Student: Linah B Sumo Assignment 2 BUS5113 Date: September 9,2022 Stereotype, Prejudice, and Discrimination write an essay as to how your attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors are affected positively or negatively by them in a personal and organizational context. In an organizational setting, people always face positively and negatively behaviors of their colleagues’ attitudes and perceptions. These behaviors are affected by some negative elements such as stereotypes, discrimination, and prejudice. People’s experiences over time have caused them to develop those elements. Other elements factors such as selective perception, projection, halo effect, tokenism, and intersectionality also impact people’s perception. Perception affects the way people communicate and collaborate. Stereotypes, discrimination, and prejudice make people difficult to understand the truth in the message of other people, thus affecting their behavior and, in turn, the positive or negative results in the organization. In this writing, the three elements will be defined and discussed in this topic and how those elements affect positively or negatively attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors in a personal and organizational context. Stereotypes are beliefs that are imposed on people based on race, nationality, and sexual orientation (Nittle, 2019). These characteristics are often oversimplifications of a person or groups involved, and all stereotypes are considered as generalizations, but not all generalizations are stereotypes. Overall, it is our thought that is about beliefs, attributes, characteristics, and behaviors of a specific group. For example: ‘black people have a great smile’. This statement refers to our assumption we believe in another specific group of people and use it to bias our expectations of a specific person because they belong to that group. Every individual or organization needs to limit the use of stereotypes to templates, so they must be adjusted to reflect one’s perception and reality. Otherwise, as he has observed (Jussim, 2012), stereotypes can produce false, biased, and powerful self-actualization perceptions. According to Dean (2021), prejudice is a person’s attitude based on opinions and stereotypes rather than facts and evidence. In another word, prejudice is an attitude of people that are influenced by biased feelings, moods, and experiences to a particular social group. Overall, it has positive and negative associations about a specific group. For example, ‘I love British’, refers to a positive prejudice whereas “I hate this group” and that refers to a negative prejudice to a particular group. Hence, According to American Psychological Association (2019), discrimination is Unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or sexual orientation. Discrimination is what happens when someone treating other particular people differently based on the group or statue they belong to. If there is a reliable pattern where a person treating another one different in terms of better or worse than others and the primary difference between them is their social identity/category of the specific group they belong to, thus it is discrimination. For example, someone who gives higher tips for white waiters than black waiters in a restaurant. This is driven by the race of the person that is receiving. Overall, discrimination is a behavior in terms of action that is biased by the social category/status/identity of a particular person they belong to. Conclusion: In sum, everyone has the characteristics of a stereotype, discrimination, and prejudice in one way or another. For many people, stereotypes, discrimination, and prejudice have become everyday life and we can see them clearly around us. Experience has influenced our life the way we perceive and receive things that affect our interpretation, meaning, and judgment. We can develop or shape our perception to be as objective, fair, and progressive as possible. Being aware of our prejudices and stereotypes will help eliminate any discrimination. Furthermore, any unfounded discrimination is eliminated by verifying legal or justified discrimination. Diversity makes our society and our organization thrive. References: American Psychological Association. (2019). Discrimination: What it is, and how to cope. Retrieved from: https://www.apa.org/topics/racism-biasdiscrimination/types-stress Dean. E., M. (2021). What Is Prejudice? Psychology, Definition, and Examples. Retrieved from: https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/psychologists/what-is- prejudice-psychology-definition-and-examples/ Jussim, L. (2012). Social Perception and Social Reality: Why Accuracy Dominates Bias and SelfFulfilling Prophecy. Oxford: Oxford Scholarship Online Management Study Guide. (2019). Communication Flows in an Organization. Retrieved from Management Study Guide: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/communication- flows.html Mukendi, Dan. (2019). Can eliminate stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. Retrieved from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/can-eliminate-stereotypes- prejudices-discrimination-dan-mukendi/ Nitte, K., Nadra. (2019) What Is Stereotypes? Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-meaning-of-stereotype- 2834956
