Therapy
Roadmap
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Historical Care of Mentally Ill
Therapy: Biomedical vs. Psychotherapy
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic Therapy
• Client-Centered Therapy
§ Cognitive Therapy
• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
§ Behavior Therapy
§ Biomedical Therapy
Historical Care of the Mentally Ill
§ Possession (Middle Ages – 1600s)
§ Worthless Humans (1700s)
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Historical Care of the Mentally Ill
§ Humanitarian Reform (began late 1700s /
early 1800s)
• Philippe Pinel
• Dorthea Dix
§ Deinstitutionalization
§ Reality
Types of Therapy
§ Biomedical
• E.g., Psychopharmacology, ECT, Psychosurgery
§ Psychotherapy (Insight & Behavior)
• uses psychological rather than biological means
• person talks about their problems and/or work on
plans to change maladaptive behaviors
• conducted by a trained therapist
Psychotherapy
§ Characteristics
• Dialogue between therapist and client
• Supportive relationship
• Restructuring aspects of thinking / feeling /
behaving
§ Variety
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Psychotherapy
§ Eclectic Practitioners
§ Evaluating Psychotherapies
• Psychotherapy works
• No single psychotherapy stands out as best
• Common factors
Psychotherapy
§ Not just for psychological disorders
Psychotherapy (book outline)
§ Psychoanalysis
• and Psychodynamic Therapy (modern incarnation of
psychoanalysis)
§ Humanistic Therapy
• Rogers: Client-Centered Therapy
§ Group Therapy
§ Couples & Family Therapy
§ Behavior Therapy
• Based on Classical & Operant Conditioning and Observational
Learning
• E.g., Systematic Desensitization, Social Skills Training
§ Cognitive Therapy (/Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy)
• Beck
• Ellis: Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
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Psychoanalysis
§ Psychoanalysis
• Approach developed by Sigmund Freud
• Therapy focused on understanding current
symptoms by focusing on unconscious conflicts
§ Psychodynamic therapy
Psychoanalysis
§ Breuer & Anna O.
Psychoanalysis
§ Framework
• Conscious memories can become unconscious.
• Unconscious memories can be basis of neurotic
symptoms.
• Symptoms may disappear if client becomes
aware of underlying memories and consciously
experiences emotions associated with them.
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Psychoanalysis
§ Characteristics
• Importance of childhood experiences
• Clues to the Unconscious
§ Free association
§ Dream analysis
§ Transference
§ Resistance
Humanistic Therapy
§ View
• Emphasizes importance of personal choice and
potential for human growth
• Focus on subjective experiences
§ Premise
• psychological problems caused / made worse by
inhibiting influence of rejecting society
Humanistic Therapy
§ Focus
• Normal person seeking greater fulfillment
§ Goal
• Help clients become aware of feelings / desires;
gain control of own life.
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Humanistic: Client-Centered Therapy
§ Carl Rogers
§ Focus
• Removing obstacles to self-actualization
• See client as aware individual
§ Role of Therapist vs. Client
• Therapist non-directive
• Client-driven
Humanistic: Client-Centered Therapy
§ Necessary conditions for therapy
• Unconditional Positive Regard
• Empathy
§ (& how shown)
• Genuineness
Cognitive Therapy
§ Premise
• Maladaptive thoughts
§ Goals
• Change way clients think: identify maladaptive
ways and replace with adaptive thoughts
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Cognitive Therapy
§ Types of Cognitive Distortions
• Personalization and blame
• Selective Thinking
• Catastrophizing
• Arbitrary Inference (Jumping to conclusions)
Cognitive Therapy
§ Focus
• Problem-focused
§ Role of Therapist vs. Client
• Teacher and Learner
Cognitive:
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
§ Albert Ellis
§ Premise
• How we think about event, not event itself
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Cognitive:
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
§ Goal
• Change unreasonable beliefs
§ Therapist very direct
Behavior Therapy
§ Background
• Based on learning principles
• Classical conditioning, Operant Conditioning,
Observational Learning
§ Premise
• All behaviors (including abnormal ones) are
learned
Behavior Therapy
§ Goal
• Change behavior through learning principles
§ Focus
• Problem-focus
• Observable
• Often merged with Cognitive Therapy techniques
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Behavior Therapy
§ Exposure Therapies
• Conditioning principle basis: classical
conditioning
Behavior Therapy
§ Systematic Desensitization
• Anxiety Hierarchy
• Relaxation training
Behavior Therapy
§ Social Skills Training
• Modeling
• Rehearsal
• Shaping
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Biomedical Therapies (book outline)
§ Medication
• Antianxiety
• Antipsychotic
• Mood stabilizers
• Antidepressant
Antidepressant
§ SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake
Inhibitor)
• Most frequently prescribed type of
antidepressant
• Work on serotonin system
• Blocks reuptake
• Affects amount of serotonin being used
Antidepressant
SSRI
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Biomedical Therapies
§ Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
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