lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Pocky - group assignment Marketing Communication (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology) StuDocu wird von keiner Universität gesponsert oder unterstützt. Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 POCKY IMC PLAN MKTG1266 MARKETING COMMUNICATION CLASS LF02, GROUP NUMBER 02 GROUP MEMBERS: MELANIE MARSHA TEE SHU YAN, S3506206 NG WEI HAO RAINER, S3505980 NG JING YING LYDIA, S3506157 NORMAN DOO HONG YAO, S3505557 SEOH SI YING, S3506129 WONG QI ZHI, S3505603 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Table of Contents 1. 2. Current Situation Analysis.......................................................................................................................4 1.1 Background Research and Analysis................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 SWOT Analysis.......................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Key Marketing Problem or Opportunity........................................................................................................... 7 Key Strategic Decisions............................................................................................................................8 2.1 Marketing Objectives................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Communication Objectives....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Positioning.................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Campaign Target Audience....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Campaign Budget...................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.6 Brand Personality/Character................................................................................................................................ 11 2.7 Integrated Communication Brief (Creative Brief).......................................................................................... 11 3. Creative Strategy.....................................................................................................................................11 3.1 Development of Creative idea........................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Detailed Explanation and Mock-ups............................................................................................................... 12 3.2.1 Advertising...................................................................................................................................12 3.2.2 Pocky Mascots..............................................................................................................................13 3.2.3 Bringing Pocky Van to Singapore................................................................................................13 3.2.4 YouTube Storyboard.....................................................................................................................14 4. Media Strategy........................................................................................................................................16 4.1 Justification of Media and Media Vehicles Selected.................................................................................... 16 4.1.1 Out-Of-Home Media (MRT & Bus Shelter).................................................................................17 4.1.2 Out-Of-Home Media (Bus Shelter)..............................................................................................18 4.1.3 Out-Of-Home Media (Roadshows Campaign).............................................................................19 4.1.4 Print Media (Magazine)................................................................................................................20 4.1.5 Social Media (Facebook Advertising)..........................................................................................20 4.1.6 Social Media (Facebook & Instagram).........................................................................................21 4.1.7 Social Media (Celebrities Endorsement)......................................................................................21 5. 4.2 Media Objectives................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.3 Media Plan/Schedule........................................................................................................................................... 24 Other IMC Activities/Elements/Tools...................................................................................................25 5.1 Selection, Integration & Detailed Explanation / Mock-ups...................................................................... 25 5.1.1 Point of Purchase..........................................................................................................................25 POCKY IMC PLAN 2 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 5.1.2 Promotional Packages..................................................................................................................25 5.1.3 Product Placement........................................................................................................................26 5.1.4 Direct Marketing..........................................................................................................................26 5.1.5 Event Sponsorship........................................................................................................................26 5.1.6 Cause Related Marketing (CRM).................................................................................................26 6. Evaluation and Control..........................................................................................................................27 6.1 Outline Evaluation/Tracking Techniques...................................................................................................... 27 6.2 Demonstrate Possible Corrective Scenario................................................................................................... 28 7. Referencing..............................................................................................................................................29 8. Appendices...............................................................................................................................................31 8.1 Appendix A (Creative Brief)............................................................................................................................... 31 8.2 Appendix B (Peer Evaluation)........................................................................................................................... 33 POCKY IMC PLAN 3 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 1. Current Situation Analysis 1.1 Background Research and Analysis Internal Research & Analysis Ezaki Glico, founded by Riichi Ezaki in 1922 was a company that has two subsidiaries, Glico dairy products and Glico foods. The introduction of its first released its well-known new product in 1966 in a red box named ‘Pocky” to the market was a huge success. This red box consists of a simple chocolate coated on a pretzel-like stick, along with a snapping and crunchy sound while eating it. In 1970, Glico group expands its major product through a new subsidiary, Thai Glico Co Ltd, for international growth and marketing. At that time, there were only 3 flavors available which are chocolate, strawberry and almond. In recent years, Pocky has become known for its innovation of wide varieties of flavors and variation to cater to different regions and parts of the world. Currently, Pocky snacks can be found easily in any supermarkets and even through online stores, which also has been adopted as one of the well-known Japanese snack products [ CITATION Eza151 \l 1033 ]. External Research & Analysis Macro Environmental Factors The external environment refers to the relevant social and physical factors outside the typical boundaries of an organization, which affect managerial decision-making [ CITATION Zha11 \l 1033 ]. It consists of six factors such as political, economic, social-cultural, technological environmental and legal sectors. However we will only be looking at four factors in relation to our entity. Political Singapore is ranked as the top country for several indicators of government efficiency, including government decisions, ease of doing business and adaptability of government policy [ CITATION Tan151 \l 1033 ]. Also, the country’s political stability and strong economic fundamentals provide a favorable operating environment for businesses. Singapore is well known for its transparent and efficient regulatory framework, which provides investors security over contract enforcement and property rights [ CITATION Eur15 \l 1033 ]. Economical Singapore is seen as the number 1 city with the best investment potential, it outranks the world as an investment destination [ CITATION Sin15 \l 1033 ]. With no restrictions on the repatriation of profits and the import of capital, along with the most favorable operating conditions and strong diplomatic ties, Singapore’s stable political and economic climate creates an ideal environment to invest in. POCKY IMC PLAN 4 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Social-cultural In a national report, it was estimated that the average Singaporean worked a total of 46.3 hours a week in 2008. This would roughly translate to an average of eight and half hours of work every weekday, and four hours each weekend [ CITATION Lim10 \l 1033 ]. According to Google (2015) trends, we are able to observe the patterns of Singaporean in relation to Matcha products. It is seen that consumers became more aware of Matcha products in 2015, although it was introduced to the market in 2011. With the understanding of the lifestyles and culture of Singaporeans, we would better be able to cater to their needs be it in terms of communication and the use of marketing techniques. Technological With strong government support, Singapore has become one of the world leaders in Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Internet business usage expanded rapidly in the 2009-2014 period from 74.6% of total businesses in 2009 to 87.6% in 2014. In 2014, 97.7% of total households in Singapore possessed a mobile telephone, up from 96.2% in 2009. This was well above the Asia Pacific average of 87.4%, while remaining below Hong Kong (99.7%) [ CITATION Eur15 \l 1033 ]. Through the numbers, we are able to conclude that more Singaporeans are getting tech savvy, which makes information easily reachable to consumer through the use of online platforms. This can be seen through Pocky’s website, Facebook page and Instagram. Information about the product can now be easily communicated to consumers in a fun and interactive way. Competitive Analysis Perceptual Map POCKY IMC PLAN 5 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Direct Competitor PEPERO is seen as Pocky’s direct competitor as it targets the same market segment and has similar biscuit design. However, Pepero has slightly more varieties of flavor as compared to Mitsuya or Pocky. Besides the regular chocolate, strawberry, plain and cookies & cream flavors, they also have three other interesting flavors. Comparing to other brands, it may be seen as being slightly pricier. (S PEPERO can be found in any leading supermarket and ource: Lotte 2015) confectionary stores. Indirect Competitor MITSUYA Tasty Biscuit Sticks is Pocky’s indirect competitor. Being able to fulfill the same need of consumers should they not be able to purchase Pocky or Pepero, this would be seen as an alternative. However, MISTUYA has only one flavor. Following the same design, the product however differs such that it is a savory snack. MITSUYA tasty biscuits come in two packaging sizes to cater to (So urce: Redmart 2015) those who would want more in a packet, it can also be found in all leading supermarkets and confectionary stores. Consumer Behavior Analysis Consumers who are snack lovers and more adventurous to try out new flavors in food products and therefore always looking out for new variety or option to choose from rather than just sticking to one flavor on its own. Likewise, consumers who always multi-task and prefer food that are easy to eat without hindering their current activities. Brand Evaluation Product - Well known for its coated flavor sticks and not demographically restricted - Low-involvement fast moving consumer good - Pocky sticks with coated flavors in a unique shape for consumption allowing multitasking without getting chocolate on your hands - Small packaging with many sticks per box providing satisfaction and convenience of portability Price - Affordable in the market by anyone of any age group and income level - Not price sensitive Distribution - Pocky is available in more than 30 countries including Singapore - Available in most supermarkets and convenience stalls Promotion Due to the resemblance of the number 1 and the iconic Pocky snack stick-shape, Glico group holds a customer appreciation day of fun events each year on the 11th November POCKY IMC PLAN 6 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 (11.11). However, with the lack of advertising and recent penetration of competitors, resulting in Pocky losing their foothold as the leading choice for stick snacks 1.2 SWOT Analysis Strength Weakness Strong Brand Recognition Pocky, a subsidiary of Glico Group is one of the most famous stick snacks globally Non Significant Differentiated Pocky sticks are not significantly differentiated with major competitors Good Brand Packing Simple red plain packaging allows consumers to recognize the brand easily Lack of Marketing Advertising Pocky lack advertising which results in low awareness Innovative Having continuous R&D to create new flavor cater to different consumers Easily to Obtain Available in most convenience stalls and supermarket Opportunities Threats Increase in Flavors Available Due to the growing trend in new flavors, Pocky can widen its product range by having more varieties Health-Conscious Consumer Snacks portrays to be unhealthy and considered in a ‘Junk Food’ which results in some consumer avoiding it Marketing Activities Pocky can increase its marketing activities in different platforms to gain more brand awareness Active Promotions Pocky can provide more promotion to gain a larger market share and brand loyalty Competitive Market in Snacks’ Industry Due to the competitive market, competitors could easily learn the new market trend and create their own new product or flavors to attract consumers 1.3 Key Marketing Problem or Opportunity Marketing Problem Being in the market for so many years, Pocky has gain lots of recognition and regular consumers in purchasing their products. However, in recent years, due to the penetration of more competitive brands such as Pepero and Mitsuya tasty biscuit with strong branding equity in the snacks industry, consumers have the choice of choosing different categories of flavors and options of brands available. Similarly, as Pocky is considered a fast moving consumer goods with low involvement, consumers would normally grab the snacks they are craving for or whichever at a lower cost and make their purchase. With the lack of marketing advertising and promotion, many consumers do not have the knowledge and information about the POCKY IMC PLAN 7 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 upcoming new flavors that Pocky had introduced into the market. Instead, ‘snacks’ has relatively been considered and position as unhealthy and falls under the junk food category. Marketing Opportunity With the upcoming trend of Matcha Green Tea flavor in the market, Pocky will take the opportunity of this campaign to introduce and penetrate the Matcha Green Tea Flavor into the market with the help of using various media strategies and sales promotion to advertise and create brand awareness. Furthermore, Pocky will emphasis on the slogan and theme to consumers when they are snacking away with the Matcha Green tea flavor and it will change the customer's’ taste and perception towards Pocky, thus satisfying customers’ cravings. 2. Key Strategic Decisions 2.1 Marketing Objectives Pocky’s marketing objective is to increase sales, at a constant rate, by 30% in the following years and for sales to go up by 30 million of yen in the current fiscal year. This can be done through having effective marketing strategies such as advertising which in turn would increase our brand and product awareness, by the end of our campaign. Based on Glico Annual Report 2013, analysis shown that there has been an increase in sales in the confectionary category from year 2011 to 2012 globally. Sales in 2011 was seen at ¥81,599 million and ¥83,112 million in the following year, 2012, amounting to a 1.9% increase [ CITATION Eza13 \l 1033 ]. As this IMC campaign is targeted based in Singapore, in order for sales to go up by 254 million of yen (SGD $3 Million), we are aiming to sell 2 million units of Pocky by the end of our campaign, having a positive net revenue. 2.2 Communication Objectives Through the launch of Matcha Pocky and with the use of various advertising platforms such as Facebook and Instagram we are aiming to increase brand awareness by 30%. The effectiveness of our campaign at gaining product awareness can be measured through detailed research analysis on the various communication platforms. Different platforms to communicate to consumers will be further elaborate in Creative and Media Strategy. 2.3 Positioning Our distinctive benefit for Matcha Pocky is the fun and enjoyable moments while eating Pocky, sharing the joy with their family and friends. In addition, the affordable green-tea flavored biscuit stick also adds on a significant value to the increasing trend of Matcha-lovers. POCKY IMC PLAN 8 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Positioning Statement: “Pocky is about sharing happiness with friends, family, colleagues anyone, anytime, anywhere! With plenty of sticks in each box, Pocky is the perfect snack for bringing people closer together and livening the mood.” With the introduction of the newly flavored Matcha Pocky through our marketing communication campaign, consumers who are open to experiential benefits of new creations and taste would be highly attracted to purchase this product. 2.4 Campaign Target Audience Our target audiences are likely to be young female adults, ranging from age 16 to 25 (mostly junior college, polytechnic, university students, and fresh graduates who just started working). Female consumers are likely to have impulse buying behavior, which are associated with hedonistic consumption, and improving their mental status [ CITATION Sig12 \l 1033 ]. In addition, it is suggested that women are likely to be influenced by social pressure, shown to have a higher tendency and intention of consuming confectionary snacks, are, while men are not [ CITATION YeL12 \l 1033 ]. Therefore, our promotional campaigns are likely to target on female consumers who enjoys hedonism consumption and sweet snacks. Behavioral Sequence Model The involvement of products influences the motivational factor of consumer’s buying behavior towards a product or brand. Studies have shown that consumers who are less involved and knowledgeable are more likely to make repeat purchase on low involvement goods than highly involved consumers[ CITATION YeL12 \l 1033 ]. As seen from the table below, informational search may not need to be included as Pocky is seen as a low involvement good. However should a need arise, the female consumers who are to purchase and consume the product are likely to consider alternatives before making a purchase. POCKY IMC PLAN 9 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 What Need Arousal (Problem Recognition) Information search & Evaluation of Alternative (Brand Consideration) Selection & Purchase Usage & Evaluation of Purchase Who (Individuals involved) Individuals Age: 10 - 35 years old Individuals Age: 16 - 25 years old Individuals Age: 16 - 25 years old Individuals Age: 10 – 35 years old Where (Location) Supermarkets Confectionery/ Convenience stores Workplace School Home Leading supermarkets Confectionery/ Convenience stores Leading supermarkets Confectionery/ Convenience stores When (Timing) Cravings After Meals (1pm-3pm) Point of Sale Shopping Immediately, when need arises Point of Sale After evaluating alternative brands Promotional Period Point of Sale How (Decision Process) Word-of-mouth Printed advertisements Video advertisements Point of Sale Free Pocky from Pocky Van Social Media Campaign Point of Sale Word-of-mouth Advertisements Free Pocky samples (Pocky Van) Word-ofmouth External Stimulus (Sight of other consumers snacking on Pocky) Printed advertisement Video advertisement Point of Sale Free Pocky from Pocky Van Home Workplace School Cravings After Meals (1pm3pm) Point of Sale Shopping EvaluationAfter consumption of Pocky Free Pocky samples (Pocky Van) Point of Sale Evaluation (Wordof-mouth) Recommend Pocky to friends if satisfied With fast paced lifestyle that Singaporeans are living, youths and young adults prefer food that are easily edible without hindering their work, studies or online entertainment. In addition, Pocky is seen as a low involvement, fast moving consumer good, which is affordable, and not price sensitive to our targeted audience. Therefore, these groups of consumers who are not particularly brand loyal and are brand switchers for low involvement goods are likely to associate the Pocky with their “Top-of-Mind-Awareness (TOMA)”. Through an appropriate and detailed marketing campaign, we aim to recreate the cognitive element of our POCKY IMC PLAN 10 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 consumers, increasing their brand awareness of Pocky while inducing them to place Pocky in their evoked set. 2.5 Campaign Budget We will use the Percentage-of-Sales Budgeting method by setting aside 30% ($900,000) of the sales target $3 million and using it on the Advertising Components. The advantage of using the Percentage-of-Sales Budgeting method is that it considers affordability and the equality with their competitors are maintained [ CITATION Hav05 \l 1033 ]. Advertising Components Amount Breakdown Out-Of-Home Media (MRT & Bus Shelter) $467,800 Out-Of-Home Media (Roadshows) $233,000 Print Media $22,800 Social Media (Facebook Advertising) $24,000 Social Media (Celebrities Endorsement) $12,200 Other IMC Activities $96,000 Total Cost $855,800 2.6 Brand Personality/Character The fundamental basis, which deeply illustrates the disposition of Pocky, would be Sincerity. Pocky is being closely concomitant with the concept of the energetic, vivacious and fun-loving characteristics of an individual’s inner-child. It also corresponds to the joyous experience of sharing and social unity by consuming the flavor coated biscuit with friends for any occasion. The idea strongly translates into Pocky’s slogan - “Share Happiness”, leaving optimistic impressions with regards to the brand image. This is assisted by the packaging as well as roadshows portraying bright, colorful visuals with a lively ambience, in order to reach out and acquaint with the target audience. 2.7 Integrated Communication Brief (Creative Brief) Kindly refer to Appendix A 3. Creative Strategy 3.1 Development of Creative idea Our creative strategy are strongly connected to Pocky’s distinctive benefits of hedonism, giving our consumers a symbolic experiential benefits of having fun and joyfulness through sharing the Pocky sticks to their loved ones, spreading love and happiness. POCKY IMC PLAN 11 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 There will be a series of promotional activities, starting with a social media campaign through Facebook and Instagram to spread positive Word-Of-Mouth, together with advertisements in various public transport, followed by roadshow event in different parts of Singapore and also in print media. Peripheral cues such as the appearance of Pocky Vans at various campuses, as well as the endorsement by Social Media celebrities, Andrea Chong and Wahbanana, will arouse consumers’ curiosity and enhances their motivation to attend to our message objective. As our advertisements will be placed in public transports like Mass Rapid Transportation (MRT) and selected bus stop shelter in Singapore where consumers will pass by frequently, this helps to enhance the consumers’ opportunity to encode the information when they see the advertisements. Our consumers will have the ability to create knowledge structures by participating our roadshow campaigns spread positive word-of-mouth on the brand. Emphasis will also be placed on introducing the new Pocky Matcha Green Tea flavor, and joy from sharing happiness with our Pocky sticks. Our tagline - “Share Happiness”, creates an emotional connection between the brands that highlight the importance of sharing Pocky sticks and creating happiness. Through constant exposure of our various marketing communication campaigns, it is likely to increase the brand awareness of Matcha Pocky and reach consumers “Top Of Mind Awareness (TOMA)” when they recall Matcha-coated stick biscuit. With high elaboration likelihood, consumer’s central route will be activated to feel positive about Pocky’s brand attributes and benefits, and thereafter building strong brand equity for Pocky. 3.2 Detailed Explanation and Mock-ups 3.2.1 Advertising Public transport advertisement has been one of the greatest advertising tools to communicate ideas in advertisements to commuters while they are waiting for the train or bus. Promotional advertisements will be put up at MRT platform screen doors, open space concept floor print, in-train panels, and on bus stop billboards at various campuses and town areas in Singapore. Print Media are one of the most effective traditional advertising media to reach our target audience and deliver our main ideas. We will be advertising on one of the Singaporeans’ go-to guides for their weekly fix of showbiz and lifestyle news magazine, to effectively deliver our message to our target audience. 3.2.2 Pocky Mascots We will be introducing Pocky Mascots in this six months campaign. It will be seen as posters in MRT and also real-life in our roadshow events to attract POCKY IMC PLAN 12 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 attention and bring out the liveliness in the campaigns. The use of Matcha Pocky mascot helps to reemphasis on the new flavor, as well as promoting awareness on Matcha Pocky. 3.2.3 Bringing Pocky Van to Singapore Pocky Van has always been the iconic feature during Pocky’s promotions in Japan. Therefore, we decided to bring the vans into Singapore for our roadshow events, where consumers can easily spot the bright red van to get free packet of Pocky. POCKY IMC PLAN 13 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 3.2.4 YouTube Storyboard As one of the up-rising YouTube Channel in Singapore, Wahbanana’s humorous and creative skits has captured the hearts of many Singaporean viewers as being relatable to their personal life. Many companies (e.g. Oreo, SG50 Game App, Shoppe) have also hired them to advertise their products in their video as publicity. Therefore, we will endorse Wahbanana to do a video skit to publicize on the Pocky events and campaigns. The figures below are some skits for Wahbanana, to build brand awareness for Pocky. The crews of Wahbanana (Fish, Jason, Audrey, Terrence, Eden and Chrysan) will present a video skit on - 10 Fun Facts of Pocky, in which the casts will act humorously in the 10 scenarios that people can have fun with Pocky. Storyboard 1 Title: 1. Fun ways of eating Pocky Scene 1: SFX: Snap sound from Pocky Biscuit (Close Shot): Fish giving a “Pocky Snap” with a flick of the wrist and joyful arm gesture. Scene 2: SFX: Nibble sound from breaking the Pocky Stick continuously (Close Shot): Jason creating some music while nibble ups a beat with Pocky Scene 3: (Wide Shot): Audrey, Fish and Terrence standing behind Eden, who is presented with a Pocky birthday cake SFX: Everyone singing birthday song for Eden. POCKY IMC PLAN 14 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 (Source: Wahbanana, 2015) To promote our Pocky Roadshow events and social media campaigns, the last 2 skits (Number 9 and 10) of the storyboard illustrate how consumers can participate in the Pocky Instagram Hashtag Contest to win a trip to Tokyo, and about the Pocky events, where consumers can get free packet of Pocky, and have fun in the event. Storyboard 9 S Title: 9. Have Fun in Pocky Event cene 1: (Wide Shot) Terrence and Eden sitting lazily on the couch while watch the television. (Eden on the Right) Hey Terrence! Let’s try the new Pocky flavor - Matcha Pocky! (Close Up) Matcha Pocky (Terrence on the Left) What’s fun with Pocky? I am still bored... Scene 2: (Close Up) Chrysan appears suddenly and saw them still idling in the house. (Chrysan) Oh my god guys! Why are you 2 still here? (Wide Shot) Eden and Terrence turn their back and saw her standing behind. (Chrysan) You guys still don’t know about the Pocky Event that is happening right now? You’ll get lots of fun activities, and even free packet of Pocky from the Pocky Van! (Source: Wahbanana, 2015) Scene 3: (Close Up) Eden and Terrence look astonished. (Eden and Terrence) What are we waiting for? Lets go! POCKY IMC PLAN 15 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Storyboard 10 Scene 1: (Wide Shot) Audrey taking selfies of herself posing with Matcha Pocky. Title: 10. Win Great Prizes Scene 2: Scene 3: (Close Shot) Audrey uploading the selfie onto (Wide Shot) Audrey posing for camera with the Instagram. board stating that she has won the grand prize of a (Audrey) Now I am going to upload this onto trip to Japan. Instagram and I hope I will win the prize! (Source: Wahbanana, 2015) 4. Media Strategy 4.1 Justification of Media and Media Vehicles Selected Our Pocky’s advertisements and campaigns will be delivered through various mediums from traditional media to new media. Traditional media include Out-Of-Home (OOH) media (e.g. Platforms Screen Doors, In-Train Panels, Bus Shelter Billboard, and Roadshow Campaigns) and Print media (e.g. Magazines). New Media include Social Media (Facebook Side Banner Advertising, Pocky Official Facebook Page, Instagram) and Social Media Celebrity Endorsement (Andrea Chong, Wahbanana). POCKY IMC PLAN 16 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 4.1.1 What Where When Why How Out-Of-Home Media (MRT & Bus Shelter) Stickers on platform screen doors, concept pillars and floor Dhoby Ghaut Station January – February 2015 Mass Rapid Transport (MRT) is one of the main modes of transportation in Singapore with an average daily ridership of 2.7 million and an average commuting time of 42 minutes (SMRT 2015). Dhoby Ghaut station is the largest station, located near the central district in Singapore, and it serves as an interchange station for North East Line, North West Line and Circle Line. Therefore, there will be a higher percentage that our target audience will be exposed to the advertisements, increasing brand awareness There will be a 22m x 7m floor sticker of Pocky logos and stickers of our Pocky Mascots, fully wrapped on the four pillars beside the travelator at Dhoby Ghaut. It will definitely catch the attention of commuters passing by. Also in Dhoby Ghaut station, there will be Pocky “Share Happiness” stickers on the platform screen doors at the red line. Commuters taking red line at Dhoby Ghaut will be exposed to Pocky’s advertisements twice, increasing brand recall. What Where When Why How Promotional stickers on the in-train panels In all East West Line trains February - April 2015 With high volumes of commuters travelling daily, there will be higher rate that our target audience will be exposed to the promotional stickers on the in-train panels and will definitely be aware of the upcoming Pocky roadshow events. The promotional stickers will outline the dates of the roadshows events with a header of “Join us at Pocky events to get a Free Pocky!” We use the word “Free” to capture the attention of commuters. POCKY IMC PLAN 17 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 4.1.2 What Where When Why Out-Of-Home Media (Bus Shelter) 2-Sided 6-Sheet Poster In various Bus Stop Shelter in Singapore April – June 2015 Bus is an essential public transport in Singapore, with the highest average daily ridership of 3.7 million among other public transportation. Bus services has an average waiting time of 10 to 20 minutes, which allow commuters to have sufficient time to read the description on the billboards while they wait for their buses. How To promote our Pocky Instagram Hashtag Contest, there will be two 6 sheets on both side of the billboards as shown in the images above being distributed near school campuses and town areas in Singapore. The minimalist advertisements, as shown in the first image, will be placed outward of the bus stop, facing the direction of the traffic. Using the idea ‘less is more’, the minimalist advertisement will not only catch the attention of public walking past the bus stop, it will also attract the attention of the drivers or passengers of vehicles. The second image will be placed inward of the bus stop, in the direction where public will look at while they are waiting for their buses. It will describe about our Instagram Hashtag Contest in detail. Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 4.1.3 What Where When Why How Out-Of-Home Media (Roadshows Campaign) Pocky Van, Campaign Posters, Social Media Celebrity Host, Games Booths *SCAPE Playspace, Entrance of Bedok Mall and Jurong Point Shopping Centre Basement 1 February – June 2015 Roadshows campaign is one of the most effective ways to promote publicity and spread brand awareness among public. Therefore, in order to reach out our target audience, we will be locating our roadshow campaigns in areas where most of our target audience will hang out in. Moreover, by giving out free Pocky, we bring out our tagline, “Share Happiness”. Prior to the official Pocky roadshow campaigns, our campaigns posters will be placed in various school compounds (Local Polytechnics, Junior Colleges, Local and Private University), to increase the awareness of the event. Pocky Vans will also be allocated in selected school campus on the week of the event (Monday to Friday), around 11.30 to 2pm. Public who are able to spot the Pocky Van will be entitled a free packet of Pocky once they share our campaign poster on their Facebook page. *SCAPE Playspace (14/2), Entrance of Bedok Mall (3/4), Jurong Point Shopping Centre B1 (6/6) There will be three roadshow campaigns with an interval of 6-7 weeks. Each campaign will be on a Saturday, from 12pm to 8pm. All the booths and decorations will be set up one day before the official event. Various games (Toss the Ring, Mug Slide, Balloon Dart Board, etc.) will be available. As our Pocky Van will be at the roadshows to distribute free packet of Pocky (while stocks last), the Pocky crew will also hand out a “Game Card” as shown in the image below, together with the free Pocky to the public. The public can top up this card from the “Card Top-Up” booth located near the games booth, to play the games. Public can stand a chance to win the lucky draw prizes (1st: $5,000, 2nd: $2000, 3rd: $500, and 10 $50 CapitaLand Voucher) when they top up the “Game Card” with a minimum of $10. There will be free photo booth whereby the public can receive instant photos and share the photos through their social media platforms. Sales promotion of our Pocky packaged in twin packs and triple packs will be sold at a discounted Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 price. (Source: dreachong Twitter and Matthew Stewart Instagram and, 2015) We will invite Social Media Celebrity, Andrea Chong on 14 February and the crew from Wahbanana on 3 April and 6 June, to be our host for our roadshow campaigns. They will host the event from 5pm to with 8pm, and engage in interactive games the public. 4.1.4 Print Media (Magazine) (April 2015) 8 Days has an estimated total readership of 121,000. By advertising in 8 Days Magazine, it not only can reach out to our target audience, it can also attract potential consumers of our product as it is voted as one of Singaporeans’ favorite entertainment magazine. A simple advertisement introducing our new Matcha flavored Pocky will be placed on the full back cover of 8 Days magazine. 4.1.5 Social Media (Facebook Advertising) (April – June 2015) Facebook is the most popular social network used by Singaporean, with 3.2 million active users [ CITATION Kem14 \l 1033 ]. Facebook advertising features allows our advertisements to reach our target audience (Age Group) with demographic targeting, increasing the chance of our Pocky Singapore Facebook page “Likes”. Advertisements as shown on the right will appear on the right side banner of our targeted audience’s Facebook News Feed. When our target audiences click on the advertisement, they will be directed to our Official Pocky Website whereby full details of our contest will be clearly written. We will be using Cost per click (CPC) to fully utilize our marketing budget for this six months campaign. 4.1.6 Social Media (Facebook & Instagram) (January – June 2015) With increasing numbers of Singapore using social media, it is important to utilize this form of media in order to interact and keep the user update of the latest information and news. Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Pocky Singapore official Facebook and Instagram page will be used as a platform to publicize our new flavor, Matcha, and to update the consumers of our upcoming roadshows events and contests. Facebook will be used as a platform to update consumers regarding the latest events and promotions and interact with the consumers. Consumers are able to like and share the page or pictures with their friends. Instagram will focus on the monthly “Pocky Hashtag Contest” whereby consumers will take a photos of them with a packet of Matcha flavored Pocky or the Matcha Pocky itself and hashtag #PockyMatchaSG2015. The photos with the most “Likes” by viewers and the most creative idea will stand a chance to win a pair of ticket to Tokyo. Our Pocky’s Instagram Team will choose the winner of the contest. 4.1.7 Social Media (Celebrities Endorsement) (February 2015) Andrea Chong, also known as @dreachong in her social media network, is only 23 years old but is now a well-known fashion and travel blogger. She was recently featured in Her World Singapore 55 Millennials. Her Instagram has an estimated of 206,000 followers, and most of her followers are our target audience. Andrea will be invited as the host for our first Pocky roadshow campaign during the month of February. Before the roadshow campaign, Andrea will post a series of photos on her Instagram to let her followers know that she will be attending, spreading brand and event awareness to her followers. (April – June 2015) With estimated 545,000 subscribers, 94.3 million views and experience in creating numerous comedy skits for many brands, Wahbanana YouTube channel will be a perfect platform to convey a fun and entertaining YouTube skits regarding Pocky [CITATION Wah15 \l 1033 ]. A rough YouTube storyboard of “10 Fun Facts of Pocky” will be drawn and given to the Wahbanana crew. The crew will then be in charge of filming according to the storyboard and present it in a humorous way. The video of estimated 4 minutes, will be posted on Wahbanana YouTube Channel on the week of the second Roadshow Campaign happening at Bedok Mall, where they will be invited as host for the event from 5pm to 8pm. They will also be invited for the last Roadshow Campaign at Jurong Point. Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 4.2 Media Objectives The media objective is to create awareness within our target audience, achieving a reach of 75% at least three times over the six-month period using continuity advertising scheduling approach, whereby equal amount of media weight levels will be distributed throughout the months. In order to reach our objective, we will be using a combination of various media vehicles, Out-Of-Home Media (MRT & Bus Shelter) different medium throughout six months, Out-Of-Home Media (Roadshows) every 7 weeks, Print Media for 4 weeks, Social Media (Facebook Advertising) for two months, and Social Media (Celebrity Endorsement) for 2-3 weeks. Media Vehicles’ Frequency and Cost Estimated Media Vehicles Used Out-Of-Home Media Frequency and Cost Estimated Public Transports Advertisements will be displayed for the whole of 6 months, (MRT & Bus Shelter) with different advertisements displayed at different locations on different times. The cost of production and ad period cost is based on a 1-month period. (Cost of Production + Ad Period Cost) x Number of Months Dhoby Ghaut Concept Pillars: $92,000 x 2 = $184,000 MRT Platform Screen Doors: $33,000 x 2 = $66,000 MRT In-Train Panels: $19,600 x 3 = $58,800 Bus Stop Shelter: $53,000 x 3 = $159,000 Out-of-Home Media Total: $467,800 Roadshows will be held on one weekend during the month of February, April and (Roadshows) June. Cost of purchasing a custom made Pocky Van is $170,000 (Inclusive of COE), Cost of renting a location is approximately $8000 (Weekends) and the cost of setting up booths for the 3 months is approximately $39,000. (Cost of Renting Location) x Number of Days Cost of Rental (Weekends) for the 3 Months: $8,000 x 3 = $24,000 Cost of Setting up Booths: $39,000 Cost of Pocky Van = $170,000 Total: $233,000 Print Media Magazine (8 Days) will be the only print media used for advertising and it will only be published on the month of April. As 8 Days issue on weekly basis, the cost of production is calculated as per issue. Cost of Production for Outside Hard Cover (Color) x Number of Week: $5,700 x 4 = $22,800 Total: $22,800 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Social Media Facebook advertisements are based on the using either the Cost Per Click (CPC) (Facebook or Cost Per Thousand (CPM) method. In this case we will use the CPC method. Advertising) We set our own budget for per day and once the number of clicks reached our budget per day, it will stop. We expect viewers to click a day (400 clicks) multiplied by the Cost per click ($1.00). The Facebook advertisement will be displayed at the last 2 months (May – June). Cost per Click = $1.00 Budget per Day = $400 (Budget per Day) x Number of Days $400 x 60 Days = $24,000 Total Cost: $24,000 Social Media Andrea Chong and Wahbanana will be hosting the 3 Roadshows event: Andrea (Celebrities Chong (1 roadshow on February), Wahbanana (2 roadshows on April and June). Endorsement) Instagram post endorsement for Andrea Chong will post twice a week within the 2 weeks on the month of February. YouTube endorsement for Wahbanana will be shown once a week with April showing twice and June once. Andrea Chong (Cost of Hire as Emcee x Number of Roadshows): $200 x 1 = $200 Instagram Post Endorsement: (Cost per Post x Number of Posts): $1000 x 4 = $4000 Wahbanana (5 Members) [(Cost of Hire as Emcee x Number of Members) x Number of Roadshows] ($200 x 5) x 2 = $2000 YouTube Video Endorsement: (Cost of Endorsement x Number of Times): $2000 x 3 = $6000 Total: $12,200 Grand Total for Media Vehicles: $759,800 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 4.3 Media Plan/Schedule Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 5. Other IMC Activities/Elements/Tools 5.1 Selection, Integration & Detailed Explanation / Mock-ups 5.1.1 Point of Purchase Pocky will invest in an interactive Point of Purchase element, such as a 3D standee. These will be stationed at 15 major FairPrice Finest outlets to maximize brand awareness by influencing product and brand selections. It will incorporate images of our celebrity endorsement, Wahbanana, to reinforce memory from the influential local YouTube channel. Items such as the limited edition collector’s gold box (further explained under Promotional Packages) and samples of the Matcha Pocky will be displayed on the standee, alongside the other regular flavors that are already readily available. 5.1.2 Promotional Packages These bundles can be packaged in twin packs or triple packs of Pocky at a discounted pricing. The reason for packing them this way is so that sales volume will increase, and also to increase overall sales figures. This will also induce a spirit of sharing, as one person may want to get the best bang for their buck, but is unable to finish all two or three packs, hence he/she may share with friends. In addition to the combo packs, a sticker will come with each individual pack. When consumers have purchased eight packages and collected eight stickers, they are entitled to redeem a limited edition collector’s gold box (limit to 1,000 boxes), redeemable at redemption counters of participating supermarkets. Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 5.1.3 Product Placement Pocky will conduct negotiations with its distribution outlets to allow optimal placements of our products, such as at eye level and at corners of shelves. This will increase sales, as it “pops out” to the average shopper, reducing search times and amplifies potential impulse purchases among customers. 5.1.4 Direct Marketing Pocky Mascots will be deployed at the various marketing activities and at the ‘Pocky Run’ as shown below, to create brand awareness. Pocky Mascot, a prominent and outstanding figure, would efficiently capture and arouse interest within potential customers. 5.1.5 Event Sponsorship As our target audience is largely young female adults, coincidentally coupled with the local craze of joining running events, the ‘Pocky Run’ will have the largest scope of effect in generating awareness. The run will house up to 10,000 participants. Goodie bags containing Pocky merchandise and the new Matcha Pocky will be given out to all participants. In addition, participants who sign up for the run in groups of 4 or more will be entitled to group registration discount rates. This is to encourage friends to spread the word-of-mouth to join the run, and is by far the most cost effective and efficient way of maximizing turnout rates and our new product’s awareness. 5.1.6 Cause Related Marketing (CRM) As part of our marketing campaign, Pocky will be extending their services to the less fortunate, so as to give the slogan of ‘Share Happiness’ a humanity factor, beyond the business context. This commercial initiative by which Pocky and the social organization pairs up in a partnership bolsters Pocky in a positive outlook, showcasing the company's willingness to go beyond just to provide for the needy. Pocky will be working closely with the organization ‘Children’s Society’, where they conduct events such as ‘A Little Kindness, Lots of Joy!’, which celebrates the spirit of giving [ CITATION Chi15 \l 1033 ]. As these events are seasonal, Pocky will be involved in future similar events by providing free Pocky snacks to the children who are less fortunate. Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Other IMC Activities’ Cost Estimated Other IMC Activities Cost Estimated 3D Standee (Production Cost) x Number of Outlet: $2,000 x 15 = $30,000 Total: $30,000 Pocky Gold Box (Production Cost) x Number of Boxes: $15 x 1000 = $15,000 Pocky Run Total: $15,000 Pocky Run event (Limited to 10,000 participants) and chip timing cost will be calculated in bulk (10,000). (Cost of 1 Shirt) x Number of Participants Shirt: $3 x 10,000 = $30,000 Chip Timing Cost: $500 (Production Cost) x Number of Participants Medal: $2 x 10000 = $20,000 Course Certification & Event Insurance: $500 Total: $51,000 Grand Total for Other IMC Activities: $96,000 6. Evaluation and Control With the use of several research techniques, it is necessary for Pocky to access, evaluate and monitor the progress on the IMC campaigns ensuring that it is well coordinated and that it has met its objective requirements. 6.1 Outline Evaluation/Tracking Techniques Objectives Evaluation and Tracking Techniques Branding and As the main objective of the campaign is to create brand awareness for Pocky and Campaign Awareness its new Matcha Green Tea Flavour, it is essential to identify how much exposure is done. Different marketing social media platform could be used such as Facebook and Instagram. From the social media, we can determine the number of exposure from posts and likes in each categories by consumers. In addition, a website tracker could be used to identify the number of consumers and times they had viewed or shared in the online page. Another method could be obtained by collecting stickers which in terms of repeat purchase and brand loyalty. With a higher number of redemptions of sticker cards could determine the number of repeat purchase. Response and To identify if the New Matcha Green Tea flavour is appealing and satisfying to the Feedbacks on Flavours customers and target market, a survey research analysis could be used to gather and Events more data and information. In addition, the survey can include on the Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 effectiveness towards the campaigns and events that brings the message across to consumers. Surveys could be carried out online in the social media pages to participants which minimize cost at the same time. Sales and Profits The reason for creating brand awareness is such that sales and profit revenue could escalate. Method used could be the tracking of monthly sales figures and calculating the difference between the marginal cost and profits to evaluate the success for the events and campaigns. 6.2 Demonstrate Possible Corrective Scenario Objectives Corrective Action Scenario Branding and Through the analysis of the amount of shared and likes in each social media page, Campaign Awareness Pocky can identify which media strategies is most effective in creating awareness and sharing information to the market. In addition, based on the results of redemption that is received from the collectible stickers, Pocky can determine the exposure of such events and whether it is effective. From there, Pocky can adjust to cater and suit to the best option in which advertising strategies or events throughout the campaign. Response and While carrying out an online survey to consumers in identifying their response Feedbacks on Flavours and feedbacks, it enables Pocky to gather more in-depth information and and Events understanding on participants reviews towards this campaign. With detailed data collated, Pocky can analysis the survey results, identifying the market satisfaction and room for improvements. Sales and Profits Corrective measures to optimize sales and reduce cost is to have proper analysis for each events throughout this campaign and that there could be minor adjustment to fit into the best option and criterial. As all food products has an expiry date, another method would be having a good distribution channels and analysed supply chain so as to not having too many food products stored. Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 7. Referencing Children Society 2015, Children Society, <https://www.childrensociety.org.sg/>. Euromonitor International 2015, 'Singapore: Country Profile'. Ezaki Glico 2015, Pocky, <http://pocky.glico.com/>. Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd. 2013, 'Annual Report 2013'. Gabrielsson, M & Johansson, D 2002, 'Integrated Marketing Communication: Agencies' Use of IMC in Campaign Planning', Bachelor's Thesis. Google 2015, Matcha, viewed 15 September <https://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=matcha&geo=SG&cmpt=q&tz=Etc%2FGMT-8>. 2015, Havaldar, KK 2005, Industrial marketing: text and cases, Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Kemp, 2014, Social, Digital & Mobile in 2014, <http://wearesocial.sg/blog/2014/01/social-digital-mobile-2014/>. viewed 21 September 2015, Lim, W 2010, 'A CULTURE OF WORK-LIFE ‘IMBALANCE’ IN SINGAPORE', New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies, vol 12, no. 2. Sigal, T & Ram, H 2012, 'Gender differences in brand commitment, impulse buying and hedonic consumption', Journal of Product & Brand Management, vol 21, no. 3, pp. 176-182. Singapore Economic Development Board 2015, FACTS AND RANKINGS, viewed 14 September 2015, <https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb/en/why-singapore/about-singapore/facts-and-rankings/rankings.html>. Tan, WZ 2015, Singapore still 3rd in world competitiveness ranking: Study, viewed 15 September 2015, <http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/singapore-still-3rd-in/1876922.html>. Wahbanana 2015, About, viewed 21 September 2015, <https://www.youtube.com/user/wahbanana/about>. Ye, L & Robertson, T 2012, 'Gender Identity: Does It Matter for Consumers’ Perceptions?', Journal of Business Diversity, vol 12, no. 3. Zhang, X, Majid, S & Foo , S 2011, 'The Contribution of Environmental Scanning to Organizational Performance', Singapore Journal of Library & Information Management , vol 40. Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Cost Referencing http://www.smrtmedia.com.sg/Product-Rates https://scape.sg/public/sources/pdf/VenueRateCard.pdf https://www.nparks.gov.sg/~/media/nparks-real-content/activities/book-a-venue/rates.ashx?la=en http://cineleisure.com.sg/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Cathay-Cineleisure-Orchard-Event-Space-RentalKit-2014_LR.pdf http://www.thiamhengmotor.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=27 http://www.diseno.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/2013/pdf/mediacorp/8_days_ratecard_2013.pdf http://www.moovemedia.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Ratebook-w.e.f-1-Mar-2013.pdf https://www.facebook.com/business/help/318171828273417 http://www.hashmeta.com/social-media-management/ http://www.racedayeventservices.com/hosting-planning http://www.dreachong.com/ http://www.wahbanana.com/ http://www.orientdesign.com.sg/packaging_design.html Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 8. Appendices 8.1 Appendix A (Creative Brief) Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|7001744 8.2 Appendix B (Peer Evaluation) MKTG1266 Marketing Communication Group Peer Review - IMC Plan G roups should c omplete a peer review form in order to rec eive a grade for their IMC Plan. All group members should disc uss their contribution, fll out a single peer review form and include this form with their IMC Plan. A c lear explanation needs to be provided for any group member that has not partic ipated in this proc ess. In determining your group’s assessment, please c onsider the following: Did the team member… Attend all or most of the team meetings? C ome to team meetings prepared? Follow through on the work assigned to him or her? Submit their work as per the agreed deadline? Submit work of ac c eptable quality? C ommunic ate well with other team members (i.e. proac tively)? Provide c onstruc tive feedbac k to others on their work? G roups must agree as to the percentage value of each member’s contribution to the various elements of the assignment when c ompleting the peer review form. Please note: your tutor MAY ADJ UST your individual grade for the IMC Plan based on your team members’ rating of your performance. It is in students’ best interest to ac tively c ontribute to the suc c ess of their respec tive groups. Any individual group member that disagrees with the group’s assessment will need to c ommunic ate with their tutor. Your tutor will ask the team for evidenc e of members’ relative c ontribution and make a dec ision on whether the individual’s grade should be adjusted to reflect this diffe rential in c ontribution. Group Member Melanie Marsha Tee Shu Yan Ng Wei Hao Rainer Ng J ing Ying Lydia Norman Doo Hong Yao Seoh Si Ying Wong Qi Zhi Percentage Signature of all Mark group Allocation members 100% Melanie 100% Rainer 100% Lydia 100% 100% 100% Specific Commentary Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) Norman Siying Qizhi lOMoARcPSD|7001744 IMC Plan LF02 Group02 ORIGINALITY REPORT 14 4% 1% 14% SIMILARIT Y INDEX INT ERNET SOURCES PUBLICAT IONS ST UDENT PAPERS % PRIMARY SOURCES 1 2 Submitted to RMIT University St udent Paper Submitted to American Intercontinental University Online 10% 1% St udent Paper 3 4 5 Submitted to Kaplan College St udent Paper Submitted to University of Greenwich St udent Paper Submitted to Rochester Institute of Technology 1% 1% <1% St udent Paper 6 7 thisbluemarble.com Int ernet Source Submitted to Nanyang Technological University, Singapore <1% <1% St udent Paper 8 Submitted to Swinburne University of Technology St udent Paper Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) <1% lOMoARcPSD|7001744 9 10 11 12 epubs.scu.edu.au <1% Int ernet Source Submitted to University of South Africa St udent Paper www.edb.gov.sg <1% <1% Int ernet Source Submitted to London School of Economics and Political Science <1% St udent Paper 13 14 Submitted to Southern Cross University St udent Paper Submitted to University of Western Sydney St udent Paper EXCLUDE QUOT ES ON EXCLUDE BIBLIOGRAPHY ON EXCLUDE MATCHES OFF Heruntergeladen durch uersuela mueller (uersuela.mueller@hotmail.com) <1% <1%