Developing Argument.
The word argument is derived from the Latin word “arguer,” which means “to make clear.” We
might usefully define “developing an argument as persuading the reader and using logic to
reach a conclusion.”
An essential aspect of academic writing is arguing and discussing. This involves proposing a
claim and offering a rational reason with help of evidence that strengthens an author’s point of
view. When presenting an argument, the possible counter-arguments should be taken into
account. Thus, an academic argument can be called as an evidence-based defense of a complex
issue.
There are a few primary reasons why an argument may occur. These reasons include:_
1.To solve a problem or make a judgment.
2.To defend or explain an action or stance.
3.To communicate your point of view and way of thinking to a person or group.
Features of an Effective Argument:_
1.An effective argument is well grounded and supported by relevant data.
2.Presenting an effective argument does not involve mere participation but also contribution to
an existing argument or scholarship in the field.
3.A fruitful academic argument defends against rational counter-arguments promoted by
experts in defense of their perspective.
Two Basic types of Argument.
1‫۔‬Deductive Argument: “When an argument has the purport of proving its conclusion
necessarily from the premises.”
An argument is deductive if its purport is that it is impossible that its premises be true and its
conclusion false.
2.Inductive Argument: “When an argument has the purport of showing its conclusion to be
likely or probable given the premises.”
An argument is inductive if its purport is merely that it is improbable that its premises be true
and its conclusion false.
Steps to developing an argument.
1.Clearly state your contention (the main point an argument is trying to prove, usually a belief
outlined in the thesis statement of an introduction) in a thesis statement within your
introduction.
2.Identify the important reasons/premises of your argument. A reason is evidence given to
support the contention. Every reason has premises, and each must be true for the reason to
support the contention.
3.Identify possible objections (a ‘reason’ that a contention is false; evidence against a
contention) to your argument.
4.Research evidence that supports your reasons and/or reduces objections.
5.Structure your argument so your points logically lead to your conclusion.
6.Clearly state your conclusion (the proven contention) bringing together your thesis
statement and the supporting points.