EBOLA
Signs & Symptoms, Spread, Importance of Vaccine
History of this disease.
■ Initial symptoms are nonspecific - may include fever, chills, and malaise.
■ Some develop diffuse erythematous maculopapular rash that can desquamate.
■ Most common symptoms reported during current outbreak:
– fever (87%)
– fatigue (76%)
– vomiting (68%)
– diarrhea (66%)
– loss of appetite (65%)
■ Patients with fatal disease develop more severe clinical signs early during infection and die
between days 6 - 16 of complications (mean of 7.5 days)..
■ The case fatality proportion in West Africa is about 71%
Chances of Patient Surviving and
Effects
■ In most cases, people who have 100% recovered from Ebola do not go through a
comeback of ebola, however many of the survivors suffer from health issues after
the recovery.
■ The most reported complications are:
■ Tiredness, Headaches, Muscle & Joint pain, light sensitivity
■ Memory Loss, Hair loss, Hearing Loss, Tingling in hands/feet, insomnia
■ The death rate of ebola has at a staggering high of 90% to 25% in past outbreaks
How Ebola Spreads
■ It is transmitted through close and direct contact with infected bodily fluid, the most
common being infectious blood, poop and vomit and urine
IMPORTANCE OF
VACCINATIONS
They prevent diseases from spreading by injecting a small or dead dose of the
disease into the system which then builds immunity to the disease so when you get
infected, white blood cells can effectively attack and destroy it.
It is important cause if lots of people have vaccinations people are less likely to get it
due to being in a herd, and literally people don’t want to catch any diseases.
History Of Ebola!!
■ In 1976, Ebola (named after the river) first emerged in Sudan and Zaire. The first
outbreak of Ebola infected over 284 people, with a mortality rate of 53%.
■ A few months later, the second Ebola virus emerged from Yambuku, Zaire.
■ Data also suggests Ebola existed but factors like population growth, and direct
interaction with wildlife may have contributed the spread of EBOLA!
Ebola Vaccine Development
■ The Ebola vaccine was developed by Johnson & Johnson and was urgently deployed
with a 95-100% chance of effectively working.
■ In October 2014 there were trials of the vaccine but in Geneva, Switzerland there
were developed vaccine-related arthritis
■ In April 2015, they conducted phase 3 trial which was proven successful then was
deployed ‘Ring Vaccination Protocol’
Effectiveness of Vaccination Program
(Does it exist still?)
■ The developed vaccine for Ebola, wiped out most of the cases of it during the major
outbreaks.
■ It is still around in West Africa even today there have been 2,100 cases of Ebola
since last August and more than 1,400 deaths, which is the 2nd worst Ebola
outbreak ever.
■ After the 2014-16 West Africa epidemic which affected 28,000 people, which was to
happen in an active war zone.
THE END