Natural/Experiential
View of man:
Persons are
embodied spirits
WHAT DO WE
EXACTLY
MEAN BY
“EMBODIED
SPIRIT”?
EMBODIED SPIRITS
Inseparable union of body
and soul
Body is not separate from
the soul, just as soul is not
separate from the body.
HUMAN
PERSON
There is something in the human individual that
sets him or her apart from other beings. These
special traits make a hum an a distinct
i n d i v i d u a l
p e r s o n
.
Living is an essential feature of being human, it
cannot be the defining feature that sets us
apart
and
makes
us
human
persons
We need to look deeper within ourselves and
figure out what really sets us apart from other
living things
01
What Philosophers look for in their
search to define human person?
SELF AWARENESS
EXTERNALITY
refers to the person
having a clear
perception of oneself,
including his or her
thoughts, emotions,
identity, and actions.
The human person is
defined by a deeper
awareness which is
driven by rationality or
human thought.
the capability to reach
out and interact with
others and the world.
The realization that we
are not alone and that
there are other persons
around us enables us to
reach out and establish
meaningful relationships
with others. Our
interactions with others
define our existence as
persons
SELF-DETERMINATION
DIGNITY
refers to the capability
of persons to make
choices and decisions
based on their
preferences, monitor
and regulate their
actions, and be goaloriented and self
directed.
This means that a
human person has
dignity simply because
of the fact that he or
she is human. Human
dignity also drives us to
seek what is good.
Doing good actions,
therefore, upholds and
promotes the dignity
of the human person
PERSONS ARE
EMBODIED SPIRIT
God breathed into
man with body and
soul. There’s unity
between the body
and soul of man. It
cannot
be
dichotomized
or
separated from each
other as man lives
and grows to become
fully human.
In the perspective of Plato
The body and soul are seperable
[1] There is an inherent contradiction between body and soul.
[2] The body is material, mutable, and destructible.
[3]The soul is immaterial, immutable, and indestructible.
[4]The body’s is existence is dependent on the soul.
[5] The soul’s existence is independent of the soul.
[6] The soul existed before the body.
In conclusion, he believes that the human person is just a soul
using a body.
Three parts of the soul according to Plato
Rational
Located in the head. Drives the human person to experience
thirst, hunger, and other physical wants.
Spiritual
Located in the chest. Drives the human person to experience
thirst, hunger, and other physical wants.
Appetitive
Located in the abdomen. Drives the human person to
experience thirst, hunger, and other physical wants.
In the perspective of Aristotle
The body and soul are inseperable
There is no dichotomy
between the person’s
body and soul.
The body and soul are in
a state of unity.
01
02
03
The soul is the principle of
life, therefore, anything
that has life has a soul.
04
The souls is the form to
the body, while the body is
the matter to the soul.
Three levels of the soul according to Aristotle
Vegetative (Plants)
Because they have the capacity to
grow, reproduce, and feed itself.
Sensitive (Aninals)
In addition to grow, reproduce, and
feed themselves, they are capable
of sensation.
Rational (Humans)
Has the capacity both present in
plants and animals, but also in
addition, are capable of thinking.
For Aristotle, anything that has
life has a body, therefore, plants
and animals (in addition to
humans) have souls. Thus,
Aristotle distinguishes three
levels of soul.
In conclusion,
When we say that the human person is an embodied spirit, we specifically mean that
the human person is the point of convergence between the material and spiritual entities,
that is, between the body and soul. We cannot talk, therefore, of the human person without
the union of body and soul, just as we cannot talk of anything without the union of (as
Aristotle would have us believe) matter and form.
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