Formal Writing tips - Do not use contractions (write do not instead of don’t; we will instead of we’ll; I would instead of I’d, etc.). - Use passive forms whenever possible. - Use relative clauses to join ideas: The period during which he lived was full of uncertainty. - Avoid using the words things or something and other unspecific words. Be specific (use problems, situation, solutions, etc. instead). - Use formal words: o Use such as instead of like. Example: There are big mammals at the zoo, such as rhinos, hippos, elephants and more. o Use many / a large number of with countable nouns instead of a lot (of). Example: There are many species of beetle. o Use much / a large number of / a great deal of with uncountable nouns instead of a lot (of). Example: Learning by heart all the pronunciations rules in English is a great deal of pain. o Use very much / significantly / dramatically instead of a lot (of) when describing intensity. Example: I hope my Aptis course students improve their listening comprehension significantly.