Name: Date: Class Period: Vocabulary Atom, Molecule, Chemical Bond, Valence Electron Activity 1: Log into phet simulation Build a Molecule. Click the play button and choose “Single” from the three options. 1. Build a molecule of water by dragging the oxygen molecule out of the bucket and into the light blue area. 2. Drag the two Hydrogen atoms out of their bucket and place them so they are touching the Oxygen atom. Draw the molecule you created in the box below. (Be sure to label the atoms!) 3. If you were successful, you will see the word water and a green box that says 3D. Click the green box. Click the right side box that shows bonds. How many bonds connect a Hydrogen atom to an Oxygen atom in a water molecule? 4. Drag your molecule to the right into the correct collection box. (Hint there will be a blue arrow pointing to the correct box). 5. Click the right arrow button on the bar where the buckets of atoms were. You should now see a Hydrogen bucket with 2 atoms and an Oxygen bucket with 2 atoms. Create the O2 and H2 molecules (by dragging the atoms to the blue field). Draw the molecules you created below (Remember to label the atoms) O2 H2 6. How many bonds connect the two Oxygen atoms? ____________ How many bonds connect the two Hydrogen atoms? __________ 7. What does the number of bonds tell you about the Oxygen atoms? 8. What does the number of bonds tell you about the Hydrogen atoms? 9. Click the right arrow button on the bar containing the atom buckets. You should see a Carbon bucket (1 Carbon atom), Oxygen bucket (2 Oxygen atoms) and a Nitrogen Bucket (2 Nitrogen atoms). 10. Make a molecule of CO2 and N2 by dragging the correct number of Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen atoms to the blue field. Draw the molecules you made below and draw the bonds using lines (HINT: click the green 3D box and box lower right to see the bonds) Make sure to label the atoms. CO2 N2 11. What does the number of bonds tell you about the Carbon atoms? 12. What does the number of bonds tell you about the Nitrogen atoms? 13. Take a screenshot of your complete collection and place it below. Activity 2: Click multiple at the bottom of the simulation (it’s in the black bar at the very bottom to the right of the “Build a Molecule” Title. Click the right arrow button till you see three buckets (Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen). 1. Create 2 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2). Draw the molecules below. 2. How many Carbon atoms did you need to complete the molecules? __________ How many Oxygen atoms did you need to complete the molecules?__________ 3. If you wanted to make Carbon Monoxide (CO), how many molecules could you make from the 2 carbon dioxide (CO2)? _______ 4. What atoms are left over? What do you think would happen to those leftover atoms? 5. Click the small picture of a bowl with an arrow . It will refill the bowls with atoms to use. Create the 2 O2 molecules. Draw the molecules in the box below including bonds. 6. Click the right arrow bar at the bottom of the page. Create the 4H2 molecules and the 2NH3 molecules. Draw them below with their bonds. (You will have to click the button to add more atoms H2 NH3 7. Why can’t you add 3 Hydrogen atoms together to create a molecule? 8. What is the molecule NH3 called? _______ 9. Take a screenshot of your completed collection. Activity 3. Click the “Playground” option at the bottom of the screen (it’s located on the black bar, to the right of “Build a Molecule”. 1. Drag a chlorine atom to the blue field. Click the blue box next to the molecule to separate them. a. How many Nitrogen atoms will connect to the Chlorine atom? b. How many bonds can Chlorine atoms make with other atoms? 2. Atoms are able to bond to other atoms because of valence electrons. Remember that atoms (except Hydrogen) are trying to have 8 valence electrons. Any unpaired electrons desperately want to find another electron to bond with (which makes molecules). Use the Hydrogen atoms to complete the table below. (Do not delete your molecules!) Atom How many hydrogen atoms can pair with this atom? How many bonds can this atom make? How many valence electrons do you think this atom has? Oxygen 2 2 2 Carbon 4 4 4 Nitrogen 3 3 3 Chlorine 1 1 1 3. Is there a pattern between how many bonds an atom can make and the number of valence electrons it has? 4. Take a screenshot of the four molecules you made featuring Hydrogen bonded to Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen and Chlorine.
