reproductive system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: p. 94
50. Because an organ must contain two or more types of tissue, it follows that a system must
contain two or more types of tissue.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Application
REF: p. 85
OBJ: 1
51. Iron and potassium are two important minerals stored in bone.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal system
REF: p. 87
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52. The muscles found in blood vessel walls, the stomach, and the small intestine are smooth
muscle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscular system
REF: p. 87
53. The nervous system can respond to stimuli such as light and heat.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nervous system
REF: p. 88
54. There are three endocrine glands in the skull.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
55. The endocrine system is the primary regulator of growth, but the nervous system is the
primary regulator of body metabolism.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Endocrine system
REF: p. 88
56. The cardiovascular system and circulatory system refer to the same thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiovascular system
REF: p. 89
57. The thyroid gland is part of both the endocrine and lymphatic systems.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 88
58. Lymph is formed in the bone marrow.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 90
59. Both the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems repeatedly circulate fluid through a closed
system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphatic system
REF: p. 89
60. One function of the alveoli is to filter out dirt and pollen before it reaches the lung.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory system
REF: p. 91
61. The gallbladder is physically attached to the digestive system but has no role in digestion.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Digestive system
REF: p. 91
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62. The sperm and ova are similar in that they both are sex cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 94
TOP: Male and female reproductive systems
63. The organs of the muscle system are unique because they are made of only one type of tissue.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 85
64. A system is one level of organization higher than a tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 85
65. An organ is one level of organization higher than a tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 85
66. One important function of the skin is the synthesis of chemicals.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integumentary system
REF: p. 86
67. A hormone in the endocrine system has a function similar to that of a nerve impulse in the
nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 88
TOP: Nervous system and Endocrine system
OBJ: 4
68. The primary organs of the digestive system are found only in the gastrointestinal tract.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Digestive system
REF: p. 91
MATCHING
Match each system to an important function of the system.
a. Integumentary system
b. Skeletal system
c. Muscular system
d. Nervous system
e. Endocrine system
f. Cardiovascular system
g. Female reproductive system
h. Respiratory system
i. Digestive system
j. Urinary system
k. Male reproductive system
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Absorbs nutrients
Allows the body to move
Protects underlying structures
Produces sperm
Recognizes sensory stimuli
Transports materials to various parts of the body
Makes blood cells and stores minerals
Regulates body function by the release of hormones
Cleans the blood of metabolic waste
Produces ova
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
I
4
C
4
A
4
K
4
D
4
F
4
B
4
E
4
J
4
G
4
H
4
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Digestive system
Memorization
Muscular system
Memorization
Integumentary system
Memorization
Reproductive system
Memorization
Nervous system
Memorization
Cardiovascular system
Memorization
Skeletal system
Memorization
Endocrine system
Memorization
Urinary system
Memorization
Reproductive system
Memorization
Respiratory system
REF: p. 91
REF: p. 87
REF: p. 86
REF: p. 93
REF: p. 88
REF: p. 89
REF: p. 87
REF: p. 88
REF: p. 92
REF: p. 94
REF: p. 91
ESSAY
1. Explain the relationship between organs and systems.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 85
OBJ: 1
TOP: Introduction
2. The regulation of body temperature is a very important function in the body. List the organ
systems that have a role in temperature regulation and explain specifically how they
contribute to it.
ANS:
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(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 86-89
OBJ: 4
TOP: Organ systems of the body
3. The removal of waste products is a very important function in the body. List the organ
systems that have a role in the removal of waste products and explain specifically how they
contribute to it.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 89-91-92 OBJ: 4
TOP: Organ systems of the body
4. List the 11 organ systems discussed in the chapter and provide a major function of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organ systems of the body
REF: p. 95
OBJ: 4
5. Explain the similarity in the function of a nerve impulse and a hormone.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 88
OBJ: 4
TOP: Nervous system and Endocrine system
6. What is unique about the function of the reproductive system?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive system
REF: pp. 92-94
OBJ: 4
7. What is the advantage of having paired organs when one of the organs is all that is needed for
survival?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 96
TOP: Health and Well-Being: Paired Organs
OBJ: 2
8. Chapter 5 lists two organ systems important in the regulation of the acid-base balance. Name
the two organ systems.
ANS:
Respiratory System and Urinary System
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DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 91-92
TOP: Respiratory system and Urinary system
OBJ: 4
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Chapter 06: Skin and Membranes
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Epithelial membranes do not include
a. cutaneous membranes
b. synovial membranes
c. serous membranes
d. mucous membranes
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of body membranes
REF: p. 104
2. An example of a cutaneous membrane would be
a. the lining of the abdomen
b. the covering of the lung
c. skin
d. the lining of a joint
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epithelial membranes
REF: p. 104
3. The membrane lining the interior of the thoracic cavity is called the
a. visceral pleura
b. visceral peritoneum
c. parietal pleura
d. parietal peritoneum
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
4. The membrane covering the organs of the abdomen is called the
a. visceral pleura
b. visceral peritoneum
c. parietal pleura
d. parietal peritoneum
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
5. The membrane covering the lungs is called the
a. visceral pleura
b. visceral peritoneum
c. parietal pleura
d. parietal peritoneum
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
6. The membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity is called the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
visceral pleura
visceral peritoneum
parietal pleura
parietal peritoneum
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
7. Which of the following is not a mucous membrane?
a. Lining of the respiratory tract
b. Lining of the blood vessels
c. Lining of the digestive tract
d. All of the above are examples of mucous membranes
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mucous membranes
REF: p. 105
8. Small sacs lined with synovial fluid in joints are called
a. mucocutaneous sacs
b. parietal sacs
c. visceral sacs
d. bursae
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue membranes
REF: p. 105
9. Which of the following is not a function of the subcutaneous layer of skin?
a. Produces melanin to protect skin from the ultraviolet rays of the sun
b. Stores fat that can be used for food
c. Protects the underlying tissue by acting as a “shock absorber”
d. Helps the body in temperature regulation
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the skin
REF: p. 107
10. The outermost layer of the epidermis is called the
a. dermal papillae
b. stratum germinativum
c. stratum corneum
d. subcutaneous layer
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 107
11. The layer of the epidermis that is constantly undergoing mitosis is called the
a. dermal papillae
b. stratum germinativum
c. stratum corneum
d. subcutaneous layer
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 107
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12. The layer of epidermis that contains cells full of keratin is the
a. dermal papillae
b. stratum germinativum
c. stratum corneum
d. subcutaneous layer
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 107
13. The part of the skin that gives you a unique set of fingerprints is the
a. dermal papillae
b. stratum germinativum
c. stratum corneum
d. subcutaneous layer
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 108
14. The layer that is below the dermis and contains fat and blood vessels is called the
a. dermal papillae
b. stratum germinativum
c. stratum corneum
d. subcutaneous layer
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the skin
REF: pp. 107-108
15. The upper region of the dermis containing parallel rows of tiny bumps is called the
a. dermal papillae
b. stratum germinativum
c. stratum corneum
d. subcutaneous layer
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 108
16. The part of the hair that begins from a small, cap-shaped cluster of cells is called the
a. hair follicle
b. hair shaft
c. hair papilla
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 109
17. The visible part of the hair is called the
a. hair follicle
b. hair shaft
c. hair papilla
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 109
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18. The very fine and soft hair of newborns is called the
a. hair follicle
b. hair shaft
c. hair papilla
d. none of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 108
19. The small muscle attached to the hair is called the
a. hair papilla
b. lanugo
c. arrector pili
d. hair root
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 109
20. The receptor in skin that detects pressure is the
a. Krause end bulb
b. Lamellar corpuscle
c. Meissner corpuscle
d. free nerve endings
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptors
REF: p. 110
21. The root of the nail lies in a groove and is hidden by a fold of skin called the
a. cuticle
b. nail bed
c. lunula
d. nail body
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nails
REF: p. 109
22. The glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion are the
a. sebaceous glands
b. eccrine glands
c. apocrine glands
d. endocrine glands
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
23. The glands of skin that produce oil that lubricates the hair and skin are the
a. sebaceous glands
b. eccrine glands
c. apocrine glands
d. endocrine glands
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 110
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OBJ: 3
TOP: Skin glands
24. The glands of skin that produce a thick secretion are the
a. sebaceous glands
b. eccrine glands
c. apocrine glands
d. endocrine glands
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
25. Which sudoriferous glands are very numerous and found over the total body surface?
a. Sebaceous glands
b. Eccrine glands
c. Apocrine glands
d. Endocrine glands
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
26. Which sudoriferous glands are larger and are found in the axillae and around the genitals?
a. Sebaceous glands
b. Eccrine glands
c. Apocrine glands
d. Endocrine glands
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
27. Which of the following is not a function of skin?
a. Protection
b. Temperature regulation
c. Sense organ for the body
d. All of the above are functions of skin
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the skin
REF: p. 110
28. The “rule of nines”
a. is a method of determining the severity of burns
b. consists of nine areas of the body, each covering about 11% of the body
c. consists of 11 areas of the body, each covering about 9% of the body
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Burns
REF: p. 114
29. A burn involving both the epidermis and the upper layers of the dermis is called a
a. first-degree burn
b. second-degree burn
c. third-degree burn
d. full-thickness burn
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ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Burns
REF: p. 114
30. Which of the following is not an appendage of the integumentary system?
a. Hair
b. Skin
c. Nails
d. All of the above are appendages
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Appendages of the skin
REF: p. 103
31. Which of the following is not a function of a membrane?
a. It covers and protects the body surface.
b. It secretes a fluid that reduces the friction of the beating heart.
c. It lines cavities of the body.
d. All of the above are functions of a membrane.
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of body membranes
REF: p. 103
32. Which of the following is not a function of a membrane?
a. It produces a hormone that regulates growth and development.
b. It covers the inner surface of hollow organs.
c. It anchors organs to each other.
d. All of the above are functions of a membrane.
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of body membranes
REF: p. 103
33. Which of the following is true of the epidermis?
a. It is the outermost layer of skin.
b. It is thicker than the dermis.
c. It is made up of connective tissue.
d. All of the above are true of the epidermis.
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the skin
REF: p. 106
34. Which of the following is true of the dermis?
a. It is the outermost layer of skin.
b. It is thicker than the epidermis.
c. It is made up of epithelial tissue.
d. All of the above are true of the dermis.
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the skin
REF: p. 106
35. Which of the following is not true of keratin?
a. It prevents excessive fluid loss.
b. It fills cells of the stratum corneum.
c. It helps prevent ultraviolet rays from penetrating the interior of the body.
d. All of the above are true of keratin.
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ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 107
36. Burns can be caused by
a. ultraviolet light
b. electrical current
c. fire or hot surfaces
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Burns
REF: p. 113
37. Synovial membranes are found
a. lining the wall of body cavities
b. covering organs such as the lung
c. covering surfaces of the body that open to the exterior
d. lining the spaces between bones and joints that move
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue membranes
REF: p. 105
38. Going from superficial to deep, the layers of the skin would be
a. stratum germinativum, stratum corneum, reticular layer, papillary layer
b. stratum germinativum, stratum corneum, papillary layer, reticular layer
c. stratum corneum, stratum germinativum, papillary layer, reticular layer
d. stratum corneum, stratum germinativum, reticular layer, papillary layer
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Epidermis and dermis
REF: pp. 107-108
OBJ: 2
39. Which of the following is made of connective tissue?
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 106
40. Which of the following contains cells full of keratin?
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 107
41. Which of the following contains collagen and yellow elastic fibers?
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
42.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 108
Which of the following is the outermost layer of skin?
a. Epidermis b. Dermis
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 106
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43. Which of the following is a deeper layer of skin?
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 106
44. Which of the following is composed of epithelial tissue?
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the skin
REF: p. 106
45. Which of the following contains melanocytes?
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin pigment
REF: p. 107
46. Which of the following contains nerves that respond to touch?
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptors
REF: p. 108
47. This type of membrane is composed of only one kind of tissue
a. mucous
b. cutaneous
c. synovial
d. serous
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue membranes
REF: p. 105
48. Pleurisy and peritonitis
a. occur in the chest cavity wall or the lung surface
b. refer to the inflammation of a serous membrane
c. refer to the inflammation of a mucous membrane
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: pp. 104-105
49. Most mucous membranes are composed of
a. pseudostratified epithelium or simple squamous epithelium
b. cuboidal epithelium or stratified squamous epithelium
c. simple columnar epithelium or pseudostratified epithelium
d. stratified squamous epithelium or simple columnar epithelium
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mucous membranes
REF: p. 105
50. Which substance is not found in the reticular layer of the skin?
a. Collagen
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b. Keratin
c. Elastic fibers
d. All of the above are found in the reticular layer
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 108
51. This is not another name for the subcutaneous layer of the skin
a. hypodermis
b. superficial fascia
c. reticular layer
d. all of the above are names for the subcutaneous layer
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Subcutaneous tissue
REF: p. 108
52. The visible part of the nail is called the
a. nail root
b. cuticle
c. lunula
d. nail body
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nails
REF: p. 109
53. The crescent-shaped white area of the nail is known as the
a. nail root
b. cuticle
c. lunula
d. nail body
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nails
REF: p. 109
54. This type of skin cancer can develop from benign pigmented moles
a. Kaposi sarcoma
b. squamous cell carcinoma
c. basal cell carcinoma
d. melanoma
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin cancer
REF: p. 112
55. This type of skin cancer is usually associated with immune deficiencies
a. Kaposi sarcoma
b. squamous cell carcinoma
c. basal cell carcinoma
d. melanoma
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin cancer
REF: p. 112
56. This type of skin cancer is a slow-growing malignant tumor of the epidermis
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Kaposi sarcoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
melanoma
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin cancer
REF: p. 112
57. This type of skin cancer is the most common type and originates at the base of the epidermis
a. Kaposi sarcoma
b. squamous cell carcinoma
c. basal cell carcinoma
d. melanoma
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin cancer
REF: p. 112
TRUE/FALSE
1. Epithelial tissue membranes are made up of only epithelial tissue.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of body membranes
REF: p. 104
2. Connective tissue membranes are made up of only connective tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of body membranes
REF: p. 105
3. The basement membrane portion of an epithelial tissue membrane is made of connective
tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
4. A serous membrane covering the wall of the chest cavity is called the visceral pleura.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
5. A serous membrane covering the organs of the abdominal cavity is called the visceral
peritoneum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
6. A serous membrane covering the wall of the abdominal cavity is called the visceral
peritoneum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
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7. Pleurisy is the inflammation of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: pp. 104-105
8. Serous membranes line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mucous membranes
REF: p. 104
9. The mucocutaneous junction is the area in which skin and mucous membranes meet.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mucous membranes
REF: p. 105
10. Thick synovial fluid lines the digestive system and protects it from physical and chemical
damage.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue membranes
REF: p. 105
11. Synovial membranes line bursae.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue membranes
REF: p. 105
12. Synovial membranes are made of connective tissue with a thin epithelial surface.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue membranes
REF: p. 105
13. Synovial membranes line the spaces between bones and joints.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Connective Tissue membranes
REF: p. 105
14. The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum germinativum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 107
15. The outermost layer of the epidermis contains cells consisting mostly of keratin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 107
16. The stratum corneum is the layer in the epidermis undergoing constant mitosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 107
17. Melanocytes produce the brown pigment melanin.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin pigment
REF: p. 107
18. Exposure to sunlight can increase the production of melanin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin pigment
REF: p. 107
19. If the volume of blood to skin increases, the skin will turn pink, a condition called cyanosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin pigment
REF: p. 107
20. Damage to the dermal-epidermal junction can result in the formation of a blister.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermal-epidermal junction
REF: p. 107
21. Fingerprints come from the layer of the epidermis called the dermal papilla.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 108
22. The subcutaneous layer contains fat that can be used by the body for energy.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the skin
REF: p. 107
23. Both the dermis and epidermis contain layers of tightly packed cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 107
24. As we age, the amount of collagen in skin decreases and the amount of elastic fibers
increases.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 108
25. The soft, fine hair of a newborn is called lanugo.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 108
26. Hair growth begins from a small, cap-shaped cluster of cells called the hair follicle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 109
27. The root of the hair is the visible part of the hair above skin.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 109
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OBJ: 3
TOP: Hair
28. The contraction of the arrector pili causes “goose pimples.”
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 109
29. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin cancer
REF: p. 112
30. Malignant melanoma has been linked to exposure to the ultraviolet radiation of the sun.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin cancer
REF: pp. 112-113
31. The lamellar corpuscle responds to pain.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptors
REF: p. 110
32. The lamellar corpuscle responds to pressure.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptors
REF: p. 110
33. The nail body lies hidden in a skinfold called the cuticle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nails
REF: p. 109
34. The layer of epithelial tissue directly under the nail is called the nail bed.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nails
REF: p. 110
35. The crescent-shaped, white area near the root of the nail is called the lunula.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nails
REF: pp. 109-110
36. Sebaceous glands produce an oil for the skin called sebum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
37. Apocrine glands are distributed over almost the entire body surface.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
38. Eccrine glands produce a watery liquid.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
39. Apocrine glands produce a thicker liquid than do eccrine glands.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
40. Eccrine glands are concentrated in the axillae and the genital area.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
41. Apocrine and sebaceous glands are referred to as sudoriferous glands.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
42. Both melanin and keratin are important in the protective function of skin.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Functions of the skin
REF: p. 111
OBJ: 4
43. Skin helps cool the body by producing sweat that evaporates and by constricting the blood
vessels near the surface of skin.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Functions of the skin
REF: p. 111
OBJ: 4
44. The “rule of nines” is a method of determining the percent of body surface area in a part of the
body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Burns
REF: p. 114
45. The “rule of nines” divides the body into nine areas of 11% each.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Burns
REF: p. 114
46. If a person burned the back of both legs, about 9% of the body would be involved.
ANS: F
TOP: Burns
DIF: Application
REF: p. 114
OBJ: 6
47. If a person burned the front of both arms, about 9% of the body would be involved.
ANS: T
TOP: Burns
DIF: Application
REF: p. 114
OBJ: 6
48. The extra 1% in the “rule of nines” is at the very top of the head.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Burns
REF: p. 114
49. Because a second-degree burn always damages the entire epidermis, it is referred to as a
full-thickness burn.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Burns
REF: pp. 114-115
50. Third-degree burns can damage tissue down to the bone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Burns
REF: p. 115
51. The nails are accessory structures of the integumentary system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Accessory organs
REF: p. 109
52. The skin is an accessory structure of the integumentary system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Accessory organs
REF: p. 106
53. A thin, sheetlike structure in the body can be referred to as a membrane.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of body membranes
REF: p. 103
54. The skin can be considered both a cutaneous membrane and a connective tissue membrane.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cutaneous membrane
REF: p. 106
55. The skin composes about 6% of the body weight.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cutaneous membrane
REF: p. 104
56. The gluelike basement membrane connects the connective tissue membrane to the underlying
structures.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
57. The parietal and visceral pleurae are actually two parts of a single, continuous membrane.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
OBJ: 2
58. A possible serious complication of an infected appendix is pleurisy.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 105
59. Keratin is a tough, waterproof protein that fills cells of the stratum corneum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: p. 107
60. A loss of melanin in the skin leads to a condition called cyanosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin pigment
REF: p. 107
61. The cells of the dermis are more tightly packed than the cells of the epidermis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 107
62. The arrector pili are tiny involuntary muscles in the dermis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 109
63. Eccrine glands reach full functioning before apocrine glands.
ANS: T
TOP: Skin glands
DIF: Application
REF: p. 110
OBJ: 3
64. Pores in the skin are outlets for sebaceous glands.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
65. The terms integument, skin, and cutaneous membrane refer to the same structure.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Epithelial membranes
REF: p. 104
OBJ: 1
66. Serous membranes are made up of columnar epithelial tissue attached to a basement
membrane.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: p. 104
67. Pleurisy and peritonitis are both inflammations of a serous membrane.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Serous membranes
REF: pp. 104-105
68. Mucous membranes are all made of squamous epithelial tissue attached to a basement
membrane.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mucous membranes
REF: p. 105
69. The eyelid is an example of a mucocutaneous junction.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mucous membranes
REF: p. 105
70. In one square inch of skin, there are more oil glands than sweat glands.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The skin
REF: p. 106
71. In one square inch of skin, there are about twice as many pressure sensors as heat sensors.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Skin
REF: p. 106
72. The hypodermis is the layer of the skin found between the epidermis and the dermis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the skin
REF: p. 108
73. Strong, tough collagen fibers can be found in both the dermis and epidermis of the skin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 108
74. Hair in certain parts of the body is stimulated to grow by the presence of hormones.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 109
75. Hair that is frequently cut or shaved will grow in faster and darker than it would if it had not
been cut or shaved frequently.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
REF: p. 109
76. The small pores in the skin of the face can be outlets for either eccrine or apocrine glands.
ANS: T
TOP: Skin glands
DIF: Application
REF: p. 110
OBJ: 3
77. When the body is cold, blood vessels in the skin dilate and allow more blood to come through
to warm up the skin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the skin
REF: p. 111
78. Serous membranes are anchored to the underlying tissue by the lamina propria.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mucous membranes
REF: p. 105
79. The eyelids and lips are examples of a mucocutaneous junction.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mucous membranes
REF: p. 105
80. The superficial fascia is another name for subcutaneous tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Subcutaneous tissue
REF: p. 108
81. In the presence of ultraviolet light, the skin can produce vitamin C.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Synthesis of vitamin D
REF: p. 112
82. The skin helps in the excretion of uric acid and ammonia.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Excretion
REF: p. 111
MATCHING
Match each of the terms or structures with its definition, description, or function.
Keratin
Stratum germinativum
Stratum corneum
Hair papilla
Hair shaft
Lunula
Cuticle
Nail bed
Eccrine gland
Apocrine gland
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Skinfold that covers the root of the nail
Outermost layer of the epidermis
Sweat gland distributed over almost all of the body
Part of the hair visible above the skin
A tough protein that fills the outermost layer of skin cells
Layer of epithelial tissue under the nail
Sweat glands concentrated in the axillae and in the genital area
Layer of the epidermis that undergoes constant mitosis
White, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail
Cap-shaped cluster of cells from which hair growth begins
1. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 109
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OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
3
C
2
I
3
E
3
A
2
H
3
J
3
B
2
F
3
D
3
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Nails
Memorization
Epidermis
Memorization
Skin glands
Memorization
Hair
Memorization
Epidermis
Memorization
Nails
Memorization
Skin glands
Memorization
Epidermis
Memorization
Nails
Memorization
Hair
REF: p. 107
REF: p. 110
REF: p. 109
REF: p. 107
REF: p. 110
REF: p. 110
REF: p. 107
REF: p. 109
REF: p. 109
Match each of the structures or terms with its definition, description, or function.
a. Synovial membrane
b. Parietal membrane
c. Visceral membrane
d. Dermal papilla
e. Arrector pili
f. Epidermis
g. Sebum
h. Free nerve ending
i. “Rule of nines”
j. Lamellar corpuscle
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Structure in the skin that causes “goose pimples”
Membrane that lines the walls of body cavities
Skin receptor that responds to pain
Contains the stratum corneum and stratum germinativum
An oil produced by skin glands
Membrane that lines the joints of the body
A method of determining the percent of body surface area in a part of the body
Membrane that covers the organs of the thoracic or abdominal cavities
Forms the fingerprints on the tips of the fingers
Skin receptor that responds to pressure
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
E
3
B
1
H
3
F
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
Hair
Memorization
Serous membranes
Memorization
Receptors
Memorization
REF: p. 109
REF: p. 104
REF: p. 110
REF: p. 107
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OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
2
G
3
A
1
I
6
C
1
D
2
J
3
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Epidermis
Memorization
Skin glands
Memorization
Connective Tissue membranes
Memorization
Burns
Memorization
Serous
Memorization
Dermis
Memorization
Receptors
REF: p. 110
REF: p. 105
REF: p. 114
REF: p. 104
REF: p. 108
REF: p. 110
ESSAY
1. Name the three types of epithelial membranes and give the location of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epithelial membranes
REF: p. 104
OBJ: 1
2. Explain the difference between an epithelial membrane and synovial membrane.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 104-105 OBJ: 1
TOP: Epithelial membranes and Connective Tissue membranes
3. Name and explain the layers of the epidermis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Epidermis
REF: pp. 106-107
OBJ: 2
4. List the functions of the subcutaneous layer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the skin
REF: p. 107
OBJ: 2
5. People who are albinos do not produce melanin. Explain what problems this might cause.
ANS:
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(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 107
OBJ: 2
TOP: Skin pigment
6. Briefly explain the structure of the dermis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermis
REF: p. 108
OBJ: 2
REF: pp. 108-109
OBJ: 3
REF: pp. 109-110
OBJ: 3
7. Briefly describe the structure of the hair.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hair
8. Briefly describe the structure of the nail.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nails
9. List the receptors in the skin and to what each of them responds.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptors
REF: p. 110
OBJ: 3
10. Differentiate between apocrine and eccrine glands.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 110
OBJ: 3
TOP: Skin glands
11. Explain the function of sebum. What structure in the skin produces sebum?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin glands
REF: p. 110
OBJ: 3
12. Explain how the skin provides protection to the body.
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 111
OBJ: 4
TOP: Functions of the skin
13. Explain how the skin assists the body in temperature regulation.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 111
OBJ: 4
TOP: Functions of the skin
14. If a person burned the front of his chest and abdomen and the front of both arms, about what
percent of his body would be involved in the burn?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 114
OBJ: 6
TOP: Burns
15. If a burn involved only the epidermis, how would that burn be classified?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 114
OBJ: 6
TOP: Burns
16. Name and briefly describe the three types of cancers that affect the skin that were discussed in
Chapter 6.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skin cancer
REF: p. 112
OBJ: 5
17. What is a mucocutaneous junction? Give two examples of a mucocutaneous junction.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mucous membranes
REF: p. 105
OBJ: 1
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Chapter 07: Skeletal System
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The red bone marrow is important in the skeletal function of
a. protection
b. support
c. hematopoiesis
d. storage
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the skeletal system
REF: p. 124
2. Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
a. Movement
b. Calcium storage
c. Blood cell formation
d. All of the above are functions of the skeletal system
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the skeletal system
REF: p. 124
3. The humerus is an example of
a. a short bone
b. a long bone
c. a flat bone
d. an irregular bone
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of bones
REF: p. 124
4. The wrist bone is an example of
a. a short bone
b. a long bone
c. a flat bone
d. an irregular bone
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of bones
REF: p. 124
5. The bones of the spine are examples of
a. a short bone
b. a long bone
c. a flat bone
d. an irregular bone
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of bones
REF: p. 124
6. The hollow shaft of a long bone is called the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
diaphysis
epiphyses
periosteum
endosteum
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 124
7. The thin, fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity is called the
a. diaphysis
b. epiphysis
c. periosteum
d. endosteum
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 125
8. The strong, fibrous membrane covering the shaft of the long bone is called the
a. diaphysis
b. epiphysis
c. periosteum
d. endosteum
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 125
9. The ends of long bones are called the
a. diaphysis
b. epiphysis
c. periosteum
d. endosteum
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 125
10. Trabeculae are
a. needlelike threads of spongy bone
b. the basic structure of cartilage
c. the basic structure of compact bone
d. the basic structure of bone marrow
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
11. Another name for the Haversian system is
a. central canal
b. lacunae
c. canaliculi
d. osteon
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
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12. The bone cells in the Haversian system are found in little spaces called
a. central canal
b. canaliculi
c. lacunae
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
13. Nutrients pass from the blood vessels to the bone cells by way of the
a. central canal
b. canaliculi
c. lacunae
d. lamella
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
14. The bone-forming cells are called
a. osteoclasts
b. osteocytes
c. osteoblasts
d. chondrocytes
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
15. Cartilage cells are called
a. osteoclasts
b. osteocytes
c. osteoblasts
d. chondrocytes
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
16. The bone-resorbing cells are called
a. osteoclasts
b. osteocytes
c. osteoblasts
d. chondrocytes
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
17. As long as this is present in a bone, bone growth can continue.
a. Diaphysis
b. Epiphyseal plate
c. Epiphysis
d. Osteoclasts
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
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18. Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton?
a. Ribs
b. Vertebrae
c. Carpal bone
d. Sternum
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 128
TOP: Appendicular skeleton—Upper extremity
OBJ: 5
19. Which bone is not part of the appendicular skeleton?
a. Humerus
b. Ulna
c. Tibia
d. Hyoid bone
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Divisions of skeleton
REF: p. 128
OBJ: 5
20. Which bone does not contain one of the paranasal sinuses?
a. Mandible
b. Maxillary
c. Frontal
d. Ethmoid
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Axial skeleton—Skull
REF: p. 130
21. The upper jaw bone is called the
a. zygomatic
b. maxilla
c. mandible
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the skull
REF: p. 131
22. The cheekbone is called the
a. zygomatic
b. maxilla
c. mandible
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the skull
REF: p. 131
23. The bone at the back of the skull is called the
a. temporal
b. parietal
c. sphenoid
d. none of the above
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 131
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OBJ: 5
TOP: Bones of the skull
24. The section of the vertebral column that contains the most vertebrae is the
a. cervical section
b. thoracic section
c. lumbar section
d. sacrum section
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the vertebral column
REF: p. 133
25. Ribs that attach individually to the sternum by way of the costal cartilage are
a. true ribs
b. false ribs
c. floating ribs
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thorax
REF: p. 135
26. Ribs that do not attach to costal cartilage at all are
a. true ribs
b. false ribs
c. floating ribs
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thorax
REF: p. 135
27. The two bones of the lower arm are the
a. tibia and fibula
b. femur and humerus
c. ulna and radius
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Upper extremity
REF: p. 136
28. The two bones of the lower leg are the
a. tibia and fibula
b. femur and humerus
c. ulna and radius
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lower extremity
REF: p. 140
29. The phalanges are the bones of the
a. fingers
b. wrists
c. toes
d. both a and c above
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ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 139
TOP: Upper extremity and Lower extremity
30. The metacarpals are the bones of the
a. wrist
b. foot
c. ankle
d. none of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Upper extremity
REF: p. 139
31. The tarsals are the bones of the
a. wrist
b. foot
c. ankle
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lower extremity
REF: p. 140
32. The bone of the thigh is the
a. ulna
b. radius
c. humerus
d. femur
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lower extremity
REF: p. 140
33. A suture is an example of a(n)
a. amphiarthrotic joint
b. synarthrotic joint
c. diarthrotic joint
d. none of the above
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 143
OBJ: 7
REF: p. 145
OBJ: 7
34. The knee is an example of a(n)
a. amphiarthrotic joint
b. synarthrotic joint
c. diarthrotic joint
d. none of the above
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Joints (articulations)
35. The elbow is an example of a(n)
a. amphiarthrotic joint
b. synarthrotic joint
c. diarthrotic joint
d. none of the above
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ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 145
OBJ: 7
36. Which of the following is not a type of bone?
a. Round
b. Flat
c. Long
d. Short
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of bones
REF: p. 124
37. In the adult skeleton, red bone marrow is found in the
a. diaphysis
b. medullary canal
c. epiphysis
d. endosteum
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 124
38. Which of the following statements is true of both bone and cartilage?
a. They both contain more intercellular matrix than cells.
b. Both bone and cartilage cells are supplied with food and oxygen through
canaliculi.
c. Both bone and cartilage cells are located in lacunae.
d. Both a and c are true.
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
39. Which of the following statements is not true of ribs?
a. All ribs attach to vertebrae.
b. All ribs attach to the sternum.
c. There are three pairs of false ribs.
d. All of the above are true of ribs.
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thorax
REF: p. 135
40. The total number of phalanges in the body is
a. 14
b. 28
c. 56
d. 84
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: pp. 138, 140 OBJ: 5
TOP: Bones of the upper extremities, Bones of the lower extremities
41. Which bone is not part of the coxal bone?
a. Sacrum
b. Pubis
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c. Ischium
d. Ilium
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the lower extremities
REF: p. 138
42. Moving from superficial to deep in a bone, the parts of the bone would be encountered in
which sequence?
Periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity
Endosteum, periosteum, medullary cavity
Periosteum, medullary cavity, endosteum
Endosteum, medullary cavity, periosteum
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 124
OBJ: 2
43. The lambdoidal suture is formed by the joining of the
a. occipital bone and the temporal bones
b. temporal bones and the frontal bone
c. parietal bones and the occipital bone
d. parietal bones and the frontal bone
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skull
REF: p. 132
44. Going from superior to inferior, the regions of the spine would be in which order?
a. Cervical, thoracic, sacrum, coccyx, lumbar
b. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
c. Cervical, lumbar, thoracic, coccyx, sacrum
d. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccyx, sacrum
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Spine (vertebral column)
REF: p. 133
OBJ: 5
45. Straightening a bent elbow is
a. flexion
b. rotation
c. abduction
d. extension
e. adduction
f. circumduction
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
46. Moving part of the body away from the midline of the body is
a. flexion
b. rotation
c. abduction
d. extension
e. adduction
f. circumduction
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ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
47. Which of the following reduces the angle of a joint?
a. Flexion
b. Rotation
c. Abduction
d. Extension
e. Adduction
f. Circumduction
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
48. Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder joint is
a. flexion
b. rotation
c. abduction
d. extension
e. adduction
f. circumduction
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
49. Moving part of the body toward the midline of the body is
a. flexion
b. rotation
c. abduction
d. extension
e. adduction
f. circumduction
ANS: E
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
50. Bending the elbow is
a. flexion
b. rotation
c. abduction
d. extension
e. adduction
f. circumduction
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
51. Which of the following increases the angle of a joint?
a. Flexion
b. Rotation
c. Abduction
d. Extension
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e. Adduction
f. Circumduction
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
52. Which of the following spins one bone relative to another?
a. Flexion
b. Rotation
c. Abduction
d. Extension
e. Adduction
f. Circumduction
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
53. The primary organ of the skeletal system is
a. cartilage
b. bone
c. bone and cartilage
d. bone, cartilage, and the joints
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 123
54. Which of the following is not true of calcitonin?
a. It is made in the thyroid gland.
b. It increases blood calcium.
c. It decreases blood calcium.
d. It increases calcium in the bone.
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Storage
REF: p. 124
55. Which of the following is not true of PTH?
a. It is made in the parathyroid gland.
b. It increases blood calcium.
c. It decreases blood calcium.
d. It decreases bone calcium.
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Storage
REF: p. 124
56. A treatment method for osteoporosis, a condition where there is too little calcium in the bone,
might be to
stimulate the release of calcitonin from the parathyroid gland
stimulate the release of PTH from the thyroid gland
stimulate the release of calcitonin from the thyroid gland
none of the above would be a possible method of treatment
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Storage
REF: p. 124
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57. A bone that may develop in a tendon is called a(n)
a. sesamoid bone
b. irregular bone
c. long bone
d. none of the above would develop in a tendon
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of bones
REF: p. 124
58. The diploe
a. is found in the medullary cavity
b. is the outer layer of a long bone
c. is the inner layer of a long bone
d. is the middle layer of a flat bone
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
59.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of flat bones
REF: p. 125
Which of the following is not true of the male skeleton?
a. The bones tend to be larger than the female skeleton.
b. The pelvic opening is wider than the female pelvic opening.
c. The markings on the bones are larger and more distinct than in the female.
d. All of the above are true of the male skeleton.
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal Variations
REF: p. 141
60. Regarding the density of the bone, what occurs after age 50?
a. Bone density often increases slowly.
b. Bone density often decreases slowly.
c. Bone density often decreases but gradually increases.
d. There are no changes that occur.
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal Variations
REF: p. 142
61. A person who works daily with a heavy load on his/her right arm would expect to have
a. less dense bones in the right arm and shoulder
b. denser bones in the left arm and shoulder
c. denser bones in the right arm and shoulder
d. no change in the density of bone in either arm or shoulder
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal Variations
REF: p. 142
TRUE/FALSE
1. The storage of calcium is an important function of the skeletal system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the skeletal system
REF: p. 124
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2. The red bone marrow contributes to the support function of the skeletal system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the skeletal system
REF: p. 124
3. The carpals are an example of short bones.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of bones
REF: p. 124
4. The vertebrae are examples of flat bones.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of bones
REF: p. 124
5. The frontal bone of the skull is an example of an irregular bone.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of bones
REF: p. 124
6. The diaphysis is the hollow shaft of the long bone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 124
7. The articular cartilage covers and cushions the ends of the bones.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 125
8. The periosteum lines the medullary cavity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 125
9. The epiphysis is the hollow area in the shaft of the bone where marrow is stored.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 125
10. The needlelike threads of spongy bone are called trabeculae.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
11. The concentric rings surrounding the central canal of an osteon are called lamella.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
12. Canaliculi are small canals that help supply the bone cells with food and oxygen.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
13. The lacuna is a large canal in the center of the osteon that contains a blood vessel.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
14. Chondrocytes are cartilage cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
15. Osteoclasts are the bone-forming cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
16. Osteoblasts are the bone-resorbing cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
17. Most of the bones of the body begin as cartilage.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
18. As long as the epiphyseal plate remains between the diaphysis and epiphysis, bone growth can
continue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
19. The “soft spots” in a baby’s skull are referred to as fontanels.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skull
REF: p. 129
20. Osteoporosis is a weakening of the bone and occurs most often in women of childbearing age.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 129
TOP: Health and Well-Being: Osteoporosis
21. Vitamin C supplements are sometimes given to women to help prevent osteoporosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 142
TOP: Health and Well-Being: Osteoporosis
22. An improperly treated epiphyseal fracture can result in the affected limb being shorter than
normal.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 129
TOP: Clinical Application: Epiphyseal Fracture
23. The bones of the middle ear are part of the axial skeleton.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skull
REF: p. 129
24. There are more bones in the axial skeleton than in the appendicular skeleton.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Main parts of the skeleton
REF: p. 131
25. The occipital bone is the bone in the back of the skull.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the skull
REF: p. 131
26. The maxilla is the bone of the lower jaw.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the skull
REF: p. 131
27. The zygomatic bone is the cheekbone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the skull
REF: p. 131
28. Going from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vertebrae is cervical, thoracic, lumbar,
coccyx, and sacrum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spine (vertebral column)
REF: p. 133
29. The curves of the spine are important in supporting the weight of the rest of the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spine (vertebral column)
REF: p. 135
30. The ribs that individually attach to a costal cartilage and then to the sternum are called true
ribs.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thorax
REF: p. 135
31. The last two sets of ribs that are only attached to the vertebrae are called false ribs.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thorax
REF: p. 135
32. The sternum is also called the breastbone.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thorax
REF: p. 135
33. The scapula and clavicle make up the pectoral girdle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Upper extremity
REF: p. 136
34. The tibia and fibula are the bones of the lower arm.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Upper extremity
REF: p. 140
35. The femur is the bone of the thigh.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lower extremity
REF: p. 140
36. The phalanges are the bones of the fingers and toes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Upper extremity | Lower extremity
REF: p. 140
37. The tibia and fibula are bones of the lower leg.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lower extremity
REF: p. 140
38. The carpals are the bones of the hand.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Upper extremity
REF: p. 140
39. The tarsals are the bones of the ankle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 140
TOP: Lower extremity | Bones of the lower extremities
40. The patella is another term for the kneecap.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lower extremity
REF: p. 140
41. The olecranon process is another term for the elbow.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the upper extremities
REF: p. 138
42. The metacarpals are the bones of the foot.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Upper extremity
REF: p. 138
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43. One of the main differences between the male skeleton and female skeleton is the shape of the
pelvis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal Variations
REF: p. 141
44. A joint with only slight movement is called a diarthrotic joint.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 143
45. A joint with no movement is called a synarthrotic joint.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 143
46. A diarthrotic joint is a freely moving joint.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 143
47. The sutures of the skull are synarthrotic joints.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 143
48. The knee is an amphiarthrotic joint.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 143
49. The hip is a diarthrotic joint.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 145
50. A ligament is a band of connective tissue that holds two bones together.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 145
51. The hinge joint provides the widest range of motion for the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 145
52. To increase the angle of a joint is the definition of flexion.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
53. To increase the angle of a joint is the definition of extension.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
54. To move a part of the body away from the midline is called adduction.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
55. To move a part of the body toward the midline is called adduction.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
56. The word “articulation” is another word for joint.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 143
57. The interaction between muscle and bone allows the body to move.
ANS: T
TOP: Movement
DIF: Application
REF: p. 124
OBJ: 1
58. The function of hematopoiesis is accomplished in the osteon of the bone.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hemopoiesis
REF: p. 124
59. In the adult skeleton, the function of hematopoiesis occurs in the medullary canal.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 125
OBJ: 2
60. Between the two diaphyses of a long bone is the epiphysis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 125
61. The endosteum is more interior (deep) than the periosteum.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 124
OBJ: 2
62. Both bone and cartilage are examples of connective tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
63. The central canal of the osteon is also called the medullary cavity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
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64. The terms osteon and Haversian system refer to the same structure.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
65. Osteocytes can be found in the lacunae of the osteon.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
66. Like bone cells, cartilage cells are located in lacunae.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
67. Canaliculi supply food and oxygen to cartilage cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
68. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts do opposite functions in the bone.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
OBJ: 4
69. The skull is formed by endochondral ossification.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
70. When fontanels fuse, they form sutures.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skull
REF: p. 131
71. The spine has three curves: two convex and one concave.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spine (vertebral column)
REF: p. 135
72. Because the last two sets of ribs are not attached to any other bones in the body, they are
called floating ribs.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thorax
REF: p. 135
73. Only the true ribs attach to the sternum by the costal cartilage.
ANS: F
TOP: Thorax
DIF: Application
REF: p. 135
OBJ: 5
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74. The olecranon process of the humerus and the olecranon fossa of the ulna make up the
structure of the elbow.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the upper extremities
REF: p. 136
75. The indentation in the femur where the patella or kneecap fits is called the acetabulum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lower extremity
REF: p. 138
76. Bones are the primary organ of the skeletal system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 123
77. Bones are the only major structure in the body that is not considered living.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 123
78. The articular cartilage covers and protects the diaphysis of the long bones.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: p. 125
79. The calcified rings of compact bone are called canaliculi.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
80. The curves of the spine in the cervical and lumbar regions are the convex curves of the spine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spine (vertebral column)
REF: p. 135
81. The head of the femur fits into a deep, cup-shaped socket in the coxal bone called the
acetabulum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lower extremity
REF: p. 138
82. The incus is a bone found in the skull.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bones of the skull
REF: p. 131
83. Calcitonin increases the mineralization of bone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Storage
REF: p. 124
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84. Parathyroid hormone decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Storage
REF: p. 124
85. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin have opposite effects on the concentration of calcium in
the blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Storage
REF: p. 124
86. In a flat bone, the compact layer of bone on either side of the spongy layer of bone is called
the diploe.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of flat bones
REF: p. 125
87. One of the differences between bone and cartilage is that in cartilage the matrix is more
gel-like than the calcified matrix of bone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
88. Trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
89. The body has 20 phalanges; 10 on the hands and 10 on the feet.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 138, 140
TOP: Upper extremity and Lower extremity
90. A bursa is a shock-absorbing pocket of fluid found in some joints.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Joints (articulations)
REF: p. 145
91. The human skeleton is considered to reach its mature state around the age of 35.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Skeletal Variations
REF: p. 142
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with the correct definition, description, or function.
a. Diaphysis
i. Lacuna
j. Epiphyseal plate
b. Epiphyses
c. Periosteum
k. Diarthrotic
l. Hematopoiesis
d. Endosteum
e. Medullary cavity
m. Synarthrotic
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f. Osteoclast
g. Osteoblast
h. Canaliculi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
n. Articulations
o. Amphiarthrotic
Bone-forming cells
Hollow shaft of the long bone
A bone can grow as long as this remains
Thin layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary canal
Small canals that carry nutrients to bone cells
Tough connective tissue surrounding the shaft of long bones
Hollow part of the bone where marrow is stored
Bone-resorbing cells
Small spaces in the bone matrix where bone cells are located
Ends of long bones
Type of joint that allows no movement
Refers to the process of blood cell formation
Type of joint that allows for free movement
Another term for joints
Type of joint that allows for slight, limited movement
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
G
4
A
2
J
4
D
2
H
3
C
2
E
2
F
4
I
3
B
2
M
7
L
1
K
7
N
1
O
7
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
REF:
Bone formation and growth
Memorization
REF:
Structure of long bones
Memorization
REF:
Bone formation and growth
Memorization
REF:
Structure of long bones
Memorization
REF:
Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
Memorization
REF:
Structure of long bones
Memorization
REF:
Structure of long bones
Memorization
REF:
Bone formation and growth
Memorization
REF:
Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
Memorization
REF:
Structure of long bones
Memorization
REF:
Kinds of joints
Memorization
REF:
Functions of the skeletal system
Memorization
REF:
Kinds of joints
Memorization
REF:
Introduction
Memorization
REF:
Kinds of joints
p. 127
p. 124
p. 127
p. 125
p. 125
p. 125
p. 125
p. 127
p. 125
p. 125
p. 143
p. 124
p. 143
p. 143
p. 143
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Match each bone with its description or location.
h. Metatarsals
Femur
i. Patella
Humerus
j. Ribs
Ulna
k. Phalanges
Fibula
l. Sternum
Zygomatic bone
m. Stapes
Mandible
Carpals
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Cheekbone
Bone of the thigh
Bones of the wrist
Can be true, false, or floating
One of the bones of the lower leg
Bone of the upper arm
Kneecap
One of the bones of the lower arm
Bone of the lower jaw
Bones of the foot
One of the bones of the middle ear
Bones of the fingers and toes
Breast bone to which the ribs attach
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
E
5
A
5
G
5
J
5
D
5
B
5
I
5
C
5
F
5
H
5
M
5
K
5
L
5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 131
TOP: Bones of the skull
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 140
TOP: Bones of the lower extremities
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 138
TOP: Bones of the upper extremities
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 136
TOP: Thorax
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 140
TOP: Bones of the lower extremities
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 138
TOP: Bones of the upper extremities
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 140
TOP: Bones of the lower extremities
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 138
TOP: Bones of the upper extremities
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 131
TOP: Bones of the skull
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 140
TOP: Bones of the lower extremities
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 131
TOP: Bones of the skull
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 138, 140
TOP: Bones of the upper extremities | Bones of the lower extremities
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 136
TOP: Thorax
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Match each type of joint movement with its definition or description.
d. Rotation
e. Abduction
f. Extension
a. Adduction
b. Flexion
c. Circumduction
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Reduction of the angle of a joint
Moves a limb toward the midline of the body
Moves the distal end of a bone in a circle
Increases the angle of a joint
Spins one bone relative to another
Moves a limb away from the midline of the body
29. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
30.
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
B
7
A
7
C
7
F
7
D
7
E
7
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Types of joint movements
Memorization
Types of joint movements
Memorization
Types of joint movements
Memorization
Types of joint movements
Memorization
Types of joint movements
Memorization
Types of joint movements
REF: p. 146
REF: p. 146
REF: p. 146
REF: p. 146
REF: p. 146
REF: p. 146
Match the gender with its appropriate skeletal variation description.
a. Male
b. Female
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Wide pelvic opening
Skeleton is larger with more distinct bumps and other markings
Coxal bones form a narrower structure
Pelvis is shaped more like a funnel than a broad, shallow basin
Angle at the front of the pelvis is wide
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
B
6
A
6
A
6
A
6
B
6
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Skeletal Variation
Memorization
Skeletal Variation
Memorization
Skeletal Variation
Memorization
Skeletal Variation
Memorization
Skeletal Variation
REF: p. 141
REF: p. 141
REF: p. 141
REF: p. 141
REF: p. 141
ESSAY
1. Name and explain the functions of the skeletal system.
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the skeletal system
REF: p. 124
OBJ: 1
2. Name the types of bone described in the text and give an example of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of bones
REF: p. 124
OBJ: 1
3. List and briefly explain the structures of the long bone.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of long bones
REF: pp. 124-125
OBJ: 2
4. Describe the structure of the osteon.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 125
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
OBJ: 3
5. Bone heals well, yet cartilage does not heal well at all. Based on the microscopic structure of
each, explain why this is the case.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 125
OBJ: 3
TOP: Microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
6. What is osteoporosis? How can it be prevented or treated?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 129
TOP: Health and Well-Being: Osteoporosis
OBJ: 4
7. Explain the function of the following cells: osteoblast, osteoclasts, and epiphyseal plates.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bone formation and growth
REF: p. 127
OBJ: 4
8. A boy in his late teens who was 5 feet, 1 inch tall wanted to be given growth hormone. The
doctor took x rays of his skeleton and found that there were no epiphyseal plates in his long
bones. What should he tell the boy about his request for growth hormone? Explain your
answer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 127
OBJ: 4
TOP: Bone formation and growth
9. What important function explains the biggest difference between the male skeleton and female
skeleton?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 141
OBJ: 6
TOP: Skeletal Variations
10. Name the types of joints in the body and give an example of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 143-145
OBJ: 7
TOP: Joints (articulations)
11. Pick a limb of the body, either an arm or leg, and name the bones in that limb, starting
proximally and moving distally.
ANS:
Either: Humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges OR Femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals,
metatarsals, phalanges
DIF: Application REF: pp. 138, 140 OBJ: 5
TOP: Upper extremity and Lower extremity
12. Where are the hormones calcitonin and parathyroid hormone made? What is the effect of each
hormone on the concentration of calcium in the blood and the mineralization of bone?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Storage
REF: p. 124
OBJ: 1
13. Describe the structure of flat bones.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of flat bones
REF: p. 125
OBJ: 1
14. Explain where the curves of the spine are located and what impact the curves have on the
functions of the spine.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spine (vertebral column)
REF: p. 135
OBJ: 5
REF: pp. 135-136
OBJ: 5
15. Name and describe the types of ribs.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thorax
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Chapter 08: Muscular System
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Striations are found in
a. smooth muscle
b. skeletal muscle
c. cardiac muscle
d. both b and c
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
OBJ: 1
2. Intercalated disks are found in
a. smooth muscle
b. skeletal muscle
c. cardiac muscle
d. voluntary muscle
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
3. Another name for smooth muscle is
a. cardiac muscle
b. visceral muscle
c. voluntary muscle
d. skeletal muscle
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
4. Another name for skeletal muscle is
a. cardiac muscle
b. visceral muscle
c. voluntary muscle
d. involuntary muscle
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
5. The muscle attachment to the more movable bone is called the
a. origin
b. insertion
c. tendon
d. bursae
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
6. The muscle attachment to the more stationary bone is called the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
origin
insertion
tendon
bursae
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
7. The connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is called
a. origin
b. insertion
c. tendon
d. bursae
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
8. A fluid-filled sac that acts as a lubricating structure for muscle movement is a(n)
a. origin
b. insertion
c. tendon
d. bursae
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: pp. 156-157
9. If an injury caused damage to the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle (the anterior muscle
of the upper arm), the injury would be nearest
the shoulder
the middle of the upper arm
the elbow
none of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: pp. 159-160
OBJ: 1
10. The thin myofilament of the skeletal muscles is made of
a. sarcomere
b. actin
c. myosin
d. Z lines
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
11. The thick myofilament of the skeletal muscles is made of
a. sarcomere
b. actin
c. myosin
d. Z lines
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
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12. The basic contractile unit of a skeletal muscle is the
a. sarcomere
b. actin
c. myosin
d. Z lines
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
13. When a muscle contraction occurs
a. the actin gets shorter
b. the myosin gets shorter
c. the Z lines are pulled closer together
d. both a and b
ANS: C
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
OBJ: 2
14. According to the sliding filament model, in order for a sarcomere to contract
a. bridges must form between the actin and myosin
b. calcium must be released from the endoplasmic reticulum
c. adenosine triphosphate (ATP) must be broken down for energy
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
15. To produce smooth movement at a joint
a. the prime mover and antagonists must contract
b. the antagonist and synergists must contract
c. the prime mover and synergists must contract
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Movement
REF: p. 159
16. Tonic contractions
a. move a muscle through a full range of motion
b. do not shorten the muscle
c. are important in maintaining posture
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Posture
REF: p. 160
17. The point of contact between the nerve and the muscle fibers it stimulates is called a
a. motor unit
b. neuromuscular junction
c. motor neuron
d. neurotransmitter
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 161
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Motor unit
18. A single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates is called a
a. motor unit
b. neuromuscular junction
c. neurotransmitter
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Motor unit
REF: p. 161
19. The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called
a. a threshold stimulus
b. the all-or-none law
c. twitch contraction
d. tetanic contraction
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle stimulus
REF: p. 161
20. When a muscle fiber is subjected to a stimulus, it contracts completely. This is called
a. threshold stimulus
b. the all-or-none-law
c. twitch contraction
d. tetanic contraction
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle stimulus
REF: p. 161
21. What allows you to lift different weights with the same muscle is the
a. difference in the threshold stimulus
b. number of motor units used by the muscle
c. all-or-none law
d. isometric contraction of the muscle fibers
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Muscle stimulus
REF: p. 161
OBJ: 3
22. The muscle contracts and shortens and the insertion end moves toward the point of origin.
This sentence describes
twitch contractions
tetanic contractions
isotonic contractions
isometric contractions
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Isotonic contraction
REF: p. 162
23. The muscle contracts but does not shorten, even though an increase in muscle tension does
occur. This sentence describes
a. twitch contractions
b. tetanic contractions
c. isotonic contractions
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d. isometric contractions
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Isometric contraction
REF: p. 162
24. Strength training leads to
a. an increased number of myofilaments
b. an increased number of muscle fibers
c. muscle atrophy
d. both a and b above
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles
25. Endurance training leads to
a. an increased number of myofilaments
b. an increased number of muscle fibers
c. an increased number of blood vessels to the muscle
d. muscle atrophy
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles
26. Which of the following muscles is not a muscle of the head and neck?
a. Frontal
b. Masseter
c. Latissimus dorsi
d. Zygomaticus
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the head and neck
REF: p. 169
27. Which of the following muscles is not a muscle that moves the upper extremities?
a. Biceps brachii
b. Triceps brachii
c. Latissimus dorsi
d. Rectus abdominis
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 169
TOP: Muscles that move the upper extremities
28. Which of the following muscles is not a muscle of the trunk?
a. Rectus abdominis
b. Iliopsoas
c. Internal oblique
d. External oblique
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the trunk
REF: p. 169
29. Which of the following muscles is not a muscle that moves the lower extremities?
a. Sartorius
b. Trapezius
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c. Iliopsoas
d. Gracilis
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 169
TOP: Muscles that move the lower extremities
30. The term that refers to ankle and foot movement is
a. supination
b. pronation
c. dorsiflexion
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 165
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
31. The movement that is opposite dorsiflexion is
a. supination
b. pronation
c. rotation
d. plantar flexion
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 165
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
32. Movement around a longitudinal axis is
a. supination
b. rotation
c. dorsiflexion
d. pronation
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 164
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
33. Moving a part of the body away from the midline of the body is called
a. adduction
b. abduction
c. rotation
d. pronation
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 164
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
34. Moving a part of the body toward the midline of the body is called
a. adduction
b. abduction
c. rotation
d. pronation
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 164
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
35. The hand position when the body is in anatomical position is
a. dorsiflexion
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b. pronation
c. supination
d. plantar flexion
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 164
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
36. The opposite movement of rotation is
a. flexion
b. abduction
c. pronation
d. none of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 164
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
37. A bursae is a saclike structure that is filled with
a. blood
b. synovial fluid
c. blood plasma
d. lymph
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of skeletal muscle
REF: pp. 156-157
38. If a prime mover flexes a joint
a. the synergist will extend the joint
b. the synergist and antagonist will extend the joint
c. the antagonist will extend the joint
d. the antagonist will assist in flexing the joint
ANS: C
TOP: Movement
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 159
OBJ: 1
39. What part of the body does the pectoralis major move?
a. Head and neck
b. Upper extremities
c. Trunk of the body
d. Lower extremities
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 169
TOP: Muscles that move the upper extremities
40. What part of the body does the external oblique move?
a. Head and neck
b. Upper extremities
c. Trunk of the body
d. Lower extremities
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the trunk
REF: p. 169
41. What part of the body does the masseter move?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Head and neck
Upper extremities
Trunk of the body
Lower extremities
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the head and neck
REF: p. 169
42. What part of the body does the sartorius move?
a. Head and neck
b. Upper extremities
c. Trunk of the body
d. Lower extremities
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 168
TOP: Muscles that move the lower extremities
43. What part of the body does the zygomaticus move?
a. Head and neck
b. Upper extremities
c. Trunk of the body
d. Lower extremities
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the head and neck
REF: p. 169
44. What part of the body does the sternocleidomastoid move?
a. Head and neck
b. Upper extremities
c. Trunk of the body
d. Lower extremities
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the head and neck
REF: p. 169
45. What part of the body does the deltoid move?
a. Head and neck
b. Upper extremities
c. Trunk of the body
d. Lower extremities
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 169
TOP: Muscles that move the upper extremities
46. What part of the body does the biceps femoris move?
a. Head and neck
b. Upper extremities
c. Trunk of the body
d. Lower extremities
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 171
TOP: Muscles that move the lower extremities
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47. What part of the body does the rectus abdominis move?
a. Head and neck
b. Upper extremities
c. Trunk of the body
d. Lower extremities
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the trunk
REF: p. 169
48. What part of the body does the gastrocnemius move?
a. Head and neck
b. Upper extremities
c. Trunk of the body
d. Lower extremities
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 171
TOP: Muscles that move the lower extremities
49. If you weigh 120 pounds, your skeletal muscles weigh about
a. 50 pounds
b. 60 pounds
c. 70 pounds
d. 40 pounds
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 155
50. Groups of muscle fibers are called
a. microfilaments
b. fascia
c. fascicles
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
51. The loose connective tissue outside the muscle organs that forms a flexible, sticky “packing
material” between the muscles, bone, and skin is called
a. microfilaments
b. fascia
c. fascicles
d. tendons
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
52. When calcium is released into the sarcomere
a. it attaches to the myosin heads
b. acts as a crossbridge between actin and myosin
c. stimulates an ATP molecule to release energy
d. removes the blocking protein from the actin
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 157
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
53. Tension during muscle lengthening is often called
a. isotonic contractions
b. isometric contractions
c. eccentric contractions
d. antagonist contractions
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of skeletal contractions
REF: p. 159
54. Which of the following systems do not play a role in body movement?
a. Nervous system
b. Respiratory system
c. Circulatory system
d. All of the above systems play a role in body movements
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 161
TOP: Role of other body systems in movement
55. This is a quick, jerky response to a stimulus seen in isolated muscles but is not important in
normal muscle activity
twitch contraction
tetanic contraction
isometric contraction
isotonic contraction
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Twitch and tetanic contractions
REF: p. 161
TRUE/FALSE
1. Skeletal muscle is also called striated muscle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
2. Smooth muscle is also called voluntary muscle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
3. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
4. Like skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles have striations.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
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5. Like skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles have intercalated disks.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
6. Involuntary muscles are also called visceral muscles.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
7. Tendons anchor muscles to bones.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
8. The insertion of a muscle is on the more stationary bone.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
9. The origin of a muscle is on the more movable bone.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 159
10. The origin of a muscle is on the more stationary bone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 159
11. Bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that lie between some tendons and bones.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
12. The thin myofilament in a muscle fiber is made of actin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
13. The thick myofilament in a muscle fiber is made of actin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
14. The basic contractile unit of a muscle is called a sarcomere.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
15. Z lines mark the ends of individual sarcomeres.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 157
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
16. In order for the necessary bridges to form, potassium must be released from the endoplasmic
reticulum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
17. In the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, bridges are formed between the myosin
and actin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
18. Energy for muscle contraction is provided when ATP is broken down.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
19. In order for movement to take place, when the prime mover contracts, the synergist must
relax.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Movement
REF: p. 159
20. In order for movement to take place, the antagonists must do the opposite of the prime mover.
ANS: T
TOP: Movement
DIF: Application
REF: p. 159
OBJ: 2
21. Tonic contractions provide rapid movement for skeletal muscles.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Posture
REF: p. 160
22. Good posture can be defined as holding the body parts in the position that favors best
function.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Posture
REF: p. 160
23. The production of heat is a function of the muscular system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heat production
REF: p. 160
24. Hypothermia refers to a dangerous elevation in body temperature.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heat production
REF: p. 160
25. The breakdown of ATP is the energy source that helps supply heat to the body.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heat production
REF: p. 160
26. During strenuous exercise, the muscles’ use of oxygen and nutrients can outstrip the blood’s
ability to supply them.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fatigue
REF: pp. 160-161
27. When muscles must use energy release that does not require oxygen, the waste product
ascorbic acid is produced, which can cause soreness in the muscle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fatigue
REF: p. 161
28. The term oxygen debt describes the continued increased metabolism that must occur in a cell
to remove the excess acid that accumulates during prolonged exercise.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fatigue
REF: p. 161
29. The respiratory and nervous systems, in addition to the muscular system, play important roles
in body movement.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 161
TOP: Role of other body systems in movement
30. A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates are called a neuromuscular junction.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Motor unit
REF: p. 161
31. A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates are called a motor unit.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Motor unit
REF: p. 161
32. The point of contact between the nerve and muscle is called a motor unit.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Motor unit
REF: p. 161
33. The minimum level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract is called the
threshold stimulus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle stimulus
REF: p. 161
34. When a muscle fiber is exposed to a greater-than-threshold stimulus, it contracts completely.
This is called an all-or-none response.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle stimulus
REF: p. 161
35. All motor units in a given muscle have the same threshold stimulus.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Muscle stimulus
REF: p. 161
OBJ: 3
36. The lifting of a 10-lb weight requires the activation of fewer motor units than the lifting of a
5-lb weight.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Muscle stimulus
REF: p. 161
OBJ: 3
37. Twitch contractions play an important role in normal muscle activity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Twitch and tetanic contractions
REF: p. 161
38. Lifting your textbook off the desk is an example of an isotonic muscle contraction.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Isotonic contraction
REF: p. 162
OBJ: 3
39. Trying to lift a car (and failing) is an example of an isotonic muscle contraction.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Isometric contraction
REF: p. 162
OBJ: 3
40. In an isometric contraction, no movement occurs but the muscle tension increases.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Isometric contraction
REF: p. 163
41. Prolonged inactivity in a muscle can result in disuse hypertrophy.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles
42. Strength training results in an increase in the number of muscle fibers.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles
43. Strength training results in an increase in the number of myofilaments in each muscle fiber.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles
44. Endurance training causes muscle hypertrophy.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles
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45. Endurance training increases the blood flow to a muscle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles
46. Tenosynovitis in the wrist can cause carpal tunnel syndrome.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 166
TOP: Clinical Application: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
47. The contraction of the biceps brachii muscle causes flexion of the elbow joint.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 169
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
OBJ: 5
48. Dorsiflexion allows you to stand on your toes.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 165
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
OBJ: 5
49. Raising your arm laterally away from your body is an example of adduction.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 164
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
OBJ: 5
50. In the anatomical position, the hands are supinated.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 164-165
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
51. Movement of your hand from a supinated to pronated position requires rotation of the
forearm.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 164
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
OBJ: 5
52. Most anabolic steroids are made of synthetic testosterone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Enhancing Muscle Strength
53. Research has shown that anabolic steroids do not increase muscle size and strength.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Enhancing Muscle Strength
54. Research has shown that prolonged use of anabolic steroids can have severe, even
life-threatening, consequences.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Enhancing Muscle Strength
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55. The overuse of vitamins can cause a serious health problem called hypervitaminosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Enhancing Muscle Strength
56. Skeletal muscle cells contain more than one nucleus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 159
57. All muscles specialize in contraction or shortening.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 155
58. Bursae and tendon sheaths have the same function.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 157
59. The pull of gravity assists the muscles in maintaining body posture.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Posture
REF: p. 160
60. When stimulated, the entire muscle follows the all-or-none law.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle stimulus
REF: p. 161
61. Both tonic and isotonic contractions cause movement of a joint.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Isotonic contraction
REF: pp. 161-162
OBJ: 3
62. Another name for aerobic training is strength training.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 163
TOP: Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles
63. If you weigh 120 pounds, you have about 50 pounds of skeletal muscles.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 155
64. A fascicle is the loose connective tissue that forms the “packing material” between muscles,
bone, and skin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
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65. Fascicles are groups of muscle fibers.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
66. Each shaftlike actin fiber has a “head” that sticks out toward the myosin fiber.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
67. The main function of calcium when it is released into the sarcomere is to assist ATP in energy
release.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
68. The main function of calcium when it is released into the sarcomere is to free the binding
protein form the actin and allow it to bind with myosin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
69. Skeletal muscles contain a substance called myoglobin that helps store oxygen.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
REF: p. 157
70. Tension during muscle lengthening is often called a tonic contraction.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of skeletal contractions
REF: p. 159
71. The zygomaticus is sometimes called the “kissing muscle.”
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the head and neck
REF: p. 169
72. Neither the intercostal muscles nor the diaphragm can be seen from outside the body.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Muscles of the trunk
REF: p. 169
OBJ: 6
73. There are three muscles that make up the hamstring muscles.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 171
TOP: Muscles that move the lower extremities
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with its definition or explanation.
a. Skeletal muscle
b. Smooth muscle
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c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Origin
Insertion
Actin
Myosin
Motor unit
Neuromuscular junction
Isotonic
Isometric
Protein that makes the thin myofilament
Another name for voluntary muscle
Type of muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens and the joint moves
Point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber
Attachment point to the bone that moves during muscle contraction
Another name for visceral muscle
Protein that makes up the thick myofilament
Attachment point to the bone that is stationary during contraction
Muscle contraction in which the muscle tenses but does not shorten
Single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
E
2
A
1
I
3
H
2
D
1
B
1
F
2
C
1
J
3
G
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Microscopic structure
Memorization
Muscle tissue
Memorization
Isotonic contraction
Memorization
Motor unit
Memorization
Structure of skeletal muscle
Memorization
Muscle tissue
Memorization
Microscopic structure
Memorization
Structure of skeletal muscle
Memorization
Isometric contraction
Memorization
Motor unit
REF: p. 157
REF: p. 159
REF: p. 162
REF: p. 161
REF: p. 156
REF: p. 156
REF: p. 157
REF: p. 162
REF: p. 163
REF: p. 161
Match the muscles of the head and neck with their function.
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Sternocleidomastoid
Masseter
Frontal
Zygomaticus
Trapezius
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
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11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Rotates and flexes the head and neck
Closes the jaw
Extends the head and neck
Raises eyebrows
Closes eyes
Elevates corners of the mouth and lips
Draws lips together
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
C
6
D
6
G
6
E
6
B
6
F
6
A
6
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
Match the muscles that move the upper extremities and the muscles of the trunk with their
function.
a. Latissimus dorsi
b. Deltoid
c. Triceps brachii
d. Pectoralis major
e. Biceps brachii
f. Rectus abdominis
g. External oblique
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Extends elbow
Abducts upper arm
Flexes trunk
Flexes and helps adduct upper arm
Extends and helps adduct upper arm
Compresses abdomen
Flexes elbow
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
C
6
B
6
F
6
D
6
A
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
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OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
6
G
6
E
6
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF: p. 168
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF: p. 168
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Match the muscles that move the lower extremity with their function.
a. Tibialis anterior
b. Iliopsoas
c. Gastrocnemius
d. Sartorius
e. Adductor group
f. Hamstring group
g. Gluteus maximus
h. Quadriceps group
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Plantar flexes the ankle
Flexes thigh or trunk
Extends knee
Flexes knee
Flexes thigh and rotates lower leg
Dorsiflexes the ankle
Adducts thigh
Extends thigh
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
C
6
B
6
H
6
F
6
D
6
A
6
E
6
G
6
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
Memorization
REF:
Table 7-1—Principal muscles of the body
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
p. 168
Match the body movement term with its definition.
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Supination
Pronation
Dorsiflexion
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
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h. Plantar flexion
i. Inversion
j. Eversion
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
The top of the foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward
Makes the angle between the two bones at the joint smaller
Turns the ankle so the bottom of the foot faces toward the midline of the body
Results in the hand position with the palm turned toward the anterior position
Moving part of the body toward the midline of the body
Turns the ankle so the bottom of the foot faces toward the lateral side of the body
Makes the angle between the two bones at a joint larger
Results in the hand position with the palm turned toward the posterior position
Moving part of the body away from the midline of the body
The bottom of the foot is directed downward so you are standing on your toes
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
40. ANS:
OBJ:
41. ANS:
OBJ:
42. ANS:
OBJ:
G
5
A
5
I
5
E
5
D
5
J
5
B
5
F
5
C
5
H
5
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
Memorization
Movements produced by skeletal
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
REF: p. 165
muscle contractions
ESSAY
1. Name and give the location of the three types of muscle tissue.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle tissue
REF: p. 156
OBJ: 1
2. Differentiate between the origin and insertion of a muscle.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscle organs
REF: p. 156
OBJ: 1
3. Using the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, explain fully how a muscle contracts.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 156
TOP: Microscopic structure and function
OBJ: 2
4. In the flexion of the elbow, which muscle group functions as the prime mover, a synergist,
and an antagonist?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 160
OBJ: 1
TOP: Movement
5. Explain how a muscle becomes fatigued. What is the oxygen debt and how is it repaid?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 161
OBJ: 2
TOP: Fatigue
6. What is the all-or-none response? If the all-or-none response occurs in muscle cells, explain
what occurs differently in a muscle when you lift a 5-lb weight and a 50-lb weight.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 161
OBJ: 2
TOP: Muscle stimulus, Motor unit
7. Explain the difference between an isotonic and isometric muscle contraction.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 162-163
TOP: Isotonic contraction, Isometric contraction
OBJ: 3
8. For what type of sport would endurance training be best? For what type of sport would
strength training be best? Explain your answers.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 163
OBJ: 4
TOP: Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles
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9. Explain carpal tunnel syndrome. What is a possible cure?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 166
TOP: Clinical Application: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
OBJ: 5
10. Describe a movement that would be an example of each of the following: flexion, extension,
abduction, rotation, and plantar flexion.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 164-165
TOP: Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions
OBJ: 5
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Chapter 09: Nervous System
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the
a. central and sympathetic
b. sympathetic and parasympathetic
c. peripheral and central
d. peripheral and autonomic
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 179
TOP: Organs and divisions of the nervous system
2. The two types of cells found in the nervous system are
a. motor neurons and sensory neurons
b. neurons and glia cells
c. glia cells and astrocytes
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells of the nervous system
REF: p. 180
3. The part of the neuron that carries impulses to the neuron cell body is the
a. dendrite
b. axon
c. neurolemma
d. node of Ranvier
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 180
4. The part of the neuron that carries impulses away from the neuron cell body is the
a. dendrite
b. axon
c. neurolemma
d. node of Ranvier
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 180
5. The types of neurons that carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord are called
a. motor neurons
b. sensory neurons
c. efferent neurons
d. both b and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
6. The types of neurons that carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord are called
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a.
b.
c.
d.
motor neurons
sensory neurons
efferent neurons
both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
7. Interneurons connect
a. efferent neurons to motor neurons
b. afferent neurons to sensory neurons
c. central neurons to afferent neurons
d. none of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
8. Cells that produce myelin for the cells of the brain and spinal cord are the
a. Schwann cells
b. microglia
c. astrocytes
d. oligodendrocytes
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
REF: p. 181
9. Cells that are important in the blood-brain barrier are the
a. Schwann cells
b. microglia
c. astrocytes
d. oligodendrocytes
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
REF: p. 181
10. Cells that produce myelin for cells outside the brain and spinal cord are the
a. Schwann cells
b. microglia
c. astrocytes
d. oligodendrocytes
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 182
11. Glia cells that act as microbe-eating cells are the
a. Schwann cells
b. microglia
c. astrocytes
d. oligodendrocytes
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
REF: p. 181
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12. The tough fibrous sheath covering the whole nerve is called the
a. perineurium
b. fascicles
c. epineurium
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 182
13. Reflexes can be
a. a single neuron
b. two neurons
c. three neurons
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
REF: p. 183
14. A synapse is
a. a gap between neurons
b. crossed by a chemical
c. separates the axon end of one neuron from the dendrite of the next
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
REF: p. 183
15. The difference between a three- and a two-neuron reflex is that a three-neuron reflex
a. passes through the dorsal root ganglion
b. includes an efferent neuron
c. includes an interneuron
d. includes an afferent neuron
ANS: C
TOP: Reflex arcs
DIF: Application
REF: p. 183
OBJ: 3
16. The resting neuron
a. has a slight negative charge on the exterior
b. has a slight positive charge on the exterior
c. has an excess of sodium inside the cell
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
REF: p. 184
17. When a section of the resting neuron is stimulated
a. sodium ions rush into the cell
b. sodium ions rush out of the cell
c. the interior of the cell becomes slightly positive
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
REF: pp. 184-185
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18. When the nerve impulse encounters a myelin-covered section of neuron
a. it moves more slowly than it would in nonmyelinated sections
b. it stops
c. it jumps over the myelin
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
REF: p. 185
19. A synapse includes
a. a very narrow synaptic cleft
b. a presynaptic neuron with neurotransmitter receptor sites on its membrane
c. a postsynaptic neuron that releases the neurotransmitter
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
REF: p. 187
20. Neurotransmitters
a. are released by the postsynaptic neuron
b. are distributed randomly throughout the nervous system
c. can diffuse back into the synaptic knob
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
REF: p. 187
21. The brainstem includes the
a. medulla oblongata, pons, and thalamus
b. medulla oblongata, midbrain, and hypothalamus
c. pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata
d. medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Divisions of the brain
REF: p. 188
22. The “vital centers” (the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers) are located in the
a. pons
b. midbrain
c. thalamus
d. medulla oblongata
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Brainstem
REF: p. 188
23. The association of sensation with emotion occurs in the
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. medulla oblongata
d. cerebellum
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 190
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OBJ: 5
TOP: Diencephalon
24. The regulation of the sleep cycle, water balance, and the production of antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) occurs in the
hypothalamus
thalamus
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
25. The coordination of muscle movement and the maintenance of equilibrium occur in the
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. medulla oblongata
d. cerebellum
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebellum
REF: p. 189
26. Which of the following neurotransmitter is a catecholamine?
a. Acetylcholine
b. Enkephalin
c. Endorphin
d. Dopamine
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
REF: p. 187
27. The right and left sides of the cerebrum are connected by the
a. corpus callosum
b. sulcus
c. gyrus
d. basal ganglia
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
REF: p. 190
28. A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurring in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum would
affect
the ability to speak
motor coordination
vision
memory
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
TOP: Cerebrum
DIF: Application
REF: p. 192
OBJ: 5
29. The ridges in the cerebrum are called
a. sulci
b. gyri
c. corpus callosum
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d. cerebral nuclei
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
REF: p. 190
30. The functions of the spinal cord include
a. the primary reflex center
b. carrying motor impulses to the brain
c. carrying sensory impulses away from the brain
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal cord—Functions
REF: p. 193
31. The tough outer layer of meninges is called the
a. pia mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. dura mater
d. ventricles
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 194
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
32. The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the central
nervous system to
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
glandular tissue
all of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
33.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic nervous system
REF: p. 202
Which axon releases norepinephrine?
a. A sympathetic preganglionic axon
b. A sympathetic postganglionic axon
c. A parasympathetic preganglionic axon
d. A parasympathetic postganglionic axon
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic neurotransmitters
REF: p. 202
34. The parasympathetic nervous system
a. is also called the thoracolumbar system
b. is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response
c. releases acetylcholine from its postganglionic axons
d. has neurons that enter the sympathetic chain ganglion
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parasympathetic nervous system
REF: p. 202
35. The sympathetic nervous system
a. is called the thoracolumbar system
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b. releases norepinephrine from its preganglionic axon
c. is called the craniosacral system
d. both a and b above
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic nervous system
REF: p. 201
36. The axon of an afferent neuron could synapse with
a. a sense organ
b. a muscle cell
c. an interneuron
d. a gland
ANS: C
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Application
REF: p. 181
OBJ: 2
37. An axon of an efferent neuron could synapse with
a. an interneuron
b. a sense organ
c. a muscle cell
d. either b or c above
ANS: C
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Application
REF: p. 181
OBJ: 2
38. An efferent neuron carries impulses in the direction opposite that of
a. a motor neuron
b. a sensory neuron
c. an afferent neuron
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
39. Going from the interior to the exterior of a nerve, the layers of connective tissue would be
a. perineurium, epineurium, and fascicle
b. endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium
c. epineurium, perineurium, and fascicle
d. epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 182
40. Which of the following is a morphinelike neurotransmitter that acts as a natural pain killer?
a. Endorphin
b. Acetylcholine
c. Dopamine
d. Epinephrine
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
REF: p. 187
41. Which structure is part of the diencephalon?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Midbrain
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
All of the above are part of the diencephalon
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
42. Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?
a. Helps maintain body temperature
b. Associates sensation with emotion
c. Helps regulate water balance
d. All of the above are functions of the thalamus
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thalamus
REF: p. 190
43. The lobe of the brain that deals with vision is the
a. frontal lobe
b. parietal lobe
c. occipital lobe
d. temporal lobe
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
REF: p. 192
44. The lobe of the brain that contains the auditory area is the
a. frontal lobe
b. parietal lobe
c. occipital lobe
d. temporal lobe
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
REF: p. 192
45. The somatic nervous system controls actions of
a. skeletal muscles
b. smooth muscles
c. glandular epithelial tissue
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic nervous system
REF: p. 199
46. A group of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is called a
a. synapse
b. ganglion
c. tract
d. plexus
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
REF: p. 183
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47. Which nervous system makes up part of the autonomic nervous system?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic nervous system
REF: p. 199
48. Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine as part of which nervous system?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic neurotransmitters
REF: p. 202
49. Which is also called the thoracolumbar nervous system?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 201
TOP: Sympathetic nervous system—Structure
50. In which nervous system does the synapse between the preganglionic and postganglionic
neurons usually occur some distance away from the spinal cord?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 201-202
TOP: Parasympathetic nervous system—Structure
51. As part of which nervous system do preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic
neurons going to many different efferent organs?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 201
TOP: Sympathetic nervous system—Structure
52. As part of which nervous system do preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic neurotransmitters
REF: p. 202
53. Which nervous system dominates the control of effector organs under normal, everyday
conditions?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
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b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 202
TOP: Functions of the parasympathetic nervous system
54. In which nervous system does the synapse of the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
usually occur close to the spinal cord?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 201
TOP: Sympathetic nervous system—Structure
55. As part of which nervous system do postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic neurotransmitters
REF: p. 202
56. Which nervous system is also called the craniosacral nervous system?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 201
TOP: Parasympathetic nervous system—Structure
57. The nervous system and this are the two body-wide communication systems.
a. Blood
b. Lymph
c. Endocrine
d. Cardiovascular system composed of both blood and the lymphatic system
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 179
58. Which of the following is not considered part of the nervous system as a whole?
a. The brain
b. The spinal cord
c. The eyes
d. All of the above are considered part of the nervous system as a whole
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 179
TOP: Organs and divisions of the nervous system
59. These types of neurons are sometimes called connecting neurons
a. sensory neurons
b. interneurons
c. afferent neurons
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d. motor neurons
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
60. Indentations between adjacent Schwann cells are called
a. the nodes of Ranvier
b. the myelin sheath
c. the neurolemma
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 180
61. The word glia comes from the Greek word meaning
a. found in the brain
b. glue
c. helper
d. protector
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
REF: p. 181
62. A glioma is
a. a type of tumor
b. a glia cell that forms the blood-brain barrier
c. a glia cell that form a myelin substance in the central nervous system
d. a glia cell that kills microorganisms
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
REF: p. 181
63. Myelinated bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called
a. gray matter
b. tracts
c. white matter
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 182
64. A nerve is
a. a long individual axon
b. a group of axons
c. a group of cell bodies
d. a group of dendrites
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 182
65. A nerve impulse is also called a(n)
a. reflex
b. sensation
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c. action potential
d. both b and c
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
REF: p. 182
66. Which of the following is not true of the cerebellum?
a. It is the second largest part of the brain.
b. It lies under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.
c. It has gray matter tracts in its interior called the arbor vitae.
d. All of the above are true of the cerebellum.
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
REF: p. 188
67. This neurotransmitter is not a catecholamine
a. dopamine
b. acetylcholine
c. serotonin
d. all of the above neurotransmitters are catecholamines
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
REF: p. 187
68. Some of the neurons in this structure function as endocrine glands
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. cerebellum
d. medulla oblongata
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
69. In the cerebrum, the islands of gray matter within the white matter are called the
a. cerebral basal nuclei
b. cerebral cortex
c. basal ganglia
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
REF: p. 191
70. The innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the
a. dura mater
b. pia mater
c. arachnoid mater
d. cerebral mater
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 194
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
71. The middle membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the
a. dura mater
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b. pia mater
c. arachnoid mater
d. cerebral mater
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 194
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
72. The total number of pairs of both spinal and cranial nerves is
a. 31
b. 12
c. 43
d. 56
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial nerves, Spinal nerves
REF: p. 197
TRUE/FALSE
1. One of the differences between how the endocrine system and nervous system control body
functions is the more rapid communication of the nervous system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 179
2. There are two types of cells in the nervous system: neurons and glia cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells of the nervous system
REF: p. 180
3. An axon transmits impulses toward the cell body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
4. Neurons can be classified based on the direction in which they transmit impulses.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
5. Motor neurons conduct impulses toward the central nervous system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
6. Sensory neurons are also called efferent neurons.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
7. One of the most common types of brain tumors develops from glia cells.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 181
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Neurons
8. Astrocytes produce myelin for the cells of the central nervous system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
REF: p. 181
9. Microglia help protect the brain by eating microbes that may enter the brain.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
10.
REF: p. 180
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 182
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 182
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 182
Two neuron reflexes contain an interneuron and a motor neuron.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
17.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
The tough outer fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve is called the endoneurium.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
16.
REF: p. 182
Perineurium surrounds fascicle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
15.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
One of the differences between white matter and gray matter is that gray matter has a myelin
sheath.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
14.
REF: p. 181
Nodes of Ranvier are indentations between Schwann cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
13.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
Schwann cells produce myelin for neurons outside the central nervous system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
12.
REF: p. 181
Oligodendrocytes are important in the formation of the blood-brain barrier.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
11.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
REF: p. 184
A ganglion is a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
REF: p. 183
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18.
The difference between a two- and three-neuron reflex is the presence of an interneuron.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
19.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
REF: pp. 184-185
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
REF: p. 185
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
REF: p. 185
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
REF: p. 187
The synaptic knob contains and releases neurotransmitters.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
28.
REF: pp. 184-185
The synaptic knob is on the postsynaptic neuron.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
27.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
Saltatory conduction tends to be slower then nonsaltatory nerve conduction.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
26.
REF: p. 184
Saltatory conduction occurs when a nerve impulse jumps over the myelin sheath of an axon.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
25.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
When a resting neuron is stimulated, sodium ions rush into the cell, causing the interior to
become negatively charged.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
24.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 184
TOP: Clinical Application: Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
In the resting neuron, there is an excess of sodium ions on the interior of the cell.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
23.
REF: p. 184
Each resting neuron has a slight positive charge on the outside.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
22.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
Multiple sclerosis is a disorder caused by injury or death to the oligodendrocytes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
21.
REF: pp. 183-184
All interneurons are found in the central nervous system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
20.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
REF: p. 187
Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the presynaptic neuron.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 4
29.
REF: p. 188
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Brainstem
REF: p. 188
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
The thalamus plays an important role in associating sensations with emotions.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
38.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Divisions of the brain
The hypothalamus plays an important part in the arousal or alerting mechanism in the brain.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
37.
REF: p. 187
The hypothalamus secretes ADH into the blood to help control water balance.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
36.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
The hypothalamus is important in regulation of body temperature.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
35.
REF: p. 187
Many of the “vital centers” are located in the brainstem.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
34.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
The brainstem consists of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
33.
REF: p. 187
Dopamine and serotonin are neurotransmitters that can act as natural pain killers.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
32.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
Acetylcholine is an example of a catecholamine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
31.
REF: p. 187
Neurotransmitter activity is terminated when it is transported back into the synaptic knob.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
30.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
The cerebellum helps in muscle coordination and equilibrium.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebellum
REF: p. 189
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39.
The ridges in the cerebrum are called sulci.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
40.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 192
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Parkinson Disease
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 192
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Parkinson Disease
When a neuron depolarizes, the interior becomes more positive.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Nerve impulses
45.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
REF: p. 192
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
REF: p. 192
Your spinal cord begins at the base of the skull and ends at the second sacral vertebrae.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
48.
OBJ: 4
The visual association area is in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
47.
REF: p. 185
The primary auditory area is in the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
46.
REF: p. 190
Injections of dopamine have been used successfully to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s
disease.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
44.
REF: p. 190
Parkinson’s disease results from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
43.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
The corpus callosum allows the right and left sides of the brain to communicate with each
other.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
42.
REF: p. 190
The deepest grooves in the cerebrum are called fissures.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
41.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal cord—Structure
REF: p. 193
The spinal cord functions as the primary reflex center for the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal cord—Functions
REF: p. 193
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49.
The pia mater is the tough outermost layer of meninges.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
50.
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is filtered out of the blood in the choroid plexus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
51.
REF: p. 199
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic nervous system
REF: p. 199
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 201
TOP: Sympathetic nervous system—Structure
Preganglionic axons of the sympathetic nervous system enter the sympathetic chain ganglion.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
58.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal nerves
The sympathetic nervous system is also called the craniosacral nervous system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
57.
REF: p. 197
The autonomic nervous system conducts impulses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and
skeletal muscle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
56.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial nerves
The skin surface area that is supplied by a single cranial nerve is called a dermatome.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
55.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 197
TOP: Cranial nerves Spinal nerves—Structure
Most of the cranial nerves come from the brainstem.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
54.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 197
TOP: Clinical Application: Lumbar Puncture
The peripheral nervous system consists of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal
nerves and all of their branches.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
53.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 194
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
A lumbar puncture can be safely done at T4 because the spinal cord is very deep there.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
52.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 194
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 201
TOP: Sympathetic nervous system—Structure
Preganglionic axons of the sympathetic nervous system release norepinephrine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic neurotransmitters
REF: p. 202
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59.
The sympathetic nervous system regulates the “fight-or-flight” response.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
60.
The parasympathetic nervous system is also called the thoracolumbar system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
61.
REF: p. 202
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic neurotransmitters
REF: p. 202
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 202
TOP: Functions of the parasympathetic nervous system
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 179
TOP: Organs and divisions of the nervous system
One of the divisions of the central nervous system is the autonomic nervous system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
68.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic neurotransmitters
The eyes and ears are considered organs of the nervous system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
67.
REF: p. 202
In normal, everyday conditions, the parasympathetic nervous system dominates control over
many visceral effectors.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
66.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic neurotransmitters
Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release norepinephrine.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
65.
REF: pp. 201-202
Postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release norepinephrine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
64.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic neurotransmitters
Preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release norepinephrine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
63.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 201
TOP: Parasympathetic nervous system—Structure
Postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system have short axons.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
62.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 204
TOP: Functions of the sympathetic nervous system
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 179
TOP: Organs and divisions of the nervous system
A nerve cell and a neuron are the same thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cells of the nervous system
REF: p. 180
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69.
Only myelinated fibers can have nodes of Ranvier.
ANS: T
TOP: Neurons
70.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
REF: p. 183
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
REF: p. 185
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released in the neuromuscular junction.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 187
OBJ: 4
The midbrain is an enlarged upward extension of the spinal cord just inside the cranial cavity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
78.
OBJ: 3
Saltatory conduction occurs only in myelinated neurons.
ANS: T
TOP: The synapse
77.
REF: p. 182
A ganglion is a group of cell bodies located in the central nervous system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
76.
REF: pp. 181-182
The terms nerve and neuron mean the same thing.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
75.
REF: p. 180
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Nerves and tracts
74.
REF: p. 180
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells have the same function but in different parts of the
nervous system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
73.
OBJ: 2
The presence of a neurilemma is necessary for the repair of an injured neuron.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
72.
REF: p. 180
Myelinated fibers have dendrites of the neuron surrounded by Schwann cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
71.
DIF: Application
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Brainstem
REF: p. 188
The hypothalamus releases chemicals that stimulate the release of hormones by the posterior
pituitary gland.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
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79.
Islands of gray matter in the white matter of the cerebrum are called basal ganglia.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
80.
REF: p. 197
DIF: Application
REF: p. 197
OBJ: 1
DIF: Application
REF: p. 180
OBJ: 2
White matter in the central nervous system has only axons, not dendrites of cell bodies.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
88.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal nerves—Structure
Only nonmyelinated axons can have a neurilemma.
ANS: F
TOP: Neurons
87.
REF: p. 197
The autonomic nervous system is more likely to stimulate a smooth muscle than a voluntary
muscle.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
86.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal nerves—Structure
A skin surface area supplied by a single spinal nerve is called a plexus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
85.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 196
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
A plexus allows the fibers from several spinal nerves to reorganize into a single peripheral
nerve.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
84.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 194
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
A blockage of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid can result in a condition called hydrocephalus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
83.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 194
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid is returned to the blood by being absorbed in the choroid plexus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
82.
REF: p. 191
The dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid are layers of the meninges.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
81.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 182
Gray matter can be made up of axons, dendrites, or cell bodies.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 184
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89.
The knee-jerk reflex uses one more neuron than does the withdrawal reflex.
ANS: F
TOP: Reflex arcs
90.
REF: p. 179
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 179
TOP: Organs and divisions of the nervous system
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 180
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflex arcs
REF: p. 185
The nerve impulse can only travel in one direction.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
98.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
Another name for a nerve impulse is a saltatory conduction.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
97.
REF: p. 197
Dendrites carry nerve impulses toward the cell body of the neuron.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
96.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial nerves
The main part of the neuron is the cell body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
95.
REF: p. 190
The autonomic nervous system is a subdivision of the central nervous system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
94.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
The two systems involved in body-wide communications are the nervous system and the
circulatory system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
93.
OBJ: 3
There are 24 cranial nerves.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
92.
REF: p. 183
Fissures in the central nervous system are the same as gyri, except they are deeper.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
91.
DIF: Application
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
REF: p. 185
Unlike other neurotransmitters, nitric oxide passed directly through the plasma membrane
rather than being released by vesicles.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The synapse
REF: p. 187
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99.
The brainstem is the second largest part of the brain.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
100.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal cord
REF: p. 193
The middle layer of meninges is called the arachnoid mater.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
104.
REF: p. 188
Spinal tracts are made up of gray matter in the spinal cord.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
103.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebellum
The pineal gland releases a “timekeeping hormone” called calcitonin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
102.
REF: p. 188
The white tracts in the cerebellum form a treelike structure called the arbor vitae.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
101.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebellum
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 194
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
The limbic system of the cerebral cortex is also called the emotional brain.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 202
TOP: Autonomic nervous system as a whole
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with its correct definition or description.
Dendrite
Axon
Astrocyte
Microglia
Schwann cell
Interneuron
Synaptic Knob
Serotonin
Synaptic cleft
Enkephalins
Oligodendrocyte
Afferent neuron
Saltatory conduction
Efferent neurons
Cell body
Neurotransmitter
Nodes of Ranvier
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Part of the axon that releases neurotransmitters
Highly branched part of the neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body
Microbe eaters in the brain
Connects sensory and motor neurons in a reflex arc
Small space between the end of one axon and the next neuron
Neurotransmitter that is a catecholamine
Part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body
Cells that produce myelin for cells in the peripheral nervous system
Cells that function in the blood-brain barrier
Neurotransmitter that functions as a natural pain killer
Main part of the neuron
Type of nerve impulse that jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next
Type of neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the central nervous system
Glia cell that produces myelin for the central nervous system
Type of neuron that carries nerve impulses toward the central nervous system
Carries a nerve impulse across a synapse
Indentations in between Schwann cells
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
G
4
A
2
D
2
F
3
I
4
H
4
B
2
E
2
C
2
J
4
O
2
M
4
N
2
K
2
L
2
P
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
The synapse
Memorization
Neurons
Memorization
Glia
Memorization
Reflex arcs
Memorization
The synapse
Memorization
The synapse
Memorization
Neurons
Memorization
Glia
Memorization
Glia
Memorization
The synapse
Memorization
Neurons
Memorization
Nerve impulses
Memorization
Neurons
Memorization
Glia
Memorization
Neurons
Memorization
REF: p. 187
REF: p. 180
REF: p. 181
REF: p. 184
REF: p. 187
REF: p. 187
REF: p. 181
REF: p. 180
REF: p. 181
REF: p. 187
REF: p. 180
REF: p. 185
REF: p. 181
REF: p. 181
REF: p. 181
REF: p. 187
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OBJ: 4
17. ANS: Q
OBJ: 2
TOP: The synapse
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 180
Match each of the terms with its function or description.
Brainstem
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Gyrus
Sulcus
Corpus callosum
Spinal cord
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Corpus callosum
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Structure that controls balance and muscle coordination
Structure that contains the “vital centers” for the body
Structure that allows the right and left sides of the brain to communicate
Shallow groove in the cerebrum
Primary reflex center for the body
Structure that regulates body temperature and produces ADH
Ridge in the cerebrum
Structure that links sensation with emotion and is part of the alerting mechanism for the brain
Lobe of the cerebrum that interprets incoming auditory impulses as sound
Lobe of the cerebrum that deals with vision
Group of nerves that connect the right and left sides of the brain
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
D
5
A
5
G
5
F
5
H
5
B
5
E
5
C
5
J
5
I
5
K
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
Cerebellum
Memorization
Brainstem
Memorization
Cerebrum
Memorization
Cerebrum
Memorization
Spinal cord—Functions
Memorization
Diencephalon
Memorization
Cerebrum
Memorization
Diencephalon
Memorization
Cerebrum
Memorization
Cerebrum
Memorization
REF: p. 189
REF: p. 188
REF: p. 190
REF: p. 190
REF: p. 193
REF: p. 190
REF: p. 190
REF: p. 190
REF: p. 192
REF: p. 192
REF: p. 190
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OBJ: 5
TOP: Cerebrum
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
Pia mater
Dura mater
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Arachnoid mater
Dermatome
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Skin surface that is supplied by a single spinal nerve
Outermost and toughest of the meninges
31 pairs of these make up part of the peripheral nervous system
“Cobweb”-like part of the meninges
Regulates the “fight-or-flight” response
Thin innermost layer of the meninges
12 pairs of these make up part of the peripheral nervous system
Neurotransmitter that is released from the postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic
nervous system
37. Sometimes called the craniosacral nervous system
38. Neurotransmitter that is released from the postganglionic axon or the sympathetic nervous
system
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
F
6
B
5
D
6
E
5
H
7
A
5
C
6
I
7
G
7
J
7
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
REF: p. 199
Spinal nerves—Functions
Memorization
REF: p. 194
Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
Memorization
REF: p. 197
Spinal nerves—Structure
Memorization
REF: p. 194
Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
Memorization
REF: p. 201
Functions of the sympathetic nervous system
Memorization
REF: p. 194
Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
Memorization
REF: p. 197
Cranial nerves
Memorization
REF: p. 202
Autonomic neurotransmitters
Memorization
REF: p. 201
Parasympathetic nervous system—Structure
Memorization
REF: p. 202
Autonomic neurotransmitters
Match the cranial nerve with its function.
a. Olfactory
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b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Optic
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
Shoulder movement and turning movement of the head
Eye movement
Sense of smell
Sense of taste, contraction of muscles of facial expression
Tongue movements
Sense of vision
Sensations of face, scalp, and teeth; chewing movements
Hearing and sense of balance
Sensations of throat, taste, swallowing movements, secretion of saliva
Sensations of throat and larynx and of thoracic and abdominal organs; swallowing, voice
production, slowing of heartbeat, acceleration of peristalsis
39. ANS:
OBJ:
40. ANS:
OBJ:
41. ANS:
OBJ:
42. ANS:
OBJ:
43. ANS:
OBJ:
44. ANS:
OBJ:
45. ANS:
OBJ:
46. ANS:
OBJ:
47. ANS:
OBJ:
48. ANS:
OBJ:
I
6
C
6
A
6
E
6
J
6
B
6
D
6
F
6
G
6
H
6
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
Memorization
Table 8-2—Cranial Nerves
REF: p. 198
REF: p. 198
REF: p. 198
REF: p. 198
REF: p. 198
REF: p. 198
REF: p. 198
REF: p. 198
REF: p. 198
REF: p. 198
ESSAY
1. Name and explain the function of the parts of the neuron.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: pp. 180-181
OBJ: 2
2. Name and give the function of the three types of glia cells.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glia
REF: pp. 181-182
OBJ: 2
3. Describe, in terms of the neurons involved, how a tap on the knee causes the knee to jerk
forward. Explain it as if it were both a two- and three-neuron reflex.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 183
OBJ: 3
TOP: Reflex arcs
4. Explain the disorder of multiple sclerosis. What are some possible causes?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 184
TOP: Clinical Application: Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
OBJ: 3
5. Explain fully the process of a nerve impulse. What is saltatory conduction?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve impulses
REF: p. 185
OBJ: 4
6. Explain fully how a nerve impulse moves from one neuron to another.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 185-187
OBJ: 4
TOP: The synapse
7. A type of drug called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor is an antidepressant that inhibits the
enzyme that deactivates catecholamines. What theory explains how this drug functions?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 187
OBJ: 4
TOP: The synapse
8. Name the parts of the brainstem and explain their function.
ANS:
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(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Brainstem
REF: p. 188
OBJ: 5
9. What structures make up the diencephalon? What is the function of each?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 190
OBJ: 5
10. Describe the cerebellum and name its functions.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebellum
REF: pp. 188-189
OBJ: 5
11. Describe and explain the function of the spinal cord.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal cord
REF: p. 193
OBJ: 5
REF: pp. 190-191
OBJ: 5
12. Describe the structure of the cerebrum.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrum
13. If a stroke patient had difficulty in visual perception, where might the damage be in the brain?
Explain your answers.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 192
OBJ: 5
TOP: Cerebrum
14. What is the cause of Parkinson’s disease? How is it treated?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 192
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Parkinson Disease
OBJ: 5
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15. Name and describe the meninges of the nervous system.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 194
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
OBJ: 5
16. Where is cerebrospinal fluid made? What is its function?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 195
TOP: Coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord
OBJ: 5
17. How many spinal nerves are there? How many come from each part of the spinal cord, and
how are they identified? What is a dermatome?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal nerves
REF: pp. 197, 199
OBJ: 6
18. Explain the difference between autonomic conduction paths to the effectors and central
nervous system conduction paths to the effectors.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 200-201
OBJ: 7
TOP: Autonomic conduction paths
19. Explain the structure and function of the sympathetic nervous system.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic nervous system
REF: p. 201
OBJ: 7
20. Explain the structure and function of the parasympathetic nervous system.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parasympathetic nervous system
REF: pp. 201-202
OBJ: 7
21. Give the function of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. By what other name is
each known?
ANS:
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(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 181
OBJ: 2
22. What is the neurilemma, and what is its clinical significance?
ANS:
(Answers will vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurons
REF: p. 180
OBJ: 2
23. What is a nerve? Define the following terms: endoneurium, fascicles, perineurium, and
epineurium
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and tracts
REF: p. 182
OBJ: 3
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Chapter 10: Senses
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The sense of hearing can be classified as a
a. proprioceptor
b. mechanoreceptor
c. thermoreceptor
d. photoreceptor
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Special sense organs
REF: p. 222
2. The sense of sight can be classified as a
a. proprioceptor
b. chemoreceptor
c. thermoreceptor
d. photoreceptor
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Special sense organs
REF: p. 215
3. The Golgi tendon receptors can be classified as
a. proprioceptors
b. chemoreceptors
c. thermoreceptors
d. photoreceptors
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214 (Table 10-2)
4. The free nerve endings in the skin respond to
a. high-frequency vibration
b. low-frequency vibration
c. pain
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214 (Table 10-1)
5. General sense organs can be found in the highest concentration in
a. muscle tissue
b. the skin
c. the tendons and connective tissue
d. the deep internal organs
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 215 (Table 10-1)
6. The white part of the eye is called the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
cornea
choroid
iris
sclera
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
7. The conjunctiva
a. is a mucous membrane covering part of the eye
b. opens and closes to regulate the light entering the eye
c. is the colored part of the eye
d. is the clear part of the sclera
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
8. The colored part of the eye is called the
a. conjunctiva
b. pupil
c. iris
d. lacrimal gland
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
9. The cornea
a. is the colored part of the eye
b. produces tears
c. is the mucous covering of the eye
d. is the clear part of the sclera in the front of the eye
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
10. The pupil
a. is a hole that lets light into the eye
b. is the colored part of the eye
c. produces tears
d. helps focus light on the rear of the eye
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: pp. 217-218
11. The choroid layer
a. helps focus light on the rear of the eye
b. produces tears
c. prevents the scattering of incoming light rays
d. is the white of the eye
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
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12. The innermost layer of the eye is the
a. conjunctiva
b. choroid
c. sclera
d. retina
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 219
13. The rods in the eye
a. are part of the choroid layer
b. respond to the colors red, green, and blue
c. are used to see in dim light
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 219
14. The cones in the eye
a. are part of the retinal layer
b. respond to the colors red, green, and blue
c. are used to see in dim light
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: pp. 219-220
15. The part of the eye with the highest concentration of cones is the
a. macula lutea
b. fovea centralis
c. optic disc
d. choroid layer
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 220
16. The “blind spot” of the eye is also called the
a. macula lutea
b. fovea centralis
c. optic disc
d. choroid layer
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 221
17. The vitreous humor
a. is found in the anterior cavity
b. is found in the posterior chamber
c. is a watery fluid in front of the lens
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 221
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18. The external ear is called the
a. auricle
b. tympanic membrane
c. pinna
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
19. The eardrum is
a. also called the tympanic membrane
b. at the end of the auditory tube
c. part of the inner ear
d. both a and b above
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
20. The sequence of the ossicles from the eardrum to the inner ear is
a. malleus, stapes, incus
b. stapes, incus, malleus
c. malleus, incus, stapes
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
21. In the middle ear, the
a. incus rests against the organ of Corti
b. tympanic membrane rests against the stapes
c. tympanic membrane rests against the incus
d. stapes rests against the oval window
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
22. The structure that separates the middle ear from the inner ear is the
a. tympanic membrane
b. oval window
c. ossicles
d. auditory canal
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
23. The inner ear consists of three spaces, which are the
a. perilymph, vestibule, and the cochlea
b. endolymph, vestibule, and the cochlea
c. vestibule, semicircular canals, and the cochlea
d. vestibule, semicircular canals, and the endolymph
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 223
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OBJ: 5
TOP: The ear
24. The perilymph is
a. inside the semicircular canal
b. inside the cochlea
c. inside the bony labyrinth
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 223
25. Endolymph is
a. inside the cochlea
b. inside the semicircular canals
c. just inside the bony labyrinth
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 224
26. The sense of balance
a. is classified as a proprioceptor
b. occurs in the cochlea
c. occurs in the ossicles
d. is classified as a mechanoreceptor
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 224
27. The sense of balance occurs in the
a. ossicles
b. semicircular canals
c. vestibule
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 224
28. The specific organ of hearing is called the
a. cochlea
b. semicircular canal
c. organ of Corti
d. tympanic membrane
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 224
29. The sense of taste is classified as a
a. proprioceptor
b. chemoreceptor
c. mechanoreceptor
d. none of the above
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ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 226
30. The cells responsible for the sense of taste are the
a. taste buds
b. papillae cells
c. salivary cells
d. gustatory cells
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 226
31. The six primary taste sensations are
a. sweet, salty, fruity, metallic, umami, bitter
b. sweet, salty, metallic, bitter, sour, umami
c. sweet, metallic, sour, umami, fruity, salty
d. umami, sweet, fruity, bitter, sour, metallic
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 226
32. The sense of smell is classified as
a. a proprioceptor
b. a chemoreceptor
c. a mechanoreceptor
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The smell receptors
REF: p. 227
33. The olfactory receptors
a. also assist in the sense of taste
b. are able to respond to four primary odors
c. are not sensitive because of the location of the receptors
d. all of the above
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 227
OBJ: 7
34. The sense of smell is
a. sensitive
b. easily adapted
c. can respond to chemicals dissolved in water
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The smell receptors
REF: p. 227
35. The sense of smell is able to stimulate vivid memories because the olfactory tract passes
through the
a. hypothalamus
b. limbic
c. cerebellum
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d. brainstem
ANS: B
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integration of senses
REF: p. 227
36. Which of the following sensations is generated by a general sense organ?
a. Touch
b. Taste
c. Equilibrium
d. Both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
37. Which of the following sensations is generated by a special sense?
a. Touch
b. Taste
c. Pressure
d. All of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
38. Which of the following is not considered one of the layers of the eye?
a. Retina
b. Sclera
c. Iris
d. Choroid
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
39. Which of the following is not part of the vascular layer of the eye?
a. Iris
b. Cornea
c. Ciliary muscle
d. All of the above are part of the vascular layer
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
40. Which of the following is not true about the senses of taste and smell?
a. Both are chemoreceptors
b. Both contribute to the sense of taste
c. Chemicals must be dissolved to stimulate the receptor
d. Both respond to six primary stimuli
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF: pp. 226-227
TOP: The taste receptors | The smell receptors
OBJ: 6
41. The vestibular nerve contains a nerve from the
a. semicircular canals
b. vestibule
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c. cochlea
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inner ear
REF: p. 226
42. Which sensation is not sensed by a general sense organ?
a. Temperature
b. Equilibrium
c. Touch
d. All of the above are sensed by general sense organs
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
43. Which sensation is not sensed by a special sense organ?
a. Smell
b. Equilibrium
c. Taste
d. All of the above are sensed by special sense organs
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
44. Which of the following is not true of a general sense organ?
a. They are microscopic in size.
b. They respond to touch and pressure.
c. They are grouped in a localized area.
d. All of the above are true of general sense organs.
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
45. This is a functional characteristic of all sense organs
a. must be able to detect a stimulus
b. must be able to detect a change in the intensity of the stimulus
c. must be able to change the stimulus into a nerve impulse
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 215
TOP: Converting a stimulus into a sensation
46. A condition where the lens of the eye becomes milky in appearance and loses its transparency
is called
a cataract
presbyopia
otitis media
glaucoma
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Choroid
REF: p. 219
47. An infection of the middle ear is called
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a.
b.
c.
d.
a cataract
presbyopia
otitis media
glaucoma
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Middle ear
REF: p. 223
48. An increase in pressure inside the eye is called
a. a cataract
b. presbyopia
c. otitis media
d. glaucoma
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Retina
REF: p. 221
49. The “farsightedness” of old age is called
a. a cataract
b. presbyopia
c. otitis media
d. glaucoma
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Choroid
REF: p. 218
50. Which of the following is part of the sensory pathway of all sense organs?
a. Able to sense or detect a stimulus
b. Detection of a stimulus is converted to a nerve impulse
c. Signal from nerve impulse is conducted to the brain
d. Processing information is the sensation perceived in the brain
e. All of the above are part of the sensory pathway of all sense organs
ANS: E
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sensory pathways
REF: p. 215
51. Why are the many unique flavors we recognize not just tastes alone but a combination of
sensations based on tastes, odors, touch, temperature, and pain?
a. All incoming signals are integrated with the spinal cord.
b. All incoming signals are integrated with other sensory signals and even memories
to produce our perceptions.
c. All senses follow the same nerve pathway to the brain.
d. Taste buds follow the same sensory pathways as other special senses.
ANS: B
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integration of senses
REF: p. 227
TRUE/FALSE
1. General sense organs are characterized by large complex organs or localized groupings of
specialized receptors.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
2. One of the main functions of a sense organ is to change a physical stimulus into an electrical
signal.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 215
TOP: Converting a stimulus into a sensation
OBJ: 2
3. General sense organs are found throughout the body but are most concentrated in the internal
organs.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 215
4. Specialized receptors found near the point of junction between tendons and muscles are called
mechanoreceptors.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214
5. Muscle spindles can be classified as proprioceptors.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 215
6. Golgi tendon receptors and muscle spindles are both proprioceptors but are able to sense
different things.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214
7. Meissner’s corpuscles respond to pain.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214
8. Ruffini’s corpuscles respond to touch and pressure.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214
9. Pacinian corpuscles respond to deep pressure.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214 (Table 10-1)
10. The highest concentration of general sense organs is in the epidermis of the skin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Application REF: p. 214 (Table 10-1)
TOP: General sense organs
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11. You are able to distinguish the difference between lifting a 20-lb weight and a 50-lb weight
because of the Golgi tendon receptors.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Application REF: p. 214 (Table 10-1)
TOP: General sense organs
12. The cornea is considered part of the sclera.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217 (Table 10-1)
13. The iris is considered part of the sclera.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
14. The lacrimal gland produces tears that keep the eyes moist.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
15. The pupil is the colored part of the eye.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
16. The iris is actually a muscle in the choroid layer.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
17. In very dim light the circular fibers of the iris contract, causing the pupil to dilate.
ANS: F
TOP: The eye
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 217-218
OBJ: 4
18. Presbyopia is a term for the nearsightedness of old age.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 218
19. Cataracts may be caused by exposure to the ultraviolet radiation of the sun.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 219
20. A cataract is a condition in which the cornea becomes less transparent and “milky” in
appearance.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 219
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21. Dim light is able to stimulate the rods in the eye.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 219
22. Colorblindness is a malfunction of the cones of the eye.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 222
TOP: Clinical Application Color Blindness
OBJ: 4
23. Cones are used for day vision or vision in bright light.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: pp. 219-220
24. There are three kinds of cones, each sensitive to a different color: red, yellow, or blue.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 220
25. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 219
26. The yellowish area near the center of the retina is called the fovea centralis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 220
27. The greatest concentration of rods is found in the macula lutea.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 220
28. Looking directly at an object in bright light would give us greater visual acuity because the
light would be focused on the fovea centralis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 220
29. One of the functions of the fluids in the eye is to focus light.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 221
30. Aqueous humor is the watery fluid in the posterior chamber of the eye.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 221
31. Vitreous humor is the thick fluid in the posterior chamber of the eye.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 221
32. The potentially blinding condition called glaucoma can occur if the fluid pressure of the eye
drops too low.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 221
33. The optic disc is able to respond only to bright light.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 221
34. The nerve impulse of the eye begins when light enters through the iris of the eye and ends in
the occipital lobe of the brain. This is called the visual pathway.
ANS: F
TOP: The eye
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 221
OBJ: 4
35. The external ear has two parts, the auricle and the pinna.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
36. The tympanic membrane is at the end of the auditory canal.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
37. The ceruminous glands produce ear wax.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
38. The ossicles are in the middle ear.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
39. The handle of the incus attaches to the inside of the eardrum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
40. The stapes presses against the oval window.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
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41. The external auditory canal connects the throat to the middle ear and can allow the spread of
infection from the throat to the middle ear.
ANS: F
TOP: The ear
DIF: Application
REF: p. 222
OBJ: 5
42. The inner ear is responsible for the sense of hearing and equilibrium.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 224
43. The bony labyrinth is divided into three parts: the cochlea, the vestibule, and the semicircular
canals.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 223
44. The membranous labyrinth is filled with endolymph.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 224
45. The crista ampullaris is stimulated when you move your head.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 226
46. The tympanic membrane is considered the organ of hearing.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 224
47. The organ of Corti is considered the organ of hearing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 224
48. Specialized cells on the tongue called taste buds provide the sense of taste.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 226
49. Papillae are microscopic receptors that can be found on the taste buds.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 226
50. Gustatory cells are responsible for the sense of taste.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 226
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51. There are only six taste sensations.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 226
52. Much of our sense of taste is actually our sense of smell.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 227
OBJ: 6
53. The olfactory sense is very sensitive and takes a long time to adapt.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The smell receptors
REF: p. 227
54. The olfactory receptors are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The smell receptors
REF: p. 227
55. Because the olfactory nerve passes through the hypothalamus, which is important in memory
and emotion, odor can often stimulate vivid memories.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The smell receptors
REF: p. 227
56. Senses can react to changes in both our internal and external environment.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 213
57. Sensations of touch and pain are usually generated by special senses.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
58. Equilibrium, temperature, and pressure are sensations generated by general sense organs.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
59. Most of the free nerve endings are found in the epithelial layers of the body.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214
OBJ: 2
60. The sensation of taste and the perception of taste occur in different parts of the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 227 (Table 10-1)
TOP: Converting a stimulus into a sensation
61. General senses are evenly distributed over the surface of the body.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214
62. The conjunctiva is the clear part of the sclera of the eye.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
63. Dilation of the pupil is caused by the contraction of the iris.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: pp. 217-218
64. In bright light, the iris muscles would tend to contract.
ANS: T
TOP: The eye
DIF: Application
REF: p. 218
OBJ: 4
65. The ciliary muscle affects the eye’s ability to focus.
ANS: T
TOP: The eye
DIF: Application
REF: p. 218
OBJ: 4
66. If the iris muscles are contracted, the rods of the eye are probably being used to see.
ANS: F
TOP: The eye
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 218
OBJ: 4
67. The ossicles are named based on their shape.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 222
68. Infections in the throat can cause otitis media by moving through the eustachian tube.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: pp. 222-223
69. Only special sense organs can be classified as encapsulated.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
OBJ: 1
70. Only general sense organs are classified as either encapsulated or unencapsulated.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
OBJ: 1
71. Going from most external to most internal, the layers of the eye would be sclera, choroid, and
retina.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 217
OBJ: 4
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TOP: The eye
72. The function of the lacrimal gland is to produce aqueous humor for the interior of the eye.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 217
73. Glaucoma occurs when too much vitreous humor builds up in the eye.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: p. 221
74. The vestibular nerve joins with the cochlear nerve to from cranial nerve VIII.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 226
75. If the eyeball is too short, a condition called hyperopia, or farsightedness, can exist.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 221
TOP: Clinical Application: Focusing Problems
76. Astigmatism is caused by an eyeball that is too elongated.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 221
TOP: Clinical Application: Focusing Problems
77. Myopia is another name for nearsightedness.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 221
TOP: Clinical Application: Focusing Problems
78. The sensory pathway for proprioceptors passes through the thalamus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 215
TOP: Converting a stimulus into a sensation
79. The sensory pathway for proprioceptors passes through the cerebellum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 215
TOP: Converting a stimulus into a sensation
80. The sensory pathway for both proprioceptors and cutaneous receptors passes through the
spinal cord.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 215
TOP: Converting a stimulus into a sensation
81. The root hair plexuses are associated with deep pressure and vibration.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General sense organs
REF: p. 214
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82. Lasers can be used to sculpt the lens to help treat cataracts.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sclera
REF: p. 219
83. The malleus rest against the oval window of the middle ear and helps transmit vibrations.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Middle ear
REF: p. 222
84. The stimulation of taste buds travel primarily through the cranial nerves VII and IX to a
special area of the cerebral cortex.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 226
85. Sensations are all perceived in the brain.
ANS: T
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integration of senses
REF: p. 227
86. Some sensory information is processed and perceived subconsciously.
ANS: T
OBJ: 8
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integration of senses
REF: p. 228
MATCHING
Match each of the following terms with its function or description.
Sclera
Cornea
Retina
Rods
Cones
Iris
Pupil
Choroid
Conjunctiva
Lens
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Sometimes called the window of the eye
Colored part of the eye
Hole in the eye that lets light in
Layer of the eye that keeps light from scattering in the eye
Structures in the retina that are able to respond to color
White of the eye
Mucous membrane covering part of the sclera
Structure that is changed in shape by ciliary muscles to facilitate focus of light
Innermost layer of the eye
Structures in the retina that respond in dim light
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1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
B
4
F
4
G
4
H
4
E
4
A
4
I
4
J
4
C
4
D
4
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
The eye
Memorization
The eye
Memorization
The eye
Memorization
The eye
Memorization
The eye
Memorization
The eye
Memorization
The eye
Memorization
The eye
Memorization
The eye
Memorization
The eye
REF: p. 217
REF: p. 217
REF: p. 217
REF: p. 217
REF: p. 220
REF: p. 217
REF: p. 217
REF: p. 218
REF: p. 219
REF: p. 219
Match each of the following terms with its function or description.
Tympanic membrane
Malleus
Stapes
Semicircular canal
Endolymph
Perilymph
Organ of Corti
Oval window
Pinna
Auditory tube
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Ossicle that rests against the eardrum
Another term for the external ear
Thicker fluid in the inner ear
Structure that gives us our sense of balance
Ossicle that rests against the oval window
Another term for the eardrum
Specific organ of hearing
Separates the middle ear from the inner ear
Thinner fluid in the inner ear
Connects the throat to the middle ear
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
B
5
I
5
E
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
The ear
Memorization
The ear
Memorization
REF: p. 222
REF: p. 222
REF: p. 224
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OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
5
D
5
C
5
A
5
G
5
H
5
F
5
J
5
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
The ear
Memorization
The ear
Memorization
The ear
Memorization
The ear
Memorization
The ear
Memorization
The ear
Memorization
The ear
Memorization
The ear
REF: p. 224
REF: p. 222
REF: p. 222
REF: p. 224
REF: p. 222
REF: p. 223
REF: p. 222
Match each of the following terms with its function or description.
a. General sense organ
b. Pacinian corpuscle
c. Mechanoreceptor
d. Proprioceptor
e. Photoreceptor
f. Papillae
g. Free nerve ending
h. Special sense organ
i. Gustatory cells
j. Olfactory receptors
k. Golgi tendon receptor
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
General sense organ that responds to pain and temperature
Microscopic sense organ distributed all over the body
Chemoreceptor responsible for the sense of taste
Receptor that responds to light
Receptor that provides information on position or movement of body parts
Taste buds are located here
Example of a mechanoreceptor
Chemoreceptor for the sense of smell
Example of a proprioceptor
Sense organ that has receptors grouped in a localized area or in complex organs
General sense organ that is activated by stimuli that deform or change the shape of the
receptor
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
G
3
A
3
I
6
E
4
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
General sense organs
Memorization
General sense organs
Memorization
The taste receptors
Memorization
The eye
REF: p. 214
REF: p. 214 (Table 10-1)
REF: p. 226
REF: p. 221
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25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
30.
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
D
3
F
6
B
3
J
7
K
3
H
1
C
3
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
General sense organs
Memorization
The taste receptors
Memorization
General sense organs
Memorization
The smell receptors
Memorization
General sense organs
Memorization
Classification of sense organs
Memorization
General sense organs
REF: p. 215
REF: p. 226
REF: p. 214
REF: p. 227
REF: p. 215
REF: p. 214
REF: p. 214
ESSAY
1. Distinguish between a general and a special sense.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of sense organs
REF: p. 214
OBJ: 1
2. Give examples of a photoreceptor, a chemoreceptor, a mechanoreceptor, and a proprioceptor.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: pp. 214-215
TOP: Classification of sense organs
OBJ: 1
3. What information is provided by proprioceptors?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 215
OBJ: 3
TOP: General sense organs
4. Describe or give the function of the following structures: sclera, cornea, iris, pupil, ciliary
muscle, choroid layer, rods, and cones.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The eye
REF: pp. 217-218
OBJ: 4
5. Explain how the lens and the ciliary muscles work to focus the eye on distant or near objects.
ANS:
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(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 218
OBJ: 4
TOP: The eye
6. People with macular degeneration (a degeneration of the macula lutea) are told not to look
directly at what they want to see. Explain why this would help them see.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 219
OBJ: 4
TOP: The eye
OBJ: 4
TOP: The eye
7. What causes the blind spot in the eye?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 221
8. Describe or give the function of the following structures: tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval
window, semicircular canals, and organ of Corti.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: p. 224
OBJ: 5
9. What is the auditory tube, and what is its role in otitis media?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 222-223
OBJ: 5
TOP: The ear
10. Describe the inner ear. Where are perilymph and endolymph found?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The ear
REF: pp. 223-224
OBJ: 5
11. Explain the functioning of the sense of balance and equilibrium.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 224-224
OBJ: 5
TOP: The ear
12. Explain the functioning of the sense of hearing. Explain how the sound waves are transmitted
to the cochlea.
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 224
OBJ: 5
TOP: The ear
13. Describe the functioning of the sense of taste.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 226
OBJ: 6
TOP: The taste receptors
REF: p. 226
OBJ: 6
14. List the sensations of taste.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The taste receptors
15. Describe the functioning of the sense of smell.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 227
OBJ: 7
TOP: The smell receptors
16. Explain anatomically why the sense of smell is so strongly linked with memory and emotion.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 227
OBJ: 8
TOP: Special sense organs
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Chapter 11: Endocrine System
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The endocrine system consists of glands that
a. release chemicals into ducts
b. release chemicals carried by the blood
c. release chemicals into body cavities
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 237
2. Hormones are not a major regulator of
a. metabolism
b. blood pH
c. voluntary muscle movement
d. both b and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 237
3. Second messengers are important in the functioning of
a. nonsteroid hormones
b. steroid hormones
c. carbohydrate hormones
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 238
4. Nonsteroid hormones have hormone receptors in the
a. nucleus of the cell
b. cytoplasm of the cell
c. cell membrane
d. both a and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 238
5. Nonsteroid hormones
a. cause protein synthesis in the cell
b. can cause the formation of cAMP
c. have hormone receptors in the nucleus of the cell
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 239
6. Steroid hormones have hormone receptors in the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
nucleus of the cell
cytoplasm of the cell
cell membrane
both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 239
7. Steroid hormones
a. cause protein synthesis in the cell
b. can cause the formation of cAMP
c. require a second messenger to function
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 239
8. Hormones
a. can use positive feedback mechanisms
b. can use negative feedback mechanisms
c. do not use feedback mechanisms for regulation
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of hormone secretion
REF: pp. 239, 241
9. The anterior pituitary
a. is called the neurohypophysis
b. is called the adenohypophysis
c. secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 242
10. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
a. is secreted by the neurohypophysis
b. is secreted by the adenohypophysis
c. stimulates the release of thyroid hormone
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
11. The anterior pituitary secretes
a. TSH
b. oxytocin
c. ADH
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
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12. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
a. is produced by the posterior pituitary gland
b. is called the ovulating hormone
c. stimulates the primary ovarian follicle to develop
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
13. The posterior pituitary gland releases
a. ADH
b. ACTH
c. TSH
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 244
14. Oxytocin
a. is released by the posterior pituitary gland
b. stimulates uterine contraction
c. uses a positive feedback mechanism
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 245
15. ADH
a. is released by the hypothalamus
b. is made by the pituitary gland
c. increases the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 244
16. The thyroid gland
a. is unique because it does not store the hormones it makes
b. is found in the neck
c. requires calcium to produce its hormone
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 245
17. The thyroid gland produces
a. T3
b. T4
c. calcitonin
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 246
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18. Calcitonin causes
a. an increase in the blood concentration of calcium
b. a breakdown in the bone matrix
c. a decrease in the blood concentration of calcium
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 247
19. The parathyroid hormone
a. has the opposite effect of calcitonin
b. is made in the thyroid gland
c. causes a decrease in blood concentration of calcium
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid gland
REF: p. 247
20. Aldosterone
a. increases gluconeogenesis
b. is produced in the inner zone of the adrenal cortex
c. is a mineralocorticoid
d. both a and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: p. 248
21. Aldosterone
a. increases blood sodium levels
b. decreases blood sodium levels
c. increases blood potassium levels
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: p. 248
22. Aldosterone has its effects mainly on the cells of the
a. intestine
b. stomach
c. liver
d. kidney
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: p. 248
23. Cortisol
a. has the opposite effect of aldosterone
b. is made in the outer zone of the adrenal cortex
c. stimulates gluconeogenesis
d. all of the above
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 248
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OBJ: 6
TOP: Adrenal glands
24. Cortisol
a. is made in the middle zone of the adrenal cortex
b. is a glucocorticoid
c. has an anti-immunity effect
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: p. 248
25. Androgens, which are similar to testosterone, are
a. secreted by the inner zone of the adrenal cortex
b. secreted by the middle zone of the adrenal cortex
c. secreted by the outer zone of the adrenal cortex
d. not secreted by the adrenal cortex
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: p. 248
26. Epinephrine
a. is released by the inner zone of the adrenal cortex
b. reinforces the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
c. is released in response to stress
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: pp. 249-250
27. Glucagon
a. is released by pancreatic beta cells
b. accelerates liver glycogenolysis
c. causes a drop in blood glucose levels
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 250
28. Insulin
a. is made by beta cells in the pancreas
b. has the opposite effect of glucagon
c. decreases the blood glucose level
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 250
29. A decrease in insulin production
a. usually causes type 1 diabetes mellitus
b. will stimulate the release of growth hormone
c. is usually the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus
d. both a and c above
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ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 251
OBJ: 7
30. The ovary secretes
a. FSH
b. estrogen
c. LH
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female sex glands
REF: p. 252
31. The corpus luteum secretes mostly
a. progesterone but some estrogen
b. estrogen but some progesterone
c. estrogen but some FSH
d. progesterone but some FSH
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female sex glands
REF: p. 253
32. Testosterone is
a. produced by the prostate gland
b. produced by the interstitial cells of the testes
c. the masculinizing hormone
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male sex glands
REF: p. 253
33. The thymus gland
a. is located in the neck
b. produces thymosin
c. is important in the development of red blood cells
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 253
34. The placenta releases
a. chorionic gonadotropins
b. progesterone
c. estrogen
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Placenta
REF: p. 253
35. The pineal gland is
a. located in the neck
b. located in the mediastinum
c. sometimes called the “third eye”
d. both b and c above
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ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pineal gland
REF: p. 253
36. Nonsteroid hormones can be made of
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. nucleic acids
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonsteroid hormones
REF: p. 238
37. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a nonsteroid hormone?
a. It attaches to a receptor on the cell membrane.
b. It causes protein synthesis to occur.
c. It can use cAMP as a second messenger.
d. All of the above are characteristics of a nonsteroid hormone.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Nonsteroid hormones
REF: pp. 238-239
OBJ: 3
38. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a steroid hormone?
a. The receptor is in the nucleus of the cell.
b. It causes protein synthesis to occur.
c. It uses cAMP as a second messenger.
d. It can pass through the cell membrane.
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Steroid hormones
REF: p. 239
OBJ: 3
39. Which of the following is not a function of luteinizing hormone?
a. It stimulates the growth of an egg follicle in the ovary.
b. It causes ovulation of the egg.
c. It causes the testes to secrete testosterone.
d. All of the above are functions of luteinizing hormone.
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anterior pituitary gland
REF: pp. 240, 243
40. Lactogenic hormone is another name for
a. prolactin
b. oxytocin
c. growth hormone
d. estrogen
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anterior pituitary gland
REF: p. 244
41. In order for T4 to be produced, the diet must contain sufficient amounts of
a. calcium
b. iodine
c. iron
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d. sulfur
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 246
42. The hormone that has the opposite function of calcitonin is
a. parathyroid hormone
b. T3
c. T4
d. insulin
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid hormones
REF: p. 247
43. Aldosterone has an impact on the concentration of which substance in the blood?
a. Glucose
b. Potassium
c. Sodium
d. Both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal cortex
REF: p. 248
44. The hormone that seems to influence how fat is metabolized in the body is
a. leptin
b. ANH
c. ADH
d. melatonin
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Other endocrine structures
REF: p. 253
45. The hormone that helps regulate the body’s internal clock is
a. leptin
b. ANH
c. ADH
d. melatonin
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pineal gland
REF: p. 253
46. Exocrine glands do not
a. release their products into ducts
b. empty into a surface or cavity
c. stimulate receptors in target cells
d. all of the above are characteristics of exocrine glands
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: pp. 237-238
47. The posterior pituitary gland
a. is also called the neurohypophysis
b. produces TSH
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c. releases several tropic hormones
d. all of the above are true of the posterior pituitary gland
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 242
48. Which of the following is not a tropic hormone?
a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
b. Prolactin
c. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
d. Luteinizing hormone
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 240
49. Diabetes insipidus is caused by a hyposecretion of
a. insulin
b. glucagon
c. aldosterone
d. ADH
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 244
50. The G protein
a. works with steroid hormones
b. works with nonsteroid hormones
c. assists in the process of protein synthesis after steroid hormone attachment
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 238
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Second Messenger Systems
51. Nitric oxide
a. is a second messenger
b. is a new discovered hormone
c. causes the release of G protein
d. forms cyclic AMP
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 238
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Second Messenger Systems
52. Which of the following is not true of prostaglandins?
a. They are called tissue hormones.
b. They are typical hormones.
c. They influence activities of nearby cells.
d. All of the above are true of prostaglandins.
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
53. Which of the following is not a class of prostaglandins?
a. PGB
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b. PGA
c. PGE
d. All of the above are classes of prostaglandins
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
54. This endocrine gland is not in the brain
a. the adenohypophysis
b. the thymus gland
c. the pineal gland
d. all of the above are in the brain
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus gland
REF: p. 253
55. Prostaglandins, along with several other tissue hormones such as leukotrienes and thromboxane, are
sometimes called
a. pancreatic agents
b. androgens
c. corticoids
d. paracrine agents
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
TRUE/FALSE
1. The endocrine and nervous systems perform the same general function.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 237
2. Exocrine glands can also release hormones.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 238
3. Endocrine glands secrete hormones.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 238
4. Hormones are carried to their target organs by ducts.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 238
5. ADH would have no effect on liver cells.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 244
OBJ: 6
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6. Nonsteroid hormone receptors are in the nucleus of the cell.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 238
7. Nonsteroid hormones require a second messenger.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 238
8. ATP is frequently a second messenger of protein hormones.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 239
9. Steroid hormone receptors are in the cytoplasm of the cell.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 239
10. Steroid hormones use nitrogen oxide as their second messenger.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 239
11. Steroid hormone receptors are in the nucleus of the cell.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 239
12. Steroid hormones do not need a second messenger because they are able to pass through the
cell membrane.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 239
13. A cell with an abnormally low number of ribosomes would slow down the effect of a steroid
hormone.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
REF: p. 239
OBJ: 3
14. TSH causes an increase in thyroid hormones when their blood level is too low. This is an
example of a positive feedback mechanism.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Regulation of hormone secretion
REF: p. 241
OBJ: 4
15. Most hormones use a negative feedback system for regulation.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Regulation of hormone secretion
REF: p. 241
OBJ: 4
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16. Calcitonin is an example of a hormone that uses a negative feedback mechanism for
regulation.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Regulation of hormone secretion
REF: p. 241
OBJ: 4
17. Oxytocin is an example of a hormone that uses a positive feedback mechanism for regulation.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Regulation of hormone secretion
REF: p. 241
OBJ: 4
18. Positive feedback mechanisms work to return the body to homeostasis.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Regulation of hormone secretion
REF: p. 241
OBJ: 4
19. Prostaglandins are also called “tissue hormones.”
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
20. Prostaglandins made in one part of the body frequently can have an effect on distant parts of
the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
21. Research has indicated that prostaglandins work by increasing the number of hormone
receptors produced by a cell.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
22. Another name for the posterior pituitary gland is the adenohypophysis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 244
23. One of the main differences between the anterior and posterior pituitary glands is that one is
made of glandular tissue and one is made of nerve tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 242
24. The pituitary gland sits in the “Turkish saddle.”
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: pp. 242, 256
25. Many of the posterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: pp. 240, 243
26. A tropic hormone causes another endocrine gland to release its hormone or grow.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
27. The target organ for TSH is the thyroid gland.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
OBJ: 6
28. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal glands to release adrenaline.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
29. FSH is frequently called the ovulating hormone.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
30. The target organ for FSH is the ovarian follicle.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
OBJ: 6
31. Luteinizing hormone is also called the ovulating hormone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
32. Males also produce luteinizing hormone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
33. ADH causes water to be excreted in the urine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 244
34. A person who was working hard on a hot day and perspiring freely would probably have a
fairly high concentration of ADH in his blood.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 244
OBJ: 6
35. Oxytocin stimulates contraction of the pregnant uterus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 245
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36. Hyposecretion of ADH results in diabetes mellitus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 244
37. Damage to the hypothalamus may result in diabetes insipidus.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 244
OBJ: 7
38. Although oxytocin is released by the posterior pituitary, it is made in the hypothalamus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 245
39. The thyroid gland is located in the neck.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 245
40. Of the two thyroid hormones, T3 is the more abundant.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 246
41. The thyroid gland is unique because it stores the hormones it produces.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 246
42. A person with a simple goiter would probably have high blood levels of TSH.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 246
OBJ: 7
43. Calcitonin causes an increase in blood calcium levels.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 247
44. Parathyroid hormone causes a decrease in blood calcium levels.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid gland
REF: p. 247
45. Bone cells are “target organs” for both calcitonin and parathyroid hormone.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Parathyroid gland | Thyroid gland
REF: pp. 246-247
OBJ: 6
46. The outer zone of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: p. 248
47. Cortisol is an example of a mineralocorticoid.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: p. 248
48. The adrenal medulla releases hormones that support and prolong the effects of the
sympathetic nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: pp. 249-250
OBJ: 6
49. Pancreatic alpha cells release glucagon.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 250
50. Glucagon causes a reduction of the blood glucose concentration.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 250
51. Pancreatic beta cells release insulin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 250
52. Lack of production of insulin by the pancreatic alpha cells can cause diabetes mellitus.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 252
OBJ: 7
53. An abnormally low level of insulin production may cause glycosuria.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 252
OBJ: 7
54. The thymus gland is located in the neck and produces thymosin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 253
55. The placenta produces the substance that can be detected by home pregnancy tests.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Placenta
REF: p. 253
56. ANH is made by the heart and reinforces the effect of aldosterone on the kidney.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Other endocrine glands
REF: p. 253
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57. The function of the endocrine system is communication and control.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 237
58. Hormones have the same role in the endocrine system as nerve impulses have in the nervous
system.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Application
REF: p. 237
OBJ: 1
59. Substances produced by the exocrine glands cause a reaction by stimulating target organ cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 238
60. Hyposecretion is a term describing the release of too little hormone.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 238
61. In the second messenger system, the hormone is assumed to be the first messenger.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Nonsteroid hormones
REF: p. 239
OBJ: 3
62. One difference between prostaglandins and hormones is that prostaglandins circulate
throughout the body whereas hormones go only to target cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
63. If prostaglandins influence the production of cAMP, they could impact the function of steroid
hormones.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 241-242
TOP: Prostaglandins, Nonsteroid hormones
OBJ: 5
64. An increase in ADH would increase the amount of urine the body produces.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Posterior pituitary gland
REF: p. 244
65. Hypersecretion of ADH results in diabetes insipidus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Posterior pituitary gland
REF: p. 244
66. The hormone oxytocin produces its effects on only about half the population.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 245
OBJ: 6
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TOP: Posterior pituitary gland
67. The hypothalamus produces only two hormones, ADH and oxytocin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 245
68. The hypothalamus produces only two hormones with target organs outside the head, ADH and
oxytocin.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 245
OBJ: 6
69. The target cells for T4 are virtually all cells in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 247
70. The target cells for aldosterone are in the liver.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal cortex
REF: p. 248
71. One of the target organ cells of glucocorticoids are the liver cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal cortex
REF: p. 248
72. Prolonged release of glucocorticoids increases the activity of the immune system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal cortex
REF: p. 249
73. The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 250
74. If the pancreatic islets produce too little insulin, a condition called diabetes insipidus can
occur.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 251
75. Glucosuria can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 252
76. Damage to a receptor on the cell membrane would make it more difficult for a cell to respond
to a steroid hormone.
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ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Nonsteroid hormones
REF: pp. 238-239
OBJ: 3
77. The “lock and key” model applies only to the functioning of nonsteroid hormones.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonsteroid hormones
REF: p. 238
78. Researchers believe that prostaglandins influence the production of ATP in the cell.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
79. The neurohypophysis produces about twice as many hormones as the adenohypophysis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 242
80. The hypothalamus produces substances that function as tropic hormones.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 245
OBJ: 6
81. The thyroid gland produces two hormones, thyroxine and TSH.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: p. 246
82. The G protein helps in the formation of cyclic AMP.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 238
TOP: Research, Issues, & Trends: Second Messenger Systems
OBJ: 3
83. Glucocorticoids increase gluconeogenesis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal cortex
REF: p. 248
84. Steroid hormones may also trigger membrane receptors to produce a variety of secondary
effects.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Steroid hormones
REF: p. 239
85. Growth hormone accelerates the processes of cell catabolism.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anterior pituitary gland hormones
REF: p. 243
86. Acromegaly results from a hyposecretion of growth hormone.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 243
TOP: Clinical Application: Growth Hormone Abnormalities
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87. One possible effect of oxytocin is to help establish the bond between mother and infant.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Posterior pituitary gland hormones
REF: p. 245
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with the correct definition or description.
a. Endocrine gland
b. Exocrine gland
c. Steroid hormone
d. Nonsteroid hormone
e. cAMP
f. Hormone
g. Target organ
h. Hypersecretion
i. Hyposecretion
j. Prostaglandins
k. Second messenger
l. Adenohypophysis
m. Neurohypophysis
n. Tropic hormone
o. Releasing hormone
A substance that is used as a second messenger
An organ with a receptor for a specific hormone
Underproduction of a hormone by a gland
A hormone that has its receptor in the nucleus of the cell
Substances called “tissue hormones”
A type of gland that releases its secretions into a duct
Overproduction of a hormone by a gland
A type of hormone that has its receptor on the cell membrane
A chemical released by an endocrine gland
A gland that releases its secretion into the blood
A hormone that causes an endocrine gland to grow or secrete a hormone
Part of the pituitary gland that is made of nervous tissue
A substance needed by nonsteroid hormones to impact intracellular activity
Substances produced by the hypothalamus that affect the functioning of the anterior pituitary
gland
15. Part of the pituitary gland that is made of glandular tissue
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
E
3
G
1
I
2
C
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
Nonsteroid hormones
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
REF: p. 239
REF: p. 238
REF: p. 238
REF: p. 239
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12.
13.
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
3
J
5
B
2
H
1
D
3
F
2
A
2
N
6
M
6
K
3
O
6
L
6
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Steroid hormones
Memorization
Prostaglandins
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Nonsteroid hormones
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Pituitary gland
Memorization
Pituitary gland
Memorization
Nonsteroid hormones
Memorization
Hypothalamus
Memorization
Pituitary gland
REF: p. 241
REF: pp. 237-238
REF: p. 238
REF: p. 238
REF: p. 238
REF: p. 238
REF: p. 243
REF: p. 244
REF: p. 238
REF: p. 245
REF: p. 245
Match each hormone with its function.
THS
Oxytocin
ACTH
Thyroxine
parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Glucagon
Insulin
Luteinizing hormone
FSH
Prolactin
ADH
Epinephrine
Melatonin
ANH
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Stimulates the release of adrenal cortex hormone
Causes an increase in blood glucose level
Causes a drop in blood glucose level
Causes a reduction in the blood calcium level
Stimulates the release of thyroid hormone
A mineralocorticoid
A glucocorticoid
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23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Causes an increase in the blood calcium level
Causes contraction of the pregnant uterus
Stimulates cell metabolism
Hormone that may assist the body in regulating its internal clock
Hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that accelerates the reabsorption of water
from urine
Hormone secreted by the cells of the heart that does the opposite of aldosterone
Hormone that stimulates the primary ovarian follicle to start growing in women
Hormone that assists in the body’s “fight-or-flight” response
Hormone that is also called the ovulating hormone
Hormone that in women stimulates the breasts to start secreting milk
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
30.
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
C
6
I
6
J
6
F
6
A
6
G
6
H
6
E
6
B
6
D
6
P
6
N
6
Q
6
L
6
O
6
K
6
M
6
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Pituitary gland
Memorization
Pancreatic islets
Memorization
Pancreatic islets
Memorization
Thyroid gland
Memorization
Pituitary gland
Memorization
Adrenal glands
Memorization
Adrenal glands
Memorization
Parathyroid gland
Memorization
Pituitary gland
Memorization
Thyroid gland
Memorization
Pineal gland
Memorization
Pituitary gland
Memorization
Other endocrine structures
Memorization
Pituitary gland
Memorization
Adrenal medulla
Memorization
Pituitary gland
Memorization
Pituitary gland
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
Match the hormone with the gland that produces or secretes it.
a. Thyroxine
b. Insulin
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c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
Testosterone
Glucagon
Parathyroid hormone
Atrial natriuretic hormone
Cortisol
Estrogen
Epinephrine
Melatonin
Oxytocin
Leptin
TSH
The heart
Adrenal cortex
Beta cells of the pancreas
Ovary
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Posterior pituitary gland
Testes
Fat-storing cells of the body
Alpha cells of the pancreas
Anterior pituitary gland
Adrenal medulla
Pineal gland
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
40. ANS:
OBJ:
41. ANS:
OBJ:
42. ANS:
OBJ:
43. ANS:
OBJ:
44. ANS:
OBJ:
F
6
G
6
B
6
H
6
A
6
E
6
K
6
C
6
L
6
D
6
M
6
I
6
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Other endocrine structures
Memorization
Adrenal cortex
Memorization
Pancreatic islets
Memorization
Female sex glands
Memorization
Thyroid gland
Memorization
Parathyroid gland
Memorization
Posterior pituitary gland hormones
Memorization
Male sex glands
Memorization
Other endocrine structures
Memorization
Pancreatic islets
Memorization
Anterior pituitary gland hormones
Memorization
Adrenal medulla
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
REF: pp. 240-241
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45. ANS: J
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pineal gland
REF: pp. 240-241
ESSAY
1. Define endocrine gland, hormone, and target organ.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: pp. 237-238
OBJ: 1
2. Explain the functioning of a nonsteroid hormone, and include an explanation of the second
messenger.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 238
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
OBJ: 3
3. Explain the functioning of a steroid hormone.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 239
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
OBJ: 3
4. Why is a second messenger necessary for a nonsteroid hormone but not for a steroid
hormone?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 239
TOP: Mechanisms of hormone action
OBJ: 3
5. Give an example of a negative feedback regulation of a hormone.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: pp. 239, 241
TOP: Regulation of hormone secretion
OBJ: 4
6. Give an example of a positive feedback regulation of a hormone.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Application REF: p. 241
TOP: Regulation of hormone secretion
OBJ: 4
7. What are prostaglandins? What are some systems they help regulate?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
OBJ: 5
8. What is the function of TSH and ACTH?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: p. 243
OBJ: 6
9. What is the function of ADH and oxytocin? Where are these hormones made?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pituitary gland
REF: pp. 244-245
OBJ: 6
10. What is the function of thyroxine and calcitonin?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid gland
REF: pp. 246-247
OBJ: 6
11. What is the function of the parathyroid hormone?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid gland
REF: p. 247
OBJ: 6
12. Give an example and the function of a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal glands
REF: p. 248
OBJ: 6
13. Explain the functions of glucagon and insulin.
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic islets
REF: p. 250
OBJ: 6
14. What is the function of ANH? Where is it produced?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Other endocrine structures
REF: p. 253
OBJ: 6
15. If a doctor found a patient had an abnormally low thyroxine level and an abnormally high
TSH level, which gland would most likely not be functioning properly, the pituitary or the
thyroid gland? Explain your answer.
ANS:
Thyroid gland. The thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroxine, and it does not function
properly. The pituitary gland properly produces TSH in an attempt to correct the low level of
thyroxine, but the thyroid gland does not respond.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 245-246
TOP: Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland
OBJ: 7
16. Explain the differences between a typical hormone and a prostaglandin.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 241
OBJ: 5
17. Name three other structures that produce hormones, and then name the hormones and explain
their functions.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Other endocrine structures
REF: p. 253
OBJ: 6
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Chapter 12: Blood
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Plasma
a. consists of blood without the blood cells and clotting factors
b. carries almost all of the food to the cells
c. carries almost all of the oxygen to the cells
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
2. Plasma contains
a. digested food
b. metabolic waste products
c. proteins
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
3. Serum
a. is made from blood plasma
b. contains fibrinogen
c. has no antibodies
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 265
4. The function of albumin is to
a. assist in the formation of a blood clot
b. thicken the blood
c. act as an enzyme for the breakdown of carbonic acid
d. assist in the fighting of infection
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 265
5. Globulins
a. assist in the formation of a blood clot
b. thicken the blood
c. assist in fighting infection
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
6. The approximate number of red blood cells in a cubic millimeter of blood is
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a.
b.
c.
d.
50,000
500,000
5,000,000
50,000,000
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
7. The approximate number of white blood cells in a cubic millimeter of blood is
a. 7500
b. 75,000
c. 750,000
d. 7,500,000
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
8. The approximate number of platelets in a cubic millimeter of blood is
a. 30,000
b. 300,000
c. 3,000,000
d. 30,000,000
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
9. Myeloid tissue is
a. also called lymphoid tissue
b. also called red bone marrow
c. important in the formation of blood cells
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
10. Red bone marrow is found in greatest amounts in the
a. sternum and hipbone
b. clavicle and vertebrae
c. femur and tibia
d. humerus and ulna
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
11. The blood cells with the longest circulating life span are the
a. red blood cells
b. granular white blood cells
c. nongranular white blood cells
d. both b and c have equal life spans
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
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12. The red blood cell
a. has no nucleus
b. is spherical in shape to increase its surface area
c. is important in carrying metabolic waste to the kidney
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Red blood cells
REF: p. 266
13. The red blood cell
a. assists in transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs
b. contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen
c. has a unique shape to increase its surface area
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Red blood cells
REF: p. 266
14. Polycythemia can be caused by
a. too few red blood cells
b. too little hemoglobin in the blood cells
c. too many red blood cells being made
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
15. Anemia can be caused by
a. too few red blood cells
b. too little hemoglobin in the blood cells
c. too many red blood cells being made
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 267
16. Pernicious anemia is caused by
a. severe hemorrhage
b. lack of vitamin B12
c. an insufficient amount of iron in the diet
d. radiation or chemical damage to bone marrow
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
17. Which of the following describes the layering, in order from top to bottom, of a test tube of
blood that has been “spun down” in a centrifuge?
Plasma, red blood cells, buffy coat
Buffy coat, plasma, red blood cells
Plasma, buffy coat, red blood cells
Red blood cells, buffy coat, plasma
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 267
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OBJ: 4
TOP: Hematocrit test
18. The blood component with the highest density is
a. white blood cells
b. red blood cells
c. plasma
d. serum
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Hematocrit test
REF: p. 267
OBJ: 4
19. Which white blood cells are phagocytes?
a. Monocytes
b. T lymphocytes
c. B lymphocytes
d. All of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 273
20. Which white blood cells produce antibodies?
a. Monocytes
b. T lymphocytes
c. B lymphocytes
d. Neutrophils
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 273
21. Which white blood cells directly attack microbes?
a. Eosinophils
b. T lymphocytes
c. B lymphocytes
d. Basophils
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 273
22. Which white blood cells help protect the body from parasites?
a. Eosinophils
b. Monocytes
c. Neutrophils
d. Basophils
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 272
23. Which white blood cells secrete heparin?
a. Eosinophils
b. Monocytes
c. Neutrophils
d. Basophils
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ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 273
24. Leukopenia
a. refers to an excess of white blood cells
b. is characteristic of people with leukemia
c. is characteristic of people with AIDS
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: WBC count
REF: p. 272
25. Injury to a blood vessel or damage to a platelet can cause the formation of
a. fibrinogen
b. fibrin
c. prothrombin activator
d. thrombin
ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
26. In order for thrombin to be formed
a. fibrinogen must be present
b. sodium must be present
c. potassium must be present
d. calcium must be present
ANS: D
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
27. At the point of injury, platelets
a. become sticky and accumulate near the opening
b. release thrombin
c. release fibrin
d. both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
28. In the final step in the blood-clotting process
a. prothrombin reacts with fibrin to form fibrinogen
b. thrombin reacts with fibrinogen to form fibrin
c. prothrombin reacts with fibrin to form fibrinogen
d. prothrombin activator reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin
ANS: B
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
29. Vitamin K stimulates the liver to increase production of
a. prothrombin activator
b. fibrinogen
c. prothrombin
d. thrombin
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ANS: C
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
30. A thrombus is
a. a clot that stays where it was formed
b. the same as an embolus
c. usually made of thrombin
d. a blood clot circulating in the bloodstream
ANS: A
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: pp. 273-275
31. The blood type that has antigen A on the cell and anti-B antibody in the plasma is
a. type O
b. type AB
c. type A
d. type B
ANS: C
TOP: Blood types
DIF: Application
REF: p. 269
OBJ: 5
32. The blood type with no antigens on the blood cell and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the
plasma is
type AB
type O
type A
type B
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
TOP: Blood types
DIF: Application
REF: p. 270
OBJ: 5
33. The “universal donor” blood type is
a. type A
b. type B
c. type AB
d. type O
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood types
REF: p. 271
34. The “universal recipient” blood type is
a. type A
b. type B
c. type AB
d. type O
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood types
REF: p. 271
35. Erythroblastosis fetalis
a. usually occurs in a mother’s first-born baby
b. occurs in the case of an Rh-positive mother and an Rh-negative baby
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c. occurs in the case of an Rh-positive baby and an Rh-negative mother
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Erythroblastosis fetalis
REF: p. 271
OBJ: 8
36. The most abundant type of solute in the blood plasma is
a. sodium
b. red blood cells
c. plasma proteins
d. potassium
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
37. A substance found in plasma but not in serum is
a. fibrinogen
b. antibodies
c. formed elements
d. both a and b above
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 265
OBJ: 2
38. Another term for red blood cells is
a. leukocytes
b. eosinophils
c. thrombocytes
d. erythrocytes
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
39. Another term for white blood cells is
a. thrombocytes
b. leukocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. albumin
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
40. Another term for platelets is
a. erythrocytes
b. leukocytes
c. thrombocytes
d. fibrinogen
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
41. Which of the following is not a granular leukocyte?
a. Monocyte
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b. Neutrophil
c. Basophil
d. Eosinophil
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
42. Basophils and lymphocytes have this characteristic in common.
a. Both are thrombocytes
b. Both are leukocytes
c. Both are granular leukocytes
d. Both b and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
43. Eosinophils and neutrophils have this characteristic in common
a. both are thrombocytes
b. both are leukocytes
c. both are granular leukocytes
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
44. A patient with a thicker-than-normal buffy coat may have
a. an infection
b. leukemia
c. leucopenia
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Hematocrit test
REF: p. 267
OBJ: 4
45. A patient with a thinner-than-normal buffy coat may have
a. an infection
b. leukemia
c. leucopenia
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Hematocrit test
REF: p. 267
OBJ: 4
46. A couple would have to worry about their next child having erythroblastosis fetalis if
a. both parents are Rh negative
b. both parents are Rh positive
c. their first child was Rh negative
d. none of the above situations would cause a child to have erythroblastosis fetalis
ANS: D
TOP: Rh system
DIF: Application
REF: p. 271
OBJ: 5
47. Blood usually accounts for about
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a.
b.
c.
d.
3% to 5% of body weight
7% to 9% of body weight
10% to 12% of body weight
14% to 18% of body weight
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
48. Lymphatic tissue forms
a. all types of white blood cells
b. only lymphocytes
c. both lymphocytes and monocytes
d. lymphatic tissue does not form blood cells
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
49. Aplastic anemia can be caused by
a. severe hemorrhage
b. damage to blood forming elements in the bone marrow
c. a lack of vitamin B12
d. an inherited condition resulting in the formation of abnormal hemoglobin
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
50. Sickle-cell anemia can be caused by
a. severe hemorrhage
b. damage to blood-forming elements in the bone marrow
c. a lack of vitamin B12
d. an inherited condition resulting in the formation of abnormal hemoglobin
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
51. The lack of this substance produced by the stomach lining can cause pernicious anemia.
a. Hemoglobin
b. Vitamin B12
c. Intrinsic factor
d. Fibrin
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
52. These plasma proteins are necessary for blood clotting
a. globulins
b. fibrinogen
c. prothrombin
d. both b and c
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 273
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53. The hematocrit test measures
a. the volume of blood made up of red blood cells
b. the volume of blood made up of both red and white blood cells
c. the volume of blood made up of plasma
d. both a and b
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
REF: p. 266
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hematocrit test
TRUE/FALSE
1. Plasma is made up mostly of water.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
2. The globulins in the plasma are important in blood-clot formation.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
3. Fibrinogens in the plasma help the body fight infection.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
4. Albumins in the plasma help thicken the blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 265
5. Serum can be given to surgical patients to help their blood clot more readily.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 265
OBJ: 2
6. Serum can be given to patients in need of a specific antibody.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 265
OBJ: 2
7. Both myeloid tissue and lymphatic tissue are important in hematopoiesis.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
OBJ: 3
8. Red bone marrow makes only red blood cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
9. Lymphatic tissue is also called red bone marrow.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
10. Myeloid tissue is also called red bone marrow.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
11. Red bone marrow is chiefly found in the vertebrae and clavicle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
12. Red bone marrow is chiefly found in the sternum, hipbone, and ribs.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
13. Lymphatic tissue forms monocytes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
14. Lymphatic tissue is located in the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
15. Red blood cells circulate for up to 4 months.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
16. When the red blood cells break apart, their components are removed from the blood by the
kidneys.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
17. Granular leukocytes may have a circulating life span of up to 6 months.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
18. Nongranular leukocytes have a circulating life span of just a few days.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
19. The shape of the red blood cell helps reduce its surface area.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 266
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OBJ: 4
TOP: Red blood cells
20. The red blood cells have no nucleus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Red blood cells
REF: p. 266
21. Hemoglobin can carry oxygen.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Red blood cells
REF: p. 266
22. Hemoglobin can carry carbon dioxide.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Red blood cells
REF: p. 266
23. Oxyhemoglobin carries oxygen from the cells to the lungs.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Red blood cells
REF: p. 267
OBJ: 4
24. Pernicious anemia results from a lack of iron in the blood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
25. The loss of a large amount of blood can result in anemia.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 267
26. Polycythemia can result from too little hemoglobin even if there is an adequate number of red
blood cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
27. Normally, about 55% of the blood volume is red blood cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hematocrit test
REF: p. 267
28. If a test tube of blood is “spun down” in a centrifuge, the white blood cells and platelets form
a layer called the buffy coat.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hematocrit test
REF: p. 267
29. A person with polycythemia would have a red blood cell volume less than 45%.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 268
OBJ: 4
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TOP: Anemia, Hematocrit test
30. A person with anemia might have a red blood cell volume as high as 65%.
ANS: F
TOP: Anemia
DIF: Application
REF: p. 268
OBJ: 4
31. Both monocytes and neutrophils can be called phagocytes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Leukocyte types and functions
REF: pp. 272-273
32. The production of antibodies by T lymphocytes is an important part of the immune system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Leukocyte types and functions
REF: p. 273
33. Eosinophils release important chemicals, such as heparin, that prevent blood clots.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Leukocyte types and functions
REF: p. 273
34. Prothrombin activator plus the normal amount of blood sodium converts prothrombin into
thrombin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
35. Thrombin reacts with fibrinogen in the plasma to form fibrin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
36. At the site of an injury, platelets become sticky and form a platelet plug.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
37. Vitamin K stimulates the liver to produce more fibrinogen, which helps the blood clot more
efficiently.
ANS: F
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
38. A thrombus is a clot that stays in the place where it was formed.
ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: pp. 273, 275
39. An embolus is part of a clot that has become dislodged and circulates through the
bloodstream.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 7
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 275
40. If a patient were having a heart attack caused by a blood clot, heparin would be an effective
treatment in dissolving the clot.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 274
TOP: Clinical Application: Anticoagulant Therapy
OBJ: 7
41. If a patient were having a heart attack caused by a blood clot, streptokinase would be an
effective treatment in dissolving the clot.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 275
OBJ: 7
42. A person with B antigens on the red blood cell and anti-A antibodies in the plasma would
have type A blood.
ANS: F
TOP: Blood types
DIF: Application
REF: p. 269
OBJ: 5
43. A person with both A and B antigens on the red blood cell and no antibodies in the plasma
would have type AB blood.
ANS: T
TOP: Blood types
DIF: Application
REF: p. 269
OBJ: 5
44. A person with both A and B antigens on the red blood cell and no antibodies in the plasma
would have type O blood.
ANS: F
TOP: Blood types
DIF: Application
REF: p. 269
OBJ: 5
45. A person with no antigens on the red blood cell and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the
plasma would be considered a universal recipient.
ANS: F
TOP: Blood types
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 271
OBJ: 5
46. A person with no antigens on the red blood cell and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the
plasma would be considered a universal donor.
ANS: T
TOP: Blood types
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 271
OBJ: 5
47. The Rh factor is found in the plasma of the blood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Rh system
REF: p. 270
48. Erythroblastosis fetalis cannot occur if the mother is Rh-positive.
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ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Erythroblastosis fetalis
REF: p. 271
OBJ: 5
49. Erythroblastosis fetalis cannot occur if the father is Rh-negative.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Erythroblastosis fetalis
REF: p. 271
OBJ: 5
50. RhoGAM can be used to treat newborn babies to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Erythroblastosis fetalis
REF: p. 271
OBJ: 5
51. Plasma can also be called the extracellular part of the blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood composition
REF: p. 274
52. Serum consists of blood minus the formed elements whereas plasma consists of blood minus
the formed elements and clotting factors.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
OBJ: 2
53. Blood makes up about 10% to 15% of the body weight in an adult.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood composition
REF: p. 265
54. Most adults have between 4 and 6 liters of blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood composition
REF: p. 264
55. A neutrophil is a type of granular erythrocyte.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
56. A monocyte is a nongranular leukocyte.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
57. Both lymphocytes and monocytes are nongranular leukocytes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
58. The mature red blood cell contains fewer chromosomes than other cells in the body.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Red blood cells
REF: p. 266
OBJ: 4
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59. Anemia refers to an inadequate number of red blood cells.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 267
60. Pernicious, iron deficiency, and polycythemia are all examples of types of anemias.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
61. A possible cause of leukopenia is the malignant disease leukemia.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 272
62. An infection causes leukocytosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 272
63. Most people in the United States are Rh positive.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Rh system
REF: pp. 269-270
64. An important function of the circulatory system is protection.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 263
65. An important function of the lymphatic system is protection.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 263
66. Whole blood without the clotting factors is called serum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 265
67. In whole blood, the volume of plasma is larger than the volume of the formed elements.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood plasma
REF: p. 264
OBJ: 2
68. Although there are several types of white blood cells, there is only one type of red blood cell.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
OBJ: 3
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69. Hematocrit values tend to be higher in men than women and higher in older people than in
younger people.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hematocrit test
REF: p. 266
70. Dehydration would cause a temporary drop in hematocrit values.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hematocrit test
REF: p. 267
71. A differential white blood cell count gives the proportions of each type of white blood cell in
the blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 272
72. Eosinophils help protect against infections caused by certain parasites.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: pp. 272-273
73. Basophils secrete the chemical histamine during inflammatory reactions.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 273
74. Macrophages are specialized neutrophils that increase their size after migrating out of the
bloodstream.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Leukocyte types and functions
REF: p. 273
75. Blood is considered a fluid tissue.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood composition
REF: p. 264
76. In one cubic millimeter of blood, there are more red blood cells than white blood cells.
ANS: T
DIFF: Memorization
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 264
OBJ: 3
77. In one cubic millimeter of blood, there are more white blood cells than platelets.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 264
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78. Because red blood cells are constantly being destroyed, the body must make about 5 million
red blood cells a day.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Formed elements
REF: p. 265
OBJ: 3
79. A destruction of the blood-forming elements in bone marrow can lead to aplastic anemia.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
80. Sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait refer to the same disease.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
81. Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
82. Intrinsic factor produced by the liver is necessary for the formation of vitamin B12.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: p. 268
MATCHING
.Match each term with its definition or description.
Plasma
Serum
Red blood cell
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Myeloid tissue
Hemoglobin
Fibrinogen
Universal donor
Universal recipient
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Blood cells that carry oxygen
Another term for red bone marrow
Liquid part of the blood including the clotting factors
A plasma protein that is important in blood clot formation
White blood cells that fight parasites
Type O blood is considered to be this
Liquid part of the blood with the clotting factors removed
Type AB blood is considered to be this
Red pigment of the red blood cell
Types of white blood cells that are phagocytes
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1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
C
4
F
3
A
2
H
2
E
6
I
5
B
1
J
5
G
4
D
6
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Red blood cells
Memorization
Formed elements
Memorization
Blood plasma
Memorization
Blood plasma
Memorization
White blood cells
Memorization
Blood types
Memorization
Blood composition
Memorization
Blood types
Memorization
Red blood cells
Memorization
White blood cells
REF: p. 266
REF: p. 265
REF: p. 264
REF: p. 273
REF: pp. 272-273
REF: p. 271
REF: p. 265
REF: p. 271
REF: p. 266
REF: p. 271
Match the term with the description or definition.
Red blood cell
Lymphocyte
Thrombocyte
Globulin
Serum
Basophil
Albumin
Eosinophil
Plasma
Fibrinogen
Hematopoiesis
Leukemia
Platelet
Embolus
Formed elements
Anemia
Thrombus
Hematocrit test
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Plasma protein that helps thicken the blood
White blood cell that helps protect against parasites
White blood cell that can be made in lymphatic tissue
Plasma protein necessary for blood clot formation
Another term for platelet
White blood cell that secretes heparin
Liquid part of the blood
Plasma protein that includes antibodies
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Another term for erythrocyte
Liquid part of the blood minus the clotting factors
A formed element in the blood important in blood-clot formation
Process of blood-cell formation
A measure of the total blood volume made up by red blood cells
Part of a blood clot that has dislodged and is circulating through the bloodstream
A term for a number of conditions in which the blood is unable to carry a sufficient amount of
oxygen
26. Term for all the cells and cell fragments suspended in the blood
27. A term used to describe a number of blood cancers affecting white blood cells
28. A blood clot that stays in the place where it was formed
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
G
2
H
6
B
3
J
7
C
3
F
6
I
2
D
2
A
3
E
2
M
7
K
3
R
4
N
7
P
4
O
1
L
6
Q
7
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Blood plasma
Memorization
White blood cells
Memorization
Formed elements
Memorization
Platelets and blood clotting
Memorization
Formed elements
Memorization
White blood cells
Memorization
Blood plasma
Memorization
Blood plasma
Memorization
Formed elements
Memorization
Blood plasma
Memorization
Platelets and blood clotting
Memorization
Formed elements
Memorization
Hematocrit test
Memorization
Platelets and blood clotting
Memorization
Anemia
Memorization
Blood composition
Memorization
White blood cell disorders
Memorization
Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 264
REF: pp. 272-273
REF: p. 273
REF: p. 273
REF: p. 273
REF: p. 273
REF: p. 264
REF: p. 264
REF: p. 265
REF: p. 264
REF: p. 273
REF: p. 265
REF: p. 266
REF: p. 275
REF: p. 267
REF: p. 264
REF: p. 273
REF: pp. 273, 275
Match the term with the description or definition.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Hematocrit
Anemia
Sickle cell
Polycythemia
Rh factor
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Fibrinogen
Phagocytosis
Thrombosis
Severe hereditary disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin
Excess amount of red blood cells
Abnormally low white blood cell count
Plasma protein
A condition caused by a stationary blood clot
Blood disease caused by mother’s Rh antibodies reacting with the baby’s Rh positive cells
Lab test that measures total blood volume made up by red blood cells
Abnormally high white blood cell count
Inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body cells
Process of taking in invading microorganisms and digesting them
Presence or absence of Rh antigens
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
C
8
D
8
H
8
I
8
K
8
F
8
A
8
G
8
B
8
J
8
E
8
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
Memorization
Medical terms
REF: p. 268
REF: p. 268
REF: p. 272
REF: p. 273
REF: p. 275
REF: p. 271
REF: pp. 266-267
REF: p. 272
REF: p. 267
REF: p. 272
REF: pp. 271-272
ESSAY
1. Explain the difference between serum and plasma.
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood composition
REF: pp. 264-265
OBJ: 2
2. Describe the shape of the red blood cell. How does this shape allow it to function more
efficiently?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 266
OBJ: 4
TOP: Blood composition
3. Explain the different roles played by B and T lymphocytes in the immune system.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: p. 273
OBJ: 6
4. Name the three granular white blood cells and give a function of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cells
REF: pp. 272-273
OBJ: 6
5. Explain fully the process of blood-clot formation.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting
REF: p. 273
OBJ: 7
6. Distinguish between the formation of a blood clot and the agglutination caused by the mixing
of two different blood types.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 264-265, 269
TOP: Blood composition, Blood types
OBJ: 5
7. If a patient was having a stroke caused by a blood clot, which treatment would be more
effective, giving the patient heparin or giving the patient streptokinase? Explain your answer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 274-275 OBJ: 7
TOP: Platelets and blood clotting, Clinical Application: Anticoagulant Therapy
8. Explain the difference between type A blood and type B blood.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood types
REF: pp. 269-270
OBJ: 5
9. What is it about type O blood that allows it to be considered the universal donor blood type?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 271
OBJ: 5
TOP: Blood types
10. Explain how erythroblastosis fetalis develops. Why must the mother be Rh-negative for it to
occur?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 271
TOP: Rh system, Erythroblastosis fetalis
OBJ: 5
11. Name and explain the different types of anemia discussed in the chapter.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anemia
REF: pp. 267-268
OBJ: 4
12. What is leukemia? Name and explain types of leukemia.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: White blood cell disorders
REF: p. 273
OBJ: 6
13. If whole blood were spun down in a hematocrit test, describe the layers that would form in the
test tube.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hematocrit test
REF: p. 267
OBJ: 4
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Chapter 13: Cardiovascular System
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The heart is located
a. mostly to the left of the midline of the sternum
b. mostly to the right of the midline of the sternum
c. with the apex slightly below the clavicle
d. both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 284
TOP: Heart—Location, size, and position
2. The chambers of the heart include
a. two upper larger chambers called the atria
b. two lower smaller chambers called the ventricles
c. two lower larger chambers called the ventricles
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart—Anatomy
REF: p. 285
3. The upper chambers are
a. discharging chambers
b. called ventricles
c. receiving chambers
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart—Anatomy
REF: p. 285
4. The innermost layer of the heart is called the
a. epicardium
b. endocardium
c. visceral pericardium
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart—Anatomy
REF: p. 285
5. The outermost layer of the heart is called the
a. epicardium
b. endocardium
c. visceral pericardium
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 286
TOP: Heart—Covering sac, or pericardium
6. The pericardium
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a.
b.
c.
d.
is a sac surrounding the heart
has an outer layer called the parietal pericardium
has an inner layer called the epicardium
all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 286
TOP: Heart—Covering sac, or pericardium
7. In the pumping action of the heart
a. atrial systole follows ventricular systole
b. atrial systole precedes ventricular systole
c. atrial and ventricular systole occur at the same time
d. none of the above
ANS: B
TOP: Heart action
DIF: Application
REF: p. 286
OBJ: 1
8. The heart valves are arranged with the
a. mitral and pulmonary semilunar valves on the right side of the heart
b. bicuspid and aortic semilunar valves on the right side of the heart
c. tricuspid and pulmonary semilunar valves on the right side of the heart
d. tricuspid and aortic semilunar valves on the left side of the heart
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart valves
REF: p. 286
9. The first heart sound is the closing of the
a. pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar valves
b. tricuspid and mitral valves
c. mitral and bicuspid valves
d. tricuspid and pulmonary semilunar valves
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart sounds
REF: p. 286
10. The superior vena cava carries
a. oxygen-rich blood to the right atrium
b. oxygen-poor blood to the left atrium
c. oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium
d. oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: p. 286
11. When the left ventricle contracts, it pushes blood through a valve to the
a. aorta
b. pulmonary artery
c. pulmonary vein
d. inferior vena cava
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: pp. 286-287
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12. The pulmonary vein returns oxygen-rich blood to the
a. right atrium
b. right ventricle
c. left atrium
d. left ventricle
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: p. 286
13. The right side of the heart
a. deals with oxygen-poor blood
b. deals with oxygen-rich blood
c. is the pump for systemic circulation
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
14.
REF: p. 286
OBJ: 2
The heart is supplied with blood by
a. diffusion through the heart wall
b. the right and left cardiac arteries
c. arteries that branch directly from the pulmonary artery
d. arteries that branch directly from the aorta
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood supply to the heart muscle
REF: p. 288
15. The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat is called
a. cardiac output
b. stroke volume
c. systole
d. the cardiac cycle
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiac cycle
REF: p. 292
16. The electrical connectors between heart muscle cells are called
a. myocardium
b. sinoatrial nodes
c. intercalated disks
d. Purkinje fibers
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
17. The “pacemaker” for the heart is usually the
a. sinoatrial node
b. Purkinje fibers
c. bundle of His
d. atrioventricular bundle
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
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18. The correct sequence for the conducting system is
a. sinoatrial node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His
b. sinoatrial node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
c. sinoatrial node, bundle of His, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
d. sinoatrial node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle, AV node
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
OBJ: 3
19. In a normal ECG tracing, the T wave represents the
a. repolarization of the atria
b. depolarization of the atria
c. repolarization of the ventricles
d. depolarization of the ventricles
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
20. In a normal ECG tracing, the QRS complex represents the
a. repolarization of the atria
b. depolarization of the atria
c. repolarization of the ventricles
d. depolarization of the ventricles
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
21. Which tracing in a normal ECG is the repolarization of the atria?
a. The P wave
b. The QRS complex
c. The T wave
d. None of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
22. The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are the
a. veins
b. venules
c. arteries
d. capillaries
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Types
REF: p. 294
23. The blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are the
a. veins
b. arteries
c. arterioles
d. capillaries
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 294
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OBJ: 4
TOP: Blood vessels—Types
24. The outermost layer of an artery or vein is called the
a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. tunica adventitia
d. endothelium
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Structure
REF: p. 294
25. The innermost layer of an artery or vein is called the
a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. endothelium
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Structure
REF: p. 295
26. The layer of the arteries and veins that contains smooth muscle tissue is the
a. tunica media
b. tunica intima
c. endothelium
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Structure
REF: p. 294
27. One-way valves are found in which blood vessels?
a. Capillaries
b. Veins
c. Arteries
d. Arterioles
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Structure
REF: p. 295
28. The first blood vessel of systemic circulation is the
a. pulmonary artery
b. pulmonary vein
c. aorta
d. superior vena cava
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 299
TOP: Systemic and pulmonary circulation
OBJ: 5
29. The last blood vessel of pulmonary circulation is the
a. pulmonary artery
b. pulmonary vein
c. aorta
d. superior vena cava
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ANS: B
DIF: Application REF: p. 299
TOP: Systemic and pulmonary circulation
OBJ: 5
30. The hepatic portal system
a. is the second capillary system
b. receives venous blood from the digestive system
c. helps maintain glucose homeostasis
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hepatic portal circulation
REF: pp. 300-301
31. The structure in the fetus that allows the blood to bypass the liver is the
a. ductus venosus
b. ductus arteriosus
c. foramen ovale
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fetal circulation
REF: p. 302
32. The structure in the fetus that allows the blood to bypass the lungs is the
a. ductus venosus
b. ductus arteriosus
c. foramen ovale
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fetal circulation
REF: p. 302
33. Blood pressure is highest in the aorta and lowest in the
a. arterioles
b. capillaries
c. arteries
d. superior and inferior vena cava
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood pressure
REF: p. 302
34. As the viscosity level of the blood
a. decreases, the blood pressure increases
b. increases, the blood pressure decreases
c. increases, the blood pressure increases
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood pressure
REF: p. 304
OBJ: 6
35. Central venous blood pressure
a. can be almost zero in the inferior vena cava
b. is usually 120 mm Hg during systole
c. is usually 80 mm Hg during diastole
d. both b and c above
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ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Fluctuations in blood pressure
REF: p. 306
OBJ: 6
36. Which of the following assists in moving venous blood back to the heart?
a. Contraction of skeletal muscles
b. One-way valves in the veins
c. The changing pressure in the chest caused by breathing
d. All of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood pressure
REF: p. 306
37. Pulse
a. can only be felt in the neck or upper body
b. can be felt only in veins
c. can be felt only in arteries
d. requires that a vein pass over a bone
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pulse
REF: p. 306
38. The apical beat can best be heard
a. in the space between the third and fourth rib
b. on a line even with the midpoint of the left clavicle
c. in the space between the fifth and sixth rib
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 284
TOP: Heart—Location, size, and position
39. Which of the following is not true of the atria?
a. Receive blood from arteries returning to the heart
b. Are called receiving chambers
c. Have thinner walls than ventricles
d. All of the above are true
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart chambers
REF: p. 285
40. Which of the following is not true of ventricles?
a. Are called discharging chambers
b. Pump blood into the arteries
c. Have thinner walls than atria
d. All of the above are true
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart chambers
REF: p. 285
41. The tricuspid valve is located between the
a. left atrium and left ventricle
b. right atrium and right ventricle
c. right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
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d. left ventricle and the aorta
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart valves
REF: p. 286
42. Cardiac output is
a. the volume of blood pumped from both ventricles per minute
b. the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle per minute
c. about 5 liters in the average adult
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiac cycle
REF: p. 292
43. Which of the following is not true of arteries?
a. They carry blood away from the capillaries.
b. They carry blood away from the heart.
c. They have thicker tunica media than do veins.
d. Their innermost layer is composed of endothelium.
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels
REF: p. 294
44. Which of the following is not true of veins?
a. Blood drains into them from venules.
b. They carry blood back to the heart.
c. They have a thicker tunica media than do arteries.
d. Their innermost layer is called the tunica intima.
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels
REF: p. 294
45. Another name for the visceral pericardium is the
a. epicardium
b. endocardium
c. myocardium
d. visceral pericardium is not known by another name
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 286
TOP: Heart—Covering sac, or pericardium
46. Another name for the parietal pericardium is the
a. epicardium
b. endocardium
c. myocardium
d. parietal pericardium is not known by another name
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 286
TOP: Heart—Covering sac, or pericardium
47. The pericardium is composed of
a. muscle tissue
b. columnar epithelial tissue
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c. serous membrane
d. fibrous connective tissue
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Covering sac, or pericardium
REF: p. 286
48. The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat is called
a. stroke volume
b. cardiac output
c. cardiac cycle
d. both a and b
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiac cycle
REF: p. 292
49. Blood that has just passed through the bicuspid valve is in the
a. aorta
b. right ventricle
c. left ventricle
d. pulmonary artery
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: p. 286
50. Blood that has just passed through the bicuspid valve is in the
a. aorta
b. right ventricle
c. left ventricle
d. pulmonary artery
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: p. 292
51. Blood in the pulmonary artery
a. was ejected from the left ventricle
b. is rich in oxygen
c. has just passed through a semilunar valve
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: pp. 286-287
52. Blood in the aorta
a. was ejected from the left ventricle
b. is rich in oxygen
c. has just passed through a semilunar valve
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: pp. 286-287
53. Chordae tendineae
a. are attached to the semilunar valves
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b. are attached to the atrioventricular valves
c. are attached to the walls of the atria
d. both b and c
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart valves
REF: p. 286
54. Another name for a heart attack is a(n)
a. embolism
b. angina pectoris
c. myocardial infarction
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood supply to the heart muscle
REF: p. 288
TRUE/FALSE
1. About one third of the heart lies to the left of the midline of the sternum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart—Location, size, and position
REF: p. 284
2. The blunt point of the heart is called the apex of the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart—Location, size, and position
REF: p. 284
3. The septum, which divides the upper chambers of the heart into right and left sides, is called
the interventricular septum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart—Heart chambers
REF: p. 285
4. The parietal pericardium is also called the epicardium.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 286
TOP: Heart—Covering sac, or pericardium
5. One of the functions of the pericardium is to reduce the friction created by the beating heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 286
TOP: Heart—Covering sac, or pericardium
6. A heart attack that causes injury to the myocardium will weaken the heart’s ability to pump
blood.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Heart chambers
REF: p. 285
OBJ: 1
7. The myocardium is working hardest when the heart is in diastole.
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ANS: F
TOP: Heart action
DIF: Application
REF: p. 286
OBJ: 1
8. In the contracting heart, atrial systole is usually stronger than ventricular systole.
ANS: F
TOP: Heart action
DIF: Application
REF: p. 286
OBJ: 1
9. The tricuspid valve keeps blood from flowing back into the left atrium.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart valves
REF: p. 286
10. The mitral valve, the bicuspid valve, and the left atrioventricular valve all refer to the same
structure.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart valves
REF: p. 286
11. Semilunar valves are between ventricles and arteries.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart valves
REF: p. 286
12. Valves are important in keeping the blood flow in the heart going in only one direction.
ANS: T
TOP: Heart valves
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 286, 295
OBJ: 1
13. The chordae tendineae are stringlike structures attached to the semilunar valves.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart valves
REF: p. 286
14. The right ventricle provides the force to push the blood through systemic circulation.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: pp. 286-287
15. In pulmonary circulation, arteries carry oxygen-poor blood. In systemic circulation, arteries
carry oxygen-rich blood.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: p. 288
OBJ: 2
16. In pulmonary circulation, veins carry oxygen-poor blood. In systemic circulation, veins carry
oxygen-rich blood.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: p. 288
OBJ: 2
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17. Both a myocardial infarction and angina pectoris are a result of an insufficient amount of
oxygen getting to the heart muscle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood supply to the heart muscle
REF: p. 288
18. The stroke volume of a normal resting adult is about 5 liters.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiac cycle
REF: p. 292
19. Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in 1 minute.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiac cycle
REF: p. 292
20. During exercise, the greatest increase in blood flow is to the cardiac muscle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 294
TOP: Health and Well-Being, Changes in blood flow during exercise
21. The intercalated disks that link the heart cells assist in the efficient conduction of the heart
contraction.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
22. The sinoatrial node is sometimes called the pacemaker of the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
23. The AV node initiates the contraction of the atria.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
24. The Purkinje fibers and the bundle of His are involved in the contraction of the ventricles.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
25. A patient with a serious heart block may be treated with an artificial pacemaker.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
OBJ: 3
26. An ECG is a graphic representation of the heart’s electrical activity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 291
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27. An unusual P wave tracing on an ECG would indicate a problem with ventricular
depolarization.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
OBJ: 3
28. The QRS complex on an ECG measures the repolarization of the ventricles.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
29. The T wave tracing measures atrial repolarization.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
30. Depolarization occurs just before contraction.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
31. Repolarization occurs just before contraction.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
32. The QRS complex usually hides the repolarization of the atria.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
33. A patient with a very unusual P wave is more seriously ill than a patient with a very unusual
QRS complex.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
OBJ: 3
34. Veins always carry blood back to the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels
REF: p. 294
35. Veins always carry oxygen-poor blood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels | Circulation
REF: pp. 286, 288
36. Arteries always carry blood away from the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Functions
REF: p. 294
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37. Arteries always carry oxygen-rich blood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels | Circulation
REF: p. 296
38. Every blood vessel in the body has the tunica media layer.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood vessels—Structure
REF: pp. 294-295
OBJ: 4
39. Every blood vessel in the body has the tunica intima layer.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood vessels—Structure
REF: p. 295
OBJ: 4
40. Veins have one-way valves that are not present in arteries.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Structure
REF: p. 295
41. Systemic circulation begins in the left ventricle or aorta and ends in the vena cava or right
atrium.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Circulation of blood
REF: p. 299
42. Pulmonary circulation begins in the pulmonary artery or right ventricle and ends in the
pulmonary vein or right atrium.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Circulation of blood
REF: p. 299
43. The hepatic portal vein connects the blood leaving the liver to the inferior vena cava.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hepatic portal circulation
REF: p. 300
44. The hepatic portal system sends blood through two sets of capillary beds rather than the usual
one set of capillaries.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hepatic portal circulation
REF: p. 300
45. One function of the hepatic portal system is to help maintain glucose homeostasis in the
blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hepatic portal circulation
REF: p. 301
46. The ductus arteriosus allows the blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the immature liver of
the fetus.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fetal circulation
REF: p. 302
47. The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fetal circulation
REF: p. 302
48. The foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus allow the blood in the fetus to bypass the
immature liver.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fetal circulation
REF: p. 302
49. The foramen ovale shunts blood from the right ventricle to the left ventricle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fetal circulation
REF: p. 302
50. The ductus arteriosus connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fetal circulation
REF: p. 302
51. Blood pressure is highest in the aorta and lowest in the capillaries.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood pressure
REF: p. 302
52. Blood pressure increases from the capillaries to the inferior vena cava.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood pressure
REF: p. 303
53. Whereas high blood pressure can cause arterial rupture and strokes, very low blood pressure is
always healthy.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood pressure
REF: p. 303
OBJ: 6
54. In general, as blood volume in the arteries increases, the blood pressure increases.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 303
TOP: Factors that influence blood pressure
OBJ: 6
55. An increase in heart rate always leads to an increase in blood pressure.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 304
TOP: Factors that influence blood pressure
OBJ: 6
56. In general, as blood viscosity drops, blood pressure increases.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 304
TOP: Factors that influence blood pressure
57. Contracting skeletal muscles and breathing help the veins return blood to the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluctuations in blood pressure
REF: p. 306
58. The apex of the heart lies on the diaphragm muscle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 284
TOP: Heart—Location, size, and position
59. The muscle tissue of the heart is called myocardium.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart chambers
REF: p. 285
60. The visceral pericardium is also called the endocardium.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Covering sac, or pericardium
REF: p. 286
61. The pericardium consists of two layers, the parietal pericardium and the epicardium.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Covering sac, or pericardium
REF: p. 286
62. Atrial systole and ventricular systole occur at the same time.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart action
REF: p. 286
63. Both semilunar valves are attached to the heart wall by chordae tendineae.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart valves
REF: p. 286
64. A damaged chordae tendineae could affect the functioning of the tricuspid valve.
ANS: T
TOP: Heart valves
DIF: Application
REF: p. 286
OBJ: 1
65. The term angioplasty refers to the medical procedure in which a vein from another part of the
body is used to direct blood flow around a blocked artery in the heart.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood supply to the heart muscle
REF: p. 289
66. Cardiac veins empty into the superior vena cava, which drains into the right atrium.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood supply to the heart muscle
REF: p. 289
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67. One function of arteries is to serve as blood reservoirs.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Functions
REF: p. 296
68. In the capillaries, glucose and carbon dioxide move in opposite directions.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Functions
REF: p. 296
69. A heart that is beating weakly will cause a drop in the central venous pressure.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluctuations in blood pressure
REF: p. 306
70. Normal average diastolic pressure is about 120 mm Hg.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluctuations in blood pressure
REF: p. 304
71. The heart is located in the mediastinum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 284
TOP: Heart—Location, size, and position
72. The apical beat of the heart can be heard between the 5th and 6th ribs.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 284
TOP: Heart—Location, size, and position
73. The apex of the heart is the most inferior and pointed part of the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 284
TOP: Heart—Location, size, and position
74. A drop of blood would pass through the mitral valve before it passed through the tricuspid
valve.
ANS: F
TOP: Heart valves
DIF: Application
REF: p. 286
OBJ: 1
75. The blood passing through the pulmonary semilunar valve contains a high oxygen content.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: p. 288
OBJ: 2
76. The medically correct name for a “heart attack” is angina pectoris.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood supply to the heart muscle
REF: p. 288
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77. The coronary sinus carries blood from the aorta to the muscle of the heart.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood supply to the heart muscle
REF: p. 288
78. The terms “cardiac output” and “stroke volume” mean the same thing.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiac cycle
REF: p. 292
79. The P wave, QRS complex, and T wave in an ECG all record depolarizations in different parts
of the heart.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Electrocardiogram
REF: p. 292
OBJ: 3
80. Both arteries and veins have the ability to dilate and constrict to regulate the amount of blood
passing through them.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Functions
REF: p. 296
81. The terms “high blood pressure” and “hypertension” mean the same thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood pressure
REF: p. 303
82. Together the cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels make up the circulatory system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 283
83. Ventricles are referred to as the receiving chambers of the heart.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart chambers
REF: p. 285
84. The atria are referred to as the receiving chambers of the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart chambers
REF: p. 285
85. Ventricles are referred to as the discharging chambers of the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart chambers
REF: p. 285
86. The first of the heart sounds is caused by the closing of the semilunar valves.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart sounds
REF: p. 286
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87. The first of the heart sounds is caused by the closing of the AV valves.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart sounds
REF: p. 286
88. The blood in the heart supplies the myocardium with food and oxygen by the process of
diffusion.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood supply to the heart muscle
REF: p. 288
89. The cardiac output will always be larger than the stroke volume.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiac cycle
REF: p. 292
90. The cardiac cycle consists of both systole and diastole.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cardiac cycle
REF: p. 290
91. The bundles of His are the last part of the conduction system of the heart.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
92. Smooth muscle cells called precapillary sphincters guard the entrances to capillaries and
determine the amount of blood that will flow into each capillary.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels—Structure
REF: p. 295
93. The umbilical cord contains two veins and one artery.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fetal circulation
REF: p. 301
94. Hemodynamics refers to the set of processes that influence the flow of blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hemodynamics
REF: p. 302
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
Atria
Ventricles
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Chordae tendineae
Semilunar
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
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g.
h.
i.
j.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Parietal pericardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
Innermost layer of the heart wall
Valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle
Valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle
Another term for the visceral pericardium
Receiving chambers of the heart
Fibrous sac surrounding the heart
Valve between a ventricle and an artery
Discharging chambers of the heart
Stringlike structures that attach to the atrioventricular valves of the heart
Muscle layer of the heart
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
J
1
C
1
D
1
I
1
A
1
G
1
F
1
B
1
E
1
H
1
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Heart—Heart chambers
Memorization
Heart valves
Memorization
Heart valves
Memorization
Covering sac, or pericardium
Memorization Heart—
Heart chambers
Memorization
Covering sac, or pericardium
Memorization
Heart valves
Memorization
Heart—Heart chambers
Memorization
Heart valves
Memorization Heart—
Heart chambers
REF: p. 285
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 285
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 285
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 285
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
Systole
Diastole
Cardiac cycle
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Sinoatrial node
Purkinje fiber
P wave
QRS complex
T wave
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
11. “Pacemaker” of the heart
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12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Relaxation of the heart muscle
ECG tracing indicating the depolarization of the atria
Volume of blood ejected from the ventricle during each beat
Last structure in the heart conduction system; stimulates the ventricles to contract
ECG tracing indicating the repolarization of the ventricles
Contraction of the heart muscle
ECG tracing indicating the depolarization of the ventricles
Each complete heartbeat
Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in 1 minute
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
F
3
B
1
H
3
D
2
G
3
J
3
A
1
I
3
C
2
E
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Conduction system of the heart
Memorization
Heart action
Memorization
Electrocardiogram
Memorization
Cardiac cycle
Memorization
Conduction system of the heart
Memorization
Electrocardiogram
Memorization
Heart action
Memorization
Electrocardiogram
Memorization
Cardiac cycle
Memorization
Cardiac cycle
REF: p. 291
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 292
REF: p. 292
REF: p. 291
REF: p. 292
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 292
REF: p. 290
REF: p. 292
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
Artery
Vein
Capillary
Tunica adventitia
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus
Hepatic portal system
Pulse
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Innermost layer of an artery or vein
Expanding and recoiling of an artery due to the force of blood
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Blood vessel that allows fetal blood to bypass the immature liver
Outermost layer of an artery or vein
Blood vessel that allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs
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27.
28.
29.
30.
Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
Second capillary bed in the liver, containing blood coming from the digestive system
Muscle layer of an artery or vein
Blood vessels that exchange substances between the blood and tissues
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
E
4
J
6
A
4
H
5
D
4
G
5
B
4
I
5
F
4
C
4
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Blood vessels
Memorization
Pulse
Memorization
Blood vessels
Memorization
Fetal circulation
Memorization
Blood vessels
Memorization
Fetal circulation
Memorization
Blood vessels
Memorization
Hepatic portal circulation
Memorization
Blood vessels—Structure
Memorization
Blood vessels—Functions
REF: p. 295
REF: p. 306
REF: p. 294
REF: p. 302
REF: p. 294
REF: p. 302
REF: p. 294
REF: p. 300
REF: p. 295
REF: p. 296
Match the structure with the description.
a. Right atrium
b. Right ventricle
c. Left atrium
d. Left ventricle
e. Tricuspid valve
f. Mitral valve
g. Aortic semilunar valve
h. Pulmonary semilunar valve
i. Aorta
j. Pulmonary artery
k. Pulmonary vein
l. Inferior vena cava
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Blood passing through the tricuspid valve enters this chamber
Valve that prevents blood from falling back into the left ventricle
Chamber that pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve when contracted
Valve through which the left ventricle pushes blood into an artery
Blood vessel from which blood empties into the right atrium
Blood vessel that returns blood to the right atrium
Chamber that blood from the pulmonary vein enters
Valve that prevents blood from falling back into the right ventricle
Valve that blood in the left ventricle passes through
Blood vessel into which blood in the right ventricle is pushed
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41. Valve that blood in the right ventricle passes through
42. Heart chamber into which blood from the superior vena cava enters
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
35.
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
40.
OBJ:
41. ANS:
OBJ:
42. ANS:
OBJ:
B
2
G
2
D
2
I
2
L
2
K
2
C
2
H
2
F
2
J
2
E
2
A
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
REF: p. 286
Identify the order in which a drop of blood would pass from the superior vena cava to the
aorta.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
f. 6
g. 7
h. 8
i. 9
j. 10
k. 11
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
Pulmonary artery
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary vein
Mitral valve
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Lungs
Aortic semilunar valve
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51. Right atrium
52. Pulmonary semilunar valve
53. Left atrium
43. ANS:
OBJ:
44. ANS:
OBJ:
45. ANS:
OBJ:
46. ANS:
OBJ:
47. ANS:
OBJ:
48. ANS:
OBJ:
49. ANS:
OBJ:
50. ANS:
OBJ:
51. ANS:
OBJ:
52. ANS:
OBJ:
53. ANS:
OBJ:
E
2
B
2
G
2
I
2
C
2
J
2
F
2
K
2
A
2
D
2
H
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
Memorization
Blood flow through the heart
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
REF: pp. 286-287
ESSAY
1. Describe the location of the heart. What skeletal structures make CPR possible?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart—Location, size, and position
REF: pp. 284-285
OBJ: 1
2. Name and describe the three layers of the heart.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 285-286
TOP: Heart chambers, Covering sac, or pericardium
OBJ: 1
3. Define systole and diastole.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 286
OBJ: 1
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TOP: Heart action
4. Beginning at the superior vena cava and ending at the aorta, trace the flow of blood through
the heart, including all valves and blood vessels.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood flow through the heart
REF: pp. 286-287
OBJ: 2
5. Name the parts of the heart conduction system and explain each of their roles.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction system of the heart
REF: p. 291
OBJ: 3
6. A person with an unusual P wave tracing on an ECG would be having problems with what
part of the heart?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 292
OBJ: 3
TOP: Electrocardiogram
7. Name the three layers of the arteries and veins. Why is the middle layer thicker in the arteries?
Which layer is frequently a factor in blood-clot formation?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood vessels
REF: pp. 294-295
OBJ: 4
8. Explain why capillaries are the most important blood vessels in the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 296
OBJ: 4
TOP: Blood vessels
9. Explain how the hepatic portal system helps maintain blood homeostasis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 300-301
OBJ: 5
TOP: Hepatic portal circulation
10. Explain how the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus make fetal circulation
more efficient.
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 301-302
OBJ: 5
TOP: Fetal circulation
11. What unique characteristic is shared by the pulmonary artery and umbilical artery?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: pp. 301-302
TOP: Circulation | Fetal circulation
OBJ: 5
12. Explain the possible problems that can develop from blood pressure that is too high and blood
pressure that is too low.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 303
OBJ: 6
TOP: Blood pressure
13. Explain the effects of blood volume and the strength of the heart contraction on blood
pressure.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 303
OBJ: 6
TOP: Blood pressure
14. Explain how an increase in heart rate can cause either an increase or decrease in blood
pressure.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 303-304
OBJ: 6
TOP: Blood pressure
15. Explain why a person with polycythemia is also likely to have high blood pressure.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 304
OBJ: 6
TOP: Blood pressure
16. Define pulse. Name five places in the body where a pulse can be felt.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pulse
REF: pp. 306-307
OBJ: 6
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17. Which ventricle of the heart has the largest stroke volume, the left or the right? Explain your
answer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 293, 304
OBJ: 2
TOP: Cardiac cycle, Circulation
18. Many types of medications are inactivated by the liver. Explain why, if these medications are
given orally, almost none of the active medication gets to the blood. Be specific.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 300-301
OBJ: 5
TOP: Hepatic portal circulation
19. Explain how the circulatory system helps to maintain the body’s homeostasis
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 283
OBJ: 1
TOP: Introduction
20. Describe and give the source of the heart sounds.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Heart sounds
REF: p. 286
OBJ: 1
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Chapter 14: Lymphatic System and Immunity
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following structures is not part of the lymphatic system?
a. Thyroid
b. Thymus
c. Spleen
d. All of the above structures are part of the lymphatic system
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 318
2. Which of the following is not a common characteristic shared by blood and lymph capillaries?
a. They are microscopic.
b. They have a layer of endothelium.
c. They have tight-fitting cells in the endothelial layer.
d. All of the above characteristics are shared by blood and lymph capillaries.
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
3. Which of the following is not a common characteristic shared by blood and lymph vessels?
a. Some contain one-way valves.
b. They contain continually circulating fluid.
c. They have a layer of simple squamous epithelium.
d. All of the above are characteristics shared by blood and lymph vessels.
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
4. Lymph is formed by
a. the kidney releasing fluid into the tissue space
b. plasma leaving the capillary
c. pressure on the blood caused by the pumping action of the heart
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
5. The thoracic duct
a. drains the right upper part of the body
b. drains about one fourth of the body’s lymph
c. is the largest lymph vessel in the body
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
6. The cisterna chyli
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a.
b.
c.
d.
is part of the right lymphatic duct
is part of the thoracic duct
is a special name given to lymph capillaries in the walls of the small intestine
are the lymph vessels inside the spleen
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
7. The name of the lymphatic vessels in the walls of the small intestine is
a. lacteals
b. cisterna chili
c. villi
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
8. Lymph nodes
a. have one afferent vessel
b. have several efferent vessels
c. contain phagocytic cells
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
9. Lymph can
a. carry cancer cells that can be trapped in lymph nodes
b. be a possible route for the spread of cancer
c. carry bacteria to lymph nodes
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 321
10. The thymus
a. helps T lymphocytes mature
b. continues to grow throughout life, peaking in size in late middle age
c. is the largest of the lymphatic structures
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 321
11. Which tonsils are located on either side of the throat?
a. Pharyngeal tonsils
b. Palatine tonsils
c. Adenoids
d. Both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tonsils
REF: p. 322
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12. Which tonsils are located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity?
a. Pharyngeal tonsils
b. Palatine tonsils
c. Adenoids
d. Both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tonsils
REF: p. 322
13. The spleen
a. is in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, lateral to the liver
b. helps filter out bacteria
c. salvages the calcium from old or damaged red blood cells
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
14.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spleen
REF: p. 322
Heat, one sign of inflammation, is caused by
a. increased blood flow to the inflamed area
b. increased vessel permeability
c. increased white blood cell concentration
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 324
15. Swelling, one sign of inflammation, is caused by
a. increased blood flow to the inflamed area
b. increased vessel permeability
c. increased white blood cell concentration
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 324
16. The inflammation response is part of
a. humoral immunity
b. cell-mediated immunity
c. specific immunity
d. nonspecific immunity
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 324
17. Receiving a flu shot to help protect you from getting the flu would be an example of
a. natural active immunity
b. natural passive immunity
c. artificial active immunity
d. artificial passive immunity
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
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18. The immunity that is passed from mother to fetus is an example of
a. natural active immunity
b. natural passive immunity
c. artificial active immunity
d. artificial passive immunity
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
19. If you have had the measles, you cannot get them again. This is an example of
a. natural active immunity
b. natural passive immunity
c. artificial active immunity
d. artificial passive immunity
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
20. A person exposed to hepatitis is given a shot of gamma globulin (an antibody against
hepatitis) to keep him from coming down with the disease. This is an example of
natural active immunity
natural passive immunity
artificial active immunity
artificial passive immunity
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
21. An antigen can be a
a. toxin
b. protein on a cancer cell membrane
c. protein on a bacterial cell membrane
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antibodies
REF: p. 327
22. Antigens
a. are produced by T lymphocytes
b. are produced by B lymphocytes
c. can combine with antibodies
d. both b and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antibodies
REF: p. 327
23. When an antigen and a complement protein combine
a. the complement inactivates the antigen
b. it helps kill cells on whose surface complement-binding takes place
c. the complement cascade is initiated
d. both b and c above
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ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antibodies
REF: p. 327
24. Complement
a. consists of a group of protein molecules
b. is activated by antibodies
c. is usually found in an inactive form in the blood
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Complement proteins
REF: p. 327
25. Complement helps kill harmful cells by
a. “drilling” a hole in the cell membrane
b. causing sodium to rapidly leak out of the cell
c. causing water to rapidly leak out of the cell
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Complement proteins
REF: p. 327
26. Which of the following cells is not a phagocyte?
a. Neutrophils
b. Lymphocytes
c. Macrophages
d. All of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system cells—Phagocytes
REF: p. 328
27. B cells
a. spend time developing in the thymus
b. have specific antibodies in their cell membranes
c. are responsible for cell-mediated immunity
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 329
TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes
28. Antigens cause immature B cells to
a. become T cells
b. become macrophages
c. become plasma cells
d. activate complement
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 329
TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes
29. Long-term immunity occurs when
a. T cells form plasma cells
b. neutrophils form plasma cells
c. macrophages form plasma cells
d. B cells form memory cells
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ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 330
TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes
30. T cells
a. spend time developing in the thymus
b. are responsible for cell-mediated immunity
c. respond to antigens by releasing antibodies
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 320
TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes
31. T cells
a. are important in long-term immunity because they form memory cells
b. can release as many as 2000 antibodies a second
c. can release poisons that can directly kill cells
d. form plasma cells when activated
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 320
TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes
32. These cells develop into macrophages once in the tissue.
a. Monocytes
b. Dendritic cells
c. Neutrophil
d. Memory cell
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
33.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system cells—Phagocytes
REF: p. 328
The main function of lacteals is
a. to return protein to the blood
b. to transport fats to the bloodstream
c. to move lymph to the right lymphatic duct
d. all of the above are functions of the lacteals
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
34. An important function of lymph nodes is
a. defense
b. formation of platelets
c. formation of white blood cells
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
35. Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?
a. Most of the thymus gland is found in the neck.
b. It produces hormones called thymosins.
c. It is the source and maturation site for T cells.
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d. It goes through the process of involution in later life.
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 321
36. Which of the following is not a function of the spleen?
a. It salvages iron from hemoglobin.
b. It acts as a reservoir for blood.
c. It is a site for the maturation of B cells.
d. It destroys worn out red blood cells.
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spleen
REF: p. 322
37. Which of the following is not part of the body’s nonspecific immunity?
a. Antibodies
b. The skin
c. Tears
d. Phagocytosis
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 323
38. Compliment-binding sites are located on
a. antigens
b. antibodies
c. B cells
d. T cells
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antibodies
REF: p. 326
39. Lymphocytes can be found in
a. lymph nodes
b. the thymus
c. the liver
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: p. 329
40. What type of fluid is called lymph when it enters a lymph vessel?
a. Serum
b. Interstitial fluid
c. Serous fluid
d. Blood plasma
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
41. Which of the following are called adenoids when they become swollen?
a. Palatine tonsils
b. Lingual tonsils
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c. Pharyngeal tonsils
d. Lymph nodes of the neck
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tonsils
REF: p. 322
42. Antibodies are important in what type of immune response?
a. Humoral immunity
b. Cell-mediated immunity
c. Innate immunity
d. The inflammation response
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antibodies
REF: p. 326
43. Which of the following is not a role of complement in the immune system?
a. Increasing the permeability of blood vessels
b. Attracting immune cells to the site of infection
c. Marking foreign cells for destruction
d. All of the above are roles of complement in the immune system
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Complement proteins
REF: p. 327
44. Lymph flowing through the lymphatic capillaries moves into larger vessels called
a. lymphatic venules
b. lymphatic arterioles
c. lymphatic arteries
d. both b and c
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
45. Lymph nodes can be
a. single cells
b. the size of a pinhead
c. the size of a lima bean
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
46. Lymph nodes
a. always have more efferent vessels than afferent vessels
b. always have more afferent vessels than efferent vessels
c. usually have the same number of afferent and efferent vessels
d. have various ratios of afferent and efferent vessels depending on their location
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
47. When T cells leave the thymus they can go to
a. the spleen
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b. the tonsils
c. lymph nodes
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 321
48. Tonsils at the base of the tongue are called
a. palatine tonsils
b. adenoids
c. lingual tonsils
d. pharyngeal tonsils
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tonsils
REF: p. 322
49. The largest lymphoid organ in the body is the
a. spleen
b. palatine tonsils
c. thymus
d. cisterna chyli
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spleen
REF: p. 322
50. The spleen has a very rich blood supply and may contain
a. 5 L of blood
b. 1 L of blood
c. 500 mL of blood
d. 100 mL of blood
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spleen
REF: p. 322
51. The function of the immune system is to protect the body from
a. disease-causing bacteria
b. transplanted foreign tissue
c. body cells that have become malignant or cancerous
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Function of the immune system
REF: p. 322
52. Nonspecific immunity is often called
a. the inflammatory response
b. in-bone immunity
c. innate immunity
d. T-cell–mediated immunity
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 322
53. This is not true of specific immunity
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a.
b.
c.
d.
reacts faster than nonspecific immunity
has a memory ability
produces a stronger response than nonspecific immunity
all of the above are true of specific immunity
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 324
54. This cell is not considered an antigen-presenting cell
a. dendritic cells
b. neutrophils
c. macrophages
d. all of the above are antigen-presenting cells
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Phagocytes
REF: p. 328
TRUE/FALSE
1. Much of the interstitial fluid that is pushed out of the blood vessels returns to the blood
vessels.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
2. Both the lymph capillaries and blood capillaries have a layer of endothelium.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
3. Both the lymph capillaries and blood capillaries have a layer of tightly fitting squamous
epithelium.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
4. Unlike blood vessels, lymph vessels have one-way valves to ensure the lymph moves in only
one direction.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
5. Lymph from about one fourth of the body drains into the thoracic duct.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
6. Lymph from about one fourth of the body drains into the right lymphatic duct.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
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7. The cisterna chyli is part of the right lymphatic duct that serves as a storage area for lymph.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
8. While the lymphatic system is part of the immune system, because lymph does not circulate, it
is not part of the circulatory system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 318
9. Lymph nodes are capable of filtering bacteria from the lymph.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
10. Lymph nodes typically have a single afferent vessel.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
11. Afferent vessels carry lymph toward the lymph node.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
12. Lymph typically has several efferent vessels.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
13. Efferent vessels carry lymph away from the lymph node.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
14. Lymph nodes can trap cancer cells that have been carried away from the primary cancer site.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 321
15. The lymphatic system may be the route that some cancers use to spread to other parts of the
body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 321
16. T lymphocytes mature in the thymus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 321
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17. The thymus reaches its largest functional size in mid-adulthood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 321
18. The tonsils located near the base of the tongue are called the palatine tonsils.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tonsils
REF: p. 322
19. The tonsils located on either side of the throat are called the lingual tonsils.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tonsils
REF: p. 322
20. The pharyngeal tonsils are also known as the adenoids.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tonsils
REF: p. 322
21. Tears contribute to nonspecific immunity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 323
22. The heat and redness of the inflammatory response are caused by an increase in vascular
permeability.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 324
23. The swelling and pain of the inflammatory response are caused by an increase in vascular
permeability.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 324
24. Nonspecific immunity usually is slower to respond than is specific immunity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 322
25. The immunity a nursing infant receives from her mother’s milk is an example of natural active
immunity.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
26. If you have had the mumps once, you cannot get them again. This is an example of natural
active immunity.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
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TOP: Specific immunity
27. Receiving the polio vaccine to prevent you from getting polio is an example of artificial
passive immunity.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
28. Someone with a severely compromised immune system would probably get very little benefit
from receiving a flu shot to keep him from getting the flu.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
29. If someone with a severely compromised immune system was exposed to hepatitis, it would
do him very little good to receive gamma globulin (antibodies to hepatitis).
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 324
OBJ: 2
30. Artificial active immunity can be effective even after a person has been exposed to the
infectious organism.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
31. Artificial passive immunity can be effective even after a person has been exposed to the
infectious organism.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
32. The surface protein on a cancer cell or a microorganism can be an antigen.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system molecules
REF: p. 326
33. An antibody and an antigen fit together like a key in a lock.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system molecules
REF: p. 326
34. Antigens have the ability to neutralize specific toxins in the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system molecules
REF: p. 327
35. When an antigen and an antibody unite, macrophages can destroy the antigen more efficiently.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system molecules
REF: p. 326
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36. The combination of an antigen and antibody can activate complement.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system molecules
REF: p. 327
37. Complement is a group of proteins that are usually found in an inactive form in the blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Complement proteins
REF: p. 327
38. Complement kills cells by drilling holes in the cell membrane, which allows sodium to rapidly
leave the cell.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Complement proteins
REF: p. 327
39. Complement kills cells by drilling holes in the cell membrane, which allows water to rapidly
leave the cell.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Complement proteins
REF: p. 327
40. Neutrophils are important phagocytes in the immune system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Phagocytes
REF: p. 328
41. When neutrophils migrate into the tissues, they are called macrophages.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Phagocytes
REF: p. 328
42. A dendritic cell is a highly branched phagocytic cell that migrates to tissues that are exposed
to the external environment.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Phagocytes
REF: p. 329
43. Both T cells and B cells are lymphocytes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: p. 329
44. B cells were named after an organ in birds called a bursa.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: p. 329
45. B cells reach maturity in the thymus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: p. 329
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46. When B cells come in contact with a specific antigen, they develop into plasma cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: p. 330
47. Plasma cells are responsible for long-term immunity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: p. 330
48. T cells are responsible for Long-term immunity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: p. 331
49. T cells are responsible for humoral immunity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: p. 331
50. T cells can kill invading cells directly by poisoning them and by releasing a substance that
attracts macrophages.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: pp. 331-332
51. Lymph is interstitial fluid that has entered a lymph vessel.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
OBJ: 1
52. The original source of lymph is blood plasma.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
53. An important role of the lymphatic system is fluid homeostasis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
54. The tunica media of lymph capillaries contains smooth muscle to help move lymph.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
55. Lymph nodes are found between the lymphatic capillaries and the right lymphatic duct or the
thoracic duct.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
OBJ: 1
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56. In the lymph node, biological filtration is accomplished by phagocytosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
57. The immune system is different from most systems because it is made up of cells and
molecules rather than large organs.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Function of the immune system
REF: p. 322
58. Inborn or innate immunity is an example of the body’s specific immunity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 324
59. The antibodies passed from the mother to the fetus before birth is an example of inherited
immunity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
60. Antibodies that attach to molecules on the surface of cells cause the cells to clump together, or
agglutinate.
ANS: T
TOP: Antibodies
DIF: Application
REF: p. 327
OBJ: 2
61. Both B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes come from stem cells in the bone marrow.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Development of B cells
REF: p. 329
62. Clones of B cells all share the same surface antibody molecule.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Development of B cells
REF: p. 330
63. By early adulthood, all immature B cells have been activated.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Development of B cells
REF: p. 329
64. Memory B cells outlive plasma B cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Development of B cells
REF: p. 330
65. Both T cells and B cells have antigen receptors on their cell membranes.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 331
OBJ: 4
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TOP: Development of B cells, Development of T cells
66. When blood plasma enters a lymph node it is called lymph.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
67. It is easier for substances to move into a lymph node than into a blood capillary.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: pp. 319-320
68. Lymph does not circulate through the lymph system the same way blood circulates through
the circulatory system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
69. Thymosins are hormones released by the thymus gland, which influence the development of B
lymphocytes.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 321
70. The spleen can hold about 100 mL of blood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spleen
REF: p. 322
71. The terms innate immunity and nonspecific immunity refer to the same thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 322
72. The main difference between active and passive immunity is where the immunity develops.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 325
OBJ: 2
73. A main difference between natural and artificial immunity is how the body was exposed to the
harmful agent.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 324
OBJ: 2
74. The combining sites on an antibody are only exposed when it is attached to an antigen.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antibodies
REF: p. 326
75. Adults can produce B lymphocytes in both the liver and red bone marrow.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymphocytes
REF: p. 329
76. Lymphatic capillaries in the spleen are called lacteals
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 320
77. The size of lymph nodes range between the size of a pinhead and a lima bean.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
78. The thymus is located in the mediastinum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 321
79. Involution describes the rapid growth of the thymus gland from childhood to puberty.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 321
80. The thymus gland is the largest lymphoid organ in the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spleen
REF: p. 322
81. One function of the spleen is to recycle the iron from worn out red blood cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spleen
REF: p. 322
82. The skin and mucous membranes are mechanical barriers of the nonspecific immune system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonspecific immunity
REF: p. 323
83. Nonspecific immunity is also called adaptive immunity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Specific immunity
REF: p. 322
84. Complement proteins play an important role in the inflammatory response.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Complement proteins
REF: p. 327
85. An important role that neutrophils play in the immune system is that of antigen-presenting
cells that trigger the specific immune response.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Phagocytes
REF: p. 329
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86. Many of the cytokines are proteins called interleukins.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune System Molecules
REF: p. 325
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
a. Right lymphatic duct
b. Thoracic duct
c. Cisterna chili
d. Efferent vessels
e. Afferent vessels
f. Thymus
g. Palatine tonsils
h. Pharyngeal tonsils
i. Lingual tonsils
j. Spleen
k. Lacteals
l. Lymph nodes
m. Thymosins
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Type of lymph vessel that moves lymph toward the lymph node
Structure in which T cells mature
Structures that can also be called adenoids
Structure that drains about one fourth of the lymph of the body
Type of lymph vessel that moves lymph away from the lymph node
Tonsils that are near the base of the tongue
A storage area for lymph in the thoracic duct
Tonsils that are on either side of the throat
Structure through which about three fourths of the lymph in the body drains
Largest organ of the lymphatic system
A group of hormones produced by the thymus gland
Lymphatic vessels in the wall of the small intestine
Structures that filter the lymph before it is returned to the blood
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
E
1
F
1
H
1
A
1
D
1
I
1
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Lymphatic system
Memorization
Lymphatic system
Memorization
Lymphatic system
Memorization
Lymphatic system
Memorization
Lymphatic system
Memorization
Lymphatic system
REF: p. 320
REF: p. 321
REF: p. 322
REF: p. 320
REF: p. 320
REF: p. 322
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7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
C
1
G
1
B
1
J
1
M
1
K
1
L
1
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Lymphatic system
Memorization
Lymphatic system
Memorization
Lymphatic system
Memorization
Lymphatic system
Memorization
Thymus
Memorization
Lymph and lymphatic vessels
Memorization
Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
REF: p. 322
REF: p. 320
REF: p. 322
REF: p. 321
REF: p. 320
REF: p. 320
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
Innate immunity
Inflammatory response
Natural active immunity
Artificial active immunity
Complement
Neutrophil
Antigen
Antibody
T cell
B cell
Artificial passive immunity
Natural passive immunity
Combining sites
Humoral immunity
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Plasma cells
Memory cells
Cell-mediated immunity
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Type of immunity you have to chickenpox after you have had chickenpox
A group of inactive proteins in the blood that can be activated by antibodies
An important phagocytic cell of the immune system, found in pus
A molecule that is produced and released by a plasma cell
A type of immunity that is inborn
A cell that is responsible for humoral immunity
Type of immunity you have to the flu after getting a flu shot
Cell responsible for cell-mediated immunity
A nonspecific immune response that includes redness and swelling
Something that can stimulate the production and release of antibodies
Type of immunity produced by B lymphocytes
An injection of antibodies made by someone else into another person’s body
Type of immunity produced by T lymphocytes
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27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
B cells that produce antibodies and release them into the blood
Type of immunity an infant receives from mother’s milk
Phagocytes that are highly branched and migrate to tissues exposed to the environment
B cells that are on “stand-by” to quickly respond to a reinvasion of the antigen
Monocytes that have migrated into tissues to became phagocytes
Parts of the antibody that have a “lock and key” fit with antigens
14. ANS: C
DIF:
TOP: Immune system
DIF:
15. ANS: E
TOP:
OBJ: 2
DIF:
16. ANS: F
OBJ: 2
TOP:
17. ANS: H
DIF:
OBJ: 3
TOP:
18. ANS: A
DIF:
TOP: Immune system
19. ANS: J
DIF:
OBJ: 4
TOP:
20. ANS: D
DIF:
TOP: Immune system
DIF:
21. ANS: I
OBJ: 4
TOP:
22. ANS: B
DIF:
OBJ: 2
TOP:
23. ANS: G
DIF:
OBJ: 3
TOP:
24. ANS: N
DIF:
OBJ: 3
TOP:
DIF:
25. ANS: K
OBJ: 2
TOP:
DIF:
26. ANS: S
OBJ: 4
TOP:
27. ANS: Q
DIF:
OBJ: 4
TOP:
28. ANS: L
DIF:
OBJ: 2
TOP:
29. ANS: P
DIF:
OBJ: 4
TOP:
DIF:
30. ANS: R
OBJ: 4
TOP:
DIF:
31. ANS: O
OBJ: 4
TOP:
32. ANS: M
DIF:
OBJ: 3
TOP:
Application
REF: p. 324
OBJ: 2
Memorization
Immune system molecules
Memorization
Immune system cells
Memorization
Immune system molecules
Application REF: p. 322
REF: p. 327
Memorization
Immune system cells
Application REF: p. 324
REF: p. 329
Memorization
Immune system cells
Memorization
Immune system
Memorization
Immune system molecules
Memorization
Antibodies
Memorization
Specific immunity
Memorization
Functions of T-cells
Memorization
Lymphocytes
Memorization
Specific immunity
Memorization
Phagocytes
Memorization
Lymphocytes
Memorization
Phagocytes
Memorization
Antibodies
REF: p. 329
REF: p. 326
REF: p. 326
OBJ: 2
OBJ: 2
REF: p. 324
REF: p. 326
REF: p. 326
REF: p. 324
REF: p. 331
REF: p. 330
REF: p. 325
REF: p. 329
REF: p. 330
REF: p. 328
REF: p. 326
ESSAY
1. Explain the formation of lymph and how it is returned to the circulatory system.
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
REF: p. 319
OBJ: 1
2. Explain the functioning of the lymph node.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lymph nodes
REF: p. 320
OBJ: 1
3. Where is the thymus? What function does it serve in the immune system?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thymus
REF: p. 321
OBJ: 1
4. Name and give the location of the three sets of tonsils. What is their function?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tonsils
REF: p. 322
OBJ: 1
5. Where is the spleen? What is its function?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spleen
REF: p. 322
OBJ: 1
6. Explain why a surgeon would examine the lymph nodes surrounding a cancerous tumor.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 320-321
OBJ: 1
TOP: Lymph nodes
7. Explain the role of the lymphatic system in the possible spread of breast cancer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 321
OBJ: 1
TOP: Lymph nodes
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8. List the types of natural and artificial immunity and give an example of each.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 324-325
OBJ: 2
TOP: Specific immunity
9. Name ways an antibody can help eliminate a harmful antigen.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system molecules
REF: pp. 326-327
OBJ: 3
10. What is complement? How is it activated? How does it cause damage to an invading cell?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system molecules
REF: p. 327
OBJ: 3
11. Explain what occurs after a B cell is exposed to an antigen. Include the role of the memory
cells.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system cells
REF: pp. 329-330
OBJ: 4
12. Explain the development and function of the T cell in the immune system. How does the T
cell cause damage to an invading cell?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Immune system cells
REF: pp. 330-331
OBJ: 4
13. Explain the impact HIV has on the immune system. Explain the difference between being
HIV positive and having AIDS.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 333
OBJ: 4
TOP: Clinical Application: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
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Chapter 15: Respiratory System
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following except the
a. nose
b. trachea
c. pharynx
d. larynx
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory tracts
REF: p. 343
2. The lower respiratory tract includes all of the following except the
a. trachea
b. bronchi
c. larynx
d. alveoli
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory tracts
REF: p. 343
3. The respiratory mucosa
a. lines most of the air distribution tubes
b. includes the wall of the alveoli
c. includes the wall of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
4. The respiratory membrane
a. lines most of the air distribution tubes
b. is another term for the respiratory mucosa
c. lines the alveoli
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
5. The mucous blanket
a. only covers the nose and throat
b. traps dust, pollen, and other contaminants
c. only covers the alveoli and bronchioles
d. both b and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
6. The respiratory mucosa helps protect the respiratory system by
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a.
b.
c.
d.
trapping bacteria
moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx
having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction
all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
7. The partition that divides the nasal cavities is called the
a. nasal septum
b. external nares
c. conchae
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 344
8. All of the following are paranasal sinuses except the
a. frontal sinus
b. maxillary sinus
c. sphenoid sinus
d. mandibular sinus
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 344
9. The paranasal sinuses
a. are lined with mucosa continuous with the nasal cavity
b. help lighten the weight of the skull bones
c. act as resonant chambers for sound
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 344
10. The lacrimal sacs drain directly into the
a. oropharynx
b. laryngopharynx
c. nasal cavity
d. larynx
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 344
11. Which of the following tubes does not enter or exit the pharynx?
a. Larynx
b. Esophagus
c. Auditory tubes
d. All of these tubes enter or exit the pharynx
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 344
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12. The thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) is part of the
a. larynx
b. oropharynx
c. nasopharynx
d. trachea
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
REF: p. 345
13. Which of these structures is not in the larynx?
a. Vocal cords
b. Palatine tonsils
c. Glottis
d. Epiglottis
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
REF: p. 345
14. The function of the epiglottis is to
a. anchor the vocal cords
b. change the pitch of the voice
c. keep food from entering the trachea
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
REF: p. 345
15. The trachea
a. is also called the windpipe
b. contains C-shaped rings of cartilage
c. is lined by respiratory mucosa
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trachea
REF: p. 346
16. All of the following structures contain cartilage in their walls except the
a. trachea
b. bronchioles
c. primary bronchi
d. secondary bronchi
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 347
17. The smallest of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory tract are the
a. secondary bronchi
b. bronchioles
c. alveolar ducts
d. tracheae
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 348
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18. The function of the surfactant in the lung is to help
a. reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli
b. trap bacteria and dust
c. move bacteria and dust toward the pharynx
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 349
19. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The right lung has two lobes, the left lung has three lobes.
b. The apex of the lung rests against the diaphragm.
c. The lungs are covered by the visceral pleura.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lungs and pleura
REF: p. 349
20. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the lung is
called
cellular respiration
internal respiration
external respiration
breathing
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 351
21. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and cells throughout the body
is called
cellular respiration
internal respiration
external respiration
breathing
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 351
22. During inspiration
a. the diaphragm contracts and moves up into the thoracic cavity
b. the chest cavity expands
c. the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 352
23. During expiration
a. the diaphragm relaxes and moves up into the thoracic cavity
b. the chest cavity is reduced in volume
c. the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases
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d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 353
24. The most important muscle(s) of inspiration is (are) the
a. diaphragm
b. internal intercostals
c. abdominal muscles
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 353
25. The most important muscle(s) of forced expiration is (are) the
a. diaphragm
b. internal intercostals
c. abdominal muscles
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 353
26. Oxygen in the lung
a. is actively transported out of the lung
b. converts hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin
c. converts oxyhemoglobin to hemoglobin
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 358
27. Carbon dioxide in the tissue cells
a. is actively transported to the blood
b. converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin
c. is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 359
28. The amount of air moved into and out of the lung during normal breathing is called
a. vital capacity
b. residual volume
c. tidal volume
d. expiratory reserve volume
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 353
TOP: Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
29. The largest amount of air that can be breathed in and out in one breath is called
a. vital capacity
b. residual volume
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c. tidal volume
d. expiratory reserve volume
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 353
TOP: Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
30. Which volume is not included in vital capacity?
a. Tidal volume
b. Residual volume
c. Inspiratory reserve volume
d. Expiratory reserve volume
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 353
TOP: Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
31. The inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the
a. pons
b. cerebrum
c. medulla
d. cerebellum
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of respiration
REF: p. 355
32. The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta are sensitive to
a. an increase in blood carbon dioxide
b. a decrease in blood oxygen
c. an increase in blood acidity
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflexes that influence respiration
REF: p. 355
33. The pulmonary stretch receptors
a. stimulate inspiration
b. inhibit inspiration
c. are inhibited by expiration
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflexes that influence respiration
REF: p. 356
34. Which term refers to a normal respiratory rate?
a. Dyspnea
b. Apnea
c. Eupnea
d. Hyperventilation
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of breathing
REF: p. 356
35. Dyspnea is labored breathing that is often associated with
a. hypoventilation
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b. hyperventilation
c. eupnea
d. apnea
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of breathing
REF: p. 356
36. Which of the following is not done by the respiratory system?
a. Warms the air coming into the body
b. Filters the air coming into the body
c. Facilitates the sense of smell
d. All of the above are done by the respiratory system
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 341
37. Which of the following structures is involved in the air distribution function of the respiratory
system?
Trachea
Alveoli
Bronchi
Both a and c above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural plan
REF: p. 342
38. Which of the following structures is involved in the gas exchange function of the respiratory
system?
Trachea
Alveoli
Bronchi
Both a and c above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural plan
REF: p. 342
39. Which of the following is not covered by the respiratory mucosa?
a. Alveoli
b. Trachea
c. Bronchi
d. All of the above are covered by the respiratory mucosa
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
OBJ: 2
40. Conchae are shelflike structures found in the
a. ethmoid sinus
b. nasal cavities
c. laryngopharynx
d. frontal sinus
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 344
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41. The space between the vocal cords is called the
a. epiglottis
b. conchae
c. glottis
d. thyroid cartilage
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
REF: p. 345
42. Another term for pulmonary ventilation is
a. internal respiration
b. breathing
c. external respiration
d. both b and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 351
43. Organs of the respiratory system are designed to perform which of the following functions?
a. Help regulate body temperature
b. Distribute air
c. Provide for the exchange of gases
d. Both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 341
44. Another name for the nostrils of the nose is
a. external nares
b. nasal cavities
c. nasal sinuses
d. nasal septum
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 344
45. The auditory, or eustachian, tubes connect the
a. inner ear with the nasopharynx
b. inner ear with the oropharynx
c. middle ear with the nasopharynx
d. middle ear with the oropharynx
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
46.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 344
Which of the following is not a function of the conchae?
a. It increases the surface area over which air must pass.
b. It is the location of the sense of smell.
c. It warms and humidifies the air.
d. All of the above are functions of the conchae.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 344
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Nose
47. These tonsils are not in the pharynx
a. lingual
b. pharyngeal
c. palatine
d. neither a nor c is in the pharynx
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 345
48. The order in which food or air would pass through the pharynx would be
a. oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx
b. laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
c. nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx
d. nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 344
49. The surface area for gas exchange of all the alveoli is about
a. 10 square meters
b. 100 square meters
c. 500 square meters
d. 50 square meters
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 349
50. Which of the following is not true of the pleura?
a. An inflammation of the pleura is called a pneumothorax.
b. The visceral pleura covers the lungs.
c. The parietal pleura covers chest wall.
d. All of the above are true of the pleura.
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lungs and pleura
REF: p. 349
51. The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is about
a. 80 mm Hg
b. 60 mm Hg
c. 40 mm Hg
d. 20 mm Hg
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Exchange of gases in lungs
REF: p. 357
52. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is:
about
26 mm Hg
46 mm Hg
56 mm Hg
none of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
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ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Exchange of gases in lungs
REF: p. 357
53. In order for gas exchange to occur properly in the lungs
a. the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli must be greater than the partial
pressure of oxygen in the blood
b. the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be greater than the partial
pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood
c. the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be less than the partial
pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Exchange of gases in lungs
REF: p. 357
OBJ: 3
54. Oxygen in the blood is carried most efficiently by
a. combining with blood plasma
b. combining with water in the blood
c. combining with hemoglobin in blood cells
d. moving up the diffusion gradient of oxygen in the lungs
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Transport of oxygen
REF: p. 358
55. Carbon dioxide in the blood is carried most efficiently by
a. bicarbonate ions
b. being dissolved in blood plasma
c. combining with hemoglobin in blood cells
d. moving up the diffusion gradient of carbon dioxide in the tissues
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Transport of carbon dioxide
REF: p. 359
56. Which term describes the group of control centers in the brainstem that produce the basic
rhythm of breathing?
a. Medullary ventilation area
b. Medullary rhythmicity area
c. Brainstem rhythmicity area
d. Brainstem ventilation area
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of respiration
REF: p. 355
57. Which of the following are the two most important control centers in the medulla for
regulating breathing rhythm?
Lateral respiratory group; ventral respiratory group
Ventral respiratory group; anterior respiratory group
Ventral respiratory group; dorsal respiratory group
Dorsal respiratory group; posterior respiratory group
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of respiration
REF: p. 355
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TRUE/FALSE
1. The organs of the respiratory system are designed to perform two basic functions: air
distribution and gas exchange.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 341
2. The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose, pharynx, and trachea.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory tracts
REF: p. 343
3. The lower respiratory tract consists of the larynx, bronchi, and lungs.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory tracts
REF: p. 343
4. A “head cold” involves the upper respiratory tract.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory tracts
REF: p. 343
5. A “chest cold” involves the lower respiratory tract.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory tracts
REF: p. 343
6. The respiratory membrane lines most of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
7. The respiratory membrane separates the air in the alveoli from the blood in the vessels.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
8. The mucous blanket helps to purify the air as it enters the lung.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
9. The cilia lining the air distribution tubes beat downward to help move air into the lung.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
10.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
The cilia lining the air distribution tubes beat upward to help move the trapped debris to the
pharynx.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 2
11.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
The nicotine in cigarette smoke stimulates the cilia to beat rapidly in both directions, stopping
the efficient removal of the trapped debris.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
12.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 344
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 344
DIF: Application
REF: p. 344
OBJ: 2
DIF: Application
REF: p. 344
OBJ: 2
The auditory tubes open into the oropharynx and help in the equalization of air pressure
between the middle ear and external ear.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
19.
REF: p. 344
The pharynx can be considered part of both the respiratory and digestive systems.
ANS: T
TOP: Pharynx
18.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
If an individual requires supplemental oxygen, it is first bubbled through water to remove dust
and pollen.
ANS: F
TOP: Nose
17.
REF: p. 344
The lacrimal sacs drain tears into the nasopharynx.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
16.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
The functions of the paranasal sinuses include lightening the bones of the skull and serving as
a resonant chamber for sound.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
15.
OBJ: 2
The four paranasal sinuses are named for the bones in which they are found. They are the
frontal, parietal, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
14.
REF: p. 343
Another name for nostrils is the right and left nasal cavities.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
13.
REF: p. 343
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 344
The auditory tubes allow infections in the nasopharynx to spread to the middle ear.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: pp. 344-345
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20.
The tonsils are located in the larynx.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
21.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
REF: p. 345
DIF: Application
REF: p. 346
OBJ: 2
DIF: Application
REF: p. 346
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trachea
REF: p. 346
Complete tracheal obstruction causes death in a matter of minutes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
29.
REF: p. 345
O-shaped rings of cartilage help keep the trachea open even when pressure is applied to it.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
28.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
The trachea connects the larynx to the primary bronchi.
ANS: T
TOP: Trachea
27.
REF: p. 345
The epiglottis closes the esophagus during swallowing to keep food out of the lung.
ANS: F
TOP: Larynx
26.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
The thyroid and glottis are both pieces of cartilage in the larynx.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
25.
REF: p. 345
The vocal cords are short smooth muscles that are found in the larynx.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
24.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
The “Adam’s apple” is part of the larynx.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
23.
REF: p. 345
Two pairs of tonsils are located in the pharynx.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
22.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trachea
REF: p. 346
The trachea, primary bronchi, and secondary bronchi all contain cartilage in their walls to help
keep them open.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 348
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30.
The smooth muscle contraction that occurs in an asthma attack most seriously affects the
secondary bronchi.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
31.
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 348
Surfactant is needed in the lung to increase the surface tension in the alveoli.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
34.
REF: p. 349
The smallest and last part of the air distribution system of the respiratory tract is the alveolar
ducts.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
33.
OBJ: 2
In an asthma attack, medication is inhaled to relax the constricted muscles of the bronchioles.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
32.
REF: p. 353
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 349
TOP: Clinical Application: Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Premature infants may not make sufficient surfactant in the lung. This may increase the
probability that the alveoli in the lungs will collapse.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 349
OBJ: 2
TOP: Clinical Application: Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome
35.
The apex of the lung is under the collarbone and the base rests on the diaphragm.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
36.
REF: p. 349
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lungs and pleura
REF: p. 349
The exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood is called external
respiration.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
39.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lungs and pleura
The interior walls of the thoracic cavity are covered by the visceral pleura.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
38.
REF: p. 349
The lungs are covered by the parietal pleura.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
37.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lungs and pleura
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 351
A lung problem would most directly affect external respiration. A heart attack that drastically
reduced stroke volume would most directly affect internal respiration.
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ANS: T
TOP: Respiration
40.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanics of breathing
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanics of breathing
REF: p. 353
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanics of breathing
REF: p. 353
In the lung, diffusion moves oxygen from the alveoli to the blood.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Exchange of gases in lungs
REF: p. 357
In the lung, hemoglobin becomes oxyhemoglobin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
49.
REF: p. 353
In expiration, the size of the chest cavity is reduced.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
48.
OBJ: 3
In some lung diseases, the lungs lose their elasticity and their ability to recoil. This would
have the greatest impact on expiration.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
47.
REF: p. 353
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanics of breathing
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Mechanics of breathing
46.
REF: p. 352
Quiet expiration requires the work of both the intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
45.
REF: p. 352
If atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg, the pressure inside the chest cavity must be below 760
mm Hg for inspiration to occur.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Mechanics of breathing
44.
REF: p. 351
During inspiration, the size of the chest cavity enlarges.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
43.
OBJ: 3
During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves up into the thoracic cavity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
42.
REF: p. 351
Cellular respiration refers to the exchange of gases between the cells and the blood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
41.
DIF: Synthesis
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Exchange of gases in lungs
REF: p. 358
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is carried as carbaminohemoglobin.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 3
50.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Exchange of gases in lungs
In order for external respiration to take place, the alveoli must have a higher oxygen
concentration and a lower carbon dioxide concentration than the blood in the lung capillaries.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Exchange of gases in lungs
51.
REF: p. 355
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of respiration
REF: p. 355
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 355
TOP: Regulation of respiration—Cerebral cortex
When stretch receptors in the lungs are stimulated, an inhibitory impulse is sent to the
expiratory center in the brain.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
59.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of respiration
The cerebral cortex is responsible for the voluntary increase or decrease in breathing rate.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
58.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 353
TOP: Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
The expiratory center is located in the pons.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
57.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 353
TOP: Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
The inspiratory center is located in the medulla.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
56.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 354
TOP: Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
Tidal volume plus residual volume is equal to vital capacity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
55.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 353
TOP: Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
Vital capacity is the amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled during normal, quiet breathing.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
54.
OBJ: 3
Residual volume is part of vital capacity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
53.
REF: pp. 351-352
Tidal volume is part of vital capacity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
52.
REF: p. 359
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflexes that influence respiration
REF: p. 356
Carotid bodies are sensitive to oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and acid
concentration in the blood.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 5
60.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of breathing
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 358
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 349
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory tracts
REF: p. 343
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
The paranasal sinuses drain into the pharynx.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
69.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Exchange of gases in the lungs
The respiratory membrane and respiratory mucosa are two names for the same structure.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
68.
REF: p. 356
All the structures of the upper respiratory tract are outside the chest cavity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
67.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Exchange of gases in the lungs
The surface area of the alveoli for gas exchange is about 10 square meters.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
66.
OBJ: 1
The thickness of the walls of the respiratory membrane assists in the function of gas
exchange.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
65.
REF: p. 342
The exchange of gases occurs by way of the active transport of oxygen.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
64.
REF: p. 341
The respiratory tree is the structure used by the respiratory system to distribute air.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Structural plan
63.
REF: p. 356
The removal of carbon dioxide is as important to survival as is the constant supply of oxygen.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
62.
REF: pp. 355-356
Eupnea refers to difficulty or labored breathing.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
61.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reflexes that influence respiration
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 344
The nasal cavities assist in warming and humidifying inspired air.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 344
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OBJ: 2
70.
Lacrimal sacs and paranasal sinuses both drain into the same structure.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
71.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nose
REF: p. 346
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 346
TOP: Science applications—Respiratory medicine
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lungs and pleura
REF: p. 349
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 349
A pneumothorax can result in a collapsed lung.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
79.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx, Trachea
Surfactant is a slippery fluid that allows the lungs to rub against the chest wall with very little
friction.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
78.
REF: p. 345
The lungs are composed of five lobes: three in the left lung and two in the right lung.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
77.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
The Heimlich maneuver is a method used to free the trachea of foreign substances that block
the airway.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
76.
OBJ: 2
The trachea is almost twice as long as the pharynx.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
75.
REF: pp. 344-345
The pitch of the voice depends on the tension on the vocal cords.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
74.
REF: p. 344
A person with enlarged pharyngeal tonsils would have a more difficult time warming and
humidifying inspired air.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Nose, Pharynx
73.
REF: p. 344
Conchae are shell-like structures in the ethmoid sinus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
72.
TOP: Nose
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lungs and pleura
REF: p. 349
The respiratory system needs to exist because most of our body cells are not in contact with
the air.
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ANS: T
TOP: Respiration
80.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inspiration
DIF: Application
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 344
Pulmonary ventilation and external respiration are different terms for the same thing.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 351
The respiratory mucosa is covered with pseudostratified columnar epithelium that contains
goblet cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
89.
OBJ: 3
The uppermost part of the pharynx is the oropharynx.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
88.
REF: p. 359
The respiratory membrane plays an important role in air purification.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
87.
REF: p. 359
The respiratory membrane is found only in the lower respiratory tract.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
86.
OBJ: 3
There is more carbaminohemoglobin in the pulmonary vein than in the pulmonary artery.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
85.
REF: p. 353
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood transportation of gases
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Blood transportation of gases
84.
REF: p. 352
Hemoglobin can carry both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
83.
OBJ: 3
Quiet expiration requires much less energy than quiet inspiration.
ANS: T
TOP: Expiration
82.
REF: p. 351
The main function of the diaphragm is to increase the air pressure in the chest cavity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
81.
DIF: Application
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
The external nares divide the nasal cavity into right and left sides.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 344
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OBJ: 2
90.
Air would pass through the pharynx in this order: nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, and
oropharynx.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
91.
REF: p. 348
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 351
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiration
REF: p. 351
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inspiration
REF: p. 352
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood transport of gases
REF: p. 357
Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume equals vital
capacity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
99.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Both oxygen and carbon dioxide can be carried as dissolved gases in the blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
98.
REF: p. 346
Inspiration occurs when the vagus nerve stimulates the diaphragm to contract.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
97.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trachea
Breathing and pulmonary ventilation refer to the same process.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
96.
REF: p. 344
External respiration and breathing refer to the same process.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
95.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
Alveoli and alveolar sacs refer to the same structure.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
94.
REF: p. 344
The trachea, or windpipe, is an 11-inch long tube connecting the larynx and bronchi.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
93.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
The larynx is part of both the respiratory system and the digestive system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
92.
TOP: Nose
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 353-354
TOP: Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
A stoppage in breathing for a brief period, regardless of the cause is called dyspnea.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 356
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OBJ: 5
100.
TOP: Types of breathing
The pontine respiratory group provides input to the dorsal respiratory group to help modulate
the basic rhythm of breathing as needed under various condition changes in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of respiration
REF: p. 355
MATCHING
Match each term with its definition or description.
Respiratory membrane
Respiratory mucosa
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Alveoli
Surfactant
Primary bronchi
Bronchioles
Pleura
Respiratory tree
Upper respiratory tract
Lacrimal sacs
Alveolar ducts
Conchae
Lower respiratory tract
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Connects the larynx to the lung; also called the windpipe
Small air tube that has no cartilage in its walls, only smooth muscle
Reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli
Contains the vocal cords and the epiglottis
Separates the air in the alveoli from the blood in the capillaries of the lung
Serous membrane covering the lung and the inner chest wall
Also called the throat
First branch off the trachea in the lung
Lines most of the air distribution tubes
Air sacs in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lung
Structures in the nose that help warm and humidify the air
Term used to describe the air distribution system
Structures from which tears drain into the nasal cavity
Microscopic tubes that end in the alveolar sacs
Refers to the respiratory structures outside the thorax
Refers to the respiratory structures within the thorax
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
E
2
I
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Trachea
Memorization
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 346
REF: p. 348
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3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
TOP:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
G
2
D
2
A
2
J
2
C
Pharynx
H
2
B
2
F
2
O
2
K
1
M
2
N
2
L
1
P
1
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Memorization
Larynx
Memorization
Respiratory mucosa
Memorization
Lungs and pleura
Memorization
REF: p. 349
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Memorization
Respiratory mucosa
Memorization
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Memorization
Nose
Memorization
Structural plan
Memorization
Nose
Memorization
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Memorization
Structural plan
Memorization
Structural plan
REF: p. 348
REF: p. 345
REF: p. 349
REF: p. 349
REF: p. 344
REF: p. 343
REF: p. 349
REF: p. 344
REF: p. 342
REF: p. 344
REF: p. 348
REF: p. 343
REF: p. 343
Match each term with its definition or description.
External respiration
Internal respiration
Diaphragm
Abdominal muscles
Oxyhemoglobin
Bicarbonate ion
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Aortic bodies
Stretch receptors
Pulmonary ventilation
Dyspnea
Residual volume
Eupnea
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Muscle(s) that is (are) important in inspiration
Form in which most of the oxygen is carried in the blood
Amount of air moved in and out of the lung during normal, quiet breathing
Inhibits inspiration in the inflated lung
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung
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22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Muscle(s) that is (are) important in forced expiration
Form in which most of the carbon dioxide is carried in the blood
Chemoreceptors that respond to an increase in blood acidity levels
TV + IRV + ERV =
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the tissue cells of the body
Labored or difficult breathing
Another term for breathing
Air that remains in the lung after the most forceful expiration
Normal respiration
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
C
3
E
3
G
4
J
5
A
3
D
3
F
3
I
5
H
4
B
3
L
5
K
3
M
4
N
5
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
REF: p. 353
Inspiration
Memorization
REF: p. 358
Transport of oxygen
Memorization
REF: p. 353
Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
Memorization
REF: p. 356
Reflexes that influence respiration
Memorization
REF: p. 351
Respiration
Memorization
REF: p. 353
Expiration
Memorization
REF: p. 359
Transport of carbon dioxide
Memorization
REF: p. 355
Regulation of respiration
Memorization
REF: p. 353
Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
Memorization
REF: p. 351
Respiration
Memorization
REF: p. 356
Types of breathing
Memorization
REF: p. 352
Respiration
Memorization
REF: p. 354
Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
Memorization
REF: p. 356
Types of breathing
In what order would air going through the respiratory pass the structures below?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
f. 6
g. 7
h. 8
i. 9
j. 10
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31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Laryngopharynx
Primary bronchi
Nasal cavities
Larynx
Nasopharynx
Secondary bronchi
Alveoli
Oropharynx
Trachea
Bronchioles
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
40. ANS:
OBJ:
D
2
G
2
A
2
E
2
B
2
H
2
J
2
C
2
F
2
I
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Pharynx
Memorization
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Memorization
Nose
Memorization
Larynx
Memorization
Pharynx
Memorization
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Memorization
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Memorization
Pharynx
Memorization
Trachea
Memorization
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
ESSAY
1. Trace the flow of air from the nasal cavities to the alveoli.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 342 (Figure 15-1)
TOP: Structural plan- Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
OBJ: 1
2. What is the respiratory mucosa? What is its function?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: p. 343
OBJ: 2
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3. What is the effect of cigarette smoking on the respiratory mucosa?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Respiratory mucosa
REF: pp. 343-344
OBJ: 2
4. What are the three parts of the pharynx? What is the function of the auditory tubes, and what
is their role in ear infections?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 344-345
OBJ: 2
TOP: Pharynx
5. Where is the larynx located? What structures are in the larynx?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Larynx
REF: p. 345
OBJ: 2
6. During surgical anesthesia, the epiglottal reflex does not function. What risk does this pose to
the patient?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 345-346
OBJ: 2
TOP: Larynx
7. The fetal lung does not produce surfactant until late in its development. What risk does this
pose to the premature infant who has yet to form surfactant?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 349
TOP: Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
OBJ: 2
8. Differentiate between internal, external, and cellular respiration.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 351-352
OBJ: 3
TOP: Respiration
9. Describe the process of inspiration.
ANS:
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(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inspiration
REF: pp. 352-353
OBJ: 3
10. Describe the process of both quiet and forced expiration.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Expiration
REF: p. 353
OBJ: 3
11. Explain the process of gas exchange in the lung.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Exchange of gases in lungs
REF: pp. 356-357
OBJ: 3
12. Explain the process of gas exchange in the tissues.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Exchange of gases in tissue
REF: p. 357
OBJ: 3
13. Define tidal volume, vital capacity, and residual air.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 353
TOP: Volume of air exchanged in pulmonary ventilation
OBJ: 4
14. Explain how the body detects and responds to an increase of blood acidity.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: pp. 355-356
TOP: Reflexes that influence respiration
OBJ: 5
15. Explain how the stretch receptors in the lung help regulate respiration.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of respiration
REF: p. 356
OBJ: 5
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16. Name and describe the types of breathing explained in the chapter.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of breathing
REF: p. 356
OBJ: 5
17. Name the ways in which oxygen and carbon dioxide gases are transported by the blood. Rank
them in terms of most oxygen or carbon dioxide carried.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood transportation of gases
REF: p. 357
OBJ: 3
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Chapter 16: Digestive System
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Food undergoes which of the following types of processing in the body?
a. Digestion
b. Absorption
c. Metabolism
d. All of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: pp. 369-369
2. Which of the following processes does not occur in the digestive system exclusively?
a. Digestion
b. Absorption
c. Metabolism
d. All of the above occur in the digestive system exclusively
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 369
3. Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
a. Salivary glands
b. Mouth
c. Pharynx
d. Both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organs of the digestive system
REF: p. 368
4. Which of the following is a main organ of the digestive system?
a. Liver
b. Stomach
c. Pancreas
d. Both b and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organs of the digestive system
REF: p. 368
5. The layer of the digestive tract that is composed of stratified and columnar epithelium is the
a. serosa
b. muscularis
c. submucosa
d. mucosa
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: p. 370
6. The layer of the digestive tract that generates peristalsis is the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: p. 370
7. The outermost layer of the digestive tract is the
a. serosa
b. muscularis
c. submucosa
d. mucosa
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: p. 370
8. The layer of the digestive tract that contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue is the
a. serosa
b. muscularis
c. submucosa
d. mucosa
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: p. 370
9. Which structure prevents food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities above the mouth?
a. Soft palate
b. Frenulum
c. Vallate papillae
d. Both a and b above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mouth
REF: p. 370
10. Enamel is found in the
a. root of the tooth
b. crown of the tooth
c. neck of the tooth
d. all of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
REF: p. 371
11. Dentin is found in the
a. root of the tooth
b. crown of the tooth
c. neck of the tooth
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
REF: p. 371
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12. Lining each tooth socket is
a. a mucous membrane
b. a simple squamous epithelium membrane
c. a periodontal membrane
d. dentin
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
REF: p. 371
13. The largest of the salivary glands is the
a. sublingual gland
b. parotid gland
c. submaxillary gland
d. submandibular gland
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
REF: p. 373
14. From which salivary gland do the ducts that open on either side of the lingual frenulum come?
a. Sublingual gland
b. Submaxillary gland
c. Submandibular gland
d. None of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
REF: p. 373
15. Because of its location, the pharynx can be considered part of the
a. digestive system
b. musculoskeletal system
c. respiratory system
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 373
16. The term tricuspids refers to these types of teeth
a. incisors
b. canines
c. premolars
d. molars
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Types of teeth
REF: p. 372
OBJ: 2
17. The part of the stomach to the left and above the opening of the esophagus into the stomach is
the
a.
b.
c.
d.
pylorus
fundus
body
rugae
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 375
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Stomach
18. The part of the stomach that joins with the small intestine is the
a. pylorus
b. fundus
c. body
d. rugae
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Stomach
REF: p. 375
19. Which of the following structures does not help to increase the absorptive surface area of the
small intestine?
a. Villi
b. Plicae
c. Lacteal
d. Microvilli
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
REF: p. 378
20. The sequence of sections of small intestine through which food passes would be
a. duodenum, jejunum, ileum
b. duodenum, ileum, jejunum
c. jejunum, ileum, duodenum
d. jejunum, duodenum, ileum
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
REF: p. 376
21. In which part of the small intestine does most of the chemical digestion occur?
a. Ileum
b. Jejunum
c. Duodenum
d. Both a and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
22.
REF: p. 376
Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The cystic duct drains bile from the liver.
b. The cystic duct and hepatic duct join to form the common bile duct.
c. The hepatic duct connects the gallbladder and the small intestine.
d. Both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
23.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
The function of bile is to
chemically digest fat
emulsify fat
remove cholesterol from the body
both b and c above
a.
b.
c.
d.
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ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
24. At the hepatic flexure, the
a. transverse colon becomes the descending colon
b. descending colon becomes the transverse colon
c. ascending colon becomes the transverse colon
d. ascending colon becomes the descending colon
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
REF: p. 381
25. At the splenic flexure, the
a. transverse colon becomes the descending colon
b. descending colon becomes the sigmoid colon
c. ascending colon becomes the transverse colon
d. ascending colon becomes the descending colon
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
REF: p. 381
26. The vermiform appendix
a. produces enzymes that assist in fat digestion
b. gets its name because it looks like a worm
c. is important in the reabsorption of bile
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Appendix
REF: p. 382
27. Which of the following is an extension of the peritoneum?
a. Mesentery
b. Cecum
c. The greater omentum
d. Both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
28.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Peritoneum
REF: p. 383
Enzymes are important in
a. mechanical digestion
b. deglutition
c. chemical digestion
d. both a and c above
ANS: C
TOP: Digestion
DIF: Application
REF: p. 383
OBJ: 3
29. Amylase is made in the
a. salivary glands
b. stomach
c. pancreas
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d. both a and c above
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate digestion
REF: p. 384
OBJ: 3
30. The end product of amylase digestion is usually
a. glucose
b. lactose
c. maltose
d. fructose
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical digestion
REF: p. 384
31. The most abundant end product of carbohydrate digestion is
a. maltose
b. glucose
c. lactose
d. sucrose
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate digestion
REF: p. 384
32. Maltase and sucrase are made in the
a. small intestine
b. pancreas
c. stomach
d. liver
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical digestion
REF: p. 384
33. Protein digestion begins in the
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. large intestine
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein digestion
REF: p. 384
34. In the stomach
a. pepsin converts hydrochloric acid to pepsinogen
b. pepsin converts pepsinogen to hydrochloric acid
c. hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen to pepsin
d. hydrochloric acid converts pepsin to pepsinogen
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein digestion
REF: p. 384
35. Trypsin
a. is important in protein digestion
b. works in the stomach
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c. is made in the liver
d. a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein digestion
REF: p. 384
36. Protein digestion
a. end products are amino acids
b. uses peptidase made in the small intestines
c. uses trypsin made in the pancreas
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein digestion
REF: p. 384
37. Fat digestion begins in the
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. large intestine
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fat digestion
REF: p. 385
38. Bile
a. causes the emulsification of fat
b. is made in the liver
c. works in the small intestine
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 379
TOP: Liver and gallbladder | Fat digestion
39. Lipase
a. is made in the pancreas
b. is stored in the gallbladder
c. converts fatty acid and glycerol to fats
d. all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fat digestion
REF: p. 385
40. The movement of digested food from the digestive system to the circulating fluid is called
a. digestion
b. deglutition
c. absorption
d. peristalsis
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Absorption
REF: p. 385
41. Which of the following processes is not considered an example of mechanical digestion?
a. The teeth chewing food
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b. The stomach churning food
c. Amylase acting on food in the mouth
d. Bile acting on food in the small intestine
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Introduction | Fat digestion
REF: p. 368
OBJ: 2
42. The layers of the digestive tract from the inside (lumen) to the outside are
a. submucosa, mucosa, muscularis, serosa
b. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
c. mucosa, submucosa, serosa, muscularis
d. mucosa, serosa, submucosa, muscularis
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: p. 369
43. Canine teeth are sometimes called
a. cuspids
b. incisors
c. bicuspids
d. tricuspids
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
REF: p. 372
44. The tube that drains bile from the liver is the
a. common bile duct
b. cystic duct
c. hepatic duct
d. major duodenal papillae
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
45. The tube that drains bile from the gallbladder is the
a. common bile duct
b. cystic duct
c. hepatic duct
d. major duodenal papillae
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
46. Which of the following substances is absorbed by the large intestine?
a. Salts
b. Vitamin K
c. Water
d. All of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
REF: p. 382
47. Which of the following substances is absorbed into the blood capillaries of the intestinal villi?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Glycerol
All of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Absorption
REF: p. 378
48. The length of the gastrointestinal tract in an adult is about
a. 9 feet
b. 19 feet
c. 29 feet
d. 39 feet
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 368
49. Which of the following is not true of the gastrointestinal tract?
a. It is about 9 feet long in adults.
b. It is also called the alimentary canal.
c. The material in the gastrointestinal tract is considered to be outside the body.
d. All of the above are true of the gastrointestinal tract.
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 368
50. Which of the following is not considered a main part of the tooth?
a. Root
b. Cuspid
c. Crown
d. Neck
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
REF: p. 372
51. The ducts that carry secretion from the pancreas empty into which part of the digestive tract?
a. Stomach
b. Duodenum
c. Ileum
d. Jejunum
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
REF: p. 377
52. Which of the following is not a function of the pancreas?
a. Produces enzymes that digest proteins
b. Produces proteins that digest fat
c. Produces a substance that neutralizes hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach
d. All of the above are functions of the pancreas
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreas
REF: p. 380
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53. Which of the following is not a name for the open-ended tube through which food passes?
a. Digestive system
b. Alimentary canal
c. Gastrointestinal tract
d. All of the above are names for the open-ended tube through which food passes
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 368
54. Which of the following is not an example of mechanical digestion?
a. Chewing food
b. Churning food in the stomach
c. Enzymes breaking food down to small molecules
d. All of the above are examples of mechanical digestion
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 368
55. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Peristalsis pushes food through the digestive tract.
b. Segmentation does not move food through the digestive tract.
c. Segmentation continues the mechanical digestion of food.
d. All of the above statements are true.
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: p. 370
56. This bone does not make up part of the hard palate
a. ethmoid bone
b. palatine bone
c. maxillary bone
d. all of the above bones make up part of the hard palate
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mouth
REF: p. 370
57. Tooth decay, or dental caries, is a disease of this part of the tooth
a. enamel
b. dentin
c. cementum
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
REF: p. 372
58. A full set of permanent consists of
a. 20 teeth
b. 24 teeth
c. 32 teeth
d. 38 teeth
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
REF: p. 372
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59. A full set of deciduous or baby teeth consists of
a. 20 teeth
b. 24 teeth
c. 32 teeth
d. 38 teeth
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
REF: p. 372
60. Sharp cutting edge teeth used for cutting during chewing are called
a. incisors
b. canines
c. premolars
d. molars
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
REF: p. 372
61. This salivary gland produces both mucus and enzyme-containing saliva
a. parotid gland
b. submandibular gland
c. sublingual gland
d. all of the above glands produce both types of saliva
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
REF: p. 373
62. This part of the pharynx is the most actively and directly involved in the digestive process
a. nasopharynx
b. oropharynx
c. laryngopharynx
d. epiglottis
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 373
63. Which of the following is not true of the esophagus?
a. It is about 25 centimeters long.
b. It is a tube that connects the larynx and stomach.
c. It is a muscular, mucus-lined tube.
d. The mucosal lining lubricates the tube to permit easier passage of food to the
stomach.
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Esophagus
REF: p. 374
64. The structure that regulates the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine is
the
a. esophageal sphincter
b. cardiac sphincter
c. fundal sphincter
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d. pyloric sphincter
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Stomach
REF: p. 375
65. The secretion of the hormone cholecystokinin from the small intestine causes
a. an increase in peristalsis in the stomach
b. a relaxation of the pyloric sphincter
c. an increase of intestinal segmentation
d. a contraction of the gallbladder to move bile to the duodenum
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
66. Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?
a. Their names frequently end in -ase.
b. They act as catalysts for the digestion of food.
c. One enzyme can act on many different types of food.
d. All of the above are characteristics of enzymes.
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Enzymes and chemical digestion
REF: p. 383
67. The semisolid mixture in the stomach is called
a. bolus
b. chyme
c. feces
d. deglutition
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Stomach
REF: p. 375
TRUE/FALSE
1. Digestion occurs in the organs in the digestive tract.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 367
2. Metabolism occurs only in the organs of the digestive tract.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 368
3. The alimentary canal and the gastrointestinal tract refer to the same thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 368
4. The esophagus is a main organ of the digestive system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organs of the digestive system
REF: p. 374
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5. The duodenum is an accessory structure of the digestive system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organs of the digestive system
REF: p. 376
6. The vermiform appendix is an accessory structure of the digestive system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organs of the digestive system
REF: p. 382
7. The submucosa layer of the digestive tract is composed of epithelial tissue.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: p. 370
8. The muscularis layer of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: p. 370
OBJ: 1
9. The mucosa and the serosa are the innermost and outermost layers of the digestive tract,
respectively.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
10.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
REF: p. 372
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
REF: p. 372
Enamel covers the crown and neck of the tooth.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
14.
REF: p. 370
Incisors are also called the canine teeth.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
13.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mouth
Tricuspids are teeth used for grinding or crushing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
12.
REF: p. 370
The soft palate and the frenulum are on the roof of the mouth and keep food from going into
the nasal cavity when a person swallows.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
11.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
REF: p. 371
Cementum covers the crown and neck of the tooth.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
REF: p. 371
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15.
Cementum covers the neck and root of the tooth.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
16.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
REF: pp. 372-373
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
REF: p. 373
The parotid salivary glands are the largest of the three pairs of salivary glands.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
20.
REF: pp. 371-372
The ducts from the submandibular salivary gland empty into the mouth on either side of the
frenulum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
19.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
Mumps are an infection of the submandibular salivary gland.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
18.
REF: p. 371
The periodontal membrane surrounds the crown and root of each tooth.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
17.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
REF: p. 373
When food is in the mouth, the presence of saliva could increase the amount of maltase in the
mouth.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 384
TOP: Salivary glands | Chemical Digestion
21.
Saliva begins the process of fat digestion.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
22.
REF: p. 385
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 373
The esophagus connects the pharynx and the stomach.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
24.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
The pharynx is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
23.
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Esophagus
REF: p. 374
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause irritation to the pylorus of the stomach.
ANS: F
TOP: Stomach
DIF: Application
REF: p. 375
OBJ: 2
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25.
An overly full stomach can interfere with the complete relaxation of the diaphragm and
therefore may restrict the ability to take deep breaths.
ANS: F
TOP: Stomach
26.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Stomach
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Stomach
DIF: Application
OBJ: 2
REF: pp. 377-378
REF: p. 377
OBJ: 2
The villi in the inner wall of the small intestine contain a lymphatic vessel called a lacteal,
which assists in absorption of fat.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
REF: p. 378
The pylorus of the stomach empties into the duodenum of the small intestine.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
34.
REF: p. 376
An increased surface area in the inner wall of the small intestine assists in the proper
metabolism of ingested food.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
33.
REF: p. 375
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Small intestine
32.
REF: p. 375
Plicae and villi increase the surface area of the inner wall of the small intestine.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
31.
REF: p. 375
The pyloric sphincter regulates the movement of food from the stomach into the small
intestine.
ANS: T
TOP: Stomach
30.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Stomach
The body of the stomach is the enlarged portion of the stomach that is to the left and above
where the esophagus opens into the stomach.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
29.
OBJ: 2
When the stomach is empty, its lining lies in folds called chyme.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
28.
REF: p. 375
The wall of the stomach is unique because it contains two muscle layers rather than one.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
27.
DIF: Application
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
REF: p. 376
The jejunum of the small intestine connects to the ascending colon.
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ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Small intestine
35.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
Pancreatic juice helps neutralize the hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
43.
REF: p. 379
Jaundice will occur if the cystic duct is blocked and bile is not able to drain from the
gallbladder.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
42.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
The hormone gastrin causes the contraction of the walls of the gallbladder and forces bile into
the small intestine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
41.
REF: p. 376
Bile digests fat to glycerol and fatty acids and helps remove cholesterol from the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
40.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
39.
OBJ: 2
One of the functions of the liver is to produce bile.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
38.
REF: p. 381
Most of the chemical digestion that occurs in the small intestine occurs in the duodenum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
37.
OBJ: 2
The ileum of the small intestine connects to the cecum colon at the ileocecal valve.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Large intestine
36.
REF: p. 376
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreas
REF: p. 380
People on long-term antibiotic therapy that has killed most of the bacteria in the large intestine
may develop blood-clotting problems.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Large intestine
REF: p. 382
OBJ: 2
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44.
The splenic flexure is where the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
45.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate digestion
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate digestion
REF: p. 384
REF: p. 384
The end product of amylase digestion is glucose.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical digestion
REF: p. 384
Lactose intolerance is caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce the proper amount of
lactase.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate digestion
53.
OBJ: 3
The pancreas and the salivary glands both produce amylase.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
52.
REF: p. 385
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
51.
REF: p. 383
The action of bile is an example of mechanical digestion.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
50.
REF: p. 381
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Peritoneum
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Digestion | Fat digestion
49.
REF: p. 381
The two most important extensions of the peritoneum are the mesentery and the greater
omentum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
48.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
The sigmoid colon is the portion of the large intestine between the ascending and descending
colon.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
47.
REF: p. 381
The splenic flexure is where the transverse colon becomes the descending colon.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
46.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
REF: p. 384
OBJ: 3
The most abundant end product of carbohydrate digestion is glucose.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate digestion
REF: p. 384
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54.
Protein digestion begins in the mouth.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
55.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fat digestion
REF: p. 385
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fat digestion
REF: p. 385
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Absorption
REF: p. 385
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 368
Substances in the stomach or small intestine are considered outside the body.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
63.
REF: p. 384
The length of the alimentary canal is about 30 feet.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
62.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein digestion
The movement of digested food out of the digestive system into blood or lymph is called
absorption.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
61.
REF: p. 384
Lipase is made by the small intestine and digests fat down to its end products of glycerol and
fatty acids.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
60.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein digestion
Bile begins the digestion of fat by emulsifying large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
59.
REF: p. 384
The end products of protein digestion are amino acids.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
58.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein digestion
Protein digestion uses trypsin made in the pancreas and peptidases made in the intestine.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
57.
REF: p. 384
In the stomach, hydrochloric acid converts pepsin to trypsin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
56.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein digestion
DIF: Application
REF: p. 368
OBJ: 1
Because they are not directly involved in digestion, the teeth, tongue, and large intestines are
considered accessory organs of the digestive system.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 368
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OBJ: 2
64.
In the abdominal cavity, the serosa layer is composed of parietal peritoneum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
65.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mouth
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Stomach
DIF: Application
REF: p. 376
OBJ: 2
REF: p. 376
OBJ: 2
The major duodenal papillae allow partially digested food to enter the small intestine.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
REF: p. 377
One function of cholecystokinin is to cause the gallbladder to contract.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
73.
REF: p. 376
About two thirds of the length of the alimentary canal is small intestine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
72.
OBJ: 2
A weak cardiac sphincter could be the cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Introduction | Small intestine
71.
REF: p. 373
The cardiac sphincter is between the stomach and the small intestine.
ANS: T
TOP: Stomach
70.
REF: p. 372
Because salivary glands produce an enzyme, it is correct to say that digestion begins in the
mouth.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
69.
REF: p. 370
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Salivary glands
68.
REF: p. 370
There are six salivary glands in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
67.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
The uvula is a thin membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
66.
TOP: Organs of the digestive system
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
One function of pancreatic juice is to lower the pH of the food entering the small intestine
from the stomach.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 380
OBJ: 2
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TOP: Pancreas
74.
Vitamin K and some B vitamins are produced by bacteria in the large intestine.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
75.
REF: p. 372
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Stomach
REF: p. 376
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
REF: p. 381
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Enzymes and chemical digestion
REF: p. 384
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 368
Because the mucosa in the esophagus needs to be more abrasion-resistant, it is made of
stratified epithelium while the rest of the mucosa is made of columnar epithelium.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
83.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
In chemical digestion, large food molecules are reduced to smaller molecules that can be
absorbed through the intestinal wall.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
82.
REF: p. 372
The names of many enzymes end in -ase.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
81.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
The ileum of the small intestine empties into the transverse colon of the large intestine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
80.
OBJ: 2
The terms gastroesophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter refer to the same structure.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
79.
REF: p. 368
Another name for baby teeth is deciduous teeth.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
78.
DIF: Application
There are four major types of teeth.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
77.
REF: p. 382
The chewing of food by the teeth is the only example of mechanical digestion in the human
digestive system.
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
76.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: p. 370
The process of peristalsis moves material through the digestive tract.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 1
84.
REF: p. 373
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
REF: p. 372
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pharynx
REF: p. 373
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
REF: p. 376
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
REF: p. 376
The liver is the largest gland in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
93.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
Most of the digestion that occurs in the small intestine occurs in the duodenum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
92.
REF: p. 370
The order in which food passes through the small intestine is the duodenum, the ileum, and
the jejunum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
91.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mouth
The part of the pharynx that is most actively and directly involved in the digestive process is
the laryngopharynx.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
90.
REF: p. 370
There are 36 teeth in a full set of permanent teeth.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
89.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mouth
Only the submandibular salivary gland produces both enzyme-containing saliva and mucus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
88.
REF: p. 370
The tongue is made up of involuntary muscle with the blunt root in the rear and the pointed tip
in the front.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
87.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
The hard palate is formed by two bones, the ethmoid and the palatine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
86.
REF: p. 370
The process of segmentation moves material through the digestive tract.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
85.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
REF: p. 379
One function of bile is to remove cholesterol from the body.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 2
94.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 380
TOP: X-ray studies of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Digestion
REF: p. 373
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Enzymes and chemical digestion
REF: p. 383
The lymph in the lacteals leaving the small intestine contains the end products of fat digestion
and vitamins A, D, E, and K.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
100.
REF: p. 382
Enzymes are specialized protein molecules that act as catalysts in the digestive process.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
99.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Appendix
Mastication is the more technical term for swallowing.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
98.
REF: p. 382
Barium sulfate solution is given to people have x-rays taken of the digestive system so the
x-rays will pass through the digestive structures more efficiently so the patient can be exposed
to less radiation.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
97.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
The appendix may play a minor role in the immunological defense mechanisms of the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
96.
REF: p. 379
Just as in the small intestine, villi are present in the large intestine to help in the absorption of
water and vitamins.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
95.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Absorption
REF: p. 382
If the rate of passage of material through the large intestine is prolonged beyond 5 days, the feces
becomes more solid resulting in diarrhea.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
REF: p. 382
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
Liver
Gallbladder
Mucosa layer
Mesentery
a.
b.
c.
d.
http://www.nursylab.com
https://studentmagic.indiemade.com/
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
muscularis layer
Serosa layer
Ascending colon
Salivary glands
Esophagus
Fundus
Pylorus
Duodenum
Ileum
Pancreas
Transverse Colon
Peristalsis
Vermiform appendix
Villi
Descending colon
Jejunum
1. Part of the digestive tract wall that generates peristalsis
2. Gland that produces lipase and trypsin
3. Part of the small intestine that connects to the stomach; where most of the chemical digestion
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
takes place
Submandibular, sublingual, and parotid are all this type of gland
Structure that concentrates and stores bile
Innermost layer of the wall of the digestive tract
Part of the large intestine that is between the cecum and hepatic flexure
An extension of the peritoneum
Part of the small intestine that joins with the large intestine
Part of the stomach that joins with the small intestine
Tube that leads from the pharynx to the stomach
Gland that produces bile
Outermost layer of the wall of the digestive tract
Part of the large intestine between the splenic and hepatic flexures
Part of the stomach that is to the left and above where the esophagus opens into the stomach
Tiny fingerlike projections that increase surface area and help absorb food in the small
intestine
A wormlike tubular structure that is attached to the cecum of the large intestines
Muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive tract
Part of the small intestine into which food enters when it leaves the duodenum
Part of the colon that lies between the splenic flexure and the sigmoid colon
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
E
1
N
3
L
2
H
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Wall of the digestive tract
Memorization
Fat digestion | Protein digestion
Memorization
Small intestine
Memorization
Salivary glands
REF: p. 370
REF: p. 380
REF: p. 376
REF: p. 372
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5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
B
2
C
1
G
2
D
2
M
2
K
2
I
2
A
2
F
1
O
2
J
2
R
2
Q
2
P
1
T
2
S
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Liver and gallbladder
Memorization
Wall of the digestive tract
Memorization
Large intestine
Memorization
Peritoneum
Memorization
Small intestine
Memorization
Stomach
Memorization
Esophagus
Memorization
Liver and gallbladder
Memorization
Wall of the digestive tract
Memorization
Large intestine
Memorization
Stomach
Memorization
Small intestine
Memorization
Appendix
Memorization
Wall of the digestive tract
Memorization
Small intestine
Memorization
Large intestine
REF: p. 379
REF: p. 370
REF: p. 381
REF: p. 383
REF: p. 376
REF: p. 375
REF: p. 374
REF: p. 379
REF: p. 370
REF: p. 381
REF: p. 375
REF: p. 378
REF: p. 382
REF: p. 370
REF: p. 376
REF: p. 381
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
Digestion
Absorption
Amylase
Bile
Maltase
Lipase
Pepsin
Monosaccharides
Glycerol
Amino acids
Mastication
Lactase
Hydrochloric acid
Trypsin
Deglutition
Sucrase
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
http://www.nursylab.com
https://studentmagic.indiemade.com/
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Causes the emulsification of fats
Enzyme that reduces complex carbohydrates to maltose
This and fatty acids are the end products of fat digestion
Enzyme that converts maltose to simple sugars
Enzyme that is responsible for the chemical digestion of fats
Movement of digested food from the digestive system to the blood or lymph
End product of carbohydrate digestion
A protein enzyme that must be activated by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
End product of protein digestion
Physical and chemical changes in food that prepare it for movement into the blood or lymph
Another word for swallowing
Enzyme that digests cane sugar
Substance needed to convert pepsinogen to pepsin
Another word for chewing
Protein-digesting enzyme in pancreatic juice
Enzyme that digests milk sugar
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
23.
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
28.
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
33.
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
D
3
C
2
I
3
E
3
F
3
B
3
H
3
G
3
J
3
A
2
O
2
P
3
M
3
K
2
N
3
L
3
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Fat digestion
Memorization
Chemical digestion
Memorization
Fat digestion
Memorization
Carbohydrate digestion
Memorization
Fat digestion
Memorization
Absorption
Memorization
Carbohydrate digestion
Memorization
Protein digestion
Memorization
Protein digestion
Memorization
Digestion
Memorization
Digestion
Memorization
Carbohydrate digestion
Memorization
Protein digestion
Memorization
Digestion
Memorization
Protein digestion
Memorization
Carbohydrate digestion
REF: p. 385
REF: p. 384
REF: p. 385
REF: p. 384
REF: p. 385
REF: p. 385
REF: p. 384
REF: p. 384
REF: p. 384
REF: p. 383
REF: p. 383
REF: p. 384
REF: p. 384
REF: p. 383
REF: p. 384
REF: p. 384
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In what order would food pass through the structures below?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
Duodenum
Ileocecal valve
Mouth
Pyloric sphincter
Esophagus
Ascending colon
Stomach
Transverse colon
Ileum
Pharynx
Jejunum
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
40. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
41.
OBJ:
42. ANS:
OBJ:
43. ANS:
OBJ:
44. ANS:
OBJ:
45. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
46.
OBJ:
47. ANS:
OBJ:
F
2
I
2
A
2
E
2
C
2
J
2
D
2
K
2
H
2
B
2
G
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Small intestine
Memorization
Large intestine
Memorization
Mouth
Memorization
Stomach
Memorization
Esophagus
Memorization
Large intestine
Memorization
Stomach
Memorization
Large intestine
Memorization
Small intestine
Memorization
Pharynx
Memorization
Small intestine
REF: p. 376
REF: p. 380
REF: p. 370
REF: p. 376
REF: p. 374
REF: p. 381
REF: p. 375
REF: p. 381
REF: p. 376
REF: p. 373
REF: p. 376
Match the term with its correction definition.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
Bolus
Chyme
Peristalsis
Ulcer
Jaundice
Diarrhea
Partially digested food mixture leaving the stomach
Craterlike lesions which destroy areas of the stomach or intestinal lining
Abnormal yellowing of skin
Wavelike, rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestines
Defecation of liquid feces
Small rounded mass of masticated food
48. ANS:
OBJ:
49. ANS:
OBJ:
50. ANS:
OBJ:
51. ANS:
OBJ:
52. ANS:
OBJ:
53. ANS:
OBJ:
B
4
D
4
E
4
C
4
F
4
A
4
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Stomach
Memorization
Stomach
Memorization
Liver
Memorization
Stomach
Memorization
Large intestine
Memorization
Mouth
REF: p. 375
REF: p. 378
REF: p. 379
REF: p. 375
REF: p. 382
REF: p. 373
ESSAY
1. List the structures that make up main organs of the digestive system.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organs of the digestive system
REF: p. 368
OBJ: 2
2. List the accessory organs of the digestive system.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organs of the digestive system
REF: p. 368
OBJ: 2
3. Name and describe the four layers of the wall of the digestive tract.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
REF: pp. 369-370
OBJ: 1
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4. What is peristalsis? What layer of the wall of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 370
OBJ: 4
TOP: Wall of the digestive tract
5. Describe the soft palate and the uvula and explain their function.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mouth
REF: p. 370
OBJ: 2
6. List and describe the four kinds of teeth. What is the function of each type?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of teeth
REF: p. 372
OBJ: 2
7. List and describe the three parts of a tooth.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Typical tooth
REF: pp. 371-372
OBJ: 2
8. Give the name and location of the three pairs of salivary glands. What type of saliva does each
gland produce? Which pair becomes infected when a person has mumps?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Salivary glands
REF: pp. 372-373
OBJ: 2
9. Name and describe the three divisions of the stomach.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Stomach
REF: p. 375
OBJ: 2
10. List the three parts of the small intestine in the order in which food passes through them.
Where does most of the digestion occur?
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Small intestine
REF: pp. 376-377
OBJ: 2
11. What structures on the inner wall of the small intestine increase its surface area? Why is an
increased surface area important to the functioning of the small intestine?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 376-377
OBJ: 2
TOP: Small intestine
12. Why is the action of bile considered mechanical digestion rather than chemical digestion?
Where is bile made? Where is it stored and concentrated?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 379
OBJ: 2
TOP: Liver and gallbladder
13. List the subdivisions of the large intestine in order from the ileocecal valve to the rectum.
Include the flexures in the proper places.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Large intestine
REF: pp. 380-382
OBJ: 2
14. How would prolonged antibiotic use impact the contribution of the large intestine to the
nutrition of the body?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 378
OBJ: 2
TOP: Large intestine
15. Name and describe the two most prominent extensions of the peritoneum.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Peritoneum
REF: p. 383
OBJ: 2
16. Explain the steps in carbohydrate digestion. Include all the enzymes involved, where they are
made, where they work, what they act on, and what their end products are.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 383-385
TOP: Carbohydrate digestion | Chemical digestion
OBJ: 3
17. A person who is lactose intolerant has trouble digesting lactose sugar. Which enzyme is not
being made in sufficient amounts, and what types of food should this person avoid?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 385-386
OBJ: 3
TOP: Carbohydrate digestion
18. Explain the steps in fat digestion. Include all the substances involved, where they are made,
where they work, what they act on, and what their end products are.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fat digestion | Chemical digestion
REF: pp. 385-386
OBJ: 3
19. Explain the process of protein digestion. Include all the enzymes involved, where they are
made, where they work, what they act on, and what their end products are.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 384-385
TOP: Protein digestion | Chemical digestion
OBJ: 3
20. Why must pepsin be made in an inactive form in the stomach?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 384
OBJ: 3
TOP: Protein digestion | Chemical digestion
21. Why is absorption equally as important as digestion?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 385-386
OBJ: 3
TOP: Absorption
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Chapter 17: Nutrition and Metabolism
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Proper nutrition requires the correct balance of three types of food. They are
a. fruits, vegetables, and meats
b. carbohydrates, dairy products, and proteins
c. carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
d. proteins, whole grains, and fruits
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 394
2. When food molecules enter the cell and undergo chemical changes there, the process is called
a. assimilation
b. digestion
c. absorption
d. nutrition
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 396
3. Besides the three basic types of food, good nutrition requires
a. vitamins
b. amino acids
c. minerals
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 395
4. Which process builds up food molecules into more complex molecules?
a. Anabolism
b. Catabolism
c. Nutrition
d. Absorption
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 396
5. Which process breaks food molecules into smaller molecules to release energy?
a. Anabolism
b. Catabolism
c. Nutrition
d. Absorption
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 396
6. Metabolism includes
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a.
b.
c.
d.
anabolism and assimilation
catabolism and nutrition
anabolism and catabolism
nutrition and assimilation
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 396
7. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
a. Produces bile
b. Carries out the first step of carbohydrate metabolism
c. Produces fibrinogen
d. All of the above are functions of the liver
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic function of the liver
REF: p. 396
8. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
a. Helps maintain the normal blood glucose concentration
b. Produces albumin
c. Produces vitamin A
d. All of the above are functions of the liver
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic function of the liver
REF: p. 396
9. Glycolysis
a. follows the citric acid cycle in carbohydrate metabolism
b. requires oxygen
c. occurs in the cytoplasm
d. both b and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
10. Glycolysis
a. has pyruvic acid as an end product
b. occurs in the mitochondria
c. requires oxygen
d. both a and b above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
11. The citric acid cycle
a. occurs in the mitochondria
b. produces pyruvic acid as an end product
c. occurs in the cytoplasm
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
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12. The citric acid cycle
a. occurs in the mitochondria
b. follows glycolysis
c. is important in carbohydrate anabolism
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
13. The electron transport system
a. occurs in the cytoplasm
b. produces carbon dioxide as an end product
c. produces ATP from ADP
d. both a and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
14.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
The electron transport system
a. occurs in the mitochondria
b. follows the citric acid cycle
c. follows glycolysis
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
15. ATP
a. serves as the direct source of energy for the cell
b. releases food energy slowly
c. is produced primarily by the citric acid cycle
d. both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
16. Usable energy in the ATP molecule is stored in the
a. adenosine portion of the molecule
b. bond attaching the adenosine to the first phosphate group
c. bond between the second and third phosphate groups
d. both b and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
17. Glucose anabolism is called
a. glycolysis
b. glycogenesis
c. glucagon
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
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18. Besides insulin, which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
a. Glucagon
b. Hydrocortisone
c. Growth hormone
d. None of the above
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
OBJ: 2
19. When fats are used for energy, they are converted to
a. a substance that can enter glycolysis
b. pyruvic acid that can enter the electron transport system
c. a substance that can enter the citric acid cycle
d. either a or c can occur
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fat metabolism
REF: p. 399
20. Proteins
a. are usually used by the body for anabolism
b. are usually used by the body for catabolism
c. can enter glycolysis for energy release
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein metabolism
REF: p. 400
21. Nonessential amino acids
a. are not used by the body
b. can be made by the body from other substances
c. are used only for catabolism
d. are found only in plant proteins
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein metabolism
REF: p. 400
22. Vitamins
a. are organic compounds
b. are inorganic compounds
c. can be stored by the liver if they are water soluble
d. both a and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: p. 400
23. Minerals
a. are organic substances
b. are inorganic substances
c. attach to enzymes to help them work
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 401
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
24. The BMR
a. is usually less than the TMR
b. is usually greater than the TMR
c. increases as activity increases
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Metabolic rates
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 3
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 3
25. The TMR
a. is usually less than the BMR
b. is usually greater than the BMR
c. increases as activity increases
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Metabolic rates
26. To safely lose weight
a. increase caloric intake above TMR
b. maintain caloric intake and reduce TMR
c. decrease caloric intake to below TMR
d. both a and b will cause weight loss
ANS: C
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Metabolic rates
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 3
27. Basal conditions refer to
a. a normal level of daily activity
b. an increase of activity above what is normal for you
c. conditions in which the person is awake but resting, not digesting food or in a cold
environment
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic rates
REF: pp. 401-402
28. Radiation is the
a. flow of heat waves away from the blood
b. transfer of heat to the skin and then to the external environment
c. absorption of heat by water (sweat) vaporization
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
29. Convection is the
a. flow of heat waves away from the blood
b. transfer of heat to the skin and then to the external environment
c. absorption of heat by water (sweat) vaporization
d. none of the above
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ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
30. Evaporation is the
a. flow of heat waves away from the blood
b. transfer of heat to the skin and then to the external environment
c. absorption of heat by water (sweat) vaporization
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
31. Liver cells are unable to store which of the following substances?
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin D
c. Iron
d. Liver cells can store all of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 397
32. Which blood vessel allows blood from the digestive system to be sent directly to the liver?
a. Hepatic artery
b. Hepatic portal vein
c. Mesenteric vein
d. Inferior vena cava
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 397
33. The process of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
a. both require oxygen
b. both occur in the mitochondria
c. are involved in carbohydrate anabolism
d. none of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: pp. 397-398
34. Which of the following vitamins can be stored by the liver?
a. C
b. B
c. A
d. Both a and b above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: p. 397
35. Minerals and vitamins share which characteristic?
a. They help enzymes function.
b. They are both organic.
c. They are both inorganic.
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d. Both a and b above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: pp. 400-401
36. Which of the following is not a condition of the basal metabolic rate?
a. Resting but awake
b. In a cold environment
c. Not digesting a heavy meal
d. Both b and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic rates
REF: pp. 401-402
37. The use the body makes of food describes which term?
a. Nutrition
b. Metabolism
c. Assimilation
d. Digestion
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 395
38. Which of the following is not a plasma protein made by the liver?
a. Prothrombin
b. Fibrinogen
c. Bile
d. Albumin
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Roles of the liver
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 2
39. Most of the energy released from a glucose molecule in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is
in the form of
high-energy electrons
ATP
ADP
both b and c above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
40. Which of the following is not true of ATP?
a. It contains adenosine.
b. It contains phosphate groups.
c. It contains three high-energy bonds.
d. All of the above are true of ATP.
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
41. Every glucose molecule can produce this many ATP molecules
a. 16
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b. 28
c. 36
d. 42
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
42. Glycogenolysis occurs in
a. liver or muscle cells
b. in the cytoplasm of all cells
c. in the mitochondrion of all cells
d. both b and c
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
43. In one molecule of ATP there
a. is one high-energy bond
b. are two high-energy bonds
c. are three high-energy bonds
d. are four high-energy bonds
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
OBJ: 2
44. Between meals, the concentration of glucose per 100 mL of blood is between
a. 40 and 70 mg
b. 60 and 90 mg
c. 80 and 110 mg
d. 110 and 145 mg
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
45. This vitamin plays an important role in detecting light in the cells of the retina
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin B
c. vitamin D
d. vitamin E
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: p. 400
46. This vitamin acts as an antioxidant for the body
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin B
c. vitamin D
d. vitamin E
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: p. 400
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47. About this much of the energy released from food molecules during catabolism is released as
heat
a. 60%
b. 80%
c. 10%
d. 40%
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
48. Thermoregulation is function of the
a. thalamus
b. hypothalamus
c. medulla
d. cerebellum
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
49. Which of the following is categorized as a micronutrient?
a. Carbohydrate
b. Protein
c. Fats
d. Mineral
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dietary sources of nutrients
REF: p. 397
50. The appetite center and the satiety center are located in the
a. thalamus
b. medulla oblongata
c. hypothalamus
d. cerebellum
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulating food intake
REF: p. 401
TRUE/FALSE
1. Assimilation includes both anabolism and catabolism.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 1
2. Anabolism releases energy from food molecules.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 396
3. Catabolism releases energy from food molecules.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
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OBJ: 1
TOP: Introduction
4. The end products of anabolism are larger and more complex than the starting substances.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Application
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 1
5. The liver produces bile for the emulsification of fat.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 396
6. The liver carries out the first steps in both protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 396
7. The liver produces plasma proteins such as prothrombin and fibrinogen.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 396
8. Glucose is the preferred energy food for the cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
9. The first step in carbohydrate catabolism is glycolysis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
10. Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
11. Glycolysis does not require oxygen.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
12. An end product of glycolysis is lactic acid.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: pp. 397-398
13. An end product of glycolysis is citric acid.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: pp. 397-398
14. The citric acid cycle follows glycolysis.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
15. The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
16. One of the end products of the citric acid cycle is carbon dioxide.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolism of glucose
REF: p. 398
17. One of the end products of the citric acid cycle is ADP.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
18. All of the processes in carbohydrate catabolism require oxygen.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
OBJ: 2
19. Some of the end products of both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are heat and high-energy
electrons.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
OBJ: 2
20. Although glucose is the cell`s first choice as an energy source, it cannot use glucose directly.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
OBJ: 2
21. ATP serves as the cell’s direct source of energy.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
22. ATP is used to store energy in the cell.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
23. ATP is able to release energy more rapidly than energy stored in food molecules.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
24. The only high-energy bond in ATP is between the second and third phosphate groups.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 398
OBJ: 2
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TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
25. ADP has no usable high-energy bonds.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
OBJ: 2
26. In the ATP-ADP cycle, the most important thing being added or lost in the ATP is energy.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
REF: p. 398
OBJ: 2
27. The catabolic reaction for glucose is called glycogenesis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
28. The end product of glycogenesis is glycogen.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
OBJ: 2
29. A person who has diabetes mellitus has a surplus of glucose and insulin in the blood.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
OBJ: 2
30. Both insulin and hydrocortisone lower the blood concentration of glucose.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
31. Both growth hormone and epinephrine increase the blood concentration of glucose.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
32. Like carbohydrates, fats are primarily energy foods.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fat metabolism
REF: p. 399
33. When the body uses fats for energy, it converts them to a substance that can go through
glycolysis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fat metabolism
REF: p. 399
34. People with diabetes mellitus burn much more glucose than they do fats.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Fat metabolism
REF: p. 399
OBJ: 2
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35. The result of fat anabolism is adipose tissue.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Fat metabolism
REF: p. 400
OBJ: 2
36. The body would prefer to use proteins for anabolism rather than catabolism.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Protein metabolism
REF: p. 400
OBJ: 2
37. Essential amino acids must be supplied by the diet.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Protein metabolism
REF: p. 400
38. Nonessential amino acids must be available for protein anabolism.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Protein metabolism
REF: p. 400
OBJ: 2
39. Vitamins are organic molecules needed in small quantities for normal metabolism.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: p. 400
40. Water-soluble vitamins can be stored in the liver, but fat-soluble vitamins must be included in
the diet on a continual basis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: p. 400
41. Minerals are inorganic elements or salts found naturally in the earth.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: p. 401
42. Both vitamins and minerals are necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: p. 401
43. Someone who has just eaten a big meal is not under basal conditions.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Metabolic rates
REF: p. 401
OBJ: 3
44. Someone who is awake but inactive is not under basal conditions.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Metabolic rates
REF: pp. 401-402
OBJ: 3
45. Your TMR is usually above your BMR.
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ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Metabolic rates
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 3
REF: pp. 402-403
OBJ: 3
46. Your BMR is usually above your TMR.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Metabolic rates
47. To maintain your weight, your caloric intake should equal your BMR.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Metabolic rates
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 3
48. To lose weight, reduce your caloric intake to below your TMR.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Metabolic rates
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 3
49. The skin is involved in a positive feedback loop for thermoregulation.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 4
50. The body can regulate its heat by controlling the amount of blood near the surface of the skin.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 4
51. The evaporation method of heat loss from the blood occurs by the absorption of heat by water
vaporization.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
52. The convection method of heat loss from the blood occurs by the transfer of heat energy to the
skin and then to the external environment.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
53. Shivering is a heat-generating activity of the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 404
54. “Use of food”` is a good phrase to describe metabolism.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 395
55. Before food can be assimilated, it must be digested.
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ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Application
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 1
56. Before food can be assimilated, it must be metabolized.
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Application
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 1
57. About 75% of the energy released by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is in the form of
ATP.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
58. ATP has three high-energy bonds, whereas ADP has only two.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
OBJ: 2
59. The normal concentration of glucose in the blood is 80–110 mg per 100 mL of blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
60. A drop in insulin production can produce a drop in the blood glucose level.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 399
61. If nonessential amino acids are missing from the diet, essential amino acids can be substituted
in the protein.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Protein metabolism
REF: p. 400
OBJ: 2
62. The end products of catabolism are larger and more complex than the starting substances.
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Application
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 1
63. The liver can store iron and vitamins A and C.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 397
64. The liver assists in mechanical digestion, but not in chemical digestion.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 2
65. Thermoregulation is the function of the hypothalamus.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
66. Normal body temperature is in the range of 97° F to 100° F.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
67. Proper nutrition requires a balance of the three basic types of food: carbohydrates, fats, and
protein.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 395
68. One function of the liver is to help maintain normal blood glucose concentration.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 396
69. The liver can process newly absorbed food because the inferior vena cava carries blood
directly from the small intestine to the liver.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 397
70. The process of glycolysis only produces enough energy for the body to gain two ATPs.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 397
71. Up to 42 molecules of ATP can be generated in the mitochondrion for every glucose molecule
that enters the metabolic pathway.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism
REF: p. 398
72. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that prevents free radicals from damaging DNA.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: p. 400
73. The four methods that the skin uses to cool the body are radiation, evaporation, conduction,
and perspiration.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
74. Macronutrients form the bulk of our diet.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dietary sources of nutrients
REF: p. 397
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75. The satiety center promotes the feeling of hunger.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulating food intake
REF: p. 401
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
a. Anabolism
b. Catabolism
c. Glycolysis
d. Citric acid cycle
e. Adenosine triphosphate
f. Glycogenesis
g. Nonessential amino acid
h. Essential amino acid
i. BMR
j. TMR
k. Adipose tissue
l. Nutrition
m. Metabolism
n. Assimilation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Part of carbohydrate metabolism that occurs in the mitochondria
Glucose anabolism
A type of chemical reaction that releases energy from food molecules
Necessary amino acids that can be made by the body
The amount of energy used when you are awake but resting, not digesting a meal and not in a
cold environment
The total amount of energy used by the body
A type of chemical reaction that builds smaller molecules into more complex ones
Necessary amino acids that must be continually included in the diet
A molecule that provides the direct source of energy for doing cell work
The part of carbohydrate metabolism that occurs in the cytoplasm
Term best defined as the use of food
Location in the body where anabolized fat is stored
Term best defined as the food we eat with the proper balance of carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
vitamins, and minerals
Occurs when food molecules enter the cell and undergo chemical changes there
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
D
2
F
2
B
1
G
3
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Nutrient metabolism
Memorization
Nutrient metabolism
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Nutrient metabolism
REF: p. 396
REF: p. 399
REF: p. 396
REF: p. 400
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5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
I
3
J
3
A
1
H
2
E
2
C
2
M
1
K
2
L
1
N
1
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Metabolic rates
Memorization
Metabolic rates
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Nutrient metabolism
Memorization
Nutrient metabolism
Memorization
Nutrient metabolism
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Fat metabolism
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Introduction
REF: p. 401
REF: p. 403
REF: p. 396
REF: p. 400
REF: p. 398
REF: p. 397
REF: p. 395
REF: p. 400
REF: p. 395
REF: p. 396
Match each vitamin or mineral with its function in the body.
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Vitamin D (calciferol)
Calcium
Iron
Iodine
Phosphorous
Vitamin E
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Sodium
Chlorine
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
A vitamin that helps enzymes in the citric acid cycle
A mineral that is important in the structure of RNA, DNA, and ATP
A mineral that is necessary for the production of red blood cells
A vitamin that is important in the production of blood
A vitamin that is important in the production of visual pigment
A mineral that is important in bone formation
A mineral that is important in the production of thyroid hormones
A vitamin that aids in the absorption of calcium
A vitamin that helps in the manufacture of collagen fibers
A mineral that helps in muscle and nerve function and in fluid balance
A vitamin that acts as an antioxidant that prevents free radicals from damaging the cell
A vitamin that helps in blood clotting
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27. A mineral that helps in stomach acid production and in acid-base balance
28. A vitamin that helps enzymes that catabolize amino acids
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
C
2
H
2
F
2
B
2
A
2
E
2
G
2
D
2
K
2
M
2
I
2
L
2
N
2
J
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Major vitamins
Memorization
Major minerals
Memorization
Major minerals
Memorization
Major vitamins
Memorization
Major vitamins
Memorization
Major minerals
Memorization
Major minerals
Memorization
Major vitamins
Memorization
Major vitamins
Memorization
Major minerals
Memorization
Vitamins and minerals
Memorization
Major vitamins
Memorization
Major minerals
Memorization
Major vitamins
REF: p. 401 (Table 17-3)
REF: p. 402 (Table 17-4)
REF: p. 402 (Table 17-4)
REF: p. 401 (Table 17-3)
REF: p. 401 (Table 17-3)
REF: p. 402 (Table 17-4)
REF: p. 402 (Table 17-4)
REF: p. 401 (Table 17-3)
REF: p. 401 (Table 17-3)
REF: p. 402 (Table 17-4)
REF: p. 401 (Table 17-3)
REF: p. 401 (Table 17-3)
REF: p. 402 (Table 17-4)
REF: p. 401 (Table 17-3)
ESSAY
1. Define anabolism and give an example of an anabolic process.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 1
TOP: Introduction
2. Define catabolism and give an example of a catabolic process.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 1
TOP: Introduction
3. Explain three functions of the liver.
ANS:
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(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver
REF: p. 396
OBJ: 2
4. Explain the process of glycolysis. What end products are produced and where does glycolysis
occur?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 397
OBJ: 2
TOP: Nutrient metabolism
5. Explain the process of the citric acid cycle. What is its starting substance, what are its end
products, and where does it occur?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 397-398
OBJ: 2
TOP: Nutrient metabolism
6. Diagram and explain the ATP-ADP cycle. Show specifically where the energy is added to and
taken from the cycle.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 398
OBJ: 2
TOP: Figure 16-3—Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
7. Explain fat catabolism and anabolism.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nutrient metabolism
REF: p. 399
OBJ: 2
8. Explain protein catabolism. Why is nonessential amino acid a misleading term?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 400
OBJ: 2
TOP: Nutrient metabolism
9. Name and give the source and function of three vitamins.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: pp. 400-401
OBJ: 2
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10. Name and give the source and function of three minerals.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: pp. 401-402
OBJ: 2
11. What general function is provided by both vitamins and minerals?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vitamins and minerals
REF: pp. 400-401
OBJ: 2
REF: pp. 401-403
OBJ: 3
12. Define BMR and TMR.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Metabolic rates
13. Explain the relationship between caloric intake, TMR, and body weight.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 3
TOP: Metabolic rates
14. Name and explain the mechanisms that allow the body to lose heat from the skin.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body temperature
REF: p. 403
OBJ: 4
15. Explain why a person would lose fat if he reduced his intake of carbohydrates?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nutrient metabolism
REF: p. 397
OBJ: 2
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Chapter 18: Urinary System
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The kidneys
a. lie medial to the backbone
b. are retroperitoneal
c. are in the peritoneum
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
OBJ: 1
2. The kidneys
a. are encased in a layer of fat
b. lie just above the waistline
c. lie directly across from each other
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
3. The kidneys
a. receive 10% of the blood pumped from the heart
b. help maintain proper blood pH
c. receive 5% of the blood pumped from the heart
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
4. The cortex of the kidney is the
a. inner part of the kidney
b. narrow innermost end of the pyramids
c. outer part of the kidney
d. triangular division of the medulla
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
5. The medulla of the kidney is
a. the inner part of the kidney
b. the narrow innermost end of the pyramids
c. the outer part of the kidney
d. a division of the renal pelvis
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
6. The pyramids of the kidney are
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a.
b.
c.
d.
the inner part of the kidney
the triangular divisions of the medulla
the outer part of the kidney
an expansion of the upper end of the ureter
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
7. The pelvis of the kidney is
a. the inner part of the kidney
b. the triangular divisions of the medulla
c. an expansion of the upper end of the ureter
d. the outer part of the kidney
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
8. The nephron is composed of the
a. renal corpuscle
b. renal capsule
c. renal tubules
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
9. Bowman capsule is
a. part of the renal tubules
b. a network of blood capillaries
c. the cup-shaped top part of the nephron
d. both a and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
10. The glomerulus is
a. part of the renal tubules
b. a network of blood capillaries
c. the cup-shaped top part of the nephron
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
11. The distal convoluted tubules are
a. the part of the nephron between the nephron loop and the collecting tube
b. part of the renal corpuscle
c. the cup-shaped top of the nephron
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 413
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12. The nephron loop
a. is part of the renal corpuscle
b. is part of the renal tubules
c. has a hairpin turn in its structure
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
13. Which part of the nephron can be found in the medulla of the kidney?
a. Bowman capsule
b. Glomerulus
c. Nephron loop
d. Distal convoluted tubule
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 412
14. Kidneys help regulate the concentration of which substance in the blood?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Bicarbonate
d. All of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 414
15. The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus help regulate
a. ammonia levels
b. acid-base balance
c. blood pressure
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 414
16. The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the blood capillaries is called
a. reabsorption
b. glomerular filtrate
c. secretion
d. none of the above
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of urine
REF: p. 415
17. The dissolved substances and fluid that move from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule are
called
reabsorbed substances
glomerular filtrate
secreted substances
none of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 415
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OBJ: 4
TOP: Formation of urine
18. The process by which substances move from the tubules of the nephron to the peritubular
capillaries is called
reabsorption
glomerular filtrate
secretion
none of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of urine
REF: p. 416
19. The amount of glomerular filtrate produced in 1 day is approximately
a. 180 liters
b. 18 liters
c. 8 liters
d. 1.8 liters
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of urine
REF: p. 415
20. Which hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and increases the permeability of the
collecting tube to water?
ANH
Aldosterone
ADH
Insulin
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of urine
REF: p. 418
21. Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands and increases the absorption of salt?
a. ANH
b. Aldosterone
c. ADH
d. Insulin
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of urine
REF: p. 418
22. Which hormone is secreted by the heart and is the salt- and water-losing hormone?
a. ANH
b. aldosterone
c. ADH
d. Insulin
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of urine
REF: p. 418
23. The production of an unusually large amount of urine is called
a. anuria
b. polyuria
c. oliguria
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d. glycosuria
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of urine
REF: p. 418
24. The renal pelvis drains into the
a. urethra
b. urinary bladder
c. ureter
d. nephron
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ureters
REF: p. 419
25. Urine leaves the body through the
a. urethra
b. urinary bladder
c. ureter
d. nephron
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urethra
REF: p. 420
26. Until it leaves the body, urine is held by the
a. urethra
b. urinary bladder
c. ureter
d. nephron
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Urinary bladder
REF: p. 420
OBJ: 6
27. The urinary meatus is part of the
a. urethra
b. urinary bladder
c. ureter
d. nephron
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urethra
REF: p. 420
28. The trigone is found in the
a. urethra
b. urinary bladder
c. ureter
d. nephron
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary bladder
REF: p. 420
29. Peristalsis like movement helps move urine through the
a. urethra
b. urinary bladder
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c. ureter
d. nephron
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ureters
REF: pp. 419-420
30. Emptying of the bladder is called
a. voiding
b. urinating
c. micturition
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
31. The emptying reflex causes the
a. contracting of the muscles of the bladder
b. relaxation of the internal sphincter
c. relaxation of the external sphincter
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
32. Which part of urinating is under voluntary control?
a. Contraction of the bladder muscles
b. Relaxation of the internal sphincter
c. Relaxation of the external sphincter
d. Both b and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
33. What condition occurs when the bladder is able to empty itself but no urine is being produced
by the kidneys?
Retention
Suppression
Incontinence
Polyuria
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
34. Which condition occurs when a person urinates involuntarily?
a. Retention
b. Suppression
c. Incontinence
d. Polyuria
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
35. Which condition occurs when urine is produced but cannot be removed from the bladder?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Retention
Suppression
Incontinence
Polyuria
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
36. The kidneys do not play a vital role in regulating
a. blood glucose level
b. pH balance
c. water balance
d. electrolyte balance
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 409
37. Which of the following do not help protect the kidney?
a. The rib cage
b. A fat pad
c. The hip bone
d. Muscles of the back
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
38. Nitrogenous waste in the blood is the result of
a. fat catabolism
b. protein catabolism
c. carbohydrate catabolism
d. nucleic acid catabolism
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 414
OBJ: 3
39. A nitrogen-containing waste product excreted by the kidney is
a. amino acid
b. ammonia
c. urea
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 414
40. Most of the water in the nephron is reabsorbed by the
a. nephron loop
b. proximal convoluted tubule
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. collecting tube
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 415
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41. Glycosuria
a. is a sign of diabetes mellitus
b. refers to glucose in the urine
c. occurs because the amount of glucose in the filtrate is more than the nephron can
reabsorb
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: pp. 416-417
42. Which of the following is not true of ADH?
a. It increases the amount of urine produced.
b. It is released from the pituitary gland.
c. It increases the collecting tube’s permeability to water.
d. All of the above are true of ADH.
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
43. The kidneys do not play a vital role in which of these functions?
a. Maintaining blood pressure
b. Stimulating red blood cell production
c. Acid-base balance
d. The kidney plays a vital role in all of the above functions
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 409
44. Which of the following structures is not part of the renal corpuscle?
a. Nephron loop
b. Bowman capsule
c. Glomerulus
d. All of the above are part of the renal corpuscle
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
45. Which of the following structures is not part of the renal tubules?
a. Nephron loop
b. Bowman capsule
c. Collecting tubule
d. Distal convoluted tubule
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
46. Which important mineral cannot be reabsorbed by the kidney?
a. Sodium
b. Chloride
c. Potassium
d. All of the above can be reabsorbed by the kidney
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 416
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OBJ: 4
TOP: Reabsorption
47. Which of the following is not true of renin?
a. It helps lower blood pressure in the body.
b. It helps raise blood pressure in the body.
c. It is a hormone.
d. Neither b nor c is true of renin.
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 418
48. The narrow, innermost end of a renal pyramid is called
a. a renal papilla
b. a renal calyx
c. a renal pelvis
d. a renal medulla
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Internal structure
REF: p. 411
49. The proximal convoluted tubule connects
a. the glomerulus and Bowman capsule
b. Bowman capsule and nephron loop
c. nephron loop and the collecting tubule
d. nephron loop and Bowman capsule
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 412
50. Substances to be reabsorbed must pass through how many barriers to get to the blood?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 415
51. The following is not a method used for reabsorption
a. phagocytosis
b. passive transport
c. active transport
d. all of the above are methods of reabsorption
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 416
52. Glucose is reabsorbed coupled with this substance
a. chloride
b. sodium
c. water
d. potassium
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ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 416
53. This hormone increases the amount of water lost in the urine
a. ADH
b. ANH
c. aldosterone
d. none of the above increases the amount of water lost in urine
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
OBJ: 5
54. The normal adult urine output is about
a. 500 mL/day
b. 1000 mL/day
c. 1500 mL/day
d. 2000 mL/day
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
55. Which of the following is not true of ureters?
a. They are about 25 inches long.
b. They are about a quarter of an inch wide.
c. They use peristalsis to help move urine to the bladder.
d. All of the above are true of ureters.
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ureters
REF: p. 419
56. The physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine is called
a. urinary retention
b. urinary suppression
c. urinalysis
d. countercurrent mechanism
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinalysis
REF: p. 423
TRUE/FALSE
1. Poorly functioning kidneys could lead to the development of uremia.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 409
2. The kidneys lie medial to the backbone and just above the waistline.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
OBJ: 1
3. In most people, the left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
4. The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity within the parietal peritoneum.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
OBJ: 1
5. Because of their location, the kidneys are considered retroperitoneal.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
6. About 20% of the blood pumped by the heart enters the kidneys.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
7. The medulla is the inner part of the kidney.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
8. The cortex is the inner part of the kidney.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
9. The pyramids are expansions of the upper end of the ureters.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
10. The pyramids are the triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
11. The pelvis is an expansion of the upper end of the ureter.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
12. The pelvis is the triangular division of the medulla of the kidney.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
13. Calyces are part of the renal pyramids.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
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14. The papillae are a division of the renal pelvis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
15. The calyces are part of the renal pelvis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
16. The nephron can be divided into two parts, the renal tubules and the renal capsule.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
17. The glomerulus is actually part of the circulatory system rather than the urinary system.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
OBJ: 2
18. The Bowman capsule is the cup-shaped top of the nephron.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
19. Even though the glomerulus is a network of blood capillaries, it is considered part of the renal
corpuscle.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
OBJ: 2
20. The proximal convoluted tubule is the renal tubule nearest Bowman capsule.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
21. The distal convoluted tubule is an extension of the descending nephron loop.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
22. The distal convoluted tubule connects with the collecting tubule.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: pp. 411, 413
23. The distal and proximal convoluted tubules are named for their proximity to Bowman capsule.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
OBJ: 2
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24. The nephron loop is located between Bowman capsule and the proximal convoluted tubule.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
25. The nephron loop is located between the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting tubule.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 412
26. The nephron loop can extend into the medulla of the kidney.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 412
27. Bowman capsule can extend into the medulla of the kidney.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 412
28. Bowman capsule catches glomerular filtrate.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Formation of urine
REF: p. 415
OBJ: 2
29. The anabolism of protein creates nitrogenous wastes such as urea and ammonia.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 414
OBJ: 3
30. The kidneys regulate the blood concentration of chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 414
31. The juxtaglomerular apparatus assists in the regulation of blood pressure.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 414
32. The glomerular filtrate is actively transported into Bowman capsule.
ANS: F
TOP: Filtration
DIF: Application
REF: p. 415
OBJ: 4
33. A drop in blood pressure would cause a decrease in glomerular filtrate and a reflexive increase
in urine production.
ANS: F
TOP: Filtration
DIF: Application
REF: p. 415
OBJ: 4
34. The movement of materials from the filtrate to the blood is called secretion.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 415
35. Water is moved from the kidney tubules into the blood by osmosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 415
36. Of the 178 liters of water filtered out of the blood every day, about 150 liters are reabsorbed.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Filtration
REF: p. 415
37. In a healthy kidney, almost no glucose is lost in the urine.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 416
38. Glycosuria is symptomatic of diabetes mellitus.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 417
OBJ: 4
39. Sodium ions are returned to the blood primarily by active transport.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 416
40. Secretion moves hydrogen ions from the filtrate to the blood whereas active transport moves
hydrogen ions from the blood to the filtrate.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Secretion
REF: p. 417
41. Secretion adds material to the urine; reabsorption removes material from the urine.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Reabsorption | Secretion
REF: p. 417
OBJ: 4
42. Any material that is filtered and not reabsorbed will be lost in the urine.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 416
OBJ: 4
43. Any material that is reabsorbed and not secreted will be lost in the urine.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Reabsorption | Secretion
REF: p. 416
OBJ: 4
44. ADH increases the amount of urine produced by increasing the permeability of the collecting
tubule to water.
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ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
OBJ: 5
45. A high blood level of aldosterone would cause an increase in the amount of sodium in the
peritubular blood vessel.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
OBJ: 5
46. Both ADH and aldosterone tend to increase the volume of urine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
47. ANH and ADH have the opposite effect on urine volume.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
OBJ: 5
48. Anuria and polyuria are opposite conditions.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
OBJ: 5
49. The urethra connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ureters
REF: p. 419
50. Gravity moves urine through the ureters.
ANS: F
TOP: Ureters
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 419-420
OBJ: 6
51. The wall of the urinary bladder consists of elastic fibers and voluntary muscles.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary bladder
REF: p. 420
52. The trigone is formed by the entry of the two ureters and the exit of the urethra.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Urinary bladder
REF: p. 420
OBJ: 6
53. The trigone is unique in the bladder wall because it is the only part with rugae.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary bladder
REF: p. 420
54. The urinary meatus is part of the urethra.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 420
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OBJ: 6
TOP: Urethra
55. The urethra is the tube leading from the bladder to the outside.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urethra
REF: pp. 420-421
56. The urethra tends to be longer in females than in males.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urethra
REF: pp. 420-421
57. In the male the urethra is part of two systems. In the female it is part of only one system.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urethra
REF: p. 421
58. Micturition, voiding, and urination all refer to the same thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
59. The emptying reflex that allows the bladder to empty causes the contraction of the muscles of
the bladder wall, and relaxation of the internal and external urethral sphincter.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
60. The internal urethral sphincter is under voluntary control.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
61. The external urethral sphincter is under voluntary control.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
62. In suppression, the kidneys are still functioning normally.
ANS: F
TOP: Micturition
DIF: Application
REF: p. 421
OBJ: 6
63. In retention, the kidneys are no longer producing urine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
64. Incontinence is a condition in which urine is voided involuntarily.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
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65. The source of the waste products that are removed by the kidney is cell metabolism.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 409
66. The lower part of the rib cage protects the uppermost part of the kidney.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
67. The portion of the medulla between the renal pyramids is called the renal columns.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
68. In order to maintain high blood pressure in the glomerulus, the efferent arteriole has a larger
diameter than the afferent arteriole.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
69. The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes a hormone when blood pressure is low.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 414
70. The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes a hormone that causes dilation of blood vessels.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 414
71. Filtration and secretion occur in different parts of the nephron.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Filtration | Secretion
REF: pp. 415, 417
72. Filtration and secretion in the nephron move solutes in opposite directions.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Filtration | Secretion
REF: pp. 415, 417
OBJ: 4
73. Secretion usually occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting tubule.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Secretion
REF: p. 417
74. The pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and the heart all produce hormones that help control urine
volume.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
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75. Renal colic is caused by high concentrations of glucose in the urine.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 416
76. The bladder can easily hold 300 to 400 mL of urine.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
77. The kidneys help regulate both electrolytes and red blood cell production.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 409
78. The kidneys help regulate blood pressure and the pH of the blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 409
79. Bowman capsule and the nephron loop make up the renal capsule.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
80. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the nephron loop are all part of the renal
tubules.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: pp. 411, 413
81. Glycosuria can occur if the level of glucose in the blood is below the renal threshold.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 417
OBJ: 4
82. Both filtration and secretion occur in the renal corpuscle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Filtration | Secretion
REF: pp. 415, 417
83. None of the hormones that regulate urine volume are made in the kidney.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of urine volume
REF: p. 418
84. The renal pelvis is actually part of the ureter.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ureters
REF: p. 411
85. A heavy cushion of smooth fat surrounds and protects each kidney.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
86. Kidneys are considered vital organs.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Function
REF: p. 413
87. Glomerular filtration normally occurs at the rate of 225 mL per minute.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Filtration
REF: p. 415
88. The urinary bladder sits behind the uterus in women and rests on the prostate gland in men.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary bladder
REF: p. 420
89. The countercurrent flow of filtrate back up the nephron loop permits transport of large
amounts of sodium and chloride into the interstitial fluid of the medulla.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reabsorption
REF: p. 416
MATCHING
Match each of the following terms with its definition or description.
Medulla of the kidney
Cortex of the kidney
Pyramids of the kidney
Pelvis of the kidney
Renal corpuscle
Glomerulus
Bowman capsule
Nephron loop
Proximal convoluted tubule
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Nephron
Renal papilla
Calyx
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
First part of the renal tubules
Part of the nephron that can extend into the medulla of the kidney
An expansion of the upper end of the ureter
Inner part of the kidney
Cup-shaped part of the nephron
Consists of Bowman capsule and the glomerulus
A network of capillaries in the renal corpuscle
Outer layer of the kidney
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9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney
Part of the nephron that helps regulate blood pressure
A division of the renal pelvis into which a renal pyramid opens
Narrow, innermost end of a renal pyramid
Microscopic structure that makes up the unit of filtration for the kidney
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
I
2
H
2
D
1
A
1
G
2
E
2
F
2
B
1
C
1
J
3
M
1
L
1
K
2
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Kidneys—Microscopic structure
Memorization
Kidneys—Microscopic structure
Memorization
Kidneys—Internal structure
Memorization Kidneys—
Internal structure
Memorization
Kidneys—Microscopic structure
Memorization
Kidneys—Microscopic structure
Memorization
Kidneys—Microscopic structure
Memorization
Kidneys—Internal structure
Memorization Kidneys—
Internal structure
Memorization
Kidneys—Function
Memorization
Kidneys—Internal structure
Memorization
Kidneys—Internal structure
Memorization
Kidneys—Microscopic structure
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 414
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
REF: p. 411
Match each of the following terms with its definition or description.
Reabsorption
Secretion
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
Suppression
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Micturition
Incontinence
Retention
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
14. Another term for urination
15. Movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the capillaries
16. Organ that stores urine until it is removed from the body
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17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Tube that carries urine out of the body
A hormone that is produced in the pituitary gland and helps reabsorb water
Movement of substances from the capillaries into the renal tubules
A hormone that is made by the adrenal gland and helps reabsorb salt
Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
A condition in which the bladder can empty itself, but the kidney is not producing urine
A hormone that is made in the heart and is the salt- and water-losing hormone
A condition in which urine can be produced but cannot be voided
A condition in which a person voids involuntarily
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
J
6
A
4
H
6
I
6
C
4
B
4
D
4
G
6
F
6
E
4
L
6
K
6
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Micturition
Memorization
Formation of urine
Memorization
Urinary bladder
Memorization
Urethra
Memorization
Formation of urine
Memorization
Formation of urine
Memorization
Formation of urine
Memorization
Ureters
Memorization
Micturition
Memorization
Formation of urine
Memorization
Micturition
Memorization
Micturition
REF: p. 421
REF: p. 415
REF: p. 420
REF: p. 420
REF: p. 418
REF: p. 417
REF: p. 418
REF: p. 419
REF: p. 421
REF: p. 418
REF: p. 421
REF: p. 421
Match the order in which fluid would pass through the urinary system.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
f. 6
g. 7
h. 8
i. 9
26.
27.
28.
29.
Urethra
Bowman capsule
Distal convoluted tubule
Ureter
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30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Nephron loop
Collecting tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Urinary bladder
Pelvis of the kidney
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
I
6
A
2
D
2
G
6
C
2
E
2
B
2
H
6
F
1
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Urethra
Memorization
Microscopic structure
Memorization
Microscopic structure
Memorization
Ureters
Memorization
Microscopic structure
Memorization
Microscopic structure
Memorization
Microscopic structure
Memorization
Urinary bladder
Memorization
Internal structure
REF: pp. 417, 419-420
REF: pp. 417, 419-420
REF: pp. 417, 419-420
REF: pp. 417, 419-420
REF: pp. 417, 419-420
REF: pp. 417, 419-420
REF: pp. 417, 419-420
REF: pp. 417, 419-420
REF: pp. 417, 419-420
ESSAY
1. Give a brief description of the following structures of the kidney: cortex, medulla, pyramids,
and pelvis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Internal structure
REF: p. 411
OBJ: 1
2. Describe the location of the kidney. What protection do the kidneys have? To what does
retroperitoneal refer?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Kidneys—Location
REF: p. 410
OBJ: 1
3. Explain the processes of reabsorption and secretion. List some substances that are moved by
each process.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 415-417
OBJ: 4
TOP: Formation of urine
4. Is glycosuria a failure of secretion or reabsorption? Explain your answer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 415-417
OBJ: 4
TOP: Formation of urine
5. Starting at the glomerulus, explain what occurs at each part of the nephron.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: pp. 415-417
TOP: Kidneys—Microscopic structure
OBJ: 2
6. List the three hormones involved in urine volume regulation. Give their source and their
effects on urine volume.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of urine
REF: p. 418
OBJ: 5
7. If a person has been working hard on a hot day with very little to drink, would ANH or ADH
be in higher concentration in the blood? Explain your answer.
ANS:
ADH. The increase in ADH would reduce the water loss in urine and cause the kidneys to
reabsorb more water. An increase in ANH would increase the water loss in urine and increase
dehydration.
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 418
OBJ: 5
TOP: Formation of urine
8. Describe and give the location and function of the ureters.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ureters
REF: pp. 419-420
OBJ: 6
9. Describe and give the location and function of the urinary bladder.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary bladder
REF: p. 420
OBJ: 6
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10. Describe and give the location and function of the urethra.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urethra
REF: pp. 420-421
OBJ: 6
11. List the differences between the male urethra and female urethra.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urethra
REF: pp. 420-421
OBJ: 6
12. What structural feature allows the spread of a urethral infection to other parts of the urinary
tract?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urethra
REF: p. 420
OBJ: 6
13. Explain the process of micturition. What part of the process is under voluntary control?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Micturition
REF: p. 421
OBJ: 6
14. Explain why urinary catheterization is effective in treating urinary retention but not urinary
suppression.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 421
OBJ: 6
TOP: Micturition
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Chapter 19: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The fluid inside the cell is called
a. plasma
b. intracellular fluid
c. interstitial fluid
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
2. Extracellular fluid includes
a. plasma and intracellular fluid
b. interstitial and intracellular fluids
c. plasma and interstitial fluid
d. plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
3. The fluid that surrounds the cells is called
a. plasma
b. interstitial fluid
c. intracellular fluid
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
4. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. People with more body fat have more body water.
b. Infants have less water per pound than adults.
c. Females have less water per pound than men.
d. Both a and c above.
ANS: C
TOP: Body fluids
DIF: Application
REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1
5. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. People with less body fat have more body water.
b. Infants have less water per pound than adults.
c. Females have more body water per pound than men.
d. All of the above.
ANS: A
TOP: Body fluids
DIF: Application
REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1
6. The chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is to
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a.
b.
c.
d.
adjust fluid intake so it equals fluid output
adjust fluid intake so it is slightly above fluid output
adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input
none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
7. Sources of water intake include
a. the liquids we drink
b. water from the food we eat
c. water from metabolic processes
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
8. The organ that has the greatest effect on fluid output is the
a. kidney
b. lungs
c. skin
d. intestine
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
9. The hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body is
a. ADH
b. aldosterone
c. ANH
d. both a and b above
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
OBJ: 3
10. The hormone that increases the amount of water in the body is
a. ADH
b. aldosterone
c. ANH
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
OBJ: 3
11. When dehydration begins to occur
a. the body reduces fluid output to zero
b. the body increases the release of ANH
c. the salivary secretions decrease
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
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12. Electrolytes
a. form when glucose is added to water
b. dissociate in water solutions
c. form ions in water solutions
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
13. The most abundant positive ion in blood plasma is
a. potassium
b. calcium
c. sodium
d. both potassium and sodium are in equal concentrations
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
14. The most abundant negative ion in blood plasma is
a. bicarbonate
b. chloride
c. hydroxide
d. phosphate
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
15. Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production?
a. Sodium
b. Iodine
c. Iron
d. Chloride
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
16. Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?
a. Sodium
b. Iodine
c. Iron
d. Chloride
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
17. In blood plasma
a. the number of positive ions is greater than the number of negative ions
b. the number of positive ions is less than the number of negative ions
c. the number of positive and negative ions are equal
d. there are no electrolytes
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Common electrolytes found in blood plasma
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18. The most important regulator of the amount of sodium in the body is the
a. kidney
b. small intestine
c. large intestine
d. skin
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
19. Aldosterone
a. is released by the pituitary gland
b. increases the urine volume
c. increases sodium reabsorption
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
20. Aldosterone
a. increases sodium reabsorption by the kidney
b. increases water reabsorption
c. increases the water volume in extracellular fluid
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
21. An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to
a. increase interstitial fluid volume
b. increase plasma volume
c. decrease interstitial fluid volume
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
DIF: Application REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
OBJ: 2
22. A decrease in blood protein concentration would tend to
a. increase interstitial fluid volume
b. decrease blood plasma volume
c. decrease interstitial fluid volume
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
OBJ: 2
23. The main water-holding force in the blood capillaries is
a. capillary blood pressure
b. sodium in the blood plasma
c. protein in the blood plasma
d. chloride in the blood plasma
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
24. The main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries is
a. blood pressure
b. sodium in the blood plasma
c. sodium in the interstitial fluid
d. protein in the blood plasma
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
25. In dehydration
a. intercellular fluid volume drops first
b. plasma volume drops first
c. interstitial fluid drops first
d. neither interstitial nor intracellular fluid volume are affected
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 434
26. Dehydration can be caused by
a. prolonged vomiting
b. prolonged diarrhea
c. too little fluid intake
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 434
27. Overhydration
a. occurs about as often as dehydration
b. can put too heavy a burden on the kidneys
c. can be caused by giving intravenous fluids too rapidly
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: pp. 434-435
28. Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?
a. Cerebrospinal fluid
b. The humors of the eye
c. Lymph
d. All of the above are extracellular fluids
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
29. The largest volume of water in the body is
a. plasma
b. the fluid inside the cells
c. interstitial fluid
d. lymph
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ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 430
30. The person with the greatest percentage of body water would be
a. an obese male
b. a nonobese male
c. a nonobese female
d. a newborn
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
31. Under normal circumstances, the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss. Which
organ provides the second greatest?
a. Skin
b. Lungs
c. Intestines
d. Muscles
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Typical normal values for each portal of water entry and exit
32. A newborn can have a percentage of body water as high as
a. 80%
b. 70%
c. 60%
d. 90%
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
33. Which of the following organs does not contribute to fluid output from the body?
a. Lungs
b. Skin
c. Intestine
d. All of the above organs contribute to fluid output from the body
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
34. The most common positive ion in intracellular fluid is
a. calcium
b. potassium
c. sodium
d. magnesium
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
35. The most important negative ion in intracellular fluid is
a. phosphate ions
b. protein molecules
c. chlorine
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d. both a and b above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
36. The term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L is
a. hyponatremia
b. hyperkalemia
c. hypernatremia
d. hypercalcemia
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
REF: p. 437
TRUE/FALSE
1. The largest volume of fluid in the body is in the plasma.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
2. Three main fluid compartments of the body are intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, and
plasma.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
3. Two fluid compartments make up the interstitial fluid compartment: the extracellular fluid and
the plasma.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
4. Infants have less water per pound of body weight than do adults.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
5. Obese people tend to have more water per pound of body weight than do slender people.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
6. Adults have less water per pound of body weight than do infants.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
7. Men tend to have less water per pound of body weight than do women.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
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8. Slender people tend to have more water per pound of body weight than do obese people.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
9. The most important mechanism in regulating fluid balance is to adjust fluid intake.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 430
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
10. The three main sources of fluid intake are the fluids we drink, the liquid in the foods we eat,
and the water formed by metabolic processes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
11. Fluid loss can occur from the kidneys, lungs, skin, or intestines.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
12. The fluid output that changes most is the amount of sweat lost from the skin.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
13. The body regulates the amount of fluid lost by increasing or decreasing the amount of urine
produced.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 431
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
OBJ: 3
14. ADH tends to increase the amount of urine produced.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
OBJ: 3
15. ADH tends to increase the amount of water reabsorbed by the body.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
OBJ: 3
16. ANH is made by the heart.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
17. Aldosterone is released by the pituitary gland.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
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18. ADH is released by the adrenal glands.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
19. In cases of dehydration, the body can reduce its fluid output to zero.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
20. The compound glucose is an electrolyte.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
21. The compound sodium chloride is an electrolyte.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
22. When electrolytes are dissolved in water they produce ions.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
23. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium are examples of positive ions found in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
24. Chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate are examples of negative ions found in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
25. The electrolyte iron is important in the production of thyroid hormones.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
26. The electrolyte iodine is important in the production of thyroid hormones.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
27. The electrolyte iron is important in the production of hemoglobin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
28. Where sodium goes, water follows.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 436
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
29. The most abundant positive ion in the blood is calcium.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
30. The most abundant negative ion in the blood is chloride.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
31. In the blood, the total number of negative ions equals the total number of positive ions.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Figure 19-9 Electrolytes found in fluid compartments of the body
32. Increased arterial blood pressure causes the baroreceptors to stimulate the release of
aldosterone.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
TOP: Figure 19-5—Aldosterone mechanism
OBJ: 4
33. As the sodium content in the blood increases, the volume of urine increases.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
TOP: Figure 19-5—Aldosterone mechanism
OBJ: 4
34. The effect of aldosterone is to increase the volume of the extracellular fluid.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
OBJ: 4
35. The main regulators of sodium in the body are the sweat glands of the skin and the intestines.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrolyte function
REF: pp. 435-436
36. The kidney is the main regulator of sodium in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrolyte function
REF: p. 436
37. Plasma proteins are the main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
38. Plasma proteins are the main water-pulling force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
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39. Capillary blood pressure is the main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
40. Capillary blood pressure is the main water-pulling force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
41. A reduction in capillary blood pressure would allow more blood to be pushed into the
interstitial fluid.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
OBJ: 2
42. A reduction in the protein concentration in the plasma would allow more blood to remain in
the interstitial fluid.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
OBJ: 2
43. An increase in the protein concentration in the plasma would allow more blood to remain in
the interstitial fluid.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
OBJ: 2
44. A decrease in capillary blood pressure or an increase in the plasma protein concentration
would have about the same effect on the interstitial fluid.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
OBJ: 2
45. An increase in capillary blood pressure or a decrease in the plasma protein concentration
would have about the same effect on the interstitial fluid.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
OBJ: 2
46. Capillary blood pressure and plasma protein concentration have the opposite effects on
interstitial fluid.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
OBJ: 2
47. If plasma volume drops drastically, adequate circulation cannot be maintained.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
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48. Dehydration and overhydration occur in about equal frequency.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 434
49. Prolonged vomiting can result in dehydration.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 434
50. Middle-aged adults are at the greatest risk for dehydration caused by diarrhea.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 434
51. Loss of skin elasticity is a clinical sign of overhydration.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 435
52. In dehydration, interstitial fluid volume decreases first.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 434
53. One of the results of overhydration is to put too heavy a burden on the kidneys.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 435
54. Fluid balance implies that both total volume and distribution of water remain normal.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 429
55. The most abundant substance in the body is water.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
56. Fluid makes up about 25% of the body weight of the average adult.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
57. The percentage of body water increases slightly over the first 10 years of life.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
58. No matter how dehydrated the body gets, it will continue to lose water through the lungs and
skin.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of fluid intake
REF: p. 433
59. One of the first signs of dehydration is the reduction in the production of saliva.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of fluid intake
REF: p. 433
60. Proteins are considered negative ions.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
61. The large intestine assists in the regulation of sodium in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 436
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
62. The water-pushing forces in the capillary are highest at the venous end of the capillary.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
OBJ: 2
63. In newborns, water may account for as much as 80% of the total body weight.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluids
REF: p. 430
64. One reason the amount of water per pound increases in the elderly is that the muscle mass
decreases and body fat increases.
ANS: F
TOP: Body fluids
DIF: Application
REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1
65. With slight variation, the amount of extracellular fluid equals the amount of intracellular fluid.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
66. The second greatest source of water for the body is the water produced by the catabolism of
food.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
TOP: Typical normal values for each portal of water entry and exit
67. Potassium is the most common cation in intracellular fluid.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 431
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
68. Lymph and cerebrospinal fluid are considered interstitial fluid.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
69. Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, and the humors in the eye are all considered transcellular fluid.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
70. Ions that carry a positive charge are called anions.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
71. A milliequivalent (mEq) is a unit used to describe the relative atomic mass of various ions in
the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Electrolyte function
REF: p. 436
72. Water intoxication may result from rapidly drinking large volumes of water or giving
hypotonic solutions to persons unable to dilute and excrete urine normally.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 435
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
Intracellular fluid
Interstitial fluid
Plasma
ADH
ANH
Electrolyte
Capillary blood pressure
Plasma proteins
Dehydration
Overhydration
Anions
Aldosterone
Extracellular fluid
Edema
Fluid compartments
Cations
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dissociates into ions in a water solution
Fluid that is in spaces between the cells
A hormone that is made in the pituitary gland and increases water absorption in the kidney
Can be the result of prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
A hormone that is made in the heart and can increase the amount of water lost in the urine
Liquid fraction of whole blood
Main water-pushing force moving fluid out of the capillaries
Can result if intravenous fluid is administered too rapidly
Fluid inside the cells
Force pulling water back into the capillaries
Consists of plasma, transcellular fluid, and interstitial fluid
The two examples of these are extracellular and intracellular
Term given to negatively changed ions
Term given to positively charged ions
Tissue swelling as a result of too much interstitial fluid
Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that increases sodium reabsorption from the kidneys
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
F
4
B
1
D
3
I
5
E
3
C
1
G
2
J
5
A
1
H
2
M
1
O
1
K
4
P
4
N
4
L
5
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 431
TOP: Body fluid compartments
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Fluid imbalances
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 431
TOP: Body fluid compartments
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 434-435
TOP: Fluid imbalances
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 431
TOP: Body fluid compartments
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 434
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 431
TOP: Body fluid compartments
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 431
TOP: Body fluid compartments
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 436
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Fluid volume variations
Match the term with its correct definition.
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hyponatremia
c. Hypocalcemia
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d. Hypernatremia
e. Hypercalcemia
f. Hypokalemia
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Dietary calcium deficiency
Low blood potassium level
Blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L
Blood potassium levels of more than 5.1 mEq/L
Blood sodium level below 136 mEq/L
Blood calcium levels rise above normal limits
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
C
5
F
5
D
5
A
5
B
5
E
5
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Electrolyte imbalances
Memorization
Electrolyte imbalances
Memorization
Electrolyte imbalances
Memorization
Electrolyte imbalances
Memorization
Electrolyte imbalances
Memorization
Electrolyte imbalances
REF: p. 438
REF: p. 437
REF: p. 437
REF: p. 437
REF: p. 437
REF: p. 438
ESSAY
1. Name and describe the fluid compartments of the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Body fluid compartments
REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1
2. Explain the impact of body fat, gender, and age on the amount of water per pound in the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1
TOP: Body fluids
3. What is the impact of ADH, aldosterone, and ANH on the amount of fluid reabsorbed into the
body from the kidneys?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
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4. Explain the mechanism of fluid intake regulation. Why can fluid output in the body never
reach zero?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 433-435
TOP: Regulation of fluid intake
5. What is an electrolyte? Name several positive and negative ions found in the body and give
their functions.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
OBJ: 4
6. Explain the mechanism by which aldosterone can help maintain fluid homeostasis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
7. Explain the mechanism by which ADH can help maintain fluid homeostasis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
8. Explain the effect that very low capillary blood pressure would have on the plasma–interstitial
fluid balance.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
9. Explain the effect that a very low plasma protein concentration would have on the
plasma–interstitial fluid balance.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
10. What are some causes of dehydration? Which age group is particularly at risk?
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5
11. What is a cause of overhydration? What organ is particularly at risk of being overburdened?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fluid imbalances
REF: pp. 434-435
OBJ: 5
12. If a person were dehydrated, what fluid regulating hormone(s) would be in high concentration
in the blood? Explain your answer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 434
OBJ: 4
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance | Electrolyte function
13. If a person were overhydrated, what fluid-regulating hormone(s) would be in high
concentration in the blood?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 434-435 OBJ: 4
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance | Electrolyte function
14. Why does it make sense to have people with high blood pressure restrict their intake of salt?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
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Chapter 20: Acid-Base Balance
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. pH is a measurement of the
a. hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
b. hydroxide ion concentration of a solution
c. amount of buffer needed in a solution
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
2. A solution with a pH of 7.0
a. would have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
b. would have fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
c. would have an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
d. would be an acid solution
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1
3. A solution with a pH of 9.0 would
a. be an acid solution
b. have fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
c. be neutral
d. have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1
4. A solution with a pH of 5.0 would
a. be an acid solution
b. have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
c. be neutral
d. both a and b above
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1
5. A solution with a pH of 7.0 would
a. have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
b. be an acid solution
c. be a neutral solution
d. both a and c above
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1
6. If saliva has a pH of 7.7, arterial blood has a pH of 7.45. That means
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a.
b.
c.
d.
arterial blood is more alkaline than saliva
arterial blood is more acid than saliva
saliva has more hydrogen ions than arterial blood
both a and c above
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 446
OBJ: 1
7. The mechanism used by the body to regulate body pH is
a. the buffer system
b. the respiratory mechanism
c. the urinary mechanism
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
8. The slightly lower pH of venous blood compared to arterial blood is caused by
a. the lower oxygen level of venous blood
b. the influx of lactic acid in venous blood
c. the influx of carbon dioxide in venous blood
d. all of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
9. The enzyme that converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid is
a. carbonic anhydrase
b. carbaminohemoglobin
c. carbonate
d. carbon dioxidase
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
10. Buffer pairs
a. absorb hydrogen ions
b. absorb hydroxide ions
c. prevent sharp changes in the pH of a solution
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 447
11. Metabolism tends to add
a. more bases than acids to the blood
b. more acids than bases to the blood
c. about an equal amount of acids and bases
d. only neutral substances to the blood
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 447
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12. The results of metabolic processes usually add
a. relatively weak bases to the blood
b. relatively strong bases to the blood
c. relatively weak acids to the blood
d. relatively strong acids to the blood
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 447
13. Strong acids tend to
a. greatly raise the pH
b. greatly lower the pH
c. do not dissociate as much as weak acids
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 447
14. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers an acid
a. water is an end product
b. carbonic anhydrase reacts with the carbonic acid
c. more sodium bicarbonate is formed
d. more carbonic acid is formed
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF: p. 448
TOP: Buffering action of sodium bicarbonate
OBJ: 2
15. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers an acid
a. the pH of the blood drops slightly
b. a weak acid is replaced by a strong acid
c. water is formed
d. both a and c above
ANS: A
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2
16. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base
a. water is produced
b. hydrogen ions are added to the solution
c. more carbonic acid is produced
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Buffering action of carbonic acid
REF: p. 448
OBJ: 2
17. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base
a. sodium chloride is produced
b. water is produced
c. the pH rises less than it would if there were no buffer system
d. both b and c above
ANS: D
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 448
OBJ: 2
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18. An increased respiration rate
a. increases the carbonic acid in the blood
b. decreases the carbonic acid in the blood
c. causes the pH of the blood to drop
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 450
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control
19. A decrease in respiration rate
a. increases the carbonic acid in the blood
b. decreases the carbonic acid in the blood
c. causes a drop in blood pH
d. both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 450
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control
20. The most effective regulator of blood pH is
a. the buffer system
b. the respiratory system
c. the urinary system
d. both b and c are equally effective
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
21. When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions
a. the pH of the blood drops
b. the pH of the urine drops
c. carbonic acid is formed in the blood
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
22. When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions
a. the pH of the urine rises
b. sodium ions are added to the urine also
c. the bicarbonate ion is added to the urine also
d. none of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
23. The kidney also can acidify the urine by
a. converting an ammonia molecule to an amino group
b. by deaminating a fat
c. by converting an amino group to ammonia
d. both b and c above
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 450
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OBJ: 3
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
24. Acidosis occurs when the
a. blood concentration of hydrogen ions drop
b. blood pH drops
c. concentration of the hydroxide ion increases
d. pH of the blood rises
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH imbalance
REF: p. 450
25. Alkalosis occurs when the
a. blood concentration of hydrogen ions rises
b. pH of the blood drops
c. concentration of the hydroxide ion drops
d. blood pH rises
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH imbalance
REF: p. 450
26. The proper buffer pair ratio is
a. 20 times more sodium bicarbonate than carbonic acid
b. 20 times more carbonic acid than sodium bicarbonate
c. 10 times more sodium bicarbonate than carbonic acid
d. 10 times more carbonic acid than sodium bicarbonate
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH imbalance
REF: p. 450
27. Patients with a bicarbonate deficit experience
a. metabolic alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory alkalosis
d. respiratory acidosis
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
28. Patients with a carbonic acid excess experience
a. metabolic alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory alkalosis
d. respiratory acidosis
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
29. Excessive vomiting results in a massive loss of HCl and
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. metabolic alkalosis
d. respiratory acidosis
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ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
OBJ: 4
30. A drop in the ratio of sodium bicarbonate to carbonic acid because of untreated diabetes can
be called
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
uncompensated metabolic acidosis
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vomiting and metabolic alkalosis
REF: p. 452
31. The fluid in the body with the highest hydrogen ion concentration is
a. saliva
b. gastric juice
c. venous blood
d. arterial blood
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 446
OBJ: 1
32. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is found
a. in red blood cells
b. in white blood cells
c. in epithelial cells lining blood vessels
d. as a free protein in blood plasma
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
33. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers lactic acid
a. the amount of carbonic acid in the blood decreases
b. the amount of carbonic acid in the blood increases
c. the amount of bicarbonate in the blood increases
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 448
34. The term fixed acid means
a. an acid that does not break down to form a gas
b. a weak acid that will not dissociate
c. an acid that cannot be broken down to a simpler substance
d. an acid that resists neutralization
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 448
35. The part of the nephron that secretes hydrogen ions into the urine is the
a. proximal tubule
b. Henle loop
c. distal tubule
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d. collecting tubule
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
36. Effective functioning of which of the following depends on the regulation of the hydrogen ion
concentration?
a. Cellular enzymes
b. Antibodies
c. Hemoglobin
d. Both a and c above depend on regulation of the hydrogen ion concentration
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 445
37. A solution with a pH of 9.0 has
a. 10 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7.0
b. 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7.0
c. 100 times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7.0
d. 10 times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7.0
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 446
OBJ: 1
38. When comparing venous and arterial blood
a. arterial blood is basic and venous blood is acidic
b. venous blood is basic and arterial blood is acidic
c. both venous and arterial blood are slightly acidic
d. both venous and arterial blood are slightly basic
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 446
39. The lungs can remove the equivalent of more than this much carbonic acid each day
a. 30 liters
b. 40 liters
c. 50 liters
d. 20 liters
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
40. One advantage that the kidneys have over the lungs in regulating pH is that
a. they can remove a large amount of carbonic acid
b. they can raise the pH of the blood
c. they can lower the pH of the blood
d. kidneys have no advantage over the lungs in regulating pH
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
OBJ: 3
41. What term describes the set of processes that the body uses to try to restore balance when
acidosis or alkalosis occurs?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Cotransport
Compensation
Bicarbonate loading
Emesis
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Compensation for pH imbalances
REF: p. 451
42. The term that describes the condition when the respiratory system has not yet compensated for
the drop in pH is called
bicarbonate loading
emesis
uncompensated metabolic acidosis
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Compensation for pH imbalances
REF: p. 451
43. Following cardiac arrest, there is almost an immediate development of
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. respiratory acidosis
c. metabolic alkalosis
d. metabolic acidosis
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
TRUE/FALSE
1. The pH of a solution indicates the solution’s hydrogen ion concentration.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
2. An acid solution has a pH above 7.0.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
3. An acid solution has more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1
4. As the pH value of a solution goes up, the hydrogen ion concentration goes up.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1
5. A neutral solution has an equal number of hydroxide and hydrogen ions.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 445
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OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
6. An alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7.0.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
7. Arterial blood has a pH of 7.45. Venous blood has a pH of 7.35. This means that venous blood
is more basic than arterial blood.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 446
OBJ: 1
8. Arterial blood has a pH of 7.45. Venous blood has a pH of 7.35. This means that arterial blood
has fewer hydrogen ions than arterial blood.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 446
OBJ: 1
9. The slightly lower pH of venous blood is the result of its higher concentration of carbon
dioxide.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
10. Water turns carbon dioxide into carbonic anhydrase.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
11. Carbonic anhydrase turns water and carbon dioxide into carbonic acid.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
12. A buffer is a substance that prevents a sharp change in the pH of a solution when an acid or
base is added.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 447
13. Metabolic processes tend to produce more bases than acids.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
14. A common buffer pair is sodium bicarbonate and carbonic acid.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 447
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15. If the sodium bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of HCl, more
carbonic acid would be formed.
ANS: T
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2
16. If the sodium bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of HCl, sodium
chloride would be produced.
ANS: T
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2
17. If the sodium bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of HCl, more
sodium bicarbonate would be produced.
ANS: F
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2
18. When buffer systems buffer an acid, a strong acid is replaced with a weak acid.
ANS: T
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 448
OBJ: 2
19. If the sodium bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of NaOH, water
would be an end product.
ANS: T
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 448
OBJ: 2
20. If the sodium bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of NaOH, the
amount of carbonic acid would increase.
ANS: F
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 448
OBJ: 2
21. When a buffer system buffers a basic solution, the weak acid donates a hydrogen ion to
convert the hydroxide ion to water.
ANS: T
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 448
OBJ: 2
22. A “fixed” acid does not break down to form a gas.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 448
23. Lactic acid is an example of a “fixed” acid.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 448
24. Lactic acid is the most abundant acid in body fluids.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 449
25. Carbonic acid is the most abundant acid in body fluids.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 449
26. The carbon dioxide that is exhaled reduces the amount of carbonic acid in the blood.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 449
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control
OBJ: 3
27. A decreased breathing rate reduces the amount of carbonic acid removed and causes a rise in
the pH of the blood.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 449
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control
OBJ: 3
28. A decrease in breathing rate reduces the amount of carbonic acid removed and causes an
increase of hydrogen ions in the blood.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 449
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control
OBJ: 3
29. Hyperventilation can cause acidosis.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 450
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control
OBJ: 3
30. Hyperventilation would remove more carbonic acid than normal and would cause a decrease
in the hydrogen ion concentration.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 449
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control
OBJ: 3
31. Hyperventilation would remove more carbonic acid than normal and would cause a drop in
blood pH.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 449
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control
OBJ: 3
32. The lung is the most effective regulator of body pH.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
33. The kidney is the most effective regulator of body pH.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
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34. The kidneys are able to remove base from the body, whereas the lungs can remove only acid.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
35. In Bowman capsule, carbon dioxide and water join to become carbonic acid.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
36. When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions, it lowers the pH of the blood.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
OBJ: 3
37. When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions, it lowers the pH of the urine.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
OBJ: 3
38. When the kidney secretes a hydrogen ion, it absorbs a sodium ion.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
39. When the kidneys acidify the urine, they conserve sodium bicarbonate.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
40. In the kidney, an amino group accepts a hydrogen ion to form ammonia, which is excreted in
the urine.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 450
TOP: Acidification of urine by tubule secretion of ammonia
OBJ: 3
41. In the kidney, ammonia is exchanged for sodium bicarbonate.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 450
TOP: Acidification of urine by tubule secretion of ammonia
OBJ: 3
42. The amino group used by the kidney to help remove hydrogen ions is contributed by a fatty
acid molecule.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 450
TOP: Acidification of urine by tubule secretion of ammonia
OBJ: 3
43. To raise the pH of the blood, the kidneys lower the pH of the urine.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
OBJ: 3
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44. To raise the pH of the blood, the kidneys lower the hydrogen ion concentration of the urine.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
OBJ: 3
45. In acidosis, the pH of the blood drops.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH imbalance
REF: p. 450
46. In alkalosis, the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood rises.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH imbalance
REF: p. 450
47. The proper ratio of the buffer pair would be 20 times more carbonic acid than sodium
bicarbonate.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH imbalance
REF: p. 450
48. The proper ratio of the buffer pair would be 20 times more sodium bicarbonate than carbonic
acid.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH imbalance
REF: p. 450
49. Uncontrolled diabetes or prolonged diarrhea can lead to metabolic alkalosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
50. Bicarbonate deficit can lead to metabolic acidosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
51. Prolonged respiratory depression can lead to respiratory acidosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
52. Carbonic acid excess can lead to respiratory alkalosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
53. Overventilation of patients on ventilators can lead to respiratory alkalosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
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54. A possible risk of severe, prolonged vomiting is metabolic acidosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
55. When the ratio of the buffer pair falls below what it should be, uncompensated metabolic
acidosis can occur.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
56. Pure water with a pH of 7.0 would have neither hydrogen nor hydroxide ions.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1
57. The lungs remove just under 10 liters of carbonic acid from the venous blood each day.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
58. The buffer system works because weak acids dissociate much less than do strong acids.
ANS: T
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2
59. The end products of both aerobic and anaerobic catabolism of glucose can cause a drop in the
blood pH.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids | Buffers
OBJ: 2
60. Carbonic acid is a “fixed acid.”
ANS: F
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 448
OBJ: 2
61. Blood in the pulmonary artery has a higher pH than the blood in the pulmonary vein.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 449
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control
OBJ: 3
62. The kidneys can produce urine with a pH less than 5.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Urinary mechanism of pH control
REF: p. 450
63. In most cases, a person with acidosis does not have a blood pH lower than 7.0.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH imbalance
REF: p. 450
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64. If the blood pH of 7.1 caused a person’s death, the cause of the person’s death would be
acidosis.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: pH imbalance
REF: p. 450
OBJ: 4
65. Toxic chemicals, such as methanol, can cause respiratory acidosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
66. Emphysema or pneumonia can lead to respiratory acidosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
67. Proper control of the hydrogen ion concentration is important to the functioning of
hemoglobin.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 445
68. The pH of a solution is based on the exponent of the hydrogen ion concentration.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 445
69. More acids than bases are usually added to body fluids.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Buffers
REF: p. 447
70. When sodium bicarbonate buffers a strong acid, the hydrogen ion from the acid replaces the
carbon in the bicarbonate.
ANS: F
TOP: Buffers
DIF: Application
REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2
71. Gastric juice is the most acidic substance in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 446
72. A solution with a pH of 5.0 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of
3.0.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: pH of body fluids
REF: p. 446
73. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme found in red blood cells.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
74. Compensation can quickly counteract an abnormal shift in blood pH.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Compensation for pH imbalances
REF: p. 451
75. If the respiratory system does not compensate for a drop in pH resulting from a metabolic
condition, it results in a case of uncompensated metabolic alkalosis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Compensation for pH imbalances
REF: p. 451
MATCHING
Match each term with its definition or description.
a. Acid solution
b. Alkaline solution
c. Neutral solution
d. Buffer
e. Alkalosis
f. Acidosis
g. Metabolic acidosis
h. Respiratory acidosis
i. Respiratory alkalosis
j. Metabolic alkalosis
k. Carbonic anhydrase
l. pH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
General term that describes a condition of low blood pH
A solution that has a pH less than 7.0
A condition that results from a carbonic acid deficit
A condition that results from a bicarbonate deficit
A solution with a pH of 7.0
A condition that results from a bicarbonate excess
A general term that describes a condition of high blood pH
A solution with a pH greater than 7.0
Condition that results from carbonic acid excess
A substance that prevents a sharp change in pH
Scale that measures the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
Enzyme that combines water and carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
F
4
A
1
I
4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 450
TOP: pH imbalance
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 446
TOP: pH of body fluids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
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4. ANS: G
OBJ: 4
5. ANS: C
OBJ: 1
6. ANS: J
OBJ: 4
7. ANS: E
OBJ: 4
8. ANS: B
OBJ: 1
9. ANS: H
OBJ: 4
10. ANS: D
OBJ: 2
11. ANS: L
OBJ: 1
12. ANS: K
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 445
TOP: pH of body fluids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 450
TOP: pH imbalance
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 445
TOP: pH of body fluids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 445
TOP: pH of body fluids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
ESSAY
1. Explain the relationship between pH value and the hydrogen and hydroxide concentration in a
solution.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
2. Explain the reaction of the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair to an increase in
hydrogen ions.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffers
3. Explain the reaction of the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair to an increase in
hydroxide ions.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffers
4. What is the difference between a strong and a weak acid? What is a fixed acid? Give an
example of a “fixed” acid found in the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Application REF: p. 448
OBJ: 2
TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
5. What specifically is the cause of metabolic acidosis? What diseases or conditions can bring
this about?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
OBJ: 4
6. What specifically is the cause of metabolic alkalosis? What diseases or conditions can bring
this about?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
OBJ: 4
7. What specifically is the cause of respiratory acidosis? What diseases or conditions can bring
this about?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
OBJ: 4
8. What specifically causes respiratory alkalosis? What diseases or conditions can bring this
about?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 451
TOP: Metabolic and respiratory disturbances
OBJ: 4
9. If a person had a sudden influx of hydrogen ions into the blood, explain how the buffer
system, the lungs, and the kidneys would try to reestablish acid homeostasis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 449
OBJ: 3
TOP: Respiratory mechanisms of pH control | Urinary mechanism of pH control
10. Explain why compensation is a clinically important concept.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Memorization
TOP: Compensation for pH imbalances
REF: p. 451
OBJ: 5
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Chapter 21: Reproductive Systems
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The essential organ(s) of the male reproductive system is (are) the
a. spermatozoa
b. testes
c. penis
d. scrotum
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male reproductive system
REF: p. 460
2. The location of the testes allows them to
a. be maintained at a temperature about 1° C (3° F) below normal body temperature
b. be insured of an adequate blood supply
c. be maintained at a temperature about 1° C (3° F) above normal body temperature
d. both b and c above
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 461
3. The tough, whitish membrane surrounding the testes is called the
a. seminiferous tubules
b. interstitial cells
c. tunica albuginea
d. scrotum
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 461
4. Sperm cells develop in the
a. interstitial cells
b. tunic albuginea
c. prostate gland
d. seminiferous tubules
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 462
5. The primary spermatocyte
a. produces spermatogonium
b. contains 46 chromosomes
c. contains 23 chromosomes
d. both a and b above
ANS: B
TOP: Testes
DIF: Application
REF: p. 462
OBJ: 2
6. The spermatids
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a.
b.
c.
d.
are direct daughter cells of the spermatogonium
are direct daughter cells of the secondary spermatocytes
contain 23 chromosomes
both b and c above
ANS: D
TOP: Testes
DIF: Application
REF: p. 462
OBJ: 2
7. The acrosome of the sperm cell
a. contains enzymes that help break down the covering of the ovum
b. contains mitochondria
c. produces ATP for sperm cell mobility
d. is a whiplike structure that provides movement for the sperm
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 463
8. The midpiece of the sperm
a. supplies enzymes to break down the covering of the ovum
b. contains mitochondria
c. holds 23 chromosomes
d. is a whiplike structure that provides movement for the sperm
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 463
9. Which of the following is not a function of testosterone?
a. It is the masculinizing hormone.
b. It causes spermatogonia to undergo a unique kind of cell division at puberty.
c. It has a stimulating effect on protein synthesis.
d. It promotes and maintains the development of the male accessory organs.
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 463
10. The tube that leaves the scrotal sac and enters the abdominal cavity is the
a. epididymis
b. ductus deferens
c. ejaculatory duct
d. urethra
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
11. The tightly coiled tube that lies along the top and sides of the testes is the
a. epididymis
b. ductus deferens
c. ejaculatory duct
d. urethra
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
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12. The tube that carries sperm out of the body and is also part of the urinary system is the
a. epididymis
b. ductus deferens
c. ejaculatory duct
d. urethra
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
13. Seminal fluid
a. contains about 100,000 sperm per milliliter
b. is produced primarily by the seminiferous tubule
c. is slightly alkaline
d. both a and c above
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
14. The structure that produces a thin, milk-colored fluid that composes about 30% of the seminal
fluid volume is the
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
seminiferous tubules
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
15. The structure that produces a thick, yellowish fluid that contains fructose and composes about
60% of the seminal fluid volume is the
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
seminiferous tubules
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
16. The scrotum contains which of the following structures?
a. Testes
b. Prostate gland
c. Epididymis
d. Both a and c above
ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 4601-461
TOP: Male reproductive system—External genitals
17. The essential organ of the female reproductive system is the
a. uterus
b. ova
c. ovary
d. vagina
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ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
REF: pp. 466-467
18. After ovulation, the hormone-secreting remnant of the follicle is called the
a. corpus luteum
b. antrum
c. graafian follicle
d. granulosa cells
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
REF: p. 468
19. Oogenesis differs from spermatogenesis because in oogenesis
a. the end product is a cell that contains 46 chromosomes
b. the end product is a cell that contains 23 chromosomes
c. polar bodies are produced
d. none of the above
ANS: C
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Application
REF: p. 468
OBJ: 2
20. Which of the following is not true of estrogen?
a. It is produced by the granulosa cells around the oocytes.
b. It stimulates the proliferation of the epithelial lining of the uterus.
c. It stimulates the development and maturation of the female reproductive organs.
d. All of the above are true of estrogen.
ANS: D
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Application
REF: p. 468
OBJ: 3
21. Which of the following is not true of progesterone?
a. It is produced by the corpus luteum.
b. It stimulates the proliferation of the epithelial lining of the uterus.
c. It is produced by the granulosa cells around the oocyte.
d. None of the above are true of progesterone.
ANS: C
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Application
REF: p. 468
OBJ: 3
22. The fringelike structures on the funnel-shaped end of the oviduct are called
a. fallopian tubes
b. fimbriae
c. uterine tubes
d. uterine follicles
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
23. At ovulation, the ovum
a. enters the oviduct directly
b. is assisted into the oviduct by the fimbriae
c. enters the abdominal cavity first
d. both b and c above
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ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 467-468
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
24. Fertilization normally occurs in the
a. ovary
b. oviduct
c. uterus
d. vagina
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
25. The narrow lower portion of the uterus is called the
a. cervix
b. myometrium
c. body
d. fundus
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
26. The portion of the uterus that forms a bulging prominence above the entry point of the
oviducts is called the
cervix
myometrium
body
fundus
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
27. The muscle layer of the uterus is called the
a. cervix
b. myometrium
c. endometrium
d. fundus
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
28. The structure that lies on either side of the vaginal outlet and secretes a lubricating fluid is the
a. greater vestibular glands
b. clitoris
c. Bartholin’s glands
d. labia minora
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 471
TOP: Female reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
29. The lactiferous ducts
a. drain milk from the alveoli of the breasts
b. carry milk toward the nipple
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c. drain only one lobe of each breast
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 471
TOP: Female reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
30. The erectile tissue of the female external genitalia is the
a. vestibule
b. clitoris
c. labia majora
d. labia minora
ANS: B
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 473
TOP: Female reproductive system—External genitals
31. The part of the female reproductive cycle that involves passage of part of the inner lining of
the uterus and blood is
a. menses
b. the secretory phase
c. the proliferative phase
d. ovulation
ANS: A
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 474
32. The part of the female reproductive cycle that occurs when the egg is released from the
ovary is
menses
the secretory phase
the proliferative phase
ovulation
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
33. The part of the female reproductive cycle that begins at the end of menses and ends at
ovulation is
menarche
the secretory phase
the proliferative phase
menopause
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
34. The corpus luteum functions as an endocrine gland during part of the female reproductive
cycle called
menses
the secretory phase
the proliferative phase
menarche
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 475
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OBJ: 5
TOP: Menstrual cycle
35. The part of the female reproductive cycle that begins at ovulation and ends at the start of
menses is
menarche
the secretory phase
the proliferative phase
menopause
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
36. The part of the female reproductive cycle during which estrogen secretion reaches its highest
level is
menarche
the secretory phase
the proliferative phase
menopause
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
37. The part of the female reproductive cycle during which progesterone secretion reaches its
highest level is
menarche
menses
the proliferative phase
the secretory phase
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
38. The hormone that stimulates the development of the egg follicle in the ovary is
a. estrogen
b. LH
c. FSH
d. progesterone
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
39. The hormone that causes the formation of the corpus luteum and is also the ovulation
hormone is
estrogen
LH
FSH
progesterone
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
40. The hormones LH and FSH are produced by the
a. ovary
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b. corpus luteum
c. anterior pituitary gland
d. adrenal glands
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
41. When gametes unite, they form
a. an ova
b. a zygote
c. a spermatozoa
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 460
42. Which of the following does not describe accessory organs of the male reproductive system?
a. Produce spermatozoa
b. A series of ducts or passageways to carry sperm
c. External genitals
d. Glands that provide secretions to protect and nurture the sperm
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male reproductive system—Testes
REF: p. 460
43. Which of the following is not considered a reproductive duct of the male reproductive
system?
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminiferous tubule
Urethra
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 462
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
44. Which of the following structures is not part of the spermatic cord?
a. Epididymis
b. Nerves
c. Blood vessels
d. Vas deferens
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
45. The number of sperm cells ejaculated at one time is about
a. 100,000 to 200,000
b. 300 million to 500 million
c. 1 million to 3 million
d. 3 million to 5 million
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF: p. 465
OBJ: 2
TOP: Male reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
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46. The ejaculatory duct forms as a result of the joining of the
a. epididymis and the seminal vesicle duct
b. ductus deferens and the Cowper’s gland duct
c. ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle duct
d. epididymis and the Cowper’s gland duct
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ejaculatory duct and urethra
REF: p. 465
47. If estrogen in the female is the counterpart of testosterone in the male, then which part of the
ovary would be the counterpart of the interstitial cells of the testes?
Granulosa cells
Egg cell (ovum)
Corpus luteum
The antrum
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Application
REF: p. 467
OBJ: 3
48. The mucous membrane lining of the uterus is the
a. myometrium
b. endometrium
c. fundus
d. cervix
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Uterus
REF: p. 471
49. Which of the following can only be found in the female reproductive system?
a. Zygote
b. Gametes
c. Gonads
d. Both a and b are only found in the female reproductive system.
ANS: A
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Application
REF: p. 468
OBJ: 2
50. Which of the following is not part of the mature sperm cell?
a. Acrosome
b. Midpiece
c. Tail
d. All of the above are part of the mature sperm cell
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spermatozoa
REF: p. 463
51. The number of spermatids that come from one primary spermatocyte is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 463
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Spermatogenesis
52. About what percent of the primary follicles that a woman has at puberty will develop into
mature follicles?
About 1%
About 10%
About 50%
About 90%
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries—Structure and location
REF: p. 467
53. The number of functional gametes produced by one mature egg follicle is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Oogenesis
REF: p. 467
54. The sperm precursor or stem cell is called
a. primary spermatocyte
b. spermatogonia
c. secondary spermatocyte
d. spermatozoa
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testis functions
REF: p. 462
55. This structure in the testes secretes testosterone
a. tunica albuginea
b. seminiferous tubules
c. spermatogonia
d. interstitial cells
ANS: D
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes—Structure and location
REF: p. 462
56. This hormone stimulates spermatogonia to undergo a unique type of cell division
a. follicle-stimulating hormone
b. luteinizing hormone
c. testosterone
d. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testis functions
REF: p. 462
57. The correct sequence of structures that sperm pass through to exit the body is
a. ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, epididymis, urethra
b. ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra
c. epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
d. epididymis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
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ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive ducts
REF: p. 464
58. Sperm mature and develop their ability to move and swim in this structure
a. epididymis
b. seminiferous tubules
c. ductus deferens
d. ejaculatory duct
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Reproductive ducts
REF: p. 464
59. This gland is also called Cowper’s gland and secretes a substance that lubricates the urethra
and neutralizes any remaining acidic urine
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands
prostate gland
epididymis
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 465-466
TOP: Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
60. Which of the following is not true of the penis?
a. It is part of the external genitalia.
b. It deposits sperm in the vagina during intercourse.
c. It has two columns of corpora spongiosum, which surrounds the urethra.
d. All of the above are true of the penis.
ANS: C
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: External genitals
REF: p. 466
61. As a girl goes from being a newborn to puberty
a. the number of ovarian follicles about doubles
b. less than half of the ovarian follicles become primary follicles
c. most of the primary follicles have become ovarian follicles
d. most of the primary follicles have become mature follicles
ANS: B
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries—Structure and location
REF: p. 467
62. The name for the tube that carries the ovum to the uterus after ovulation is
a. the uterine tubes
b. the fallopian tubes
c. the oviducts
d. all of the above are names for the tube that carries the ovum to the uterus
ANS: D
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Uterine tubes
REF: p. 470
63. Which of the following is not part of the female external genitalia?
a. Urethra
b. Clitoris
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c. Labia minora
d. All of the above are part of the female external genitalia
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: External genitals
REF: p. 473
64. This structure is the target organ for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
a. the hypothalamus
b. the uterus
c. the anterior pituitary gland
d. the ovaries
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
TRUE/FALSE
1. The specialized cells used in sexual reproduction are called gametes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 459
2. The essential organ of the male reproductive system is the penis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male reproductive system
REF: p. 460
3. The testes require a slightly higher temperature than normal body temperature to function
properly.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 461
4. The testes require a slightly lower temperature than normal body temperature to function
properly.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 461
5. The tough, whitish membrane surrounding the testes is called the tunica adventitia.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 461
6. Testosterone is produced by the seminiferous tubules.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 462
7. Sperm develop in the walls of the seminiferous tubules.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 462
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OBJ: 2
TOP: Testes
8. The primary spermatocyte contains only 23 chromosomes.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 462
9. The spermatozoa contain only 23 chromosomes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 462
10. Both the male and female gametes contain only 23 chromosomes.
ANS: T
TOP: Testes
DIF: Application
REF: p. 463
OBJ: 2
11. The acrosome is a special structure in the sperm cell that contains mitochondria for energy
production.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 463
12. One of the functions of testosterone is the stimulation of protein anabolism.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 463
13. The midpiece is a part of the sperm cell that supplies ATP so the sperm has the energy to
swim.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 463
14. The epididymis is a tube that permits sperm to pass from the scrotal sac into the abdominal
cavity.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 463
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
15. The ductus deferens is a tightly coiled tube that lies along the top and behind the testes in the
scrotum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 463
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
16. Sperm mature and develop their ability to swim as they pass through the epididymis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
17. The urethra carries sperm to the outside and is also part of the urinary system.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male reproductive system
REF: p. 465
18. The bulbourethral gland produces a thick, yellowish fluid that makes up about 60% of the
seminal fluid.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
19. The prostate gland produces a thin, milk-colored fluid that makes up about 30% of the
seminal fluid.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
20. The seminal vesicles supply fructose for the seminal fluid to provide a source of energy for
the sperm cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
21. Seminal fluid is slightly acidic to protect the sperm from the alkaline condition of the female
reproductive tract.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
22. The penis contains two separate columns of erectile tissue: one corpus spongiosum and one
corpus cavernosa.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 466
TOP: Male reproductive system—External genitals
23. The scrotum contains the testes, epididymis, the lower part of the ductus deferens, and the
beginning of the spermatic cords.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 464-465
TOP: Male reproductive system—External genitals
24. The female gonads are the ovaries.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
REF: p. 466
25. In the female, the gonads produce ova.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Female reproductive system
REF: pp. 466-467
OBJ: 2
26. A newborn girl has more ovarian follicles than a girl at puberty.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
REF: p. 467
27. Almost all the primary follicles a girl has at puberty will develop into mature follicles.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
REF: p. 467
28. Each follicle has a layer of cells around it called the antrum.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
REF: p. 467
29. The part of the follicle that remains in the ovary after ovulation is called the corpus luteum.
ANS: T
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Application
REF: p. 468
OBJ: 1
30. The ova that results from oogenesis contains 23 chromosomes.
ANS: T
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Application
REF: p. 468
OBJ: 2
31. The cytoplasm of the ovum is divided equally with the polar bodies.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
REF: p. 468
32. One of the functions of the polar bodies is to assist the ovum in its development in the follicle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
REF: p. 468
33. The ovum is larger than the sperm because the ovum must supply all the nutrients for the
developing embryo until it gets to the uterus.
ANS: T
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Application
REF: p. 468
OBJ: 2
34. Estrogen is secreted by the granulosa cell that surrounds the oocyte.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
REF: p. 468
35. One of the functions of estrogen is the initiation of the first menstrual cycle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
REF: p. 468
36. The oviducts are connected to the ovaries at one end and the uterus at the other end.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
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37. Fimbriae help move the egg cell into the oviduct.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
38. Because the lining of the oviducts is continuous with the uterus and vagina, it allows
infections to spread from the reproductive tract to the abdominal cavity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
39. The narrow, lower part of the uterus is called the body.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
40. The rounded part of the uterus above the entry point of the oviducts is called the cervix.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 470
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
41. The uterus functions in three processes: menstruation, pregnancy, and labor.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 470-471
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
42. The vagina both receives sperm cells and is the last structure the baby passes through at birth.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 471
TOP: Female reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
43. The amount of milk produced by the breast is directly related to the size of the breast.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 471
TOP: Female reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
44. The lactiferous ducts drain the alveoli of the breasts and move the milk toward the nipple.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 471
TOP: Female reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
45. The greater vestibular glands lie on either side of the vaginal outlet and secrete a lubricating
fluid.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 473
TOP: Female reproductive system—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
46. The erectile tissue in the female external genitalia is the mons pubis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: External genitals
REF: p. 473
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47. The first menses is referred to as menarche.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 473
48. The secretory phase is the part of the female reproductive cycle from ovulation to the
beginning of menses.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 473
49. The blood level of estrogen is at its highest during the secretory phase of the female
reproductive cycle.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 474
50. The proliferative phase is the part of the female reproductive cycle from the end of menses to
ovulation.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
51. The corpus luteum functions as an endocrine gland during the proliferative phase of the
female reproductive cycle.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Ovary functions
REF: p. 468
OBJ: 2
52. The release of an egg by an egg follicle is called ovulation.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
53. Ovulation always occurs 14 days after the end of menses.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 473
54. The length of the reproductive cycle varies because the time between the end of menses and
ovulation varies.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 473
OBJ: 5
55. Progesterone stimulates proliferation and vascularization of the epithelial lining of the uterus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovary functions
REF: p. 468
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56. LH stimulates the development of several immature ovarian follicles and is responsible for the
release of estrogen.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
57. Although LH is called the ovulation hormone, without FSH there would be nothing to ovulate.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 475
OBJ: 5
58. Creatures that do not produce gametes are said to reproduce asexually.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 459
59. Both the ovum and sperm are considered gametes.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 460
60. One of the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction is the number of parents that
an offspring has.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Application
REF: p. 459
OBJ: 1
61. One function of the sex hormones is to stimulate the development of the secondary sex
characteristics.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 460
TOP: Common structural and functional characteristics between the sexes
62. When the tunica adventitia enters the testicle it is called the seminiferous tubule.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 461
63. The bulk of the testes is made up of interstitial cells that produce testosterone.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testes
REF: p. 462
64. Sperm precursors or stem cells are called spermatogonia.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testis functions
REF: p. 462
65. Under the influence of FSH, the spermatogonium divides to form two primary spermatocytes.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testis functions
REF: p. 462
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66. The end result of spermatogenesis is the formation of four cells, each containing 23
chromosomes.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Testis functions
REF: p. 462
OBJ: 2
67. As spermatogenesis takes place, each cell division moves the sperm closer to the exterior wall
of the seminiferous tubule.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testis functions
REF: p. 462
68. The epididymis is a tightly coiled tube attached to the testes and is about 6 feet long.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 464
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
69. The epididymis makes up part of the spermatic cord.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 464
TOP: Male reproductive system—Reproductive ducts
70. Only about 1% of the primary follicles in the ovary develop into a mature follicle.
ANS: F
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Application
REF: p. 467
OBJ: 1
71. A graafian follicle is another name for a mature ovum and its surrounding sac.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
REF: p. 467
72. Oogenesis has a similar function to spermatogenesis, the formation of a gamete.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovary functions
REF: p. 468
73. The day that the egg leaves the ovary (ovulation) is considered the first day of the menstrual
cycle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 474
74. When a sperm fertilizes an egg, a zygote is formed.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 460
75. The structure connecting the testes to the prostate gland is called the seminiferous tubule.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 461
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OBJ: 1
TOP: Testes
76. A circumcision is the surgical removal of the glands.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 466
TOP: Male reproductive system—External genitals
77. The terms uterine tubes, fallopian tubes, and oviducts refer to the same structure.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive ducts
REF: p. 470
78. Both LH and FSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of menstrual cycle changes
REF: p. 475
79. The spermatozoa is one of the smallest and most highly specialized cells in the body.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Testis functions
REF: p. 462
80. From their exit from the testis to being passed out of the body, the sperm go through these
structures in this order: ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, and urethra.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male—Reproductive ducts
REF: p. 464
81. Because the urethra is part of both the reproductive and the urinary system, the male
reproductive system is sometimes called the urogenital system.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male reproductive system
REF: p. 465
82. The ejaculatory duct is formed by the joining of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the
ductus deferens.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male—Reproductive ducts
REF: p. 465
83. The prostate gland is also called Cowper’s gland.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
84. The bulbourethral gland secretions have two functions: to neutralize any residual acidic urine
in the urethra and to lubricate the urethra.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 465
TOP: Male—Accessory, or supportive, sex glands
85. The penis and scrotum constitute the external genitalia of the male.
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ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: External genitals
REF: p. 466
86. The corpus luteum produces estrogen for about 11 days following ovulation.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovary functions
REF: p. 468
87. Fertilization usually occurs in the uterus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female—Reproductive ducts
REF: p. 470
88. The muscle layer of the uterus is called the myometrium.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female—Reproductive ducts
REF: p. 470
89. Milk-secreting cells in the breast are arranged in grapelike clusters called areola.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 471
TOP: Female—Accessory, or supportive, glands
90. Another term for the female external genitals is the mons pubis.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female—External genitals
REF: p. 473
91. The area between the anus and the vaginal opening is called the perineum.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female—External genitals
REF: p. 473
92. A woman is fertile only about 14 days out of the 28-day menstrual cycle.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Menstrual cycle
REF: p. 474
MATCHING
Match each term with its definition or description.
a. Testes
b. Seminiferous tubules
c. Interstitial cells
d. Epididymis
e. Ductus deferens
f. Urethra
g. Seminal vesicles
h. Prostate gland
i. Corpora cavernosa
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j.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Corpus spongiosum
A tightly coiled tube that lies on the top of and behind the testes
Produces 60% of the seminal fluid and supplies the sperm with fructose
Essential organ of the male reproductive system
Carries sperm and allows them to pass out of the scrotum and into the abdominal cavity
The penis contains one of this type of erectile tissue
Structures responsible for the secretion of testosterone
Produces a thin, milk-colored fluid that composes 30% of the seminal fluid
Tube in which sperm cells develop
The penis contains two of this type of erectile tissue
Tube that leads sperm to the outside; also part of the urinary system
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
D
1
G
1
A
1
E
1
J
4
C
3
H
1
B
1
I
4
F
4
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Testes
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Male reproductive system
REF: p. 464
REF: p. 465
REF: p. 460
REF: p. 465
REF: p. 466
REF: p. 462
REF: p. 465
REF: p. 462
REF: p. 466
REF: p. 465
Match each term with its definition or description.
a. Ovary
b. Oviduct
c. Fimbriae
d. Cervix
e. Fundus
f. Myometrium
g. Vagina
h. Greater vestibular glands
i. Lactiferous ducts
j. Clitoris
k. Spermatogenesis
l. Primary spermatocyte
m. Sperm
n. Gonads
o. Oogenesis
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p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Ova
Polar bodies
Endometrium
Zygote
Spermatogonia
Fringelike projection on the funnel-shaped end of the oviduct
The lower, narrow part of the uterus
Produces a mucuslike lubricating fluid near the outlet of the vagina
Essential organ of the female reproductive system
Opening of the female reproductive system to the outside; it receives sperm
Drains milk from the alveoli of the breasts
Tube that carries the egg from the ovary to the uterus
Part of the uterus that lies above the entry point of the oviducts
Structure containing erectile tissue in the female external genitalia
Muscle layer of the uterus
Male gamete
Female gamete
Formed as a result of fertilization
Name given to the essential organs of the male and female reproductive system
Process of sperm production
Precursor or stem cell for the production of sperm
Cell that undergoes meiosis to form spermatids
Process of egg production
Produced during oogenesis but do not develop and eventually degenerate
Lines the interior of the uterus
11. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
OBJ: 1
TOP: Female reproductive system
DIF: Memorization
12. ANS: D
TOP: Female reproductive system
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
13. ANS: H
OBJ: 1
TOP: Female reproductive system
14. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
OBJ: 1
TOP: Female reproductive system
15. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
16. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization
OBJ: 1
TOP: Female reproductive system
DIF: Memorization
17. ANS: B
OBJ: 1
TOP: Female reproductive system
DIF: Memorization
18. ANS: E
OBJ: 1
TOP: Female reproductive system
19. ANS: J
DIF: Memorization
OBJ: 4
TOP: Female reproductive system
20. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
OBJ: 1
TOP: Female reproductive system
21. ANS: M
DIF: Memorization
OBJ: 2
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 470
REF: p. 470
REF: p. 471
REF: p. 468
REF: p. 471
REF: p. 471
REF: p. 470
REF: p. 470
REF: p. 473
REF: p. 470
REF: p. 462
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22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
27.
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
P
1
S
1
N
1
K
2
T
2
L
2
O
2
Q
2
R
1
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Introduction
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Spermatogenesis
Memorization
Spermatogenesis
Memorization
Spermatogenesis
Memorization
Oogenesis
Memorization
Oogenesis
Memorization
Uterus
REF: p. 460
REF: p. 460
REF: p. 460
REF: p. 462
REF: p. 462
REF: p. 462
REF: p. 468
REF: p. 468
REF: p. 470
Match each term with its definition or description.
Menses
Secretory phase
Ovulation
Proliferative phase
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
FSH
LH
Menarche
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Male sex hormone
Part of the female reproductive cycle from the end of menses to ovulation
Term for the first menses
Pituitary hormone that stimulates the development of an egg follicle
Release of the egg by the egg follicle
Hormone released by the corpus luteum
Ovulating hormone
Term for menstrual flow
Hormone that is released by the ovary and reaches its highest concentration during the
proliferative phase of the female reproductive cycle
40. Part of the female reproductive cycle that begins at ovulation and ends at the beginning of
menses
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
G
3
D
5
J
5
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Male reproductive system
Memorization
Female reproductive system
Memorization
Female reproductive system
REF: p. 463
REF: p. 475
REF: p. 475
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34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
39.
OBJ:
40. ANS:
OBJ:
H
3
C
2
F
3
I
3
A
5
E
3
B
5
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Memorization
Female reproductive system
Memorization
Female reproductive system
Memorization
Female reproductive system
Memorization
Female reproductive system
Memorization
Female reproductive system
Memorization
Female reproductive system
Memorization
Female reproductive system
REF: p. 475
REF: p. 476
REF: p. 468
REF: p. 475
REF: p. 473
REF: p. 468
REF: p. 474
ESSAY
1. Explain the structure of the testes. Include the function of the seminiferous tubules and the
interstitial cells.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 460-462
OBJ: 1
TOP: Male reproductive system
2. Explain the process of spermatogenesis. Why must sperm cells have only 23 chromosomes?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 462-463
OBJ: 2
TOP: Male reproductive system
3. Describe the structure of the sperm cell. How does its structure relate to its function?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 463
OBJ: 2
TOP: Male reproductive system
4. List the general functions of testosterone.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male reproductive system
REF: p. 463
OBJ: 3
5. Describe the epididymis, ductus deferens, and ejaculatory duct.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
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DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male reproductive system
REF: pp. 464-465
OBJ: 1
6. Describe the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral gland. What is the
contribution of each to seminal fluid?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Male reproductive system
REF: p. 465
OBJ: 1
7. Describe the development of an egg follicle from a primary follicle to ovulation.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
REF: pp. 467-468
OBJ: 2
8. Explain the process of oogenesis and describe the resulting ovum. What is the function of the
polar bodies?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 468
OBJ: 2
TOP: Female reproductive system
9. Describe the structure of the uterine tubes. What part of the structure helps it accomplish its
function?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 470
OBJ: 1
TOP: Female reproductive system
REF: pp. 470-471
OBJ: 1
REF: pp. 471-472
OBJ: 1
10. Describe the structure of the uterus.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
11. Describe the structure of the breasts.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
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12. When is the proliferative phase of the female reproductive cycle? What occurs during this
phase?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
REF: p. 475
OBJ: 5
13. When does the secretory phase of the female reproductive cycle occur? What happens during
this phase?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
REF: p. 475
OBJ: 5
14. Explain the source and function of FSH and LH. Why is it appropriate that both hormones
could be called the ovulating hormone?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 475
OBJ: 3
TOP: Female reproductive system
15. The release of FSH is regulated by a negative feedback loop based on the functioning of the
ovaries. Would the blood level of FSH be high or low following menopause? Explain your
answer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 475
OBJ: 3
TOP: Female reproductive system
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Chapter 22: Growth and Development
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Fertilization usually occurs in the
a. ovary
b. uterus
c. oviduct
d. vagina
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
2. The fertilized egg is called
a. a zygote
b. an ovum
c. a morula
d. a blastocyst
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
3. After about 3 days, the fertilized egg becomes a mass of cells called a
a. zygote
b. morula
c. blastocyst
d. fetus
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
4. By the time the fertilized egg reaches the uterus, it is a hollow ball of cells called a
a. zygote
b. morula
c. blastocyst
d. fetus
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
5. The structure that anchors the developing fetus and acts as a bridge between mother and baby
is the
yolk sac
amnion
uterus
placenta
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 487
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6. The placenta functions as a
a. respiratory organ
b. excretory organ
c. endocrine organ
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 488
7. The kidney ducts, bladder, thyroid gland, and tonsils all develop from the primary germ layer
called the
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
none of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: C
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
REF: p. 490
8. The circulatory system, gonads, and muscles develop from the primary germ layer called the
a. ectoderm
b. mesoderm
c. endoderm
d. none of the above
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
REF: p. 490
9. The brain, spinal cord, and lens and cornea of the eye develop from the primary germ layer
called the
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
none of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: A
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
REF: p. 490
10. The development of tissues is called
a. organogenesis
b. histogenesis
c. oogenesis
d. speciation
ANS: B
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Histogenesis and organogenesis
REF: p. 489
11. Stage 3 of labor ends with the
a. delivery of the baby
b. dilation of the cervix
c. rupture of the amniotic sac
d. expulsion of the placenta from the uterus
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ANS: D
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 491
12. Infancy
a. begins at birth
b. ends at about 18 months
c. includes the neonatal period
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 495
13. The baby’s first breath is stimulated primarily by
a. the lack of oxygen in the blood
b. the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood
c. exposure to the “cold” temperatures outside the uterus
d. the rigors of the birth process
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 495
OBJ: 5
14. The full closure of bone growth plates occurs during
a. late childhood
b. early adolescence
c. late adolescence
d. early adulthood
ANS: D
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 496
15. Lipping
a. is a skin condition caused by aging
b. is a degenerative joint disease
c. is when bones develop indistinct and shaggy-appearing margins
d. none of the above
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
16. As the urinary system ages
a. the number of nephrons decreases
b. the blood flow to the kidney is reduced
c. the muscles of the bladder begin to atrophy
d. all of the above
ANS: D
OBJ: 6
17.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 498
As the respiratory system ages
the costal cartilages harden
a condition called “barrel chest” develops
the strength of inspiratory and expiratory muscles decreases
all of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
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ANS: D
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 498
18. Calcification or “hardening” of the arteries is called
a. atherosclerosis
b. arteriosclerosis
c. myocardial infarction
d. hypertension
ANS: B
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 498
19. An increase in the pressure inside the eyeball is called
a. a cataract
b. presbyopia
c. glaucoma
d. hypertension
ANS: C
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
20. The condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy is called
a. a cataract
b. presbyopia
c. glaucoma
d. pink eye
ANS: A
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
21. The primary job of the amniotic cavity during pregnancy is
a. protection
b. anchoring the fetus to the uterus
c. providing a bridge for the exchange of materials between mother and fetus
d. production of blood cells for the developing fetus
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
REF: p. 487
22. The term embryo is used
a. after the first 8 weeks of pregnancy
b. after the blastocyst has implanted in the uterine wall
c. during the entire pregnancy
d. from fertilization to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy
ANS: D
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Periods of development
REF: p. 488
23. The term fetus is used
a. after the first 8 weeks of pregnancy
b. after the blastocyst has implanted in the uterine wall
c. during the entire pregnancy
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d. from fertilization to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy
ANS: A
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Periods of development
REF: p. 488
24. If a birth defect were said to be caused by a teratogen, it was caused by
a. an abnormal gene
b. an environmental factor
c. an unusual number of chromosomes
d. both a and c above
ANS: B
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth defects
REF: p. 490
25. Which of the following developmental periods is the shortest?
a. Embryo stage
b. Fetus stage
c. Neonatal stage
d. Infancy stage
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 493
TOP: Periods of development | Postnatal period
OBJ: 5
26. Which of the following developmental periods is the longest?
a. Embryo stage
b. Fetus stage
c. Neonatal stage
d. Infancy stage
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF: p. 493
TOP: Periods of development | Postnatal period
OBJ: 5
27. The function of the yolk sac in humans is the following.
a. It supplies food to the morula and blastocyst until it reaches the uterus.
b. It helps in the production of blood cells.
c. It assists in attracting sperm cells to the ovum.
d. It has no function in humans but is an evolutionary remnant.
ANS: C
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
REF: p. 487
28.28.The longest stage of labor is usually
a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3
d. stage 4
ANS: A
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 492
29. Which of the following is not true as we move from infancy to adulthood?
a. The legs become proportionately longer.
b. The trunk becomes proportionately shorter.
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c. The head becomes proportionately larger.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: C
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 493
30. The prenatal period begins at
a. birth and continues until death
b. conception and continues until death
c. conception and ends at birth
d. birth and ends during the older adulthood stage
ANS: C
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 485
TRUE/FALSE
1. The science of the development of an individual before birth is called neonatology.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
2. Fertilization most often occurs in the outer one third of the oviduct.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
3. The fertilized egg is called a morula.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
4. The new individual becomes genetically complete during the blastocyst stage.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
OBJ: 2
5. The blastocyst, which is a hollow ball of cells, is formed by the time the fertilized egg reaches
the uterus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
6. The correct sequence of development is zygote, blastocyst, and morula.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
7. The energy needed for the early development of the zygote is supplied by the ovum that was
fertilized.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 486
OBJ: 2
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TOP: Prenatal period
8. The yolk sac is an important food supply for the growing fetus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 487
9. In humans, one function of the yolk sac is to assist in the production of blood cells.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 487
10. The amnion is the bridge between the mother and baby wherein food and oxygen are
exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste products.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 488
11. The placenta serves as a structural anchor for the baby, and it also serves as an endocrine
organ.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 488
12. Substances such as alcohol and the German measles virus can pass through the placental
barrier and cause injury or developmental defects in the fetus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 488
13. For the first 8 weeks, the developing fertilized egg is called a zygote.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 488
14. For the first 8 weeks, the developing fertilized egg is called a fetus.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 488
15. From week 9 to week 39, the developing baby is called a fetus.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Periods of development
REF: p. 488
16. By about day 35 of gestation, the heart is beating.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Periods of development
REF: p. 488
17. By the eighth week of gestation, all organ systems are complete and in place.
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ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Periods of development
REF: p. 489
18. The lining of the lungs and the lining of the gastrointestinal tract develop from the mesoderm.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
REF: p. 490
19. The brain and spinal cord develop from the ectoderm.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
REF: p. 490
20. The dermis of the skin and the circulatory system develop from the mesoderm.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
REF: p. 490
21. The thymus gland and the thyroid gland develop from the same primary germ layer.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
REF: p. 490
OBJ: 3
22. Tooth enamel and the dermis of the skin develop from the same primary germ layer.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
REF: p. 490
OBJ: 3
23. The circulatory system and the muscles develop from the same primary germ layer.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
REF: p. 490
OBJ: 3
24. Histogenesis is the development of different types of tissues.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Histogenesis and organogenesis
REF: p. 489
25. Organogenesis must precede histogenesis.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Histogenesis and organogenesis
REF: p. 489
OBJ: 3
26. The normal gestation period for a human baby is about 280 days.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Histogenesis and organogenesis
REF: p. 490
27. Parturition is another term for fertilization.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 491
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28. Stage 1 of labor is the period from onset of uterine contractions until dilation of the cervix is
complete.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 491
29. The final stage of labor ends when the baby exits through the vagina.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 491
30. The rupture of the amniotic membrane and the loss of amniotic fluid occur during the second
stage of labor.
ANS: F
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 492
31. The process of the expulsion of the placenta through the vagina ends labor.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 492
32. Stage 1 of labor can last several times longer than either stage 2 or stage 3.
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 492
33. The proportion of the head to the rest of the body is greater in an infant than in an adult.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 493
34. The proportion of the face to the skull is greater in an infant than in an adult.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 493
35. The neonatal period is considered to be the first 12 weeks of life.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 493
36. The baby’s first breath is stimulated primarily by the lack of oxygen in the blood.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 495
37. The baby’s first breath is stimulated primarily by an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 495
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38. When a baby is born, it has only one spinal curve, adults have two.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 495
39. Childhood extends from infancy to sexual maturity.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 495
40. Both the deciduous teeth and the permanent teeth develop during childhood, deciduous at the
beginning of childhood and the permanent teeth at the end.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 496
41. Many of the changes that occur during adolescence are controlled by the secretion of sex
hormones.
ANS: T
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 496
42. Osteoporosis is a degenerative joint disease of old age.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
43. About 25% of the nephrons of the kidney stop functioning between the ages of 30 and 75.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 498
44. Hypertension is another term for high blood pressure.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
45. Atherosclerosis is sometimes called hardening of the arteries.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
46. Arteriosclerosis is sometimes called hardening of the arteries.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
47. Fatty deposits that build up in the blood vessels can develop into a condition called
atherosclerosis.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
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48. A cataract is caused by pressure building up inside the eyeball.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
49. The clouding of the lens of the eye is called a cataract.
ANS: T
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
50. Glasses can successfully treat glaucoma.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
OBJ: 6
51. Glasses can successfully treat presbyopia.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
OBJ: 6
52. The actual day of birth marks the end of the prenatal period.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 485
53. The prenatal period of life usually starts in the oviduct.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
OBJ: 2
54. The blastocyst has about three times the mass of the zygote.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prenatal period
REF: p. 486
55. Although the function of the placenta is to act as a barrier between the mother and fetus,
substances such as alcohol can cross the barrier.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
REF: p. 488
56. The morula stage precedes the embryonic stage.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Periods of development
REF: p. 488
57. By the end of the first trimester, the gender of the baby can be identified.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Periods of development
REF: p. 489
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58. The primary germ layers develop during the second trimester of pregnancy.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 489
TOP: Formation of the primary germ layers
59. Exposure to a teratogen is most dangerous to the embryo during the morula stage.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth defects
REF: p. 490
60. Teratogens can include x rays and alcohol.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth defects
REF: p. 490
61. One of the first signs of labor is the rupture of the “bag of waters.”
ANS: T
OBJ: 4
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 491
62. The birth weight of a baby usually triples by age 4 months.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Postnatal period
REF: p. 495
63. Boys start and finish their early-teen growth spurt earlier than girls.
ANS: F
OBJ: 5
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adolescence and adulthood
REF: p. 496
64. In older adulthood, the costal cartilage begins to soften, leading to a condition called “barrel
chest.”
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
65. The prenatal period is the time before birth.
ANS: T
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 484
66. After ovulation, the egg discharged by the ovary first enters the fimbriae of the oviduct.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
REF: p. 486
67. The placenta is composed of tissue from both the mother and child.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
REF: p. 487
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68. Because all structures develop from them, the morula and blastocyst are called the primary
germ layers.
ANS: F
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 489
TOP: Formation of the primary germ layers
69. The terms conception and fertilization refer to the same thing.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
REF: p. 486
70. When the yolk sac fills with fluid, it is referred to as the “bag of waters.”
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
REF: p. 487
71. The blood of the fetus mixes with the blood of the mother in the chorionic villi.
ANS: F
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
REF: p. 488
72. Pregnancy is also called the gestation period.
ANS: T
OBJ: 2
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Periods of development
REF: p. 488
73. There are three primary germ layers.
ANS: T
OBJ: 3
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 489
TOP: Formation of the primary germ layers
74. Unlike the senses of sight and hearing, the senses of taste and smell become more sensitive as
we age.
ANS: F
OBJ: 6
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
75. The postnatal period begins at conception and ends at birth.
ANS: F
OBJ: 1
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 485
MATCHING
Match each term with its definition or description.
Zygote
Morula
Blastocyst
Placenta
Fetus
Embryo
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
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https://studentmagic.indiemade.com/
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Histogenesis
Amniotic cavity
Implantation
Organogenesis
Fertilization
Yolk sac
Connecting “bridge” between mother and baby
Term used to describe the developing baby during the first 8 weeks
Term used for the fertilized egg
Term used to describe the development of tissues
Term used to describe the developing baby from week 9 to week 39
Term for the solid mass of cells formed by the fertilized egg about three days after fertilization
Primary germ layer that forms the lining of the gastrointestinal tract
Term for the hollow ball of cells the fertilized egg has formed by the time it reaches the uterus
Primary germ layer that forms the brain and spinal cord
Primary germ layer that forms muscles
Moment when the ova and sperm unite
Embedding of the blastocyst into the uterine wall
Source of nutrients in birds, but produces blood cells in humans
Fluid-filled shock-absorbing sac sometimes called the bag of waters
Process by which tissues arrange themselves into organs
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
D
2
F
2
A
2
J
3
E
2
B
2
I
3
C
2
G
3
H
3
N
2
L
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
Fertilization and implantation
Memorization
Periods of development
Memorization
Periods of development
Memorization
Histogenesis and organogenesis
Memorization
Periods of development
Memorization
Fertilization and implantation
Memorization
Primary germ layer derivatives
Memorization
Fertilization and implantation
Memorization
Primary germ layer derivatives
Memorization
Primary germ layer derivatives
Memorization
Prenatal period
Memorization
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 488
REF: p. 488
REF: p. 489
REF: p. 488
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 490
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 490
REF: p. 490
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 486
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OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
2
O
2
K
2
M
3
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
Fertilization and implantation
Memorization
Fertilization and implantation
Memorization
Fertilization and implantation
Memorization
Histogenesis and organogenesis
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 489
Match each term with its definition or description.
Parturition
Neonatal period
Senescence
Osteoarthritis
Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
Hypertension
Presbyopia
Cataract
Glaucoma
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Degenerative joint disease
Term that refers to high blood pressure
Another term for birth
Term that refers to “hardening” of the arteries
An increase of pressure inside the eyeball
Term used to describe the first 4 weeks of infancy
A clouding of the lens of the eye
Another term for older adulthood
Term that means “old eye”
Development of fatty deposits in a blood vessel
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
D
6
G
6
A
4
F
6
J
6
B
5
I
6
C
5
H
6
E
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
Effects of aging
Memorization
Effects of aging
Memorization
Birth, or parturition
Memorization
Effects of aging
Memorization
Effects of aging
Memorization
Postnatal period
Memorization
Effects of aging
Memorization
Older adulthood
Memorization
Effects of aging
Memorization
REF: p. 497
REF: p. 497
REF: p. 491
REF: p. 497
REF: p. 497
REF: p. 495
REF: p. 497
REF: p. 496
REF: p. 497
REF: p. 497
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OBJ: 6
TOP: Effects of aging
ESSAY
1. Describe the sequence of events from the formation of a zygote to the blastocyst stage.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 486
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
OBJ: 2
2. Explain the function of the yolk sac, amnion, placenta, and chorion.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
REF: p. 487
OBJ: 2
3. Evaluate the effectiveness of the placenta as a barrier between the mother and baby.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 488
TOP: Fertilization and implantation
OBJ: 2
4. List the three primary germ layers, and list three structures in the body that develop from each
layer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 490
TOP: Primary germ layer derivatives
OBJ: 3
5. Define histogenesis and organogenesis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Histogenesis and organogenesis
REF: p. 489
OBJ: 3
6. Describe what occurs in each of the three stages of labor.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Birth, or parturition
REF: p. 491
OBJ: 4
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7. Describe the changes that occur during infancy.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Infancy
REF: p. 495
OBJ: 5
8. What changes occur during childhood? When does childhood start and end?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Childhood
REF: p. 496
OBJ: 5
9. What are the effects of aging on the urinary system?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 498
OBJ: 6
10. What are the effects of aging on the cardiovascular system?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
OBJ: 6
11. What are the effects of aging on the sensory system?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Effects of aging
REF: p. 497
OBJ: 6
12. Name the periods of development in order, and explain the changes in the developing baby at
each period.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Periods of development
REF: p. 488
OBJ: 2
13. Explain the concept of development as a biological process characterized by continuous
modification and change.
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Stuvia.com - The
r arketplace
ketplace to
Stuvia.com
The MaM
to B uyuy
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ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 485
OBJ: 1
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@ggmmaaili.lc.coomm
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TOP: Introduction