Drug Name Trade and
Generic
Adult Dosage (Safe)
Classification
Actions
Indications/Contraindications
Major Side Effects
Nursing Interventions
Metformin ER
(Fortamet,
Glucophage,
Glucophage XR,
Glumetza)
PO: 500mg 2x
d; may inc.
500mg wkly
intervals up to
2000 mg/d (in 3
doses)
Extended
Release Tab:
500-1000 mg
once/d w/ eve
food.
T: anti-diabetic
P: biguanides
•decreases
amount of
glucose the liver
produces
•decreases
amount of
glucose
absorbed
through
intestines
•cells take up
more insulin &
glucose
I: Manage T2 DM,
gestational diabetes, PCOS
Lactic acidosis,
d/n/v
C:
•risk for lactic acidosis
•decreased renal function
•contrast dye for CT scans
Common:
GI upset
Bloating
Diarrhea
Lactic acidosis
•take with meals
to avoid
gastrointestinal
problems
•notify HCP of
lactic acidosis
s/sx
•must be taken
daily & not
discontinue
abruptly
•Block the
conversion of
angiotensin I to
angiotensin II.
•Also prevent
the degradation
of bradykinin
and other
vasodilatory
prostaglandins
I: Hypertension.
Management of CHF
PO:D: 12 hr
Lisinopril
(Prinivil,
Qbrelis, Zestril)
Angiotensin
Converting
Enzyme (ACE)
Inhibitors
O:1 hr, P:6 hr,
D:24hrs
PG 173
•decreases blood
glucose level
PO: HTN-10mg T: Anti1x/d, can be
hypertensive
inc. up to 20-40 P: ACE inhibitors
mg/day (initiate
therapy at 5 mg
/d in pts
receiving
diuretics)
HF: 5mg/d
Post IM: 5mg
once daily for 2
d, then 10 mg/d
•Used to treat
hypertension (high blood
pressure) in adults and
children 6+
E: w/in a few
days-full 2 wks
Light-headed
-do not use if
feeling, fever,
pregnant (harm
sore throat, high baby)
potassium,
-do not take w/in
kidney
36hrs of taking
problems, liver
med sacubitril
problems
-diabetics taking
aliskiren (such as
Common:
Amturnide,
HA, dizziness,
Tekturna,
cough or chest
Tekamlo)
pain
-hx of
angioedema
Furosemide
(Lasix)
PO: O:30-60
min
P: 1-2 hr
D: 6-8 hr
PG 614
Metoprolol XL
(Lopressor,
Toprol-XL)
PO:O:15min
D:6-12 hr
Hold: HR >50
PO: 20-80 mg/d
single dose,
may repeat 6-8
hrs, may inc
dose by 20-40
mg q 6-8
Up to 600mg/d
T: diuretics
P: loop diuretics
PO: 25-100
mg/d as a single
dose initially or
2 divided doses.
May be up q 7
days as needed
up to 450 mg/d
or 400 mg/d
(ERT- 1/d)
MI: 25-50 mg
(15 min after IV
dose)e 6 hr for
48 hrs, then
100 mg 2x d.
HF: 12.5-25 mg
1d (of ERel),
can double e 2
wk up to 200
mg/d
T: antianginals,
Antihypertensive
P: beta blockers
Prevents your
body from
absorbing too
much salt. This
allows the salt to
instead be
passed in your
urine
Decreased BP
and heart rate.
Decreased
frequency of
attacks of angina
pectoris.
Do not crush or
chew ERT.
Inhibits the
reabsorption of
Na & Cl from
the loop of
Henle and distal
renal tubule. Inc
renal excretion
of water, Na, Cl,
Mg, K, and Ca
I: edema due to heart
failure, hepatic
impairment, or renal
disease. Hypertension
Blocks
stimulation of
beta1,
(myocardial)adrenergic
receptors.
I: hypertension. Angina
pectoris, prevention of MI
and dec mortality in pts
with recent
C: cross-sensi with
thiazides & sulfonamides.
Hepatic coma or anuria;
no alcohol
C: Uncompensated HF;
pulmonary edema; cardio
genie shock; bradycardia,
heart block, or sick sinus
syndrome (in absence of a
pacemaker
Common:
diarrhea,
constipation,
loss of appetite,
numbness or
tingling, HA,
dizziness or
blurred vision
Heart failure,
trouble
breathing, signs
of blood sugar
can be hidden in
people with
diabetes.
Common:
dizziness, drop
in HR, diarrhea,
depression
•Inc risk of
hypotension with
Antihypertensive
(SBP <90)
(Ask if taking
ACE)
•allergy to
sulfonamides
•assess for K
(3.5-5 norm)
Evaluation:
decrease in
edema,
Increase in
urinary output
Torpor XL can
hide symptoms
of low blood
sugar.
•assess VS for
hypotension
(SBP<90) and
Bradycardia
(<60) can
depress both
Stopping Toprol
XL suddenly can
cause your BP to
go up quickly,
which may raise
your risk of
having a heart
attack or stroke.
NovoLOG
Insulin (insulin
aspart-fast
acting)
SQ: determined
by needs of pt:
0.5-1
unit/kg/day,
Releases insulin
into the body to
lower glucose
(sugar) level in
the blood. It acts
like the insulin
that your body
naturally
produces to keep
your blood sugar
levels normal
after eating
meals.
O: w/in 15min,
P: 1-2 hr
D: 3-4 hrs
(Insulin aspart)
is fast acting
Morphine
(Arymo ER,
Astramorph)
IM: O:10-30
min, P: 30-60
min, D: 4-5 hrs
T: anti-diabetics,
hormones
P: pancreatics
IM: (>50 kg
(110lbs)) 4-10
mg q 3-4 hrs
<50 kg- 0.05
mg/kg q 4-8
hrs, max dose
0.1 mg/kg
T: opioid
analgesics
P: opioid agonists
Schedule II
Student Name ________________________
Lowers blood
glucose by:
stimulating
glucose uptake
in skeletal
muscle and fat,
inhibiting
hepatic glucose
production
Should be used
with an
intermediate-or
long-acting
insulin.
I: control of hyperglycemia
in pts w/ T1 or T2 DM
C: hypoglycemia; allergy
or hypersensitivity to a
particular type of insulin,
preservatives or other
additives.
•Low blood
sugar
(hypoglycemia)
Severe allergic
reaction
Low levels of
potassium
Common: T1:
low blood sugar,
headache,
weight gain
T2: muscles
slow to react,
low blood sugar,
nail fungal
infection,
impairment of
sense, weight
gain, bladder
infection
Slowed
breathing
•Interactions
with beta
blockers: s/sx of
hypoglycemiareduce the s/ of
hypoglycemia
Alcohol, ACE
inhibitors may
decrease insulin
requirements
•can only be
mixed with NPH.
Take with meal.
Hold: <70mg/dL
Or K <3.5
Antidote: eat or
drink something
right awayemergency
glucagon
Take exactly as
prescribed.
Binds to opiate
I: severe pain
receptors in the
CNS. Alters the
C: some products contain
perception of
tartrazine, bisulfites, or
Common:
Constipation is a
and response to alcohol and should be
constipation,
common side
painful stimuli
avoided in patients with
N/V
effect of
while producing known hypersensitivity
morphine- drink
generalized CNS •beta blockers, diuretics
plenty of water
depression
Avoid alcohol
Date: __________________________
Room Number _______________
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