23/10/2021 10:14
My First Time: Citrix Machine Creation Services (MCS)
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My First Time: Citrix Machine
Creation Services (MCS)
By Marco Hofmann posted 09-21-2018 07:50 AM
5
Recommend
Introduction
So today is my very first time: After years of MCS virginity, I decided it’s finally time to
ditch the little farms and try out good ole’ Citrix Machine Creation Services. Over the last
ten years, I almost exclusively installed small deployments. The bigger ones have about
150 concurrent users. All are built upon XenApp 6.5 or XenApp 7.6+ with static persistent
virtual machines. I always told myself that static persistent virtual machines, together with
fully automated patch management (for example: PDQ) are enough. And this is still true,
because the maintenance effort is virtually nonexistent. But, it really bugs me that I’m not
equally familiar with at least one of the provisioning methods. You might ask why I don’t
try to learn PVS instead. Well, the simple reason is that my stomach tells me not to. The
more valid reason is that MCS is included in every XenApp license and doesn’t require
additional infrastructure. And additional infrastructure is always a really big topic for the
customer.
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This blog post won’t be a classical "HowTo" guide, but more of a report on my journey to
help me keep track of what I do. Maybe others suffer the same knowledge gap and are
interested in my findings and the path I take.
Upsides and Downsides from a
Beginner's Perspective
Before this project, when I had no real MCS experience, I always thought about the
following points. Even if they bring no real content to this blog post, I would still like to
write them down before we start. You may skip this part if you like ;-)
Upsides:
I could easily change the count of the XenApp VDA by adding more clones.
The cloned VMs would be 100% identical, compared to the static VMs I use today, which get
unequal over time.
I get some kind of VM or generation versioning through snapshot management, if done
correctly.
MCS RAM cache can help with write IO.
Downsides:
I have no real plan for how to handle Windows, Office and Application Updates. Since MCScloned machines are read-only, I think each change I have now fully automated through
PDQ Deploy would be lost–after a weekly reboot, for example.
Does this mean, instead of (nearly) no work today, I would have to roll-out new updated
snapshots 2-4 times a month manually, to keep the same level I’m used to?
What about updates on weekdays? Every now and then, customers decide to change things
on weekdays. Or, a new Java version breaks a browser application and requires an
immediate update. This will be a lot harder with non-persistent VMs + a catalog update
always requires a reboot, I think.
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Initial Situation
My company’s test environment has the following pre-condition:
VMware vSphere 6.5
Two XenApp 7.15 Delivery Controllers
Different static persistent Windows Server 2012 R2 & 2016 XenApp VDA
An up and running, fully functional Active Directory Environment based on Windows Server
2016
Getting started
Create a Master Image
1. Install a fresh Windows Server 2016 Datacenter virtual machine.
2. Install Hypervisor Tools -> VMware Tools:
setup64.exe /S /v"/qn REBOOT=R"
3. Fully patch the OS (for example with ABC-Update and automated reboots):
ABC-Update.exe /A:Install /S:MSUpdate /R:10 /Log_Append:c:\WSUS.log /Exit:Restart
4. Install the Citrix XenApp Virtual Delivery Agent, for example:
Desktop-Experience
import-module servermanager
Add-WindowsFeature Desktop-Experience
Reboot
RDS
import-module servermanager
Add-WindowsFeature RDS-RD-Server
Reboot
VDA Setup
VDAServerSetup_7.18.exe /quiet /components vda /controllers xa-wms2016-01.int.anaxco.de,
xa-wms2016-02.int.anaxco.de /enable_hdx_ports /enable_hdx_udp_ports /enable_framehawk_po
rt /enable_real_time_transport /enable_remote_assistance /virtualmachine /optimize /nore
boot /logpath C:\
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5. Install the Citrix Workspace Environment Management Agent:
WEM Agent
Citrix Workspace Environment Management Agent v4.04.00.00 Setup.exe /s /v"/qn /norestar
t"
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\ngen.exe update
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\ngen.exe eqi 3
6. Install the Citrix Connection Quality Indicator (CTX220774):
msiexec.exe /i "CitrixCQI.msi" ALLUSERS=1 /qn /norestart /log output.log
7. Install Base Image Script Framework (BIS-F) 6.1.0 -> Documentation
setup.exe /SILENT
1. Import and configure ADMX; example (click on images to enlarge):
2. Provide 3rd party dependencies–I decided on:
1. Delprof2
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2. Citrix Optimizer
8. Apply additional OS optimizations based on your personal style.
An excellent source for for this topic is: Carl Stalhood
I will name a few examples:
1. Disable Hotplug of VMware VMXNET3
2. Remove VMware Tray Icon
3. Black Screen on Windows Server 2016 / CTX225819
4. Set UseProfilePathExtensionVersion registry value to 1
5. Server 2016 desktop icons flickering @ discussions.citrix.com
6. Edit pagefile.sys size
7. Check NTFS permissions on C:\
8. etc.
9. Install some software, for example:
1. 7-Zip
2. Adobe Acrobe Reader DC Classic
3. ASG-Remote Desktop
4. (ControlUp Agent)
5. (ESET AntiVirus + Agent)
6. ESTOS ProCall CTO Client
7. (fslogix)
8. Google Chrome
9. Greenshot
10. MailStore
11. Microsoft Office 365 ProPlus
12. Mozilla Firefox
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13. Notepad++
14. PutTTY + KiTTY
15. TeamViewer
16. VMware Remote Console
17. VMware vSphere Client
18. WinSCP
19. (Zabbix Agent)
10. Get your Computer and User Group Policy Objects in place with everything you need. For
example, remove typical lock-down policies from the Master during creation and later
maintenance:
11. Execute BIS-F to seal and shutdown your Master Image:
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Hint: I had several problems with that step because of very strict Anti-Virus policies.
I had a great discussion at the BIS-F Slack with Matthias Schlimm about this problem.
We narrowed it down to some AppLocker-like behavior, but it turned out we had some
ESET policy in place, which prevented child processes from PowerShell.
The Citrix Studio Hosting Connection
1. Start Citrix Studio and create a new Hosting connection. I will refer to this example for a
VMware vSphere 6.5 Cluster:
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2. Trust the self-signed certificate if necessary:
3. Set up your storage as desired, consult the storage administrator if you need help. IMHO
this decision is not a Citrix Administrators Task:
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4. Select storage LUNs as desired:
Hint: As I had to learn the hard way, selecting all LUNs available wasn’t such a good
idea, and your storage administrator won’t be very pleased. As it turns out, MCS
deploys a clone of your master image on every LUN selected. In my case, I deployed
the VMDK to 17 LUNs while I only intended to get used to MCS with two VMs:
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Turns out MCS needs a read-only disk on every selected LUN, independent from the
VM count. Plan and size accordingly:
Source: Citrix Product Documentation – XenApp Current Release
“
MCS creates a full copy of the snapshot and places the copy on each
storage location defined in the host connection.
”
In the last chapter of this blog post, is a description about how I handled my error.
5. Select the VLANs that will be available when you create the machine catalog. This setting
won’t be used until the catalog is be created. For example:
If you select three VLANs and plan to later provision VMs with one NIC, you have to select
one of these three VLANs for the single NIC. The other two won’t be used. Consult the
network administrator if you need help:
6. Confirm the summary dialogue.
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The MCS Wizard
1. Login to your Hypervisor and create a snapshot manually. The VM should already be
powered off, after you executed the BIS-F script. In my case, this is the Flash Player based
vSphere WebClient 6.5:
2. Create a new Machine Catalog in Citrix Studio:
3. Because I mainly work with XenApp / RDSH / Server OS or whatever you might call it these
days, I select Server OS:
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4. We set up a VMware virtual machine as our master image, so we have a power managed
virtual machine. And as this guide is about MCS, we won’t select PVS. Always keeping
things simple:
5. From the list of VMs, we search our powered off master machine.
Important: In step one we created a snapshot manually! You could select the virtual
machine itself as a source, and this will work without any problems. But you will lose
control over your image management! If you let Citrix Studio do the work for you, all
the snapshots created will have the same name and description.
Source: Citrix Product Documentation – XenApp Current Release
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“ ”
If you selected a master image (rather than a snapshot), MCS creates a
snapshot.
If you do it manually (or maybe scripted sometime later?) you will have control over
the name and the description, which brings you to some form of MCS golden master
image versioning. Always keep track of those versions and the changes made, so
you know exactly where to go, if you ever have to roll back a catalog!
6. Select one of the VLANs you configured in the Hosting connection for the cloned virtual
machines:
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7. The next page is very important, you have four values:
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1. Virtual machine count
The machine count is self-explanatory, just set the number of XenApp workers you
need and you’re set!
2. Total memory for each machine
This depends on your workload. There is no recommendation here other than: Test!
Test! Test!
Either do it manually, or use tools. For example, you could ask your monitoring
administrator (#Zabbix) to provide you with hard facts about your workload. Or use
some industrial standard tools like LoginVSI to simulate a real workload and get
values for a proper sizing. But I can at least provide you with a link to an interesting
blog post about sizing:
Daniel Feller: Sizing Windows 2016, Windows 2012 and Windows 10 Virtual Machines
3. A temporary RAM cache for writing operations
With the release of XenApp 7.9, Citrix introduced a new feature for MCS, previously
only known to PVS: A memory writing cache. This cache handles all writing operation
prior to writing them to the temporary disk. This can deliver a serious IO reduction to
your storage. The amount of RAM you configure here, gets cut from the “Total memory
for each machine” you defined in step 2. So add more total RAM according to the RAM
cache disk size.
You can find a lot more information about this topic in the links I collected in step 5.
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4. A temporary Disk as overflow for the RAM cache
The memory RAM cache disk is limited (in most cases). So lets say you allocate about
2-6 GB memory cache. Depending on your workload, this could fill up sooner or later.
With a small or no overflow disk you will get a Bluescreen #BSOD very fast. The OS
tries to write, runs out of space and crashes. So your overflow disk is there to step in,
if the RAM cache can’t handle the write requests anymore. So if you would like to use
the RAM cache feature, never use it without an overflow disk. A typical suggestion is,
that the disk should be at least the size of the free disk space of your VDA worker.
You can find a lot more information about this topic in the links I collected in step 5.
5. Additional Information about MCS storage optimization
https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2016/08/03/introducing-mcs-storage-optimisation/
https://www.controlup.com/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-citrixmcs-io-acceleration/
https://www.jgspiers.com/machine-creation-services-storage-ram-disk-cache/
8. Now the MCS cloned machines need to have computer accounts in Active Directory. Here
you can select if new or existing accounts should be used. Additionally, you choose the OU
where the computer accounts will be created. Important here is the naming scheme. You
can see my example choice in the screenshot:
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9. Finally, you choose a name for the Machine Catalog. As soon as you click finish, MCS will
start its work:
10. MCS at work in Citrix Studio:
11. Screenshots from VMware vSphere Client 6.5 (HTML5) during the Machine Catalog creation:
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12. After the process finishes, additional offline VMs will be available for use.
13. The machines will stay offline, until Citrix Studio tells them to start up. For example, after
they are assigned to a Delivery Group.
Delivery Group
1. Now that we have machines available, it’s time to create a Delivery Group, so we can access
our work from a user's perspective for the first time. Select Create Delivery Group from
within Citrix Studio:
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2. Select the previously created MCS catalog and enter the number of machines you want to
use. Normally this is equal to the number of virtual machines you created:
3. Select a User or a security group for the Delivery Group if desired:
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4. Publish different applications if desired:
(I presume you know what a published application is, how and why to use it etc.)
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5. Create a published Desktop if desired:
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6. Give the Delivery Group an appropriate name:
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7. And done! By now your previously offline MCS VMs should boot up. After they run through
sysprep and BIS-F (check the log files in the UNC path you configured!), the Citrix VDA will
register itself with the Delivery Controller(s), and your newly-created Apps and Desktops
will be available through Citrix Storefront!
Update Machine Catalog
After our first successful MCS roll-out, it’s time to talk about updates. I personally have no
real practical experience with Machine Catalog Updates. My knowledge here is more
theoretical, based on a lot of reading and many discussions on Slack and community meetups. So there are several challenges to solve in my opinion, just to list a few that come to
my mind:
Cons
1. Compared to static persistent Server OS VDA RDSH VMs, all changes that happen during
the VMs up-time will be “lost” after a reboot. That is because the cloned MCS disks are
read-only. Your classical Software-Deployment Auto Schedules would still work in some way,
like a Java update for example, but as soon as you reboot, that will be reset.
2. Without Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM), no scheduled roll-out
seems to be possible. This is a big disadvantage in my opinion. It seems like PowerShell
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would be the way to go. The Citrix PowerShell CMDlets seem to offer advanced features to
control MCS catalog updates. If this could be solved, any Task Scheduler could solve the
timing problem.
EDIT: I got informed by Jarian Gibson, that the wording in the Rollout Strategy is not
the best, or may be just plain wrong:
This seems to be true, so my initial description is wrong. As detailed in the Citrix
Discussions post, you can schedule a rollout without SCCM. The trick is that the next
VDA reboot has to be initiated through Citrix Studio. This can also be achieved
through a scheduled reboot inside the Delivery Group. More on this later.
Source: https://discussions.citrix.com/topic/368238-mcs-can-i-schedule-a-machinecatalog-update/
Pros
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1. All changes that happened during the VM's uptime, will be lost. From another perspective,
this can also be considered very positive. As VMs will stay very clean and will never
differentiate from each other.
2. In addition to Point 2 from the Cons: You can work on your master image during work
hours, without harming anybody. You can then rollout the image update, but decide for
yourself when to initiate the reboot through Citrix Studio.
The Update Itself
After the Delivery Group was used for some time with success, we have to bring all those
pesky updates that queued up into the master image.
1. Boot up your master VM, if it’s offline.
2. Log in to your master machine via console or RDP.
3. Apply changes as desired. For example: Windows Updates, Office Updates, Application
Updates, Runtime Updates, Citrix VDA Updates and so on.
4. Run BIS-F to seal and shutdown the master image.
5. Login to your hypervisor and manually create a snapshot. Give it a meaningful description
or some kind of versioning.
6. Select “Update Machines” inside Citrix Studio:
7. Select the Machine Catalog you want to update:
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8. Select the Snapshot we manually created and prepared beforehand:
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9. Select a Rollout Strategy. As I mentioned before, this is currently a huge bummer for me, as
I have no environment that makes use of Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager
(SCCM).
This means the only Rollout Strategy I have is: Immediately.
In my understanding, this would translate into: Work each and every Sunday. And I think
we can agree that this I a no-go.
For now, I have to leave this one unsolved, because the purpose of this blog post is to test,
try, learn and study. The obvious answer would be to utilize Citrix PowerShell cmdlets,
scripting skills and a Task Scheduler. But this won’t be covered in this blog post.
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Important: As I mentioned earlier in this blog post: This is wrong!
The description from Citrix in this Wizard is not good. If you select “On next
shutdown” the whole rollout process will start and work out. The trick is, after the
rollout on the hypervisor finished, the reboot has to be initiated through Citrix Studio.
More on this topic in a separate upcoming blog post.
10. Finish the wizard:
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My personal Key findings
1. Use Citrix Optimizer, not VMware Optimizer, or take your time to study VMware Optimizer
real good.
2. Use BIS-F all the time, it won’t hurt and there is no reason not to.
3. You may want to create an OU structure in your Active Directory, that lets you assign
different GPOs to your Golden Master Images, then to your active VDA Worker. For example
you might want to handle Microsoft Office and Windows Updates different on those
machines.
4. Don’t let Citrix Studio create the VM snapshots for you. Make snapshots yourself and give
them meaningful names and a description.
5. Keep an eye on your snapshot chain. Don’t let it grow too long. Some time in the future you
will have to delete old versions.
6. Make yourself familiar with the concept of MCS rolling catalog updates. Keep two catalogs
up and running and roll out catalog updates rotationally. This is the fastest way back, if you
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discover business critical errors in your updated machines.
7. Maybe find a workaround for MCS scheduled machine roll out (no SCCM available). <Proved wrong. Scheduled rollout is possible via Citrix Studio and PowerShell.
8. I really need to take a close look at Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT) -> Check out
@xenappblog Automation Framework for example.
Upcoming content
Thank you for reading one of the biggest blog posts I've ever created. This guide covers
the basics to get started with Citrix Machine Creation Services. But there are future topics
to get covered.
Blog posts that might follow could be:
Citrix Machine Creation Services: Rolling catalog updates
Citrix Machine Creation Services: Rollback Machine Catalog
Citrix Machine Creation Services: Schedule Machine Catalog updates
Citrix Machine Creation Services: Automate the master image update process
Citrix Machine Creation Services: Automate the catalog update
Acknowledgments
A very special Thank You to Jarian Gibson, who helped me a lot with this blog post
through the Citrix CTP mentoring program for Citrix CTA. Without him, the information in
this blog post would be of less quality.
I would also like to thank René Bigler for proofreading this blog post as he has used MCS a
lot longer than me!
#MCS
#XenApp
#VDA
#CTA
Comments
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NALIN UDUWAWALA
06-26-2020 08:50 AM
Hi,
Thanks for this deep dive of this topic. We are planning to move from PVS to MCS
soon and I had no idea what this meant. This article not only gives a flavour of it, it
also very importantly (imo) points out the stumbling blocks. In most projects it's the
stumbling blocks that get you and stop you from finishing off the project on a high. I
don't fully understand everything on this blog yet but several readings of it will get me
there. Just saying MANY THANKS.
ERIC HOSMER
10-03-2018 08:52 AM
There is a Flaw in MCSIO that you need to be aware of, causing
Really bad preformance
FYI - Passing on an info from a Citrix forum thread I have been following
for a while. And can back up with my own discovery the hard way.
“XD MCS I/O Is Crazy Slow!”
https://discussions.citrix.com/topic/395312-xd-mcs-io-is-crazy-slow/
When I migrated from my old SAN to the Pure SAN in June of 2018. Post
migration I still saw erratic Performance with all flash storage using
MCSIO. MCSIO should make even VM's on Flash Storage Better. But I
discovered that MCSIO that “Memory Allocated to Cache (MB):” and “Disk
Cache Size (GB):” make life very bad for every one users and admin's
frustrated by slow login and anything else affected by bad disk IO due to
MCSIO bug.
I was able to identify that use of MCSIO “Memory Allocated to Cache
(MB):” and “Disk Cache Size (GB):” were the issue. And unchecking
these items fixed the bad preformance. Later a user in metioned
Citirx he had confirmed the bug with them and was given a private fix.
What really burns is this bug has been there for almost 2 years affecting
my users.
Even though the Citirx Article specifies versions XenDestop
7.15, this issues is found in all versions of XenDesktop 7.12 to 7.18.
vazques29 | Enthusiast | 18 | Members | 104 posts
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Performance issue with Machine Creation Services Storage Optimization
(MCS I/O)
http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX234814?
_ga=2.103984064.1149560099.1538506080-1934021296.1525786457
Do not use Citrix MCS Storage I/O Optimization for now
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/do-use-citrix-mcs-storage-iooptimization-now-sina-torabi
TOBIAS KREIDL
09-21-2018 10:07 PM
Nice compilation of experiences
This journal that elucidates your "foray" into MCS is really nice, not only
because of the wealth of content, but because it points out various
stumbling blocks and how those were overcome! :-) Mission
accomplished. Thereby, it also points out how the user community can be
such a tremendous help in the process. We truly all learn so much from
each other and the sharing of experiences enriches us all.
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23/10/2021 10:14
My First Time: Citrix Machine Creation Services (MCS)
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