PRACTIUM REPORT
ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE
EVENT II
HISTOLOGY OF MALE REPRODUCTION
Arranged by :
Group XL
Muhammad Yazida Rizky
PT/08786
Daffa Lintang Fathullaa
PT/08787
Kayla Arisanti Azzah
PT/08788
Zulfa Jihan Khalifah
PT/08792
Radedya Wardhana Putra
PT/08794
Bidadari Kalila Artadhya
PT/08869
Asisstant: Gracia Definna Katili
LABORATORY ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGI AND REPRODUCTION
DEPARTEMENT OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION
FACULTY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2022
HISTOLOGY OF MALE REPRODUCTION ORGANS
Literature Review
Testis is a male reproductive organ that functions as a producer of
sperm cells and reproductive hormones in the form of testosterone and
androgens. Putra (2012) explained that the testes have a hanger called the
funiculus spermaticus that connects the testes to other organs. The function
of the testes is of two kinds, namely producing male sex hormones
(androgens) and producing male gametes (sperm).
The epididymis consists of 3 parts, namely the head, body and cauda.
Zega (2015) states that the epididymis is divided into three parts, namely
the caput, corpus and cauda. The caput epididymis functions in the
maturation of spermatozoa. The corpus epididymis functions in the
concentration of spermatozoa. The cauda epididymis functions in the
storage of spermatozoa.
The ductus deferens is histologically composed of fibrous, blood
vessels, musculus longitudinal externa, musculus circular, musculus
longitudinal interna, lamina propria, epithelial cells, and lumen. Akmal et al.
(2014) stated that the ductus deferens serves to carry sperm from the
epididymis to the urethra. Jones (2014) explained that the ampulla is located
at the end of the ductus deferens and functions as a sperm reservoir.
Fibrous functions to coat and protect the ductus deferens. Musculus
longitudinal externa, musculus circular, and musculus longitudinal interna
function to assist the movement of spermatozoa.
The penis is a male reproductive organ that is used for copulation
and also functions to excrete urine and insert semen into the reproductive
tract of female animals during fertilization. Ulum et al. (2013) explained that
the penis is a male copulation organ consisting of the base, body, and glans
penis accompanied by the urethral process.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
Tools. The tools used in the Animal Reprocution Science Practicum
include camera,microscopes, stationery and worksheets.
Materials. The materials used in the Animal Reproduction Science
practicum include preparations in the form of male livestock reproductive
organs, histological preparations of the testes, epididymis, ductus deferens,
and penis.
Methods
Method that are used in the Animal Reproduction Science Practicum
include the student observes, differentiates, understands the function, and
draw various parts reproductive organs.
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
Histology of Male Reproduction Organs
Histology is the study of tissue structure in detail using a microscope
on thinly cut tissue preparations, one of the branches of biology (Koesomah
and Dwiastuti, 2017). The primary reproductive organs in males are the
testes. Histologically, the testes consist of seminiferous convoluted tubules,
Sertoli cells, and interstitial tissue. The epididymis is divided into 3, namely,
the head (caput), body (corpus), and tail (cauda) which have different
constituent components such as the thickness of the epithelial layer, the
thickness of the smooth muscle layer, and the presence of lymphocyte cells.
The ductus deferens is composed of serous tunica, external longitudinal
muscle, circular muscle, internal longitudinal muscle, lamina propria, cells
and epithelium. The penis is a male copulation tool that is wrapped by the
praeputium (Mahfud et al., 2016)
Gambar 1. Spermatogenesis scheme (David, 2009)
Spermatogenesis is the process of development of germ cells,
namely
spermatogonia
cells
into
spermatozoa.
The
process
of
spermatogenesis occurs in the testes, precisely in the seminiferous tubules.
Spermatogenesis is divided into three phases: (1) spermatocytogenesis,
namely the process of changing spermatogonia into spermatocytes, (2)
meiosis, the mature stage of spermatocytes that produce spermatids with a
reduced number of chromosomes (haploid), and (3) spermiogenesis, the
process of changing spermatids into spermatozoa (Basrizal, 2009).
Picture 2. Mechanism of feedback hormone (Hernawati, 2009)
Feedback hormone is a mechanism carried out by the hormone
system in the body to balance it so that negative hormones do not occur
because the volume exceeds the normal limit. Feedback hormone that
occurs in the male reproductive organs begins with the hypothalamus which
produces GnRH (Gonadothropine Releasing Hormone) which will stimulate
the anterior pituitary of the adenohypophysis. The anterior pituitary will
secrete the hormones FSH (Folicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH
(Luteinizing Hormone) which play a role in the formation of spermatozoa in
the testes. FSH hormone will stimulate Sertoli cells to produce inhibin which
will produce Androgen Binding Protein (ABP). The LH hormone will
stimulate the Leydig cells to produce the hormone testosterone which will
bind to ABP. Excess volume of each secretion will cause negative feedback
which will disrupt the process of spermatozoa formation. Luteinizing
hormone increases the activity of an enzyme that will convert cholesterol
into the hormone testosterone.
Picture 3. Spermatozoa Morphology (Abbiramy and Shanthi, 2010)
Spermatozoa consist of head, midpiece, main piece, and end piece.
The head is ovoid, contains genetic information and contains the acrosome.
In the mid piece there are mitochondria. The main piece is covered by a
fibrous sheath whose border is called the annulus. The end piece contains
many shaft filaments and contains little cytoplasm. Abnormalities in
spermatozoa consist of primary and secondary abnormalities. Primary
abnormalities are caused by a failure in the process of spermatogenesis in
the seminiferous tubules by genetic and environmental factors. Examples of
primary abnormalities include a large head, a small head, a short and broad
head, and a coiled tail. Secondary abnormalities were caused by the
treatment at the time of staining in the process of making the smear
preparations. Examples of secondary abnormalities include a folded tail, the
presence of proximal or distal cytoplasmic granules, and a severed tail.
CONCLUSION
The parts of the male genitalia can be differentiated histologically into
the testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis. Glandula Accessorius
include the vesicular gland, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland. The
testes consist of three parts, namely the seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells,
and Sertoli cells. The epididymis consists of three parts, namely the caput
epididymis, corpus epididymis, and cauda epididymis. The ductus deferens
consists of three layers, namely the lamina propria, the muscularis lamina,
and the tunica serosa. The penis consists of the corpus cavernosum penis
and the corpus cavernosum urethra.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abbiramy VS, Shanthi V (2010). Spermatozoa segmentation and
morphological
parameter
analysis
based
detection
of
teratozoospermia. International Journal of Computer Applications;
3(7): 0975-8887.
Akmal, Y., C. Nisa dan S. Novelina. 2014. Anatomi organ reproduksi jantan
trenggiling (Mais javanica). ACTA Veterina Indonesia. 2(2): 72-81.
Basrizal. 2009. Gambaran Morfologi
dan
Frekuensi
Spermatogenesis pada Domba
Garut.
Skripsi.
Kedokteran Hewan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Tahapan
Fakultas
David, A.K. 2009. Pemeriksaan Mikrodelesi Kromosom Y Pada Pria
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Jones, R. E., and K. H. Lopez. 2014. The male reproductive system. Journal
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Mahfud, A. Winarto., dan C. Nisa., 2016. Mikromorfologi alat kelamin primer
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