11
Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human
Person
Quarter 1 – Module
Philosophy- Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title
First Edition, 2020
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11
Introduction to
the Philosophy
of the Human
Person
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Doing Philosophy
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Doing Philosophy !
Alternative
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Doing Philosophy !
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This
includes
questions
or
blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
Answer Key
This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References
This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Write all your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
5. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
6. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
7. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Module 1 covers the topic on Doing Philosophy.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view
2. Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective in life
3. Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic
perspective
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. It is the study or the discipline that uses human reason to investigate the
ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things
a. anthropology
b. history
c. philanthropy
d. philosophy
2. The Greek term for philosophy, philosophia, means
a. love of money
b. love of life
c. love of knowledge
d. love of wisdom
3. The Greek philosopher Plato believes that philosophy is brought about by
man’s sense of
a. curiosity
b. doubt
c. experience
d. wonder
4. The great modern philosopher Rene Descartes considers this as a reason
why people philosophize
a. certainty
b. curiosity
c. doubt
d. truth
Lesson
1
Doing Philosophy
The meaning and method of doing philosophy in relation to the human person as
an embodied being in the world and the environment
What’s In
Using the web diagram below. Think of words/ideas that comes to your mind
when you hear the word “philosophy”. Write your answer in a separate sheet
of paper.
_____
___
Philosophy
____
____
Analyze the headlines below. What questions do you ask when you read
these headlines in the newspaper or internet? Write those questions and
label them as “simple”, “serious”, and “deep” questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Flash floods in remote village kill a hundred people
Abused child kept chained in basement for five years finally rescued
Man sentenced to 10 years for stealing milk to feed his baby
Lottery winner donates half of winnings to local orphanage
Why do we ask questions? Why do we seek answers to our questions? What
is the reason behind all these events? What are the causes of these events?
Philosophy as a subject will help us understand the complexities of human
life.
What’s New
What is Philosophy?
Definition of Philosophy- comes from the two Greek words: philos (love) and
Sophia (wisdom) and soon applied to the study or discipline that uses human
reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons and principles which govern
all things.
Why is there a need to philosophize?
a. According to Plato- man’s need to philosophize because man has the
sense of wonder. Whenever we are confronted with an experience, man
always wonder, over bounding curiosity drives man to ask questions
which most of these have no definite answers. Why do we exist? Where
did we come from? What is the purpose of my life, are just one of the many
questions that drives man to philosophize?
b. According to Rene Descartes- traced man’s need to philosophize because
of doubt. He was famous for rejecting or questioning established ideas or
truth in order to determine whether these are correct or true.
c. According to Karl Jaspers- man’s need to philosophize because of
experience. He believed that man is often confronted by experiences
which challenge his ideas and framework which he called it as limit
situations.
d. Finally, man’s need to philosophy is driven by the love of wisdom. When
one seeks for wisdom there is an insatiable desire for truth.
Branches of Philosophy
1. Metaphysics- literally means “beyond physical” is the branch of philosophy
that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts
such as being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space.
Application to the Real World
Allegory of the Cave
Plato
According to this narration, those who are destitute of philosophy
maybe compared to prisoners of the cave who are only able to look in one
direction because they are bound and have the fire behind them and the
wall in front, between them and the wall, there is nothing; all they see are
shadows of themselves and of the objects behind them casted on the wall
by the light of the fire. Inevitably they regard these shadows as reality.
Finally, these prisoners were able to escape out from the cave and realized
that the shadows inside the cave were not real and the real things are from
the outside of the cave.
2. Ethics- is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending,
and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior”.
Application to the Real World
Black and White
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
Raised the “problem of the Negro” who wanted equal rights for the black
people. In recent event, the death of an African American Floyd George
wobbled the world that proves the existence of racial discrimination and
unequal treatment between the black people and white people.
3. Epistemology- the theory of knowledge, especially regarding its methods,
validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes
justified belief from opinion.
Application to the Real World
Women’s Equal Rights
Mary Wollstonecraft
Wollstonecraft envisioned an education for women and dictated that women
were to be more than just wives and caretakers; they were to educate children and
to act not as slaves to their husbands but as companions. As technology enters
the larger picture in education, students should realize and understand that
education is not simply browsing the internet but should emphasize the concept
of progress to embrace changes which is the only constant thing in this world.
4. Logic- is a branch of philosophy that deals with reasoning conducted or
assessed according to strict principles of validity.
Application to the Real World
Artificial Intelligence or A.I.
Alan Mathison Turing
Turing was a mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and computer
scientist. He was highly influential in the development of computer science
providing a formalization of the concepts of algorithm and computation.
With Turing machine, it played a significant role in the creation of the
modern computer. He is widely considered to be the Father of Computer
Science and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
5. Aesthetics- a set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation
of beauty, especially in art. It is the branch of philosophy that deals with the
principles of beauty and artistic taste.
Application to the Real World
Beauty and Culture
Hans-Georg Gadamer
How culture Influences beauty? Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Our
perception of beauty is guided by cultural influences and ideas of aesthetics
determined by fashion dictates of that era. Women, and sometimes men, often go
to ridiculous lengths and a lot of pain to achieve that elusive beauty ideal.
Hans-Georg Gadamer argues that our taste and judgments on beauty work
in connection with one’s own personal experienced and culture. He believes that
our culture consists of the values and beliefs of our time and our society.
What is It
The Difference between Holistic Thinking from Partial Thinking
Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns
in systems. This is often described as looking the “big picture’ when describing and
analyzing a situation or problem. A holistic perspective an individual to have an open
mindset and an ability to get the general sense or impression regarding the situation.
Partial Thinking on the other hand, focuses on specific aspects of a situation.
The partial view is an important component of analytical thinking, as an individual
focuses on certain areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand it. Though
partial thinking is useful, philosophy utilizes holistic thinking in making sense of
problems and issues related to the human experience.
Reflection is an Important Philosophical Engagement
Reflection requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings,
and actions and to learn about one’s life and experiences. One can reflect on almost
any subject. Simple actions take a whole new meaning when one engages in
reflection. It is a vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out
and are done with due regard for their implications and consequences on ourselves,
others and our environment. It helps us understand ourselves and our action better.
It helps us judge things better whether our actions are reasonable and beneficial to
oneself and others.
Try This:
Analyze the situation below using a holistic perspective of thinking.
1. A best friend misbehaved in a video that has gone viral.
2. A public official’s involvement in graft and corruption
What’s More
Activity 1.1 Understanding in Doing Philosophy
Philosophy has an important place in our daily lives. Engaging in
philosophical reflection leads to the development of beneficial skills that individuals
can apply in everyday situations.
Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and
interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments and problems. It also trains us
to be critical of our own ideas as well as others. Critical thinking skills can help us
avoid being tricked by false claims or manipulative schemes.
A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately
present his or her ideas. Discussions and debates require skills in presenting and
communicating ideas and it teaches one person to be clear and precise in thoughts
in order to express exactly what he/she wants to say.
Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing and this refers to a person’s
ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in making sound choices and
judgment.
Finally, knowledge of philosophy contributes to self-development. It
encourages a person to know oneself, his own strengths and weaknesses, establish
identity and determine his purpose in life.
Reflect and Discuss:
1. How can philosophy help you succeed as a student?
2. How can philosophy help you become a productive citizen?
What I Have Learned
1. Philosophy is the study that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate
causes, reasons and principles which govern all things.
2. The need to philosophize is traced to a person’s sense of wonder and doubt,
the need to make sense of challenging experiences and the love for wisdom.
3. The study of philosophy can be considered as a way of analyzing ideas and
frameworks. It is considered as a way of examining an area of knowledge.
Philosophy itself is a discipline with its own goals, concerns and way of doing
things. Philosophy can also make use of information gathered from other fields
of knowledge and not just its own conclusion. Finally, philosophy can be
considered as a reflective and meditative activity.
4. Reflection is an important aspect of philosophy. One can engage in reflection
by examining one’s thoughts, feelings and action and learning from
experiences. Reflecting on situations, activities, actions and decisions enables
a person to gain insights that will help in effective decision-making.
5. Holistic thinking is a perspective that considers larger patterns or the bigger
picture when looking at problems or situations. Adopting a holistic view
enables a person to view a problem more objectively and come up with better
decisions or solutions. A holistic view also means that one does not confine
one’s understanding of the world to one’s perspective but also includes the
perspective of others. This view also enables a person to better appreciate his
or her experiences as vital components that give meaning to life.
What I Can Do
A. Reflect on what actions you will do prior to the
situations mentioned in column one. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Actions
1.buying new clothes
2. buying new gadgets
3. choosing friends
4. choosing your
boyfriend/girlfriend
5. choosing your career
6.joining school clubs or
organization
7.watching adult films
8.playing computer games
9.confronting the person who
hurt and bullied you
10.making friends again with
your ex-lover
What must be done before
the action?
B. My Philosophy in Life
As a student, what is your dream or philosophy in life? How do you achieve
your dream in life using your own philosophy? Answer it by making a lifemap or schematic diagram.
Sample map:
Success is within
reach!
What I ought to be
Success in life
From awareness to
self-actualization
What I am doing
now
Where I am now
Create your own life map in a separate sheet of paper.
Answer the following:
A. Feeling: Describe your feeling while you are philosophizing or
wondering.
Answer __________________________________________________
B. Learning: What have you learned from philosophizing or wondering?
Answer____________________________________________________
C. Application: How would you apply the knowledge that you learned
from philosophizing or wondering in your life?
Answer ___________________________________________________
Enrichment Activity
Instruction: Describe your philosophy in life (not less than 50 words).
_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on your notebook.
1. It is a
a.
b.
c.
d.
perspective that focuses on specific aspects of a situation
holistic
meditative
partial
reflective
2. It is a
a.
b.
c.
d.
perspective that focuses on the bigger picture of the situation
holistic
meditative
partial
reflective
3. It is a philosophical engagement that requires one person to examine his inner
thoughts, feelings, and actions and learn from the experiences
a. analytical
b. logical
c. meditative
d. reflective
4. This is a branch of philosophy that deals with the examination of the
correctness of actions and its corresponding values.
a. epistemology
b. ethics
c. logic
d. metaphysics
5. It is believed to be the intended product of philosophizing
a. ability to question
b. ability to doubt
c. knowledge
d. wisdom
6. This philosopher believed that man’s need and desire to philosophize is
because of his sense of wonder
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Rene Descartes
d. Pythagoras
7. This philosopher believed that man’s need and desire to philosophize
is because of his sense of doubt and that he doubts everything
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Karl Jaspers
d. Rene Descartes
8. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with beyond physical beings
a. Ethics
b. Metaphysics
c. Physics
d. Theology
9. Philosophy comes from the Greek word philo+Sophia, which means
a. art of knowledge
b. art of discipline
c. love of knowledge
d. love of wisdom
10.
“Mother Earth is in great pain”. This statement is an example of
what type of perspective
a. meditative
b. reflective
c. holistic
d. partial
Additional Activities
Make a reflection based on the saying below. Write your essay on a separate
sheet of paper.
What I Know
1.
2.
3.
4.
D
D
D
C
What's More
Rubrics:
Philosophical Content:
5pts.
Grammar: 3pts
Neatness: 2pts
Total: 10/10
Assessment
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. D
10.C
Answer Key
References
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