Famous writers of Victorian age Fergana state university Faculty: Foreign language Student: Tojiboyev Zuhriddin Group: 20.123C The Victorian age literature Victorian literature. Victorian literature refers to English literature during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901). The 19th century is considered by some to be the Golden Age of English Literature, especially for British novels. It was in the Victorian era that the novel became the leading literary genre in English. English writing from this era reflects the major transformations in most aspects of English life, from scientific, economic, and technological advances to changes in class structures and the role of religion in society. Queen Victoria (Photograph by Alexander Bassano, 1882) reign: 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901 The Victorian literature is a connection between the romantic period and the literature of the 20th century. The Victorian era literature is distinguished by a strong sense of morality and is frequently associated with subjugation. Victorian literature is also known for its efforts to merge imagination and emotion for the convenience of art for ordinary people. While the Romantic period was a time of abstract expression and inward focus, essayists, poets, and novelists during the Victorian age began to direct their attention towards social issues. Writers such as Thomas Carlyle called attention to the dehumanizing effects of the Industrial Revolution and what Carlyle called the "Mechanical Age". This awareness inspired the subject matter of other authors, like poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning and novelists Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy. Barrett's works on child labour cemented her success in a male-dominated world where women writers often had to use masculine pseudonyms. Dickens employed humour and an approachable tone while addressing social problems such as wealth disparity. Hardy used his novels to question religion and social structures. Poetry and theatre were also present during the Victorian era. Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson were Victorian England's most famous poets. With regard to the theatre it was not until the last decades of the 19th century that any significant works were produced. Notable playwrights of the time include Gilbert and Sullivan, George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde. Famous writers of Victorian age Famous writers from this period include: Charles Dickens Rudyard Kipling Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's bestknown fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime and, by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are widely read today. Dickens's literary success began with the 1836 serial publication of The Pickwick Papers, a publishing phenomenon — thanks largely to the introduction of the character Sam Weller in the fourth episode — that sparked Pickwick merchandis e and spin-offs. Oliver Twist, or the Parish Boy's Progress, Charles Dickens's second novel, was published as a serial from 1837 to 1839, and as a three-volume book in 1838. Born in a Workhouse, the orphan Oliver Twist is bound into apprenticeship with an Undertaker. After escaping, Oliver travels to London, where he meets the “Artful Dodger", a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets led by the elderly criminal Fagin. That two books are became famous him. His success as a novelist continued. Even also the young Queen Victoria read both Oliver Twist and The Pickwick Papers, staying up until midnight to discuss them. Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was an English novelist, shortstory writer, poet, and journalist. He was born in British India, which inspired much of his work. Kipling's works of fiction include the Jungle Book duology (The Jungle Book, 1894; The Secon Jungle Book, 1895), Kim (1901), the Just so stories (1902) and many short stories, including “The Man Who Would Be King" (1888). His poems include “Mandalay" (1890), “Gunga Din" (1890), “The Gods of the Copybook Headings" (1919), “The White Man’s Burden" (1899), and “If-“ (1910). He is seen as an innovator in the art of the short story. His children's books are classics; one critic noted "a versatile and luminous narrative gift". Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular playwrights in London in the early 1890s. He is best remembered for his epigrams and plays, his novel The Picture of Dorian Grey. He early death from meningitis at age 46. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a philosophical novel by Irish writer Oscar Wilde. A shorter novellalength version was published in the July 1890 issue of the American periodical Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine The novellength version was published in April 1891. The story revolves around a portrait of Dorian Gray painted by Basil Hallward, a friend of Dorian's and an artist infatuated with Dorian's beauty. Through Basil, Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton and is soon enthralled by the aristocrat's hedonistic worldview: that beauty and sensual fulfillment are the only things worth pursuing in life. Newly understanding that his beauty will fade, Dorian expresses the desire to sell his soul, to ensure that the picture, rather than he, will age and fade. The wish is granted, and Dorian pursues a libertine life of varied amoral experiences while staying young and beautiful; all the while, his portrait ages and visually records every one of Dorian's sins. Wilde's only novel, it was subject to much controversy and criticism in its time but has come to be recognized as a classic of gothic literature. Original manuscript of novel George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist. His influence on Western theatre, culture and politics extended from the 1880s to his death and beyond. He wrote more than sixty plays, including major works such as Man and Superman (1902), Pygmalion (1913) and Saint Joan (1923). With a range incorporating both contemporary satire and historical allegory, Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation, and in 1925 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. (Shaw in 1914, aged 57) Man and Superman is a fouract drama written by George Bernard Shaw in 1903. The series was written in response to a call for Shaw to write a play based on the Don Juan theme. Man and Superman opened at the Royal Court Theatre in London on 21 May 1905 as a four-act play produced by the Stage Society, and then by John Eugene Vedrenne and Harley Granville-Barker on 23 May, without Act III ("Don Juan in Hell"). A part of the third act, Don Juan in Hell (Act 3, Scene 2), was performed when the drama was staged on 4 June 1907 at the Royal Court. Pygmalion is a play by Bernard Shaw, named after the Greek Mythological figure. It premiered at the Hofburg Theatre in Vienna on 16 October 1913 and was first presented in German on stage to the public in 1913. Its English-language premiere took place at Her Majesty’s Theatre in the West End in April 1914 and starred Hertbert Beerbohm Tree as phonetics professor Henry Higgins and Mrs Patrick Campbell as Cockney flower girl Eliza Doolittle. In ancient Greek mythology, Pygmalion fell in love with one of his sculptures, which then came to life. The general idea of that myth was a popular subject for Victorian era British playwrights, including one of Shaw's influences, W. S. Gilbert, who wrote a successful play based on the story called Pygmalion and Galatea that was first presented in 1871. Shaw would also have been familiar with the musical Adonis and the burlesque version, Galatea or Pygmalion Reversed. Shaw's play has been adapted numerous times, most notably as the 1938 film Pygmalion, the 1956 musical My Fair Lady and its 1964 film version. Thank you for attention!
