PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVE
TEACHING – LEARNING PROCESS
OWOYELE Jimoh Wale PhD
Associate Professor Of Counselling Psychology And Psychometrics
Deputy Director Academic Planning And Quality Assurance
TASUED, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria
owoyelejw@tasued.edu.ng
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL, GASLINE SANGO OTA,
OGUN STATE
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
The Meaning and Nature of Islamic
Schools
A school is a home of learning; a centre where people
congregate for the purpose of teaching and learning.
An Islamic school has its foundations, structures,
programmes,
vision
and
mission,
administration,
management, goals, curricula, staffing, methods and
processes premised on the pristine teachings and
principles of Islam.
Its guidance and procedures are from the Qur’an, the
Sunnah and the precepts of pious predecessors.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Uniqueness and special features of
Islamic Schools
• Foundation, vision and mission rooted in the principles
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and teachings of Islam.
Curricula: a dual purpose, well blended conventional and
Islamic curricula.
School environment: child friendly, rich in teachinglearning resources and Islamic.
Teachers: sound in pedagogical skills, content knowledge
and morally upright.
Teaching: professional and Islamised.
Books: teach consciousness of Allah; not obscene
contents.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Challenges:
• Target population (categories: Committed, Nominal, Laser
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faire & Pretenders)
Finance (low fees and accumulated debts)
Curricula (blending and balancing) (while critics talk of too
much Arabic learning)
Physical infrastructure
Deployment of modern teaching – learning facilities
Pupils’ attrition rate
Teachers’ retention
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
SCHOOL ADMINISTATION AND
MANAGEMENT
Administration
It is the overall determination of policies, setting of major
objectives and overseeing the process of achieving set
objectives. It is the day – to – day running of an
organization in this case, a school.
So, everything done by the leadership of a school
(proprietor, staff, parents and students) for the smooth
running of the school constitutes the administration of the
school.
All the people involved in such activities including the
proprietor, staff, parents, students and others are the
administrators.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Management
Management is an art of getting things done through others
by administering and guiding them towards realizing set
objectives.
It is the coordination and administration of tasks to achieve
a goal.
It includes setting the organization’s strategy and
coordinating the efforts of people to accomplish set
objectives through the application of available resources.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
School Organogram
Chairman / Proprietor
Director
Head teacher
Bursar / Secretary
Class teachers
Prefects
Class captains
Students/Pupils
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Functions and roles of management
According to Henry Fayol
• Planning: establishing vision, mission, goals and course of action to
achieve them, staffing, financing, making strategic decisions and
brainstorming for sustainable development.
• Organizing: communicating, arranging, distributing resources and
delegating tasks in a way that makes achievement of the set
objectives possible.
• Leading: motivating and influencing people to get things done.
Directing, coaching, supporting and delegating.
• Controlling: coordinating, evaluating the process of execution of the
plan and making adjustments, disciplining, training and monitoring,
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Managerial skills
• Administrative Knowledge and skills
• Piety and good character
• Openness to criticism
• Intelligence and diligence
• Emotional intelligence
• Fairness and justice
• Firmness and risk-taking skills
• Continuous evaluation and learning
• Creativity and innovation
• Communication skills
• Sound interpersonal relationship skills
• Prayer and reliance on Allah
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Human and Physical Resources
Management
• The human resource: staff (management, teaching and
non-teaching), pupils / students, parents, community
people, well-wishers and all other people connected with
the school.
• The physical and material resources: take inventories,
maintain and renew them.
• The school plants including buildings, roads, laboratories,
libraries, gardens, fields, furniture, computers, chalk /
marker / magnetic boards, generators, sound systems,
book shelves, copies of Qur’an and so on.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Tips
• Develop a strategic plan.
• Keep history and other important records (survey, plan,
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deeds of agreement and others).
Accurate maintenance of school records (admission
register, visitors’ book, attendance registers, marks books,
punishment books etc.)
Take periodic review of the inventories of the school’s
properties and facilities.
Ensure regular cleaning, maintenance, replacement and
upgrading.
Records of workers and their pay.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
THE TEACHING - LEARNING
PROCESS
• Pedagogical
skills: refers to the various scientific
methods, strategies and techniques which teachers use in
delivering instructions and which are meant to stimulate
learners’ interest in the lesson, facilitate effective learning
and make it possible to achieve instructional objectives.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Understanding the Main Concept:
Pedagogical Skills
• Teaching: is the art and science of imparting knowledge,
giving instructions, shaping behaviours and developing
others to become responsible persons by making them
fitting adequately into their society and contributing their
own quota to its development.
• It
encompasses a variety of strategies including
explaining, describing, demonstrating, dramatizing,
illustrating, questioning, field trips, practical exercises, and
other pedagogical strategies.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Teaching Methods and Strategies
• Explaining / illustrating
• Demonstrating . Dramatizing
• Discussing / didactic interactions
• Role-playing
• Enquiry Method / field trips
• Collaborating
• Online instruction and social media use
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Learning
• Learning: literally means acquisition of knowledge, skills
and values in order to become responsible individuals.
• Psychologically, learning means a relatively permanent
change in behaviour as a result of experience and
practice.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
The teaching – learning process
• The teaching –learning process is a continuum involving
the teacher, the learner, the learning content, teaching
resources and the learning environment.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
The Teaching-Learning Process
TEACHER
ENVIRONMENT
LEARNER
RESOURCES
CONTENT
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Classroom Management
• Classroom management: one of the most important
pedagogical skills is classroom management. This has to
do with class control, arrangements, discipline,
orderliness and maintenance of decorum and full
involvement of all the learners in the teaching-learning
process.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
The Learning Environment
• The Learning Environment is the psychological and social
contexts in which learning takes place. This refers to the
atmosphere in terms of how learners perceive, feel and
experience the learning situation.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Psychological principles on effective
learning environment
• Learners are free to ask questions – no good or bad
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question.
Questions have more values than answers.
Ideas emanate from divergent sources – personal
experiences, books, theories, literature etc.
Varieties of learning models operate.
Classroom learning becomes a connected community.
Personalized learning based on various criteria; emphasis
on individualized instruction.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Psychological principles on effective
learning environment
• Assessment is persistent, authentic, transparent and
never punitive nor oppressive.
• Balanced and transparent criteria for success.
• Development of ability to continuously learn. Learning
does not end in the classroom.
• Constant opportunities for practice – assignments, selfdrills, group works etc. (techthought, 2020; Owoyele,
2009).
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Teachers’ Attitude to Work
• Attitude:
refers to individual’s disposition to things,
showing preferences, specific likes and dislikes dictating
one’s behaviour towards an object, person or job.
• Attitude is the underlying force determining the extent to
which individuals could go in achieving set goals. There
are two sides to it positive and negative attitude.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Attitude to Work
Positive Attitude.
• Being engrossed with love, personal likeness and
devotion towards something such as jobs.
• Cares more about achieving success than the obstacles
or personal gains attached to it.
• Jobs become vocations i.e. life callings.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Negative Attitude
• Dislike the job, does it reluctantly.
• Low commitment
• Too many complaints.
• No job satisfaction.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Negative Attitude
• Lateness to work and frequent absenteeism.
• Aggressive.
• Poor teaching due to inadequate preparations.
• Other forms of dereliction of duties.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE
Cognitive restructuring for attitudinal
change
• We all need cognitive restructuring.
• Check your thought and weigh it against reasoning.
• Think positively, life is progressive in nature, its step - by –
step.
• Success is more than monetary reward.
• Teaching is for posterity, the reward is ever-lasting and
manifold, sometimes when and where it is least expected.
SEMINAR AT IKRAAM IDEAL MODEL SCHOOL,
GASLINE SANGO OTA, OGUN STATE