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Chapter 19- Forensic Profiling

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Forensic Psychology (19)
• "'What happens if you choke someone,
do they die?"
-- Mary Bell's notebook (Age 10)
• "Brian Howe had no mother, so he
won't be missed.“—Mary Bell
• Brian was found covered with grass and purple
weeds. He had been strangled. Nearby, a pair of
broken scissors lay in the grass. There were puncture
marks on his thighs, and his genitals had been
partially skinned. Clumps of his hair were cut away.
The wounds were bizarre: "There was a terrible
playfulness about it, a terrible gentleness if you like,
and somehow the playfulness of it made it more,
rather than less, terrifying," said Inspector James
Dobson. Brian's belly had been signed "M" with a
razor blade.
Brian Howe – Age 3
Forensic Psychology
• Courtroom Uses:
– Jury Selection (Voir Dire)
Voir Dire
– Competency for Hearings
– Custody Cases
• Investigational tools:
– Polygraph and BrainFingerprinting
– Hypnosis
– Profiling (a lot more later)
Forensic Psychology
• Voir Dire - French for "to speak the truth."
– Process through which potential jurors are
questioned by either the judge or a lawyer to
determine their suitability for jury service.
– The preliminary questioning of witnesses to
determine their competence to testify.
• Ask Open Questions (questions begin with ‘what,’
‘how,’ ‘could you,’ ‘would you.’)
• Repeat the words the juror uses
• Give verbal and nonverbal cues to keep jurors
talking
Psychology
• Tasks:
– Testing for mental illness
– Assessing suspects sanity
– Estab. Mental state at time of crime
– Competency to stand trial
– Detect signs of deception and malingering
(fake illness)
– Profiling Perpetrators
Psychology
• How forensic psychology used:
– Assess role of alcohol/drugs
– Determine sanity
– Assess defendants understanding of reality
and responsibility
– State of mind at the time of the crime
– Offer investigators info for use in
witness/suspect interrogations
– Psychological profile
Recognizing Lying Suspects
• Look for signs of nervousness
• Read body language
• Use Neuro-Linguistic Programming (eye
movements)
• Getting at the truth:
– Lie-detectors (not allowed in court)
– Hypnosis
– Use of Drugs
Competency
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Mental retardation
Severe drug/alcohol addiction
Organic brain syndromes
Severe Neuroses
Psychoses and schiophrenias w/ altered
perception of reality
Profiling
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How did the killer get at the victim?
What was done?
Cover track or in the open?
What was the attraction?
What was the motive?
Info:
– Physical and psychological makeup
– Areas of residence and work
– Behaviors exhibited
“Disputed” Techniques
• Brain Fingerprinting
• Lie Detector
– Control Question
– Directed Lie
– Guilty Knowledge Test
• Hypnosis
Polygraph (Lie detector)
• Inadmissable in most states - however, a number of family
and juvenile courts have admitted polygraph results as
evidence.
• Selected physiological activities are simultaneously recorded
- A polygraph instrument will collect physiological data from at
least three systems in the human body. Rubber tubes are
placed over the examinee's chest and abdominal area record
respiratory activity. Two small metal plates, attached to the
fingers, will record sweat gland activity, and a blood pressure
cuff, or similar device will record cardiovascular activity.
Brain Fingerprinting
• Uses ecg
Forensic Hypnosis
• Forensic hypnotism, investigators
access a subject's deep, repressed
memories of a past crime to help identify a
suspect or fill in details of the case. Since
hypnotists may lead subjects to form false
memories, this technique is still very
controversial in the forensics world.
Goals in Forensic Profiling
1. Provide police with a social and
psychological assessment of an offender
based on crime scene
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Age Range
Race
Employment
Religion
Marital status
Education
Goals in Profiling
2. Provide police with a psychological
evaluation of belongings found in
possession of offender
• Souvenirs of crime
• Fetish items
• Pornography
Goals in Profiling
3. Provide interrogation suggestions and
strategies
• Come on strong or soft
• Give sense of control to some perps
What crimes need profiling?
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Serial Rape
Serial murder
Child molestation
Workplace violence
Serial arson
Threatening communication
Forensic Profilers
• Used at times
– Serial Crimes
• Look at crime scene and develop a profile
of the offender (Based on FBI data)
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Age Range
Race
Employment
Religion
Marital status
Education
Profiling
• Questions:
1. Organized or Disorganized Offender?
Personality in Crimes
Organized or Disorganized
Killer?
Organized or Disorganized
Killer?
Initial Profile
Further Profiling
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Type of crime
Type of victim
Manner of death
Evidence of Rituals
Evidence of Trophy and Souvenir collection
Arson Profiling
Arson Profiling
• Vandalism
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Why Arson?
Juvenile lower class
Afternoon
Weekdays
Up to Grades 6-8 education
Lives close
Stays at crime scene
• Excitement
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Juvenile middle class
Afternoon
Lives alone
Lives close
Stays at crime scene
Up to Grade 10 education
Psychology of Arson
• Revenge
– Adult lower class
– Afternoons
– Weekends
– Lives alone
– Alcohol/drug use
– Lives close
– Doesn’t stay at crime scene
– Employed
– Up to grade 10 education
– Single
Psychology of Arson
• Crime Concealment
– Adult lower class
– Evening
– Alcohol/drug use
– Lives more than a mile away
– Single
– Doesn’t stay at crime scene
– High school education
Psychology of Arson
• Profit
– Adult working class
– Evening
– Weekdays
– Lives alone single
– Alcohol/drug use
– Doesn’t stay at crime scene
– Unemployed
– High school education
Two Classes of Arsonists
• Jealously-motivated adult male
• Would-be hero
Serial Killer Profile
Serial Murderers
How many murders make a serial murder?
At least 3
Classes of serial killers
1. Geographically Stable
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Lives in same area for some time
Kills in same or nearby area
Disposes bodies in same or nearby area
2. Geographically Transient
– Travels often
– Travels to confuse police
– Disposes bodies in far-flung areas
Stable:
John Wayne Gacy
(Chicago)
Wayne Williams
(Atlanta)
Transient:
Ted Bundy
Serial Killers
1. Visionary Killer:
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Hear voices to kill
(Devil or Demon or
God)
No staging of a
crime scene
Harvey Carignan
2. Hedonistic Killer:
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Kill for lust or thrill
Sexual gratification
May have torture,
necrophilia,
dismemberment…
Will take a long time
to kill victim
Jerome
Brudos
Serial Killers
3. Mission Killers:
– Conscious need to kill certain groups of
people
– Not psychotic
– Duty to rid world of prostitutes, Jews, Blacks
etc.
– Often said to be “a fine young man”
– Pride in service to community
Serial Killers
4. Power Control Killers
– Pleasure in controlling people
– Sexual pleasure in domination
– Not psychotic
– sociopath having own rules and norms
– Prolongs killing event for satisfaction
– Will usually be hands-on in killing (ie.
Strangulation)
Serial Killers
5. Comfort Killer
– Kills for profit
(insurance,
assassination fee etc.)
– Kills a person of close
relationship
– Controlled Crime
Scene
– Many are women
Judy Buenoano-”Black Widow”
Who are the killers?
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Male
White
25-34
Intelligent
Charming
Charismatic
Police groupies
Ken Bianchi
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“Alphabet Murders” of Rochester
“Hillside Strangler”
Rapist
Attracted many women
Covered heads with plastic bag until they
passed out and then revived them to begin
again
• Police Dept. Reject
Victim Selection
• Their “ideal” victim is rarely who they kill
– Why?
– Caution when actively searching for a victim
– Acts on compulsion for violence
• Will not care to know the victim as a
person-victim is an object
Evolution of Serial Killer
1. Imagination of Violence
2. Books, magazines ,movies depicting violence
3. Imagines acting out (or practicing ) on people
he knows
4. Serious thought of using real people
5. Looks at people as props in his mind play
6. Needs psychological relief by real act and
crosses the line
7. He is now “somebody” in his mind
View of Victim
• Victim like a disposable cup
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He takes a long satisfying drink
Once water is gone, thirst is quenched
No longer needs cup
Crush cup and throw away without
thought as if it never existed
(Satisfaction in brutalization rather than
actual act of killing)
Additional Details
• Blindfold
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Hide identity
Further depersonalizes victim
Terrorizes victim
“I blindfold my victims because faces scream
at you”
• Attacks at the face
– Depersonalizes the attack itself
– Eliminates the shame factor when there is no
“real person” to face
Additional Details
• Disposal of Body
– Lust, Thrill and Power-Control Killers dispose
victim
– Serial murder not concerned about families of
victims and that a body is never found
– Dumping is signal that killing process is over
– Killer’s “advertisement” of crime
Additional Details
• Weapons
– Hands-on weapons (straps, hose, hands,
knives, handguns, hammers)
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Allows for touching victim
Touch degrades victim
Touch terrorizes victim
Lust, Thrill or Power-Control Killer
• Dismemberment
– Validates power and control
– Proving that victim is nothing
Additional Details
• Souvenirs
– A reminder of what happened
– Prevention of victim identification
– Strips victim of identity
– Ex. Personal belonging
• Trophies
– Has value
– Visual reward serving as an aphrodisiac
– Ex. Leg, breast
Additional Details
• Duct Tape
– Clue of past prison time
– May have been in the special forces of
military
Devil/Cult Crimes
Profiling Satanic or Cult Killing
Rosemary’s Baby and
The Exorcist enhanced
curiosity in the occult
Satanism in the U.S.
• 1966 Church of Satan founded by Anton
Lavey (Former actor in Rosemary’s Baby)
• The Satanic Bible
– Lists important dates in Satanism
– Lists important colors
– Lists important numbers (1,3,5,7,13,4*4, 7+9,
666)
– Lists symbols (ex. Swastika, pentagram)
– Doctrines and rituals
Elements in Satanic and Devil
Worship Killings
Ritual Elements Satanic Sects Devil Worship cults
Animal Sacrifice
yes
yes
Human Sacrifice
yes
yes
Victims
members
strangers
Blood Sacrifice
yes
yes
Burn Sacrifice
yes
no
Executioner
priest
leader
Self-styled deviler
yes
yes
strangers
yes
no
self
Body of Satanic Ritual
• Sacrifice is revered and body is cared for and
not dumped or dirtied
• Burned bodies are placed in an easily
discoverable location as a message that this
person violated confidentiality (Prevents
Reincarnation)
• Sacrifices usually done by experience person
that is intelligent (Self-styled devilers are usually
young and uneducated)
Human Sacrifice
• Martyr is cut from upper part of the chest
to above the pubic bone
• Heart removed and mixed with blood,
urine and feces
Crime Scene Elements of Satanic
Cults
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Circle of salt
Candles
Mockery of Christian Symbols
Satanic Symbols
Blood
Animals (Goat or other hoofed animal)
Busy times for the Sadist
• Satanic Masses (Thursdays, Fridays and
Saturdays)
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Initiation Mass
Gnostic Mass
Mass of Angels (Male Chicken Sacrifice)
Mass for the Dead (Lamb Sacrifice)
Black Mass (Orgy)
• Night of the Beast (3rd full moon of year, 3 wks)
• The Passover (Feb. and Aug.)
• May Day Rite (May 1)
Sex-Crimes Profiling
Profiling Pedophiles
• Pedophiles= a perverse lover of children
Types of Molesters
• Situational Child Molester
– Few victims
– No true sexual interest but will “experiment”
when stressed
– Will also molest elderly, impaired or sick
Situational Child Molester Subtypes
• Regressed Child Molester
– Uses children for sex occasionally
– Coerces kids
– May have child porn
– Will have normal adult relationships
– Uses children when stressed
– Geographically stable, married and employed
– Some alcohol abuse and low self esteem
Jesse and Arnold Friedman
Long Island Piano
Teacher 1987-88
Situational Child Molester Subtypes
• Morally Indiscriminate Child Molester
– Abuses all persons
– A User
– Lures, forces and manipulates
– Experiments sexually
– “into” everything and everyone
Situational Child Molester Subtypes
• Sexually Indiscriminate Child Molester
– Likes to experiment sexually
– Otherwise “normal” person
– Motivated by kids out of boredom
– Views kids as new and different
– Highly likely to have kiddy porn
– Works with kids in some fashion
Situational Child Molester Subtypes
• The Naïve or Inadequate Molester
– Mental disorder (Don’t know right from wrong)
– “strange or bizarre” reputation
– Loners
– Fondles but does not have sex with kids
– Nonthreatening
– Porn but not kiddy
The Preferential Child Molester
• Prefers children over everyone! (Full time)
• Types:
– The Mysoped Molester/Killer
• Harms/kills victims for pleasure
• Stalks victims and abducts by force
• No Love for victim but rather likes to kill most
vulnerable
• Mutilates
• Terrorizes and has ritual
Albert Fish
• “Moon Maniac”
• Preyed on at least a
100 kids and killed at
least 23, mostly
African American
boys
• Sadist
• Cooked and ate last
victim, Grace Budd
The Preferential Child Molester
• 2nd type:
– The Fixated Child
Molester
• Single
• No activities with
people own age
• Childlike in appearance
and behavior
• “Loves” kids
• Buys gifts-seduction
• Nonintercourse sex
Children victimized by adults often will
repeat this abuse when they are adults!
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