NURSING PROCESS IN THE CARE OF
POPULATION GROUPS AND COMMUNITY
TOOLS FOR COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
•
•
PRIMARY DATA

Data that have not been gathered before

Observation (ocular/windshield survey and
participant observation)

Survey

Informant interview

Community forum

Focus group discussion
SECONDARY DATA

Taken from existing data sources

Gives the nurse a picture of what is already
known about the population.

Vital registries

Health records and reports

Disease registries

Publications (printed & electronic forms)




Community Resources:










Observation
Survey
Informant interview
Community forum
Focus group
Health facilities
Barangay halls
Schools
Places of worship
Open spaces (plaza & recreational areas)
SURVEY



COLLECTING PRIMARY DATA
General condition of homes & housing
density
Cleanliness
Presence & type of vegetation
Presence of street animals


Made up of a series of questions for
systematic collection of information from a
sample of individuals or families in a
community.
Necessary when there is no available
information about the community or specific
population group to be studied.
Useful when the nurse needs information
about the municipality.
Appropriate for determining community
attitudes, knowledge, health behaviors and
perceptions of health and health services.
Opportunity for making the members of the
community problems and their effects.
INFORMANT INTERVIEW
OBSERVATION




Maybe done through an ocular or windshield
survey
Gives the nurse the chance to observe
people as well as environmental conditions
and existing community facilities.
Spots for vulnerable groups (young, elderly &
pregnant women)
Takes note of the general appearance
(healthy, well nourished, or opposite)





Purposeful talks with either key informants or
ordinary members of the community
Key informants – consists of formal and
informal community leaders or persons of
position and influence.
Structured – the Nurse directs the talk based
on an interview guide
Unstructured – informant guides the talk
Used with skill
COMMUNITY FORUM
➢Allows the nurse to talk with people to find out their
perceptions of health and health services.

➢Environmental conditions:



Terrain
Open meeting of the members of the
community
Ex., Pulong-pulong sa barangay
The forum is set in coordination with the
leaders of the community such as the
barangay leaders or other informal leaders.

May also be used as a venue for informing
the people about secondary data, for data
validation, and for getting feedback from the
people themselves about previously
gathered data.
FOCUS GROUP




Made up of a much smaller group, usually 612 members only
Membership is more homogeneous
This method is effective in the assessment of
health needs of specific
groups in the community
for example- focus group of first-time
pregnant women.
secretary, or any member of the
Sangguniang Bayan.
HEALTH RECORDS AND REPORTS
➢ Executive Order NO. 352 (Office of the President,
Republic of the Philippines, 1996), the Field Health
Service Information System (FHSIS).
➢ FHSIS – is an essential tool in monitoring the
health status of the population at different levels.
➢A basis for:
•
•
•
Priority setting by local governments
Planning and decision making at different
levels
Monitoring & evaluating health program
implementation
SECONDARY DATA SOURCES




Registry of vital events
Health records and reports
Disease registries
Census data




REGISTRY OF VITAL EVENTS



Act 3753 (Civil Registration Law, Philippine
Legislature), enacted in 1930, established
the civil registry system in the Philippines
and requires registration of vital events, such
as births, marriages, and deaths.
The NSO serves as the central repository of
civil registries and the NSO Administrator
and the Civil Registrar General of the
Philippines.
Reliable civil registration and vital statistics
provide a realistic basis for program planning
and implementation
PURPOSES:
–
–
–
REGISTRY OF FINAL EVENTS



In facility-based births, the facility
administrator shall be responsible for the
registration of the event. (physician, nurse,
midwife, parent)
Presidential Decree 856 (Sanitation Code;
Office of the President, Republic of the
Philippines, 1975) requires a death certificate
before burial of the deceased.
In the absence of a health officer, the death
should be reported to the mayor, municipal
Records are facility-based
Records serve as the basis of reports
Reports consist of summary data that are
transmitted or submitted monthly, quarterly,
annually
The FHSIS Manual of Operations (DOH-IMS,
2011) lists and describes the following
recording tools
The Individual Treatment Record (ITR) building block of the FHSIS.Target Client
Lists (TCLs) – second building block of the
FHSIS
–
To plan and carry out patient care and
service delivery since midwives and nurses
use TCLs to monitor target eligible
populations for articular health services.
To facilitate monitoring and supervision of
service delivery activities.
To report services delivered, thus reducing
the need to refer back to the ITRs to
accomplish reporting.
To provide a clinic-level database that can
be accessed for further studies.
TCLS IN RHUS AND HEALTH CENTERS:






Prenatal Care
Postpartum Care
Under 1-year-old children
Family Planning
Sick children
National Tuberculosis Program TB Register

National Leprosy Control Program Central
Registration Form
•
•
3. The summary table
•
•
•
•
Accomplished by midwife
It is a 12-column table
Updated on a monthly basis
Source of data for any survey of research
4. The monthly Consolidation Table (MCT) –
accomplished by the nurse based on the summary
table.
FHSIS MANUAL OF OPERATIONS (DOH-IMS, 2011)
1. Monthly Forms
a. Program Report (M1) - contains indicators
categorized as maternal care, child care, family
planning, and disease control.
b. Morbidity Report (M2) – contains a list of all cases
of disease by age and sex.
2. Quarterly Forms – submitted to the Provincial
Health Office
3. Annual Forms
a. A-BHS
b. Annual Form 1 (A-1)
c. Annual Form 2 (A-2)
d. Annual Form 3 (A-3)
DISEASE REGISTRIES
•
•
Listing of persons diagnosed with a specific
type of disease in a defined population.
Department of Health (DOH) has developed
and maintained registries for HIV/AIDS and
chronic noncommunicable diseases,
particularly cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, & stroke.
CENSUS DATA
•
•
Periodic governmental enumeration of the
population (Merriam Webster Online
Dictionary, 2012).
Batas Pambansa Blg. 72 provides for a
national census of population and other
related data in the Philippines every 10
years.
•
•
Philippine Statistical System (PSS) provides
statistical information and services to the
public.
People may be assigned to a locality by de
jure or de facto method.
o De jure assignment is based on the
legally established place of
residence of people
o De facto is according to the actual
physical location of people
NSO conducts the national census using the
de jure method
Census data are accessible at the NSO
(website http://www.census.gov.ph).