PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
GRADE 11
THE SELF AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. Why do we need to know ourselves?
2. How do we know and accept ourselves better?
SELF
Who
am
0
I?
It is the union of elements, namely: body, thoughts, feelings or emotions, and sensations that make up
the individuality and identity of a person.
TED TALK VID
SELF-CONCEPT
It is how someone thinks about, evaluates, perceives themselves.
: It is the individual's belief about himself/herself, including the person's attributes, and who and what
the self is (Baumeister, 1999).
0
According to Carl Rogers (1959), the self-concept has three different components:
1. SELF-IMAGE: The view you have of yourself.
2. IDEAL SELF: What you wish you were like.
3. SELF-ESTEEM: How much value you place on yourself.
SELF-IMAGE
IDEAL SELF
SELF-ESTEEM
also
known
as
SELF
-
WORTH
:
It is how an individual sees oneself.
It does not have to align with reality
It can be affected by many factors such as: parental influence, friends, media, etc.
It is the person you want to be.
This person has the attributes or qualities you are either working toward or want to possess.
There are four (4) significant factors that influence this:
↳
How others react to us
↳
How we think we compare to others
↳
Our social roles
↳
How we identify with other people
It refers to how much you like, accept, and value yourself.
: It always involves a degree of evaluation, and we may have either a positive or a negative view of
ourselves.
0
HIGH SELF-ESTEEM
LOW SELF-ESTEEM
"Positive/favorable view of oneself"
"Negative view of oneself"
Confident on one's abilities
Lack of confidence
Accepting of themselves
Want to be someone else
Does not worry about what other
Always worried about what others
people think
think
Optimistic
Pessimistic
There are four major factors that influence self-esteem (Argyle, 2008):
1. The reaction of others
2. Comparison with others
3. Social roles
4. Identification
THE SELF AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
C
CONGRUENCE
&
INCONGRUENCE
°
Congruence is where your self-image & ideal self are aligned
self
with each other.
◦
-
image
ideal
PHYSIOLOGICAL
SELF
:
a
Incongruence is where your self-image & ideal self are NOT
aligned with each other.
HOLISTIC
DEVELOPMENT
self
self
-
image
ideal
It refers to the process of self-actualization & learning that combines an individual's mental,
physical, social, emotional, & spiritual growth.
It is how different aspects of our lives are connected with each other.
Physical health is defined as the condition of your body, considering everything from the absence of
disease to fitness level.
Physical health is critical for overall well-being.
: It can be affected by: lifestyle, human biology, environment, & health care services.
EMOTIONAL SELF
SOCIAL SELF
: Emotionally healthy people are in control of their thoughts, feelings, & behaviors.
Emotional development refers to the ability to recognize, express, & manage feelings.
:
Social development is how people develop social & emotional skills across the lifespan, particularly
during adolescence.
Healthy social development allows us to form positive relationships with family friends, teachers, &
other people in our lives.
MENTAL SELF
or
cognitive self
SPIRITUAL SELF
:
Cognitive development is the process by which human beings capture, acquire, organize, & learn to use
knowledge.
The development of knowledge, skills, problem-solving, & dispositions help a person to think about &
understand the world around them.
Spiritual Development is discovering oneself beyond the ego, known as the soul, spirit, or the "inner
essence".
:
It is when one experiences a glimpse of the "inner guide" of one's beliefs and values as one discovers
the meaning of life.
It allows people to connect with a Higher Power (e.g. God, Buddha, Allah, etc.)
self
THE SELF AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
GUIDE QUESTION
JOHARI WINDOW
÷
:
SELF-AWARENESS
How do self-discovery, self-disclosure, & feedback help you improve your self concept?
The 'Johari' window model is a convenient method used to achieve this task of understanding and
enhancing communication between the members in a group.
American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham developed this model in 1955. The idea was derived
as the upshot of the group dynamics in University of California and was later improved by Joseph Luft.
The name 'Johari' came from joining their first two names. This model is also denoted as feedback/
disclosure model of self-awareness.
The Johari window model is used to enhance the individual's perception on others. This model is
based on two ideas- trust can be acquired by revealing information about you to others and
learning yourselves from their feedbacks.
Each person is represented by the Johari model through four quadrants or window pane. Each four
window panes signifies personal information, feelings, motivation and whether that information is known
or unknown to oneself or others in four viewpoints.
1. OPEN AREA - what others know about you and you know too.
2. BLIND AREA - what others know about you but you don't
3. HIDDEN AREA - what others don't know about you but you do
4. UNKNOWN AREA - what others don't know about you and you don't either
If you're highly self-aware, you can objectively evaluate yourself, manage your emotions, align your
behavior with your values, and understand correctly how others perceive you.
INTERNAL SELF-AWARENESS
EXTERNAL SELF-AWARENESS
involves being aware of different
allows you to understand how other
aspects of the self including
people view you
strengths, weaknesses, thoughts,
beliefs, motivations, and emotions
SELF-PRESENTATION
0
refers to the ways that people use to attempt to control how they are perceived by others (Goffman,
1959)
A person
as
a
0
performer
By showing positive impressions about one's abilities, attitudes, motives, status, emotions, &
characteristics, people influence others to respond to them in desirable ways.
COGNITIVE
TRIANGLE
The
things
ourselves
we
tell
0
The cognitive triangle emphasizes the relationship between our thoughts, our feelings, & our behaviors.
It represents how our thoughts change the way that we feel, which changes the way that we act, which
then influences our thoughts.
THOUGHTS
matter
↳
"
I
am
not
prepared
"
Other Ex :
.
"
"
COGNITIVE
TRIANGLE
reclusive
stuttering
↑
BEHAVIORS
Nervous
FEELINGS
}
anxious
I did my best
I
got
this
"
-
"
talk
-
}
happy
recite
-
doing everything
more
-
confident
THE SELF AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
PERSONALITY
TRAITS
O
McCrae and Costa (1987)
O
The Big Five personality traits are openness, conscientiousness,
extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. (OCEAN)
O
OPENNESS TO
EXPERIENCE
Each trait represents a continuum.
O
Individuals can fall anywhere on the continuum for each trait.
O
This personality trait features characteristics such as imagination and
insight.
HIGH
LOW
Very creative;
Dislikes change;
Open to trying new things;
Resists new ideas;
Happy to think of abstract concepts.
Dislikes abstract concepts;
Practical.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
O
This personality trait include high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control, and goal-directed
behaviors.
HIGH
LOW
Sets schedule;
Dislikes structure;
Finished important tasks right away;
Disorganized;
Pays attention to detail.
Impulsive;
Procrastinates on tasks.
EXTRAVERSION
O
This personality trait is characterized by excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and
emotional expressiveness.
HIGH
LOW
Likes to start conversations;
Prefers solitude;
Enjoys meeting people;
Feels exhausted after socializing;
Finds it easy to make friends.
Dislikes being the center of
attention.
AGREEABLENESS
O
This personality trait includes attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness, and affection.
HIGH
LOW
Likes to start conversations;
Prefers solitude;
Enjoys meeting people;
Feels exhausted after socializing;
Finds it easy to make friends.
Dislikes being the center of
attention.
THE SELF AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
NEUROTICISM
0
Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability.
HIGH
LOW
Experiences lot of stress;
Deals well with stress;
Gets upset easily;
Rarely feels upset or sad;
Worries about many things;
Very relaxed;
Has dramatic shifts in mood.
Does not worry too much.
→
How
one 's
help
does
example of OCEAN
knowing
personality
traits
understanding
the self ?
in
DEVELOPMENTAL
TASKS THEORY
0
Biopsychosocial model of development (Havighurst)
Development is continuous throughout a person's entire lifespan, occurring in stages.
: A person moves from one stage to the next through the successful performance of certain
developmental tasks.
0
0
The developmental tasks at each stage are influenced by a person's biology, psychology, and sociology:
↳
BIOLOGICAL - Physiological maturation & genetic makeup
↳
PSYCHOLOGICAL - Personal values & goals
↳
SOCIAL - Unique cultural practices
Importance of sensitive stages which are considered to be the ideal teachable moments during child's
development.
At this
life ,
stage
what
OF
your
developmental
task is relevant to you ,
Mr why ?
THE SELF AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
THE TEEN BRAIN
7 Things to Know:
1. The brain reaches its biggest size in early adolescence.
2. The brain continues to mature even after it is done growing.
Now that we
brain , what
help it
in
know the teen
can
we
do to
its development
?
3. The teen brain is ready to learn & adapt.
4. Many mental disorders may begin to appear during adolescence.
5. Teen brains may be more vulnerable to stress.
6. Teens need more sleep than children & adults.
7. The teen brain is resilient.
"THE CURIOUS PARADOX IS THAT WHEN I ACCEPT MYSELF JUST AS I AM, THEN I
CAN CHANGE." - Carl R. Rogers