PRACTICAL
RESEARCH
research
• a systematic and objective creation of knowledge.
(Creswell, 2013)
• It is an investigation or experimentation aimed at the
discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of
accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or
practical application of such new or revised theories
or laws.
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
quality or kind
measurement or quantity
Quantitative Research
uses scientifically collected and statistically
analyzed data to investigate observable
phenomena
• A phenomenon is any existing or observable fact or
situation that we want to unearth further or
understand.
• It is scientific for the fact that it uses a scientific
method in designing and collecting numerical data.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
• LARGE SAMPLE SIZE – data must come from a large
sample size
• OBJECTIVE – results are unaffected by the
researcher’s intuition
• REPLICATION – can be repeated to verify
• VISUAL RESULT PRESENTATION – data are presented
through graphs, charts, and tables
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
• RELIABLE DATA – data is taken and analyzed objectively
from a sample as a representative of the population
• FAST DATA COLLECTION – uses standardized research
instruments
• FASTER DATA ANALYSIS – statistical tools give way for a
less time-consuming data analysis
• GENERALIZED DATA – data taken from a sample can be
applied to the population
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated
Findings are generalizable to the population
Conclusive establishment of cause and effect
Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict
outcomes
Fast and easy data gathering
Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software
Very objective
Validity and reliability can be established
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in
depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human
experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data such
as feelings and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given
responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection more costly.
TRUE
OR
FALSE
Quantitative
data can be
presented
using tables
and graphs.
TRUE
OR
FALSE
The results of
quantitative
research can be
used to
generalize and
predict.
The research study
TRUE
cannot
be
replicated
OR
or
repeated
FALSE
because it is
unique in every case.
TRUE
OR
FALSE
Data are in
the form of
numbers and
analyzed
statistically.
TRUE
OR
FALSE
The behavior of
the participants
is observed and
is critical to the
analysis of
results.
TRUE
OR
FALSE
Quantitative
research is
flexible so at
any stage, the
study may
change.
TRUE
OR
FALSE
Data analysis
can be done at
any stage of
the process.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
DESCRIPTIVE
CORRELATIONAL
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
EXPERIMENTAL
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
•Seeks to describe the current
status of an identified variable.
•These research projects are
designed to provide systematic
information about a phenomenon.
A description of …
 how second grade students spend their time
during summer vacation
 the tobacco use habits of teenagers
 how parents feel about the twelve-month
school year
 the attitudes of scientists regarding global
warming
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
•Attempts to determine the extent of a
relationship between two or more
variables using statistical data.
•In this type of design, relationships
between and among several facts are
sought and interpreted.
•The relationship between intelligence and
self-esteem
•The relationship between diet and anxiety
•The relationship between an aptitude test
and success in an algebra course
•The relationships between the types of
activities used in math classrooms and
student’s achievement
Causal-comparative / Quasi-experimental
• used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of
variables
• has lesser validity due to the absence of random
selection and assignment of subjects
• the independent variable is identified but not
manipulated. The researcher does not modify preexisting groups of subjects.
• The group exposed to treatment (experimental) is
compared to the group unexposed to treatment
(control)
•The effect of taking multivitamins on a
students’ school absenteeism
•The effect of gender on algebra
achievement
•The effect of part-time employment on
the achievement of high school students
•The effect of age on lung capacity
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
•like quasi- experimental is used to
establish the cause-and-effect
relationship of two or more variables.
•This design provides a more conclusive
result because it uses random
assignment of subjects and
experimental manipulations.
•The effect of a new treatment plan on
breast cancer
•The effect of positive reinforcement on
attitude toward school
•The effect of teaching with a
cooperative group strategy or a
traditional lecture approach on
students’ achievement
DESCRIPTIVE
CORRELATIONAL
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
EXPERIMENTAL
Describe
Relationship
Cause-Effect
Study the following quantitative
research titles and classify them
as to which kind of quantitative
research they belong.
descriptive, correlational,
quasi-experimental, experimental
1. The Effect of Online Schooling to the Academic
Grades of General Academic Strand Students of
Example School QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
2. Learning Strategies of Grade 12 ABM Students of
Calamba Senior High School DESCRIPTIVE
3. “Ang Probinsyano” Television Drama: Its Effects to
the Attitude of Young Viewers of Barangay San
Juan EXPERIMENTAL
4. Status of Data Connectivity of STEM Students of
Cavite Senior High School DESCRIPTIVE
5. A Study on the Online Truancy of Students under the
New Mode of Learning DESCRIPTIVE
TASK #1
Give your own example of a
research topic/title that can be
considered as quantitative research.
Provide an explanation as to why
and how you can use quantitative
approach.
RUBRIC:
• The title is quantitative in nature;
• Explanations are clearly stated;
• Includes the characteristics of quantitative research
Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe
a Quantitative Research?
a. Quantitative research makes you focus your mind on
specific things by means of statistics.
b. You tend to inflate something in a quantitative research
because of your perceptions.
c. Quantitative research uses numbers and figures to
denote a particular thing.
d. Doing a quantitative research tend to exclude your own
thoughts and feelings about the subject or object of the
study.
Which of the following research questions could be
answered by using quantitative research methods?
a. What is the most popular social media platform
used by Senior High School students?
b. How has the Covid-19 pandemic affects career
choices among college students?
c. What are the factors affecting depressive
behavior?
d. None of the above.
Statistical analysis is heavily focused in making
a final report of a _______
a.Qualitative research
b.Quantitative research
c.Ethnographic study
d.Phenomenological study
The BNAVHS SHS introduce a new enrollment system and
wishes to study the efficiency of its implementation as
compared to the previous enrollment system which is being
practiced in other schools. In this study, it is not feasible to
conduct randomization. What type of research design is
used?
a.Experimental
b.Descriptive
c. Quasi-experimental
d. Correlational
Mr. Floro conducts a study that will further get to know the
level of bullying cases between the male and female SHS
students in BNAVHS. What’s the type of research design to
be used in his study?
a.Experimental
b.Descriptive
c. Quasi-experimental
d. Correlational
On a whole sheet of paper:
Name:
Strand/Section:
1. In your own words, define research.
2. What do you think is the importance of research in
our life?
3. As a STEM student, what problem in your
community do you want to address?
4. What are your other interest or topic for research?