ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
DETERMINE THE STRUCTURE OF A SPECIFIC ACADEMIC TEXT
ACTIVITY
• Juan decided to read some references about human behavior for his
assignment on Psychology. Which of the following should he read for his
assignment?
Abstract
In this thesis, "Human behavior on the Internet",
the human anxiety is conceptualized. The following questions
have guided the writing of the thesis: How humans behave
with the Internet technology? What goes in their mind? What
kinds of behaviors are shown while using the Internet? What is
the role of the content on the Internet and especially what are
the types of anxiety behavior on the Internet? By
conceptualization this thesis aims to provide a model for
studying whether humans show signs of less or exacerbated
anxiety while using the Internet. The empirical part of this
thesis was built on new developed model and user study that
utilizes that model. For the user study, the target users were
divided into two groups based on their skill level. The user
study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods.
The qualitative research was conducted using interviews and
observational analysis. The quantitative research was
conducted in three iterations by using questionnaires and
surveys. These results suggest that the significance of human
on using technology would be integral part of such a study.
The study also suggests that Internet has lulled humans with
the sense of dependency to greater extent. In particular, the
results identified seven main areas of human anxiety.
These forms of anxiety require further studies to encompass
human anxiety in more detail.
CALIFORNIA | LOCAL
Human Behavior
February 17, 1989
During my years working in chemistry and inventionprocessing, I used to think that technical progress in the physical
sciences was both the blessing and hope of humankind. Just look at
all the marvelous labor-saving and entertainment devices that
research and engineering have given us! They may soon offer us
round-trip service to the moon! No longer. I now believe that progress
in the field of human behavior is much more important. Researching
human behavior is far more difficult than learning to manipulate the
more predictable electrons.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST: ANALYZE THE GIVEN
ARTICLES ABOVE AND GIVE THE SIMILARITIES AND
DIFFERENCES OF THE TWO USING THE VENN DIAGRAM
BELOW.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
• An indo-European language belonging to the west Germanic branch; the
official language of Britain and the United States and most of the
commonwealth countries.
SPEAKERS
•
English as a first language:
approximations vary between 350 million speakers
•
English as a second language:
up to 375 million speakers
•
English as a foreign language
around 750 million speakers
(according to the British Council)
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES
• Refers to the language and associated practices that people need in order to
undertake study or work in English medium higher education.
• Focuses instruction on skills required to perform in an English-speaking
academic context across core subjects areas generally encountered in a
university setting.
ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Academic text is defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by
experts or professionals in a given field using formal language.
• Academic texts are objective. This means that they are based on facts with
solid basis. The emotions of the authors cannot be felt from texts or materials.
• Academic texts often take years to publish because of intense writing and
review.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
1. Being formal
2. Studied
3. Researched
4. Objective
5. Exact
6. Direct
7. Has the ability to influence its readers
STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Three-part essay structure
• The reader is introduced to the topic that will be discussed and to
the argument that will be presented
• The discussion/analysis is carried out and the results are presented
• The argument is summed up and conclusions are drawn
INTRODUCTION
• To provide the reader with a clear idea of the focus and aim
of the text
• The topic of the essay/article will be presented in the
introduction
• Often accompanied by the thesis statement (the claim that the
writer wishes to make)
INTRODUCTION
• Provide the context/background of the argument
• Introduces the theoretical perspectives, terminology, etc.,
that will be used
• Explains how the writing will be organized.
BODY
• Where the essay’s/ article’s argument, ideas and
results are developed and discussed
CONCLUSION
• Should not contain any new facts or ideas, but rather
function as a brief restatement of the main arguments and
facts that have been treated in the essay
ACADEMIC WRITING
• Process that starts with;
• Posing a question
• Problematizing a concept
• Evaluating an opinion
• Answering the questions posed or
• Clarifying the problem or
• Arguing for a stand
PURPOSES
• To inform
• To argue a specific point
• To persuade
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Complex
Written language has longer words, it is lexically more dense
and it has a more varied vocabulary
Written texts are shorter and the language has more
grammatical complexity, including more subordinate, clauses
and more passives.
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Formal
Should avoid colloquial words and expressions
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Precise
Facts are given accurately and precisely
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Objective
Objective rather than personal
Has fewer words that refer to the writer or reader
Main emphasis should be on the information that you want to
give and the arguments that you want to make rather than you
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Explicit
It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to
the reader how the various parts of the text are related
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Accurate
Uses vocabulary accurately
Most subjects have words with narrow specific meanings
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Hedging
It is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a
particular subject, or strength of the claims you are making
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Responsible
You must be responsible for, and must be able to provide evidence and
justification for, any claims you make.
You are also responsible for demonstrating an understanding of any
source texts you use
ACTIVITY
• Organize the jumbled journal into its correct arrangement based on the parts
of an academic text.
“An integrative review of transitions to school literature”
PARAGRAPH #1
• Finally, the paper reports new perspectives of transitions to school that seek to
address persistent concerns of (dis) continuity within the literature. By
reframing the review findings as relational, practical and policy continuity, the
paper concludes by suggesting ways these concepts could be applied to
innovative approaches to and research about transitions to school.
PARAGRAPH #2
• An integrative literature review critiques and synthesizes representative
literature on a topic in order to reveal new perspectives. An analysis of extant
reviews (2002–2013) of transitions to school literature led to the identification
of four theoretical perspectives of transitions: developmental, ecological,
socio-cultural, and critical; and six recurrent concepts across these
perspectives.
PARAGRAPH #3
• Subsequent to the critique and analysis processes required by an integrative
literature review, the findings revealed three significant shifts across this
period of time: i) ecological and socio-cultural perspectives and relationships
concepts now influence concepts of transitions more strongly than
developmental perspectives and readiness concepts, ii) an evolving
representation of critical perspectives that offers new insights into socially just
approaches to transitions to school, and (iii) the emergence of the concept of
continuity
PARAGRAPH #4
• These perspectives and concepts were used to develop the conceptual
framework for the integrative review of transitions literature published
between 2000 and 2015.