blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
Ace D. Huston
Bio1560
3-13-22
Taproot systems help plants survive by having a resilient main root
grown straight down in the ground to resist soil disturbances by animals
and to access nutrients/minerals deeper within the earth, against
competition. The fibrous root systems allow plants to absorb more
surface nutrients and minerals, while being accustomed to changing soil
and planning for it to disperse said nutrients.
Taproot systems are more suited towards thick vegetation and rain
forests to reach their food sources below the other plants' roots, also
serving as a srong anchor for the main shoot. Fibrous root systems are
better suited to deserts and ocean coasts because the high winds and
other geographic forces are constantly moving the upper soil materials
and changing their access to what nutrients they reach while also
providing a wide support anchor that resists full plant movement.
They are largest in the core of the root, in the vascular
and ground tissues at maturation. They are smallest in
the epidermis to the root tip, freshly divided and very
small.
blob:
1
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
Yes, it shows that they are made of similar tissues,
which is important because the root tip only has one
purpose.
Root hairs only occur in the zone of maturation because
they are the only place strong enough to support the root
branches. They also branch off the main root so that if
something affects the soil they can be pulled off and the
plant suffers no permanent damage
Root hairs branch out into the dirt to gain as much
surface area contact with the soil as possible for
reaching more nutrients.
blob:
2
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
blob:
3
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
Lateral Root Origin
The storage of starch.
(I know this level of effort
was unnecessary but I
enjoyed myself and haven't
drawn in a while...)
They arise from the inside of the primary root.
Pericycle
The monocot root has a vascular cylinder in the center filled with
xylem and phloem veins that transport water and sustenance
compounds in the plant, this central cylinder is called the pith.
Cudicots have no central pith but the xylem and phloem are lobed
alternate within the stele.
In much simpler
visuals+ bcos im
smoothbrained
monocot single
mainly root
systems like, a
carrot, put
everything in the
center for their
roots, and have
thin grass stems
with the veins
loose within. a
grassy plant is
going to have lots
of loose veined
roots but strong
stem central
support vascular
cylinder alternate
like opposites
attract kind of
blob:
4
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
The starch is located within amyloplasts in the
parenchyma cells in the cortex.
The cortex is reliant on starch energy, and
starchy root vegetables such as carrots and
potatoes probably have a ton of these cells in
their systems too. mmm Delicious
blob:
5
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
The shoot apex is not pusing through the soil
and therefore does not have any use of the
protection needed by the root cap on the apical
+ which grows
meristem of the root
straight through the earth, the bud leaves offer
enough protection alone.
... See prev answer whoops. Shoots have no
need for the same protections as roots.
The cells at the shoot apex are longer in
comparison and respond to different signals, as
well as being comparatively small and reacting
differently than their root cousins.
blob:
Xylem and phloem are within the cortex
surrounding the central pith! I was actually able to look at
this one on my microscope at home too,
very cool :o)
6
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
blob:
7
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
The coating of cutin on the epidermis is to repel
excessive outside products off the leaves, limit
water loss and protect the cells below.
The vascular bundles in eudicot stems are all grouped
near the cortex and epidermis, they surround the pith in
the center. In monocots, they are not grouped around
those tissues as the ground tissue is not seperated into
bundles of pith and cortex and so they are simply
scattered within the stems center.
The xylem and phloem in the stems are arranged in bundles
near the edge to resist compression and bending forces while
providing support. They are grouped together into veins and
vascular bundles as they pass through leaves. In the roots they
are near the center for protection from the forces pushing the
root through the earth.
Secondary growth is growth outwards in
diameter while primary growth is length.
q
blob:
8
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
During summer resources and food is more
available to the plan than in winter, leading to
more growth, as well as water availability is the
highest in the spring.
Protecting the outside of trees!
The common name is wood!
It is layers of xylem.
blob:
9
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
Tracheids, they are called spring cells because
they form in times of heavy water flow and
therefore larger.
It differs slightly between the third year and
the rest, this is most likely to preserve water.
They transport water through tree wood.
I think oak transports more. it has more large
tracheid cells overall.
Lenticels have spaces between them to allow
for gas passage.
blob:
10
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
simple- one leaf, palmate- like a maple leaf,
pinnate- fern leaf, long bois
blob:
11
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
Controlled by guard cells, they regulate O2 gas
exchange with CO2 in cellular respiration/
photosynthesis. This is important in regulating
water loss as well!
Epidermal leaves have a cuticle and it is important
in limiting water loss.
The chloroplasts are concentrated near the top to
have access to the sunlight that directly strikes the
leaf for photosyethesis.
They make the O2 exchange in photosynthesis
easier, beause CO2 gas is heavier than air and sinks
out of the leaf.
The internal anatomy of a corn leaf is much thinner at
roughly a dozen cells across, it is missing the meristems
the Ligustrum has of distinct spongy and palisade
mesophyll cell layers. However it's vascular regions are
more tightly packed and defined.
They both have the stomata and guard cells near the
bottom of the leaf, along with epidermis cuticles and
mesophyll cells in common.
blob:
12
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
The upper surfaces have regions of palisade
mesophyll cells for chloroplasts to have access to
sunlight, while the stoma cells are on the bottom.
blob:
13
blob:
3/13/22, 1:41 PM
Xylem transports water and minerals up, while phloem transports water and organic compounds both up and down. The vascular
cambium is meristematic tissue inbetween the bundles of xylem and phloem in eudicot stems that makes the stem wider. The
epidermis is the outer most layer of cells that protect the cells within.
The stomata are controlled by guard cells to facilitate O2 and CO2 exchange in photosynthesis and water regulation as a side
affect. Lenticels are designed to have empty space intentionally for gas release only.
The internal anatomy of a stem is more designed for support and expansion without pressure or protection needed, the vascular
bundles are spread within the ground tissue/cortex+pith. There is no root cap or mucus needed in the stems but rather the apical
meristem takes the form of n auxillary bud with leaf nodes.
Primary growth of a meristem is length, while secondary growth is girth outwards.
A leaf is structurally shaped like a leaf, which makes it pretty good at doing leaf things.
(Skip but it's because the stem grows continuously and quickly, sometimes outpacing its own support, these cells die leaving
large cavities and strengthen the surrounding cell walls)
I would, bamboo grows at a speed of up to a foot a day, can't see why would this not be possible.
Monocot stems have their vascular bundles arranged randomly within the ground tissue, versus dicots have their stem vascular
bundles in a ring in the center surrounded by the cortex and sclerenchyma. Dicot roots have a central stele that is surrounded still
by a thick cortex and epidermis. However monocot roots have a vascular cylinder of xylem and phloem that surrounds a central
pith in contrast.
blob:
14