TLE
7/8 (Dressmaking)
Quarter 1
LEARNER’S MATERIAL
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This module was carefully examined and revised in accordance with the
standards prescribed by the DepEd Region 4A and Curriculum and Learning
Management Division CALABARZON . All parts and sections of the module are
assured not to have violated any rules stated in the Intellectual Property Rights
for learning standards.
The Editors
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
TLE
(Dressmaking)
Grade 7/8
Schools Division Office Management Team: Elpidia Bergado, Noel Ortega, Belen B.
Sabalas, Clarissa B. Amulong, Andres B. Sabalas
TLE-Dressmaking Grade 7/8
PIVOT IV-A Learner’s Material
Quarter 1
First Edition, 2020
Published by: Department of Education Region IV-A CALABARZON
Identifying Sewing Tools and Equipment
and Their Uses
I
Lesson
In every task or activity you should be familiar with the needed tools
and equipment. This is necessary for you to perform well and to be productive.
And when you encounter problems in performing the task you already know
you can use such tools to fix it and avoid work disruptions.
It is very important to know the different tools and equipment in sewing.
Sewing tools are those which don’t require the use of electricity. There are tools
that are used manually by hand and there are also equipment that would be
heavy items such as sewing machine itself.
Tool is a device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used to carry out
a particular function.
Equipment are materials, devices, and appliances that are used as a part of, or
in connection with an electrical installation.
Sewing Kit is small package containing items such as needles and thread
that you need to sew.
Sewing Equipment—those are more complicated tool, it provides to carry out
particular function or process
D
Sewing Machine is a machine used to sew fabric and materials together
with thread. Sewing machine were invented during the first industrial revolution
to decrease the amount of manual sewing performed clothing companies.
The sewing machine was created in September 10, 1846. It was used for
making blankets, and clothing. It is made sewing much easier and faster. The
sewing machine greatly impacted the textile industry and women. This is allowed
clothing to become mass produced item which increased the social acceptance of
the sewing machine. Besides the commercial sewing machine, the household
machine became very popular when it became electric. The sewing tools and
equipment categorize into; Marking tools, cutting tools, and sewing tools.
SEWING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
1. Measuring Tools
L-square. It divides the garment into the desired measurement. It is perfect
squares and is useful in making straight lines and numbers.
Tape measure. It is used in taking body measurements. Fiberglass tape is
commonly used by professional dressmakers.
Yardstick. It is used for general marking and for measuring fabric
grainline when laying out the pattern.
Ruler. It is used for general marking. It aids in connecting l lines.
Seam gauge. This measuring tool helps make quick, accurate
measurements for hems, buttonholes, scallops and pleats.
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Hip curve. This tool is used in connecting and shaping curve points.
French curve. This is used to shape the depth of the neck hole and
armhole of the pattern.
2. Cutting Tools
Trimming scissors. Five to six inch long which are for clipping threads
Cutting shears. These are made of quality steel and hold a sharp cutting
edge. Shears have the length of 7- 12 inches and are
satisfactory for most apparel fabrics.
Seam ripper. Hook quickly rips seams, opens buttonholes and removes
stitches. This should be used carefully to avoid piercing the fabric.
Pinking shears / scalloping shears. This is popular in zigzagging or
scalloped edge or for seam finishes. This is used to finish seams and
raw edges or many types of fabric.
Thread clipper. It is used for snipping threads
Stitch ripper. This is smaller than seam ripper, and it can cut stitches close
to the fabric.
Embroidery scissor. It has 4-5 inches finely tapered blades. Both points are
sharp for use in working with fine details in delicate fabrics and in
embroidery work.
Leather shears. These are used for cutting leather and suede. It has heavy
serrated edge.
Rotary cutter. It is an adaptation of the giant rotary cuter used by the
garment industry. It works like a pizza cutter and can be used by
left or right-handed sewers. The rotary cutter is available in different sizes
with different blades. When using a rotary cutter, work on a cutting mat to
protect the blade and the cutting surface.
Bent-handled dressmaker’s shears. These are made of quality steel and
hold a sharp cutting edge. The blades move easily and cut smoothly along
the entire length and the points should come together. Shears have the
length of 7- 12 inches and are satisfactory for most apparel fabrics.
1. All steels, chrome-plated shears are for heavy duty cutting
2. Stainless steel blades and plastic handles are fine for
lightweight fabrics
3. A serrated edge shears, give maximum cutting control and is
used for synthetic fibers and slippery knits
3. Marking Tools
T a il or’s c ha lk . T h is is ess ent ial a s a m ar k er fo r us e on
m at er ia ls. Ta ilor ’s c h a lk is ava ila b le in a r an g e of
co lors a nd is r emov ed b y b r us hin g.
D r essm a ke r’s pe n cil. T h is is av ailab le in w h it e or pa st el
s ha d es. T h is c ha lk p en c il is used to ma k e f in e lin es o n
fa b r ic. I t has an er as ing b r us h a t o n e en d .
T ra ci ng w he el. I t is a saw -t ooth w ith a s ha r p p o in t. Th is to o l is
u s ed t o t ra nsf er pat t ern ma rk in gs to t h e wr o ng s id e of
t h e f ab r ic. T h is is us ed w it h t he dr essma k er’ s ca rb o n
p a p er .
D r essm a ke r’s ca rb o n pa pe r. Th is t yp e of t rac ing p ap er is
a va ila b le in a n um b er of c o lo rs in c lud ing w h it e, r ed,
a n d b lu e. It is u s ed in ma rk ing a ll ty p es of fa b r ic in
co mb ina t io n w it h a tr ac ing w h eel. T h is w or k is b est o n
p la n e, f lat - su rf ac ed fa br ic s.
L i qu id Ma r ki ng P e n. T h is is f elt -t i p l iq u i d m ar k i ng p en . Ma rks
m ay disa pp ear aft er 4 8 h o urs , a n d t h e ot h er wa sh es o ut.
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4. Sewing Tools
Pins - they hold pattern pieces in place, anchor seam allowances as you sew,
fit fabric on the body, and secure all sorts of squirmy trims, delicate sequins,
and miniscule beads.
Pin cushion – It is used to keep pins and needles when not in use.
Thimble- A small hard pitted cup worn for protection on the finger that pushes the needle in sewing.
Sewing Needle Threader - It aids in putting the thread to the needle.
Sewing Machine Needle. Sewing machine needles are graded according to
diameter and length. In the sys tem of sewing machine needle sizes, the needles for the 96-87 machine are of a class and variety known as 16 x 231 and
are furnished in sizes 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, and 23 .
Hand Needle - It used for hand-sewing, is a long slender tool with a pointed
tip at one end and a hole (or eye) at the other. The earliest needles were made
of bone or wood; modern needles are manufactured from high carbon steel
wire and are nickel.
Classification of Sewing Machine Based on Machine Type
Well-selected sewing machine is essential for achieving good results. It
should be used correctly in accordance with the job requirements.
1. Lockstitch Sewing Machine. This is usually used in homes and sometimes
in school and also called “Domestic Sewing Machine”. It is run
by foot and may also be converted to electric power machine.
2. Hi-Speed Lockstitch Sewing Machine. This is sometimes
called ‘straight stitching machine” or industrial sewing machine. It has automatic lubrication and is used by tailors and
dressmakers.
3. Over Edging Machine. Other companies call it “small machine”. It finishes
the raw edges of the pattern for construction.
4.
Embroidery Machine. This is used in making fancy stitches and in making
different kinds of embroidery stitches on fabrics for the Barong Tagalog, pillow
cases, linen, and other novelty items.
5. Button Holer Machine. This is used in making buttonholes on garments.
6. Button Attachment Machine. This is used in attaching buttons
to the garments.
7. Double Needle Machine. This is used in the construction of the different
kinds of clothing especially for the inseam, out
seam and side seam.
8. Bartacking Machine. This is used in reinforcing the opening and closing of
pockets and plackets of garments
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Sou
Two Major Parts of the Lockstitch Sewing Machine
The two major parts of the lock stitch sewing machine are the Upper and Lower
parts.
The Upper Parts is composed of:
1. Head is the complete sewing machine without a cabinet or stand.
2. Arm is the curve part of the head containing mechanism for operating
the needle.
3. Bed is the flat portion of the machine and beneath is the feed dog where it
is mounted, and the shuttle and lower thread are placed.
Parts of the Sewing Machine in the Arm
1. Spool Pin is the thread holder.
2. Thread Guide keeps the thread in position.
3. Thread Take up Lever releases the thread and interlocks with the bobbin
thread.
4. Presser bar lifter moves the presser foot high.
5. Tension controls the looseness and tightness of stitches.
6. Needle Bar holds the needle in place.
7. Needle Clamp holds and tightens the needle.
8. Presser Foot holds the fabric in place while sewing.
9. Needle is a slender tool attached in the needle clamp used for sewing.
10. Bobbin Winder controls the bobbin while winding thread.
11. Stitch regulator checks the length of the
stitches.
12. Balance Wheel sets the mechanism in motion.
13. Belt connects the balance wheel to the drive wheel.
14. Stop Motion Screw hinders moving when loosened and starts moving when
tightened.
12
3
2
1
10
4
5
6
11
7
9
14
13
8
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Parts of Sewing Machine under the Bed
1. Feed Dog moves the fabric while sewing.
2. Throat plate is the windows of the feed dog and it is where the bobbin threads
come out.
3. Slide plate is a movable plate that covers the
shuttle and bobbin case.
4. Shuttle holds the bobbin case while sewing.
5. Bobbin is a metal spool for winding thread.
6. Bobbin Case holds the bobbin.
Learning Task 1: Analyze the sentence below. Choose your answer on the box
below. Write your answer in your quiz notebook.
1. When you make a mistake in sewing, what essential tool might you need?
2. One way to finish a seam and keep the fabric from raveling is to trim them
with what special type of shears?
3. What sewing tool is used to hold the fabric together temporarily?
4. What part of sewing machine that holds the fabric while sewing?
5. What kind of machine that makes sewing easier and faster?
Pins
Presser Foot
Running stitch
Pinking Shears
Needle
Seam ripper
Sewing Machine
E
Learning Task 2: Crossword Puzzle. Write in the crossword puzzle the term being
described by the statements below.
1. This is used to as a marker on the materials
2. It is essential in sewing.
3. This is use as device for particular process with
powered by electricity.
4. It is used in inserting thread to the needle.
1
2
3
4
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Learning Task 3 : Identify the numbered parts of Lock stitch sewing
Machine. Write your answer on your paper.
Learning Task 4: Identify the parts of Hi-Speed lockstitch sewing machine and
write function of each parts.
3
1
2
4
6
5
7
A
Learning Task 5: Read the statements and select the letter of the correct answer.
Write the letter on you answer sheet.
1. These are used for cutting leather and suede. It has heavy serrated edge.
a. rotary cutter
b. pinking shear
c. seam ripper
d. leather shear
2. The equipment that makes sewing easier and faster is _________.
a. electric iron b. iron board c. sewing machine d. working table
3. The size of sewing machine needle used for general sewing is
__________.
a. 10
b. 12
c. 14
d. 16
4. A machine that is run by foot which may also be converted to electric power
machine is known as __________.
a. hemmer machine
b. high speed over edger
c. lockstitch machine
d. over edging machine
5. It is a cutting tool with one handle larger than the other handle.
a. leather shear b. seam ripper c. cutting shears
d. seam ripper
6. It is 3 – 4 inches long and is used for trimming and clipping threads and
snipping slashes
a. trimming scissors
b. buttonhole scissors
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7. This cutting tool is popular in zigzagging or scalloped edge or for seam finishes
a. rotary cutter
b. pinking shear
c. seam ripper
d. leather shear
8. It is used to keep pins and needles when not in use.
a. Pins
b pincushion
c. sewing kit
d. emery bag
9. It is used for general marking and for measuring fabric grainline when laying
out the pattern.
a. ruler
b. meter stick
c. tape measure
d. Yard stick
10. A machine used in making fancy stitches and in making different kinds of
embroidery stitches on fabrics is _____________.
a. button oler machine
b. double needle machine
c. embroidery machine
d. lockstitch sewing machine
Learning Task 6: Match the types of the sewing machines from Column A with
their descriptions in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your
notebook.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
_____1. It aids in putting the thread to the needle.
A. French Curve
_____ 2. A small hard pitted cup worn for protection
on the finger.
B. Thread Clipper
_____3. This is used to shape the depth of the neck
hole and armhole of the pattern.
_____4. It is a saw-tooth with a sharp point.
C. Needle Threader
D. Thimble
E. Tracing Wheel
_____5. It is used for snipping threads.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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Obtaining Measurements
I
Lesson
This lesson provides varied and relevant activities and opportunities to
determine your understanding of the key concepts and to demonstrate core
competencies on the following:
1.
Take accurate body measurements
2.
Read and record required measurements
3.
Apply the systems of measurements.
4.
Perform simple calculations based on job requirement.
5.
Demonstrates accurate reading measurements
6.
Assess the appropriateness of design based on client’s features.
7.
Read specifications
8.
Apply the principles of design, color and harmonies.
The pictures below show how to measure different body parts.
Proper tool is essential in taking correct body measurement. Parts of body
to be measured can be taken in:
 Horizontal measurement is taken from the left of the figure to the right.

Vertical measurement is taken from the top of the body figure to its base.
 Circumferential measurement is taken around the body.
Examples:













Neck - Loosely measure around the circumference at the base of your neck.
Bust - Lift your arms to the side. Measure around your body crossing over the
fullest part of your bust. (The tape measure must run directly over your
nipples and across your shoulder blades on your back).
Bust to Bust - Measure from your one nipple to your other nipple.
Upper Bust - Measure around the torso directly above the bust line. From
armhole to armhole +- 8cm down from neck.
Lower Bust - Measure around the torso directly under the bustline
Waist - Measure around the waist at the narrowest natural waistline point,
allowing 2 fingers between your waist and tape measure.
Hips - Measure around the fullest part of your hips. As a guide, this is often
20cm below your natural waistline. Stand with your knees together.
Shoulder to Bust - Measure from tip of the shoulder to the centre of bust
(nipple).
Front Shoulder to Waist - Measure from tip of shoulder over bust to natural
waistline.
Shoulder to Shoulder - Measure across the back of neck from socket of one
shoulder to socket of the other shoulder.
Shoulder to Neck - Measure from base of neck along top of shoulder to the
shoulder socket.
Down Center Back - Measure from nape of neck to natural waist.
Back Shoulder to Waist - Measure from tip of shoulder to natural waist line.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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








Across Back - Measure from armhole across back to armhole positioning tape
measure + - 8cm down from nape of neck.
Full Back - Measure from side seam, under armpits to side seam across back,
positioning tape measure +- 4cm down under armpit.
Sleeve Hole - Measure around the shoulder under the armpit.
Bicep - Measure around the fullest part of the upper arm.
Elbow - Do a fairly loose measurement around the bent elbow.
Over Arm - Measure from outer shoulder socket on outside of arm, with a bent
arm, to the wrist.
Side Seam - Measure from under armpit to natural waistline down.
Over Arm - Measure from outer shoulder socket on outside of arm, with a bent
arm, to the wrist.
Upper Arm – Measure from the outer shoulder socket on outside of arm to
crook of elbow.
There are 2 units of measure that can be used to get body measure. The
Metric System, that uses, millimeter, centimeter and meter. The other is the English System of measure like, inches, feet or yard.
The metric system is an internationally agreed decimal system of
measurement created in France in 1799. The International System of
Units (SI), is the official system of measurement in almost every country in
the world, is based upon the metric system. The units of measurement
commonly used in dressmaking are meters, centimeters and millimeters.
You can convert Metric unit of measure to English unit of measure.
CONVERSION GUIDE
Use this conversion guide to
From
To
Multiply by
Inch
Centimeter
2.54
Centimeter
Inch
0.393701
Feet
Centimeter
30.48
Centimeter
Feet
0.0328084
Yard
Meter
0.9144
Meter
Yard
1.09361
Inch
Feet
0.08333333
Foot
Inch
12
Foot
Yard
0.333333
Yard
Feet
3
Inch
Yard
0.0277778
Solution: From feet to centimeter
multiply the given by 30.48
Yard
Inch
36
5 x 30.48 = 152.4
Millimeter
Centimeter
0.1
Centimeter
Millimeter
10
Centimeter
Meter
0.01
Meter
Centimeter
100
Examples:
1. Convert 100 centimeter to inches.
Solution: From centimeter to inches,
multiply the given by 0.393701.
100 x 0.393701 = 39.73 inches
( rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore 100 cm = 39.73 inches
2. Convert 5 feet to centimeter.
Therefore 5 feet = 152.4 cm
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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Learning Task 1: Identify whether the following are vertical measurements,
horizontal measurements or circumferential
measurements. Draw
for
F
horizontal, for vertical and
for circumferencial.
1. Bust
6. Upper Arm
11. Shoulder to Bust
16. Bicep
2. Upper Bust
7. Side Seam
12. Front Shoulder to Waist
17. Sleeve hole
3. Lower Bust
8. Over Arm
13. Shoulder to shoulder
18. Full Back
4. Waist
9. Under Arm
14. Shoulder to neck
19. Across back
5. Hips
10. Elbow
15. Down Center Back
20. Back Shoulder to Waist
D
Learning Task 2: Using the chart below and your tape measure, take and record
your own body measurements. Use inch as the unit of measure.
Bust
Upper Arm
Front Shoulder to Waist
Sleeve Hole
Upper Bust
Side Seam
Shoulder to Shoulder
Full Back
Lower Bust
Over Arm
Shoulder to Neck
Across Back
Waist
Under Arm
Down Center Back
Back Shoulder to Waist
Hips
Elbow
Bicep
Shoulder to Bust
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E
Learning Task 3: Using the illustration below, record the body measurement
and convert the measurement from inches to centimeters.
Body
Parts
English
System
(Inch)
Metric
System
(cm)
Body
Parts
Neck
Waist
Shoulder
to Bust
Bicep
Neck to
Shoulder
Elbow
Shoulder
to Waist
Under
Arm
Hips
Sleeve
Hole
English
System
(Inch)
Metric
System
(cm)
A
Learning Task 4: Convert the following and show your solutions.
How many..
Are there in..
Inch/es
answers
How many..
Are there in..
500 cm
Centimeter/s
120 meters
Foot/Feet
40 cm
Yard/s
15 inches
Meter/s
12 yards
Meter/s
120 centimeters
Yard/s
20 meters
Inch/es
500 centimeters
Inch/es
12 feet
Centimeter/s
5 feet
answers
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
14
Principles of Designs and Colors
I
Lesson
Principles and Elements of design will greatly help you to determine the
outfits good for you. First things first, you have to identify the types of our body.
The personality of the wearer shows the kind of image she/he projects.
Personalities differ depending on the kind of clothing people wear.
 Introvert persons prefer clothes of simple yet classical cut with pastel or
light colors.
 Extrovert persons are creative, artistic, expressive and energetic. They prefer
clothing that is comfortable, attractive and fashionable. They can wear all
kinds of clothing of varied style, colors and design with confidence.
In this lesson you will be able to assess the appropriateness of design
based on the clients’ features and read specification and apply the principle of
design and color harmonies.
Principles of Design
BALANCE
From the
centered of
the dress,
design should
be identified
on both sides
●Symmetrical or the formal balance –having equal "weight" on equal sides of a
centrally placed like a see saw. This is an easy way of balancing but lends monotony to the design.
●Asymmetrical or the informal balance –The structure decoration and accessories are different both sides from the center of the design.
●Radial the design are at equal distance from a central point;A man wearing a
sun design on the front of his shirt may have this kind of design.
RHYTHM
These are smooth movement lines repeated again and again. It is
created by repeated use of the design. If there is rhythm in a design, the eye would move easily from one part to the other
EMPHASIS
Every pleasing design has one part that is more interesting than
any other. The center of interest.
HARMONY
It is the blending of all components of design. When the structural
lines, decorative lines, colors and accessories all relate to each
other comfortably, harmony results
PROPORTION
The pleasing relationship of all parts of the object with one another. Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of the various
elements in a design. The issue is the relationship between objects, or parts, of a whole.
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
1. Line creates a visual dimension of length and width. When lines meet, space is
enclosed and a shape is defined. Lines direct the eyes to a certain path of
vision, or it can draw the eyes away from an undesirable area of the body.
There are two kinds of lines in garments:
A. The Directional line such as vertical, horizontal, diagonal, checkered,
broken and curved. These affect the height and size of an individual. Lines
are serving as clothing designs like the art of printing flowers, dots and
others on fabric.
B. Structural lines are found on necklines, armholes, hemlines, darts, side
seams, sleeves, collars, tucks and pleats of garments.
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2. Color is a radiant energy loosely termed light that produces sensation in
our eyes.
COLOR THEORY
The first thing you usually notice about clothes or anything is their color.
Before you start studying which colors look best together, you should learn the
meaning of color terms and the rules that apply to colors.
The Color Wheel
Primary Colors – red, blue and yellow.
Secondary Colors – are produced when mixing two equal
amount of primary colors. Look at the color wheel you will
find these colors – orange, green and violet.
Intermediate Colors – are produced by mixing two equal
amount of primary and secondary colors.
Pure Colors – are the primary, secondary and intermediate colors because they
have no white, black and gray in them. Pure colors are also called ―normal, true
and basic colors‖.
Tints – when pure colors are mixed with white, they are made lighter.
Shades – when pure colors are mixed with black, they are made darker.
Grayed colors – most colors we used in clothes are grayed colors rather than
bright, pure colors you see on the color wheel.
Neutrals – are white, black and gray. They look well with another and with all
other colors. The more grayed colors becomes, the more different colors it will
harmonize with. yellow-green, while olives are dull yellow green.
COLOR SCHEMES
1. One-color harmony (monochromatic color) – the easiest color scheme to follow
is one that uses the same color in different values and intensity. Example,
dark blue suit with very dark blue accessories and a light blue blouse.
2. Adjacent color harmony (analogous color harmony) -Since they are near each
other on the color wheel, neighbor color harmony. Example, yellow-orange, orange and yellow green are next to each other on the color wheel.
3. Complementary Color Harmony – these are colors that are opposite in the
color wheel.
a. Complementary colors – directly opposite in the color wheel. Example, red
and green, blue and orange
b. Split complementary colors – a variation of the complementary color
scheme. In addition to the base color, it uses the two colors adjacent to its
complement.
c. Triad - A triadic color scheme uses colors that are evenly spaced around
the color wheel. Triadic color harmonies tend to be quite vibrant, even if
you use.
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Female Body Shape
Apple body shape traits:
 Hips and shoulders have the same width; waistline has the same width or is wider.
 You gain weight mainly around the waist, at least in proportion to the other parts of
your body.





You probably have slender lower legs and arms.
Your high hip is wider than your lower hip.
Your bust and/or midriff are larger than your hips.
You might be short-waisted.
Your thighs or hips are probably the narrowest part of your body.
Pear body shape traits (Triangular):
 Your hips are wider than your shoulders.
 You have round, sloping shoulders.
 You have a well-defined waistline (and might even have killer abs).
 Your buttocks and thighs are full and round.
 Pear body shapes gain weight on their thighs.
Male Body Shape






Your hips and shoulders have about the same width.
You have round and sloping shoulders.
You have a well-defined waistline.
Your lower hips are wider than your high hips.
Your thighs are full but narrower than the lower hips.
Hourglass body shapes gain weight through the hips and above the waist.
Rectangle body shape traits:
 Your hips, waistline and shoulders have about the same width.
 Rectangles gain weight evenly, but may gain some more through the upper
back or neck.
 You have rather straight shoulders.
 Your buttocks are flat.
 You have an athletic build and a small bustline.
Inverted body shape traits:
 You have prominent and broad straight shoulders — wider than your waistline or hips.
 You have an athletic build.
 You might have a larger chest and fuller back than rectangles.
D
Learning Task 1: The following are the lists of principles and elements of
design. Classify whether it is a principle or an element. Draw a
if it is
principle and a
if it is an element.
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
1. BALANCE
5. PROPORTION
2. RHYTHM
6. LINE
3. EMPHASIS
7. COLOR
4. HARMONY
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Learning Task 2: Each body have different shapes. Look carefully, compare then
try to guess their body shape.
E
Learning Task 3: Draw an outfit designed for yourself. Identify the body shape
that you have. Sketch a design of dress/clothes that will fit on your body
shapes. Apply the principles of design and color harmonies.
A
Learning Task 3: Match Column A (Principles of design) to Column B
(description).
A
B
1. BALANCE
A. These are smooth movement lines repeated again and again. It is created
by repeated use of the design.
2. EMPHASIS
B. It is the blending of all components of design.
3. RHYTHM
C. From the centered of the dress, design should be identified on both sides
4. HARMONY
D. Every pleasing design has one part that is more interesting than any other. The center of interest
5. PROPORTION
E. The pleasing relationship of all parts of the object with one another
Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a
design.
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Proper Maintenance of Sewing Machine
I
Lesson
A sewing machine like any piece of equipment, needs some care and
cleaning. Keep it dusted and lubricated at least once a week or more often if the
machine is in constant use. Sewing machine requires basic maintenance of
cleaning, oiling, and lubricating.
You must be familarized with the following terms in taking care of sewing
machine
Adjust – change present setting as in adjusting tensions.
Entangle - forming knots like thread entangled in the bobbin case.
Lift – moving upward as in a presser foot lifter .
Replace – putting something new in the place of an old or damaged
part.
Pucker – wrinkling of fabric caused by very tight stitches.
Lubricant – a material capable of reducing friction when applied
between moving parts.
Lubricate – the act of applying a lubricating agent between moving parts
to reduce friction and preventing the form of rust.
Proper Handling and Cleaning the Sewing Machine
For a machine to perform well, it should be well taken cared of.
A. General Cleaning
As you clean the machine, it is best to clean one area at a time. Remove
only the parts that are involved and be sure to note where each part is from, and
its correct position. Here are the steps:
1. Prepare the needed tools and supplies in cleaning the sewing machine.
Cleaning tools and materials includes: Quality oil, lint brush dry paint brush
screw drivers, pen and record notebook, cotton buds (optional).
2. Remove the needle if there is any. This will prevent the cleaner from pricking
fingers during the cleaning process.
Parts needed to be cleaned
1. Face plate (presser bar, needle bar, thread take up lever, lifter). Unscrew
face plate and keep it in the drawer while cleaning. Brush dust away then
put a little amount of oil while rotating the balance wheel so inner parts can
be accessed. Put back the face plate in place.
2. Upper Tension (disc spring and dial). Remove outer bolt, tension dial, discs
and disc spring. Lay each part in your front table following its disassembling
for easier assembling. Brush dust and wipe with absorbent cloth with oil. Assemble by following the laid parts in your table.
3. Lower Mechanism ( rotary oscillating hook ) Remove bobbin case. Fasten
sides of oscillating hook. Remove dust with lint brush. Put a little amount of
machine oil on moving parts. Return spare parts in place.
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Classifications of Sewing Machine Troubles
There are two classifications of sewing machine troubles, namely:
1. Minor sewing machine trouble. This refers to problems that arise involving
incorrectly attached accessories or supplies, unadjusted tensions, or that requires a little dusting or oiling.
2. Major sewing machine trouble. This involves replacing or removing damage
spare parts that made the sewing machine not totally functioning.
SEWING MACHINE PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES
In the previous lessons, you have learned the basics in sewing machine
operations. This is now the time to apply your skills in giving corrective
measures for identified problems in your machine. Let us review the sewing machine troubles and how to treat them.
PROBLEMS
Skipped
Stitches
Thread
Breaks
Needle
Break
Seams
Pucker
Machine
Jams
CHECK
REMEDIES
1. Type of needle may be wrong for
the fabric
2. Stitch length may be too long.
3. Condition of the needle may
be dull or bent
4. Machine threading may be
incorrect
5. Needle position may be wrong
 Change the needle with the
1. Size of needle too big or too small
2. Type of thread too thin, knotted,
or uneven
3. Type of needle maybe wrong for
the fabric
4. Machine threading may be
incorrect
5. Tension may be too tight.
1. Tension may be too tight
2. Needle position may be wrong
3. Presser foot may not be tight.
4. Fabric – may have too many
layers or may be too thick

1.
2.
3.
4.
Tension may be too tight
Needle may be too big or dull
Thread may be too coarse
Stitch length may be too long
 Loosen tension screw
 Replace the needle
 Change the thread with
1.Bobbin threading may be
incorrect.
2. Thread may be knotted or too
coarse
3. Bobbin case threads may catch
thread
 Rewind thread to bobbin








correct size
Adjust the stitch length to
standard size
Replace the needle with a
new one
Thread the machine properly
Set the needle properly
Change the needle with the
correct size
Change thread with the
correct type
Change the needle with the
correct type
Thread the machine properly
Adjust tension then check
stitches
 Adjust the tension and test
stitches
 Set the needle properly
 Tighten the presser foot
 Adjust pressure on the
presser foot
correct thickness
 Adjust stitch regulator to
 Entangle thread or change
thread
 Remove caught threads from
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Health and Safety Procedure in Sewing Machine Maintenance
Cleaning and lubricating a sewing machine is quite a messy task. Therefore,
personal care should be observed during this activity. The following health and
safety precautions should be practiced at the shop or at home.
1. Wear personal protective equipment. This prevents your clothing from being
tarnished by oil and dirt. Be sure to wear gloves to avoid accumulation of oil
and dirt in your nails and palms. (Wearing of protective eye glasses is optional).
2. Remove the upper belt or turn power off (for powered sewing machine) before
oiling the sewing machine.
3. When a chemical or small spare parts get into your eyes, call the attention of
your teacher at once.
4. Do not remove any safety device from any machine.
5. Be sure that all screws are well-tightened before starting the machine.
6. Make sure that no screws or tools are left on the floor to avoid slipping.
7. Wipe dry spilled oils on the floor to avoid accidents.
8. Assign colored tags for a newly maintained sewing machine. This will make
the user be aware of its present condition.
MAINTAINING RECORDS OF SEWING MACHINE
Recording is very important because it provides solutions to a problem, gives information for tracing the trend to the source. It gives information on consistently unsatisfactory machines, and it also provides vital information for without it, it’s impossible to
know the situation at any given time and so make sound decisions
Record Matrix
A record matrix form is a form to be completed after setting the machine. It may
involve adjustments on the stitch length, tension and attachments included in the accomplishment of the project/activity to be done.
Contents of the Record Matrix
1. Date – the day when the sewing machine is set.
2. Project Title – correct name / agreed name of the project.
Date
July
14,
2008
Project
Title
Straight
Stitching
ADJUSTMENTS AND ATTACHMENTS
Upper
Tension
Stitch
Setting
Thread
Use
No. of
Needle
5
10-8
Polyester
Thread
14
Remarks
Students
Good
Joanne
Zartiga
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E
Learning Activity 2
Answer the following questions based on your own understanding about the lesson.( at least 50 words each). Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1.Why is there a need to put oil on slots after dusting the sewing machine?
2. How do we classify sewing machine troubles?
Learning Activity 3: JUMBLED LETTERS
Rearrange the letters in column A and write the Correct word that corresponds
to the given description in column B. Write the correct word on your activity
notebook.
A.
B.
1. NSTEION
a. Tighten and loosen the stitches
2. SENGSWITSOLO
b. This is essential in cleaning and
lubricating the sewing machine
3. THOCLDPMA
c. It is a cloth applied with moisture on water
4. HURBS
d. It is used in wiping dust in cleaning the
Sewing machine.
5. ROSEBANTB
e. a material property that sucks-up or takes
-in the manner of sponge
A
Learning Task 4: Create Educational Infographics
Plan and create a Poster about the safety procedures in maintenance of sewing
machine. Your output will be evaluated using the given rubrics.
Rubrics
Originality
25 %
Creativity
25 %
Content
30 %
Over all Impact
20
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Hazards and Risks in the Workplace
I
Lesson
Workplace Health and Safety are important factors in any sewing industry either in hand sewing, using a sewing machine or even both an electrical or a
manual sewing machine. Employees/individuals encounter several risk factors,
such as awkward arm, neck, trunk, leg postures and back pains. Safety measures
have to be taken seriously especially when sharp pointed objects are used such
as, scissors, tacking pins, needles, and other equipment.
Sewing involves lots of opportunities for injury. Some of these are obvious, but some are less so. Sewers can injure their bodies in almost imperceptible
ways. Taking basic precautions will reduce the risk of injury in the sewing room.
D
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects
on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss
Hazards in sewing
Hazards that may be encountered when conducting sewing activities include:

Cut and injuries from sharp edges, knife blades, scissors and pins.

Holding the wrist in awkward position while cutting with scissors cause injury to the wrist.

Finger injuries while sewing.

Low back injury from poor posture.

Eye strain from poor lighting.

Back injury from improper lifting procedures
1
E
Learning Task1: Formulate me. Answer the following questions.
1. How you are going to differentiate hazards and risks?
A
Learning Task 2: Reflection
How important to you learning about this module on dressmaking.? Will this
help you as a person?
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Reference
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood.
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education Region 4A CALABARZON
Office Address: Gate 2, Karangalan Village, Cainta, Rizal
Landline: 02-8682-5773, locals 420/421
Email Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph