13.2 Translation Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12 1. How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids? ____ 2. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true? a. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid. b. Each codon specifies a different amino acid. c. Some amino acids have no link to a codon. d. Each amino acid is specified by only one codon. Figure 2 ____ 3. a. Gly b. Lys c. Ala d. Pro In Figure 2, which amino acid is specified by the mRNA code CCC? ____ 4. a. UAC b. UAA c. UGC d. UGU According to Figure 2, which code specifies the same amino acid as UAU? ____ 5. A promoter is a a. binding site for DNA polymerase. b. binding site for RNA polymerase. c. start signal for replication. d. stop signal for transcription. ____ 6. What happens during translation? a. Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code. b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins. c. Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code. d. Copies of DNA molecules are made. ____ 7. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others? a. spindle fiber b. tRNA c. polypeptide d. anticodon ____ 8. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the a. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA. b. anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA. c. anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA. d. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA. ____ 9. A protein is being assembled when a. DNA is being translated. b. RNA is being transcribed. c. RNA is being translated. d. DNA is being transcribed. ____ 10. Genes contain instructions for assembling a. operons. b. nucleosomes. c. proteins. d. mutagens. ____ 11. Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms? a. protein to DNA to RNA b. RNA to DNA to protein c. DNA to RNA to protein d. RNA to protein to DNA ____ 12. What is an exception to the central dogma of molecular biology? a. Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA. b. Viruses sometimes transfer information from DNA to RNA. c. Viruses sometimes transfer information from proteins to DNA. d. Viruses can translate without RNA. ____ 13. Which of the following best describes the what happens during gene expression? a. A cell reads the instructions in DNA and builds a protein based on those instructions. b. A gene is copied many times so that all of a cell’s daughter cells will have their own copy. c. The nucleus of a cell builds cellular proteins based on the sequence of the mRNA code. d. A single gene leaves the nucleus of a cell and travels through the cytoplasm to the membrane. ____ 14. In eukaryotes a. Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus. b. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. c. Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus. d. Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm. Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____ 1. A codon consists of four nucleotides. _________________________ Figure 2 ____ 2. According to the chart in Figure 2, the codes GGA and GGU both code for Ala. _________________________ ____ 3. The anticodon AGA is complementary to the mRNA codon TCT. ___________________ ____ 4. Genes determine a person`s eye color by coding for introns that affect eye color. _________________________ Completion Complete each statement. 1. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________________ in proteins. 2. The codon that signals the end of a growing polypeptide is called a(an) __________________. 3. The tRNA bases called the ____________________ are complementary to three consecutive nucleotides on an mRNA molecule. 4. Two cellular processes, _____________ and _____________, are the main activities described in the central dogma of molecular biology. Short Answer Figure 13–2 1. According to Figure 13–2, what codons specify the amino acid glycine? 2. Within a cell, where does translation take place? 3. Describe the functions of the three kinds of RNA illustrated in Figure 13–8. 4. What is the central dogma of molecular biology? 13.2 Translation Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE OBJ: TOP: OBJ: BLM: OBJ: BLM: OBJ: BLM: OBJ: BLM: OBJ: BLM: 1. ANS: C PTS: 1 13.2.1 Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. Foundation Edition BLM: application 2. ANS: A PTS: 1 13.2.1 Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. evaluation 3. ANS: D PTS: 1 13.2.1 Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. application 4. ANS: A PTS: 1 13.2.1 Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. application 5. ANS: B PTS: 1 13.1.2 Explain the process of transcription. knowledge 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 13.2.2 Summarize the process of translation. comprehension 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 366 DIF: L3 REF: p. 367 DIF: L2 REF: p. 367 DIF: L3 REF: p. 367 DIF: L1 REF: p. 365 TOP: Foundation Edition DIF: L2 REF: p. 368 TOP: Foundation Edition DIF: p. 369 OBJ: 13.2.2 Summarize the process of translation. BLM: 8. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: OBJ: 13.2.2 Summarize the process of translation. BLM: 9. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: OBJ: 13.2.2 Summarize the process of translation. TOP: BLM: analysis 10. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: OBJ: 13.2.2 Summarize the process of translation. TOP: BLM: knowledge 11. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: OBJ: 13.2.3 Describe the “central dogma” of molecular biology. TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension 12. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: OBJ: 13.2.3 Describe the “central dogma” of molecular biology. BLM: comprehension MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. PTS: 1 ANS: F, three DIF: L1 REF: p. 366 L2 REF: p. 363 | p. 366 | evaluation L3 REF: p. 368 | p. 369 synthesis L1 REF: p. 370 Foundation Edition L1 REF: p. 366 Foundation Edition L1 REF: p. 370 L3 REF: p. 370 OBJ: 13.2.1 Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge 2. ANS: F, Gly PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 367 OBJ: 13.2.1 Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. BLM: application 3. ANS: F, UCU PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 368 | p. 369 OBJ: 13.2.2 Summarize the process of translation. TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application 4. ANS: F, proteins PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 370 OBJ: 13.2.3 Describe the “central dogma” of molecular biology. TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension SHORT ANSWER 1. ANS: Messenger RNA provides the code for the translation, ribosomal RNA reads the code, and a tRNA molecule brings the next amino acid specified by the code. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 368 | p. 369 OBJ: 13.2.2 Summarize the process of translation. BLM: comprehension 2. ANS: Information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 363 OBJ: 13.2.3 Describe the “central dogma” of molecular biology. TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
