Name: Tac-an, Jessa P
Date: 09-19-2022
Yr/Cr/Section: 2nd /BSAccty/ A
Score:
1. Identify the major pressures in the business environment and describe the
major organizational responses to them? Provide sample.. 600 words
It is impossible to run a business without pressure. Pressure comes from all
directions and sources. The business environment is never static. Even in the
same industry, there will always be new pressures and innovations that need to be
identified, explored and used. Because of this constant shifting, it is important for
an organization to have the appropriate tools at their disposal to manage those
pressures.
In the business environment there are several pressures being mentioned
in our previous discussion. The business environment consists of a variety of
factors—social, technological,Legal, economic, physical, and political (see Huber,
2004). Significant changes in any of these factors are likely to create business
pressures on organizations. These business pressures are market pressures,
technology pressures and societal pressures. First is the market pressures. In a
competitive environment like the world of work, it's difficult for businesses to
outperform their competitors. This is especially true for small businesses usually
because they have less capital and are not able to make strategic decisions about
market or cost improvements that would be worthwhile for a larger company.
Despite these difficulties, small companies do have access to methods of
improving their performance that can contribute significantly to business success.
Examples of this market pressure are; Global Economy and Strong Competition,
Need for Real-Time Operations. Changing Nature of the workforce, and Powerful
Customers. Market Pressure. Market pressures caused by the presence of the
global economy, the stronger the competition, the changing nature of labor and the
strength of the customer. Globalization is an integration and interdependence in
the economic, social, cultural and ecological life, through the rapid advances in
information technology. Author of the book “The World is Flat”, Thomas Friedman
explained that the technology has leveled the field for preorganization competition,
by making it more “flat”. The changing nature of labor. Labor, especially in
developing countries, are now experiencing diversity. Increasing the number of
women workers, single parents, minorities, and people with disabilities can work
in various positions within an organization. Powerful of customers. Level of
intelligence and customer expectations have increased, along with the easy they
are to get information about the products / services they want to buy. Customers
can use the internet to search for detailed information about the products /
services, compare prices and buy goods by means of an electronic auction. Aside
from market pressures, we also have Technological pressure. There are two main
factors that cause stress in the field of technology. The first is technological
innovation and obsolescence. The rapid discovery of new technologies and the
improvement of technology (technology improvement), can encourage the creation
of substitute products, the choice of alternative services and quality improvement.
For example, the speed of circulation of the new version of the smartphone. The
second factor is redundant information. The amount of information available
through the Internet, the average increased by doubling each year, and most of
the information is provided free of charge. As a result, the managers as decision
makers in an organization, have difficulty in sorting out the required information.
Last is the Societal Pressure. There are several factors that led to a pressure of
society / politics / law, the first is social responsibility. Some companies and
individuals willing to set aside time and money belonging to them to address
various social problems. This effort is known as organizational or individual social
responsibility social responsibility. One of the critical problems in the field of
information technology known as green IT. The second factor is, adjustments to
various government regulations (compliance with government regulations).
Governments of various countries, have varying regulations in the areas of health,
safety, environmental protection and gender equality. Government regulation of
business tend to view such as the imposition of costly expensive. The next factor
in the pressure society / politics / law is protection against terrorist attacks
(protection against terrorist attacks). Since the events of 9/11 terrorist attacks, the
organization improve its protection against possible terrorist attacks. Information
technology can help these businesses by providing protection systems and the
identification of patterns of behaviour that are connected with terrorist activities,
one of which is the cyber attacks which will be discussed in the material Ethics,
Privacy and Information Security. Latter factor is ethical issues. Ethics related to
the general standardization of right and wrong in the practice of information
processing. Ethical issues is essential for dealing with the image of an
organization. The use of information technology raises a variety of ethical
concerns, including e-mail monitoring of employees to protect customer data
stored in the private and public databases.
Organizations are constantly responding to business pressures in an
attempt to do more with less. The first response is through human resource
reforms such as outsourcing and automation which help organizations cut down
on costs and work hours lost from company-wide interruptions such as maternity
leave or vacations. Organizations’ major responses are divided here into seven
categories: strategic management and systems, customer focus, continuous
improvement, restructuring, make-to-order and mass customization, business
alliances, and e-business. These are the seven categories used by the
organizations to mitigate business pressures
2. Describe the role of information technology in supporting the functional
areas, public services, and specific industries? Provide sample. 600 words
As the world’s population becomes more overworked, technology has
sprung up to solve many of the everyday struggles that accompany modern life.
Information systems support people in a number of different ways, helping them
manage their workloads and address problems. This article discusses how
information technology supports the functional areas, public services, and specific
industries of our society through communications networks, facilitated by cloud
computing.
Information technology (IT) has become a vital and integral part of every
business plan. From multi-national corporations who maintain mainframe systems
and databases to small businesses that own a single computer, IT plays a role.
The reasons for the omnipresent use of computer technology in business can best
be determined by looking at how it is being used across the business world. The
first and most obvious way information technology supports people is through
communications. People can use computers to send emails, text messages, chat,
and much more. Through these means people can collaborate with others and
share information. For example, following a string of hurricanes, local governments
were able to coordinate an evacuation effort through their own websites as well as
coordination sites including NOAA's Urgent Message System (UMS). ICT makes
a business more efficient, effective and promptly respond to customers’ needs.
ICT can assist business activities including design, manufacturing, R&D,
distribution and sales and feedback. Prof.Nassef reports that “contrary to the
prevalent predict that ICT will decrease the demand for face to face communication
and will result in greater dispersion of economic activity. She suggests that ICT
promotes industrial agglomeration”. In addition, Prof.Nassef argues that “The
search of job and recruitment via the Internet offer potential efficiency gains to the
labor market and the economy through reducing transaction cost and providing
better matching between workers and vacancies by diffusing information about job
widely”. Innovation in computing, information, and communications technology is
at the heart of nearly every large-scale socioeconomic system. Computing
underlies and enables systems that affect our lives every day—from financial and
health systems to manufacturing, transportation, and energy infrastructures. One
important consequence is that advances in computing are critical enablers of
change for addressing the growing sustainability challenges facing the United
States and the world. Regardless of the job, an individual from an IT division works
with others to take care of innovation issues, both of all shapes and sizes. With
information technology (IT) going mobile, thanks to the deployment of faster and
more reliable broadband networks, we are experiencing yet another technology
driven transition. Technology (-based) businesses can be referred to as
businesses that engage in technology related products, processes and services.
They may be low-, medium- or hightechnology. One area of the economy which
has seen significant growth is that focused on new technology-based products and
services and the high-technology sectors are perceived as major sources of future
economic prosperity and employment growth. Business owners once had very few
tools at their disposal: little more than a basic adding machine and paper records.
Today’s business owners can complete their duties much more effectively than
their predecessors with an array of technological tools at their disposal. By using
these techtools, companies and employees enjoy a number of business-related
benefits. We know that the business sector produces products and services for
profit. Information technology describes any technology used to create, process
and disseminate information that is critical to business performance. Information
technology is important to the business sector as a management tool to optimize
the processing of information to produce goods and services for profit. Automation
improvements achieved by deploying information technology usually decrease the
number of personnel required. Economies of scale gained through the deployment
of information technology reduce the overall cost for businesses to produce
products and services. This has an overwhelmingly positive effect on the financial
goals of a business.
Information Technology not only has a huge impact on how business is run
and what can be done, but it also impacts the economy in general. For example, if
there wasn't that IT support to keep every business running smoothly then what
would happen? There's no telling how much more chaotic our society would be if
businesses were going by the old "if you ain't broke, don't fix it" mentality. I
personally think that IT is really important for all types of businesses.