Since 1977 AUDITING PROBLEMS AP.2905-Audit of Receivables OCAMPO/SOLIMAN/OCAMPO OCTOBER 2020 INTERNAL CONTROL MEASURES 1. Proper internal control over receivables should observe the following: a. Sales must be separated from the accounting for them. b. Accounting for sales must be separated from the receipt of cash arising from the receivables. c. Returns, allowances, discounts, and uncollectible charge-offs must be properly approved and separated from the cash receipts function. d. Periodically, receivables should be aged in order to determine the actions and efficiency of the credit department. 2. Notes receivable custodian should not have access to cash or to the accounting record. 3. A responsible official who does not have access to the notes should approve note renewals as well as chargeoffs of defaulted notes in writing. 4. Proper procedures should be adopted for the follow-up of defaulted notes. SUBSTANTIVE AUDIT OF RECEIVABLES Sales and Accounts Receivable Balances Sales Transactions Existence or occurrence: Sales and accounts receivable are for shipments made to customers Completeness: recorded 1. For a sample of shipping documents, trace sales invoice and entry into sales journal and accounts receivable subsidiary ledger. Perform cutoff tests. 2. Confirm accounts receivable and perform procedures for confirmations not returned. Perform analytical procedures to test sales and accounts receivable. Completeness: Sales transactions that occurred and existing receivables are recorded 3. Perform a test of sales cutoff. Sales transactions that occurred are Occurrence: Recorded sales are for shipments actually made to customers For a sample of entries in the sales journal, compare sales invoice copy, customer order, and sales invoice. Rights and obligations: Accounts receivable are owned by the client Classification: Sales and accounts receivable transactions have been recorded in the proper accounts 4. For a sample of entries in the sales journal, verify the accuracy of account coding. Review minutes of the board of directors’ meetings, inquire of the client personnel, read contracts and agreements, and confirm with lenders any indications that accounts have been assigned, sold, or pledged. Valuation and allocation: Accounts receivable are properly valued 5. 6. Verify mathematical accuracy of the accounts receivable aging schedule and trace it to the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger. Test the adequacy of the allowance for uncollectible accounts. Accuracy (Valuation): recorded Sales are correctly billed and For a sample of entries in the sales journal, (a) examine sales invoice, shipping document, and customer for consistency of descriptions and quantities; (b) examine sales orders for credit approval; and (c) check prices and extensions. Foot sales journal and general ledger account. Presentation and disclosure: Sales and accounts receivable are properly presented and disclosed in accordance with GAAP. 7. Review financial statements and perform analytical procedures to determine whether accounts are classified and disclosed in accordance with GAAP. - end - Page 1 of 7 www.teamprtc.com.ph AP.2905 PROBLEM NO. 1 The December 31, 2019 statement of financial position of Help Company included the following information: Notes receivable Less: NR discounted P 598,000 (380,000) Accounts receivable Less: Allow. for D.A. Total receivables P2,240,000 ( 141,000) P 218,000 2,099,000 P2,317,000 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Sales on account Collections on accounts Accounts receivable written off as uncollectible Notes receivable collected Customer notes received in payment of accounts receivable Notes receivable discounted paid at maturity Notes receivable discounted defaulted, including interest of P200 and a P100 fee. This amount is expected to be collected in 2021 Proceeds from customer notes discounted (face value P450,000, accrued interest income, P2,000) Collections on accounts previously written off Sales returns and allowances Required allowance for doubtful accounts based on impairment assessment at year end P 441,100 16,400 (15,000) P 442,500 The credit balance in customer’s account represents collection from a customer whose account had been written-off as uncollectible in 2019. Accounts receivable for more than a year totaling P21,000 should be written off. The following transactions occurred during 2020: 1. 2. 3. Accounts with debit balances Advances to officers Accounts with credit balance Accounts receivable per GL P8,812,000 8,410,000 138,000 290,000 Confirmation replies received directly from customers disclosed the following exceptions: Customer Jessie 740,000 360,000 20,300 Customer’s Comments The goods sold on December 1 were returned on December 16, 2020. Robert We do not owe this amount *%#@ (bad word). We did not receive any merchandise from your company. Investigation revealed that goods sold for P16,000 were shipped to Robert on December 29, 2020, terms FOB shipping point. The goods were lost in transit and the shipping company has acknowledged its responsibility for the loss of the merchandise. Anne I am entitled to a 10% employee discount. Your bill should be reduced by P1,200. Anne is an employee of Praktis. Starting November 2020, all company employees were entitled to a special discount. Jay-ar We have not yet sold the goods. We will remit the proceeds as soon as the goods are sold. Merchandise billed for P18,000 were consigned to Jay-ar on December 30, 2020. The goods cost P13,000. Roy We do not owe you P20,000. We already paid our accounts as evidenced by OR # 1234. The sale of merchandise on December 18, 2020 was paid by Roy on January 6, 2021. Roldan Reduce your bill by P1,500 This amount represents freight paid by the customer for the merchandise shipped on December 17, 2020, terms, FOB destination-collect. 448,500 5,000 20,000 12,000 QUESTIONS: Based on the above and the result of your audit, answer the following: 1. The loss from discounting of notes receivable is a. P3,500 c. P1,500 b. P2,000 d. P 0 2. The adjusted balance of Accounts Receivable as of December 31, 2020 is a. P2,479,000 c. P1,729,000 b. P1,739,000 d. P1,744,000 3. The adjusted balance of Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2020 is a. P238,000 c. P668,000 b. P688,300 d. P688,000 4. The amount to be reported as trade and other receivables in the entity’s statement of financial position as of December 31, 2020 is a. P1,970,300 c. P1,965,300 b. P1,950,000 d. P1,945,000 5. When designing audit procedures, tracing of source documents to the customers subsidiary ledger and subsequently to the general ledger is done to satisfy what assertion? a. Valuation c. Completeness b. Cutoff d. Classification PROBLEM NO. 2 In connection with the audit of the financial statements of Praktis Corporation, your audit senior instructed you to examine the company’s accounts receivable. From the schedule of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2020, you determined that this account includes the following: Audit Findings The client failed to record credit memo no. 23 for P12,000. The merchandise was included in the ending inventory at cost. REQUIRED: December 31, 2020 is presented below: 1. 2. Adjusting entries as of December 31, 2020. Adjusted balance of Accounts Receivable December 31, 2020. P387,400 3. Confirmation, which is a specific type of inquiry, is the process of obtaining a representation of information or of an existing condition directly from a third party. Two assertions for which confirmation of accounts receivable balances provides primary evidence are a. Completeness and valuation b. Rights and obligations and existence c. Valuation and rights and obligations d. Existence and completeness 4. 6. of The negative request form of accounts receivable confirmation may be used when the a. b. c. d. 5. as Combined Assessed Level Of Inherent and Control Risk Is Low Low High High Number of Small Balances is Many Few Few Many Consideration by the Recipient is Likely Unlikely Likely Likely Which of the following procedures would an auditor most likely perform for year-end accounts receivable confirmations when the auditor did not receive replies to second requests? a. Review the cash receipts journal for the month prior to year-end. b. Intensify the study of internal control concerning the revenue cycle. c. Increase the assessed level of detection risk for the existence assertion d. Inspect the shipping records documenting the merchandise sold to the debtors. If management refuses to allow the auditor to send a confirmation request, the auditor shall: a. Inquire as to management’s reasons for the refusal, and seek audit evidence as to their validity and reasonableness. b. Evaluate the implications of management’s refusal on the auditor’s assessment of the relevant risks of material misstatement, including the risk of fraud, and on the nature, timing and extent of other audit procedures. c. Perform alternative audit procedures designed to obtain relevant and reliable audit evidence. d. All of these. PROBLEM NO. 3 In connection with your examination of the financial statements of Ringo, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2020, you were able to obtain certain information during your audit of the accounts receivable and related accounts. The December 31, 2020 balance in the Accounts Receivable control account is P837,900. Age 60 days & under 61 to 90 days 91 to 120 days Over 120 days Net debit balance Percentage to be applied after corrections have been made P387,800 1 percent 307,100 2 percent 89,800 53,200 P837,900 5 percent Definitely uncollectible, P9,000; the remainder is estimated to be 25% uncollectible. The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts schedule is presented below: January 1, 2020 November 30, 2020 December 31, 2020 (P837,900 x 5%) Debit Credit Balance P19,700 13,600 P41,895 P55,495 P6,100 Entries made in the Doubtful Accounts Expense account were: 1. A debit on December 31 for the amount of the credit to the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. 2. A credit for P6,100 on November 30, 2020, and a debit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts because of a bankruptcy. The related sales took place on October 1, 2020. There is a credit balance in one account receivable (61 to 90 days) of P11,000; it represents an advance on a sales contract. QUESTIONS: Based on the above and the result of your audit, answer the following: 1. How much is the adjusted balance of Accounts Receivable as of December 31, 2020? a. P837,900 c. P833,800 b. P839,900 d. P822,800 2. How much is the adjusted balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts as of December 31, 2020? a. P25,475 c. P25,255 b. P25,780 d. P41,895 3. How much is the Doubtful Accounts expense for the year 2020? a. P21,180 c. P41,985 b. P20,655 d. P20,875 4. How much is the net adjustment to the Doubtful Accounts expense account? a. P14,920 credit c. P20,875 credit b. P14,615 credit d. P15,140 debit 5. All of the following are examples of substantive tests to verify valuation of net accounts receivable except the a. Re-computation of the allowance for bad debts. b. Inspection of the aging schedule and credit records of past due accounts. c. Comparison of the allowance for bad debts with past records. d. Inspection of accounts for current versus noncurrent status in the statement of financial position. SOLUTION GUIDE #2: An aging schedule of the accounts receivable as of Category Balance Rate Allowance 60 days and under 387,800 1% 3,878 61 - 90 days 318,100 2% 6,362 91 - 120 days 83,700 5% 4,185 Over 120 days 44,200 25% 833,800 Total 11,050 25,475 Total Less COS Gross profit 2018 2019 2020 Total 12/31/17 12/31/20 P61,600 4,800 P66,400 P112,800 7,200 3,200 8,800 P132,000 Inventories 146,400 124,160 20,000 44,000 2018 2019 2020 P595,200 P647,200 P835,200 53,600 60,000 67,200 2,400 P651,200 1,600 P708,800 8,000 P910,400 Cash sales 68,000 104,000 124,800 Cash disbursements for inventory purchased 750,000 728,400 Accounts payable for inventory purchased Cash received on AR in: Applied to: Current year sales Accounts of the prior year Accounts of two year prior Total 581,600 REQUIRED: Based on the above and the result of your audit, compute for the gross profit for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020. SOLUTION GUIDE: 2018 Sales – Cash Sales - Credit 2019 2020 Total 68,000 104,000 124,800 296,800 666,400 721,600 948,000 2,336,000 2,632,800 146,880 165,120 214,560 526,560 2018 3,200 2019 7,200 2020 112,800 595,200 60,000 8,000 666,400 647,200 67,200 721,600 835,200 948,000 PROBLEM NO. 5 The balance sheet of Yoko Corporation reported the following long-term receivables as of December 31, 2019: Note receivable from sale of plant Note receivable from officer P6,000,000 1,600,000 In connection with your audit, you were able to gather the following transactions during 2020 and other information pertaining to the company’s long-term receivables: a. The note receivable from sale of plant bears interest at 12% per annum. The note is payable in 3 annual installments of P2,000,000 plus interest on the unpaid balance every April 1. The initial principal and interest payment was made on April 1, 2020. b. The note receivable from officer is dated December 31, 2019, earns interest at 10% per annum, and is due on December 31, 2022. The 2020 interest was received on December 31, 2020. c. The corporation sold a piece of equipment to Yes, Inc. on April 1, 2020, in exchange for an P800,000 noninterest bearing note due on April 1, 2022. The note had no ready market, and there was no established exchange price for the equipment. The prevailing interest rate for a note of this type at April 1, 2020, was 12%. The present value factor of 1 for two periods at 12% is 0.797. d. A tract of land was sold by the corporation to No Co. on July 1, 2020, for P4,000,000 under an installment sale contract. No Co. signed a 4-year 11% note for P2,800,000 on July 1, 2020, in addition to the down payment of P1,200,000. The equal annual payments of principal and interest on the note will be P902,500 payable on July 1, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024. The land had an established cash price of P4,000,000, and its cost to the corporation was P3,000,000. The collection of the installments on this note is reasonably assured. As a result of your examination, the correct data shown below are available: Accounts receivable balances: Less than one year old One to two years old Two to three years old Over three years old 1,072,800 2,106,240 Balance, 12/31/20 Add collections: The following information is based on the first audit of Paul Company. Prior to January 1, 2018, the client used the accrual method of accounting. From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, only cash receipts and disbursements records were maintained. When sales on account were made, they were entered in the subsidiary accounts receivable ledger. No general ledger postings have been made since December 31, 2018. 825,600 Computation of Credit Sales PROBLEM NO. 4 The client has not prepared financial statements for 2018, 2019, or 2020. During these years, no accounts have been written off as uncollectible, and the rate of gross profit on sales has remained constant for each of the three years. 734,400 QUESTIONS: Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine the following: 1. Noncurrent receivables as of December 31, 2020 a. P9,037,600 c. P6,500,484 b. P7,037,600 d. P6,443,100 2. Current portion of December 31, 2020 a. P2,000,000 b. P2,902,500 3. long-term receivables as c. P2,594,500 d. P 0 Interest income for the year 2020 a. P 854,000 c. P 911,384 b. P1,091,384 d. P1,008,000 of 4. 5. Accrued interest receivable as of December 31, 2020 a. P360,000 c. P514,000 b. P571,384 d. P674,000 Which of the following pairs of accounts would an auditor most likely analyze on the same working paper? a. Notes receivable and interest income. b. Accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable. c. Notes payable and notes receivable. d. Interest income and interest expense. SOLUTION GUIDE #1&2: NR-sale of plant: CA, 12/31/20 Less principal inst. due, 4/1/21 4,000,000 2,000,000 NR-officer, due 12/31/22 NR-sale of equipment: CA, 4/1/20 (P800T x .797) Discount amort. (P637,600x12%x9/12) NR-sale of land: CA, 12/31/20 Less principal inst. due, 7/1/21 Total P902,500 Interest (308,000) Total January 1, 2020 Notes receivable Land Gain on sale of land 2,800,000 594,500 P400,000 200,000 December 31, 2020 Cash Notes receivable Interest income P224,000 P200,000 24,000 Pedro reported the notes receivable in its statement of financial position at December 31, 2020 as part of trade and other receivables. Non-current QUESTIONS: Based on the above and the result of your audit, answer the following: 2,000,000 1. 1,600,000 637,600 57,384 P600,000 2. The correct interest income for 2020 is a. P74,230 c. P70,435 b. P72,809 d. P24,000 3. Profit for 2020 is overstated by a. P50,460 b. P31,130 694,984 The correct carrying amount of the notes receivable at December 31, 2020 is a. P400,000 c. P368,870 b. P345,098 d. P349,540 5. The entity’s working capital at December 31, 2020 is overstated by a. P235,765 c. P182,476 b. P232,936 d. P 0 6,500,484 On January 1, 2020, Pedro Company sold land that originally cost P400,000 to Buyer Company. As payment, Buyer gave Pedro Company a P600,000 note. The note bears an interest rate of 4% and is to be repaid in three annual installments of P200,000 (plus interest on the outstanding balance). The first payment is due on December 31, 2020. The market price of the land is not reliably determinable. The prevailing rate of interest for notes of this type is 14% on January 1, 2020 and 15% on December 31, 2020. c. P54,902 d. P 0 4. 2,205,500 PROBLEM NO. 6 The correct gain on sale of land is a. P103,105 c. P120,061 b. P 94,868 d. P200,000 SOLUTION GUIDE #1: Date P I (4%) Total PVF @ 14% PV, 1/1/20 12/31/20 200T 24T 224T 0.8772 196,493 12/31/21 200T 16T 216T 0.7695 166,212 12/31/22 200T 8T 208T 0.6750 140,400 600T Pedro made the following journal entries in relation to the sale of land and the related note receivable: - now do the DIY drill - 503,105 DO-IT-YOURSELF (DIY) DRILL PROBLEM NO. 1 2. Professional Company produces paints and related products for sale to the construction industry throughout Metro Manila. While sales have remained relatively stable despite a decline in the amount of new construction, there has been a noticeable change in the timeliness with which the company’s customers are paying their bills. The necessary adjusting journal entry to adjust the allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2020 would include a credit to allowance for doubtful accounts of: a. P27,300 c. P49,800 b. P77,100 d. P22,300 3. The company sells its products on payment terms of 2/10, n/30. In the past, over 75 percent of the credit customers have taken advantage of the discount by paying within 10 days of the invoice date. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the number of customers taking the full 30 days to pay has increased. Current indications are that less than 60% of the customers are now taking the discount. Uncollectible accounts as a percentage of total credit sales have risen from the 1.5% provided in the past years to 4% in the current year. An aging analysis of accounts receivable would provide an indication as to the a.Validity of the accounts. b.Integrity of the credit grantors. c. Collectibility of the accounts. d.Solvency of customers. 4. Which account balance is most likely to be misstated if an aging of accounts receivable is not performed? a. Allowance for bad debts. b. Accounts receivable. c. Sales returns and allowances. d. Sales revenue. In response to your request for more information on the deterioration of accounts receivable collections, the company’s controller has prepared the following report: 5. An auditor selects a sample from the file of shipping documents to determine whether invoices were prepared. This test is performed to satisfy the audit objective of a. Accuracy c. Control b. Completeness d. Existence Professional Company Accounts Receivable Collections December 31, 2020 The fact that some credit accounts will prove uncollectible is normal, and annual bad debt writeoffs had been 1.5% of total credit sales for many years. However, during the year 2020, this percentage increased to 4%. The accounts receivable balance is P1,500,000, and the condition of this balance in terms of age and probability of collection is shown below: Proportion to total 64% 18% 8% 5% 3% 2% Age of accounts 1 – 10 days 11 – 30 days Past due 31 – 60 days Past due 61 – 120 days Past due 121 – 180 days Past due over 180 days The accountant of Unjust Inc. presented to you the following details of its subsidiary ledger in relation to your audit of the company’s accounts receivable balance as of December 31,2020: Probability of collection 99.0% 97.5% 95.0% 80.0% Customer Invoice Date Cheap Inc. December 20 December 1 October 11 August 4 Cruddy Co. November 20 September 4 August 2 2,000,000 900,000 500,000 Grubby Inc. December 10 October 4 July 5 1,750,000 600,000 500,000 Paltry Corp. September 9 July 10 March 5 2,600,000 1,250,000 900,000 Nasty co. December 1 (500,000) 65.0% 20.0% At the beginning of the year, the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a credit balance of P27,300. The company has provided for a monthly bad debt expense accrual during the year based on the assumption that 4% of total credit sales will be uncollectible. Total credit sales for the year 2020 amounted to P8,000,000, and write-offs of uncollectible accounts during the year totaled P292,500. QUESTIONS: Based on the foregoing, answer the following: 1. PROBLEM NO. 2 How much is the adjusted balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2020? a. P104,400 c. P49,800 b. P 77,100 d. P27,300 Amount P 550,000 1,200,000 950,000 420,000 Audit notes: The company’s term is n/60 days. The company’s general ledger shows the following balances as of December 31, 2020: Accounts Receivable Allowance for doubtful accounts P13,650,000 (950,000) The credit balance of the receivable resulted from Nasty Co.’s overpayment of its account. The same shall be settled by a delivery of merchandise the following period. You have discovered that Grubby Inc.’s payment of an October 4 invoice amounting to P600,000 was posted against Cruddy Co.’s account for an invoice dated December 4, for the same amount. Discussions with the credit department manager revealed the following appropriate credit policy: Accounts receivable Current 1-60 days past due 61-120 days past due More than 120 days past due Doubtful of collection 2% 5% 20% On January 1, 2020, Vigan Company sold a tract of land. The land, purchased 10 years ago, was carried on Vigan Company’s books at a value of P500,000. Vigan received a noninterest-bearing note for P880,000. The note is due on December 31, 2021. There is no readily available market value for the land, but the current market rate of interest for comparable notes is 10%. On January 1, 2020, Vigan Company finished consultation services and accepted in exchange a promissory note with a face value of P1,200,000, a due date of December 31, 2022, and a stated rate of 5%, with interest receivable at the end of each year. The fair value of the services is not readily determinable and the note is not readily marketable. Under the circumstances, the note is considered to have an appropriate imputed rate of interest of 10%. On January 1, 2020, Vigan Company sold equipment with a carrying amount of P1,600,000 to X Company. As payment, X gave Vigan Company a P2,400,000 note. The note bears an interest rate of 4% and is to be repaid in three annual installments of P800,000 (plus interest on the outstanding balance). The first payment was received on December 31, 2020. The market price of the equipment is not reliably determinable. The prevailing rate of interest for notes of this type is 14%. 50% QUESTIONS: Based on the above and the result of your audit, answer the following: 6. How much is the unreconciled difference between the control account and the subsidiary ledger? a. None c. P20,000 b. P10,000 d. P30,000 7. What is the correct accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2020? a. P14,120,000 c. P14,140,000 b. P14,130,000 d. P14,150,000 8. Assuming that there were no other entries affecting the allowance for bad debts, what is the correct bad debt expense for 2020? a. P369,500 c. P387,500 b. P378,500 d. P396,500 9. What is correct amortized cost of the receivables as of December 31, 2020? a. P12,291,500 c. P12,791,500 b. P12,773,500 d. P12,803,500 10. Which of the following populations should the auditor start from when testing for the completeness of reported sales of a manufacturing company. a. Sales receipts b. Sales invoices c. Sales orders d. Goods dispatch notes PROBLEM NO. 3 The Vigan Company included the following in its notes receivable as of December 31, 2020: Note receivable from sale of land Note receivable from consultation Note receivable from sale of equipment P 880,000 1,200,000 1,600,000 In connection with your audit, you were able to gather the following transactions during 2020 and other information pertaining to the company’s notes receivable: QUESTIONS: Based on the above and the result of your audit, answer the following: (Round off present value factors to four decimal places and final answers to nearest hundred) 11. The consultation service fee revenue that should be recognized in 2020 is a. P1,050,800 c. P 901,600 b. P1,095,800 d. P1,200,000 12. The gain on sale of equipment that should be recognized in 2020 is a. P331,600 c. P412,400 b. P257,280 d. P800,000 13. The noncurrent notes receivable as of December 31, 2020 is a. P2,605,706 c. P2,494,000 b. P1,825,800 d. P2,625,700 14. The current portion of long-term notes receivable as of December 31, 2020 is a. P1,600,000 c. P1,468,200 b. P1,680,000 d. P 800,000 15. The interest income to be recognized in 2020 is a. P464,000 c. P459,500 b. P435,800 d. P156,000 - end of AP.2905 -