Practical Research 2
Leo Olivar Icutan Jr.
CHAPTER 1
Lesson 1
Characteristics, Strengths and Weaknesses of
Quantitative Research

A systematic means of problem solving (Tuckman
1978)

General definition is “finding answers to questions in
an organized and logical and systematic fashion”

"Research is a diligent and systematic inquiry or
investigation into a subject in order to discover facts
or principles.“ - American College Dictionary, 1964
 Identify the problem
 Formulate the hypothesis
 Develop the plan of research
 Collecting and analyzing the data
 Interpreting the results and forming
conclusions
 Publish findings
Formulate a
Question
Publish
Findings
Review the
Available Literature
Interpret
Findings
Select an Appropriate
Research Design
Collect Relevant
Data
Video Title: Qualitative & Quantitative Research - An Introduction
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYmLE8UqCXU&t=14s
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


What was the problem of the café owner in
the video?
How did the owner gather information to
solve his problem using qualitative methods?
How did the owner gather information to
solve his problem using quantitative
methods?
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Characteristics of the QualitativeQuantitative Research
Qualitative
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Quantitative
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Strengths
Weaknesses
•Reliable and valid way of
•Can be costly, difficult, and
concluding results because of a time consuming
bigger number of the sample
of a population
•Require extensive statistical
treatment
•Quantitative experiments are
useful for testing the results of Limited responses can leave
series of qualitative
grey areas e.g. yes or no
experiments
responses
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Question to Consider
Based on the discussions
done, consider the
question below:
Which is better, qualitative or
quantitative research?
Lecture by Leojr2017
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Practical Research 2
Leo Olivar Icutan Jr.
CHAPTER 1
Lesson 2
Kinds of Quantitative Research
 the overall strategy performed in order to
effectively address the research problem
 Constitutes the blueprint for the selection,
measurement, and analysis of data
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Qualitative
Historical
Quantitative
Experimental
Descriptive
Phenomenological
Ethnographic
Pre-Experimental
Survey
Case Study
Quasi-Experimental
Correlational
True Experimental
Comparative
Methods used include:
observation,
interviews, analysis of
documents
Methods used include:
use of experiments
Evaluative
Includes use of
questionnaires
So, when is a
research
design
considered
descriptive or
experimental?
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
Test an idea, treatment, program to see if it
makes a difference.

There is a control group and a test group.
Individuals are randomly assigned to the two
groups. One group gets the treatment (test
group) and the other group (control group) does
not get the treatment.

There is a pre and post-test for both groups in a
traditional experimental design.
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Scenario 1
A researcher wants to
determine whether the
food supplement
developed called “Ultra
Size” can cause muscle
increase.
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Scenario 1 continued
He encouraged 10 men to use the product for 2
months. After 2 months, he checked if there was an
increase in muscle mass on the 10 subjects. What
research design is depicted in the scenario?
O
T
1
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Scenario 2

A teacher observes that his students are
more motivated if he uses multimedia
presentations in class than when using
textbook alone in teaching short stories in her
English classes. She taught one class using
textbook only and another class using
multimedia presentations. At the end of the
unit, she administered a unit test for both
classes.
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Scenario 2 continued…

The teacher
found that the
students who
were taught
using multimedia
have significantly
higher scores
than those taught
using textbook
only.
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
A scientific method which involves observing
and describing the behavior of a subject
without influencing it in any way.

The subject is being observed in a completely
natural and unchanged natural environment.
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Scenario 3

A researcher wanted to determine if
facebook usage causes students to have
lower grades in school. He asked students
how much time do they spend in using
facebook daily. He then related time spent in
using facebook and Grade Point Average of
students.
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The researcher found that the higher the number
of hours spent in using facebook, the lower the
grade point average of students become
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Scenario 3 continued
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Scenario 4
An organization
conducted
research to
determine which
countries
perform better in
Science, Math,
and Reading.
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1. Survey



Used in securing opinions and trends through
the use of questionnaires and interviews
Can be conducted face-to-face or online
e.g. SHS teachers or students opinion on the
impact of SHS Program
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2. Correlational

Used for research studies aimed to determine
the existence of a relationship between two or
more variables and to determine the degree of
the relationship
Examples
 Screen Time and Academic Performance
 Teenage Pregnancy and Health-Associated Risks
 Attitude and Achievement in Mathematics
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3. Comparative Design
 Involves comparing and contrasting two or more
samples on the basis of selected attributes such as
knowledge level, perceptions, attitudes, etc.

Examples:
 Health problems among rural and urban older people
 Employability of Graduates of Public and Private
Secondary Schools
 Scientific Literacy of Filipino and Japanese Students
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4. Evaluative Research Design

Seeks to assess or judge the effectiveness of
a program
Example:
Evaluation of the implementation of work
immersion program for SHS students.
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QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
DESIGNS
Lecture by Leojr2017
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Case Study

It is an approach ‘in which a particular instance or a few
carefully selected cases are studied intensively’ (Gilbert
2008: 36).

A case could be an individual, a group, a community, an
instance, an episode, an event, a subgroup of a
population, a town or a city.
Examples
 Jollibee: Fast-Food, the Filipino Way|Business Strategy|Case
Study ...
 Bullying and School Attendance: A Case Study of Senior High
School Students in Ghana
Lecture by Leojr2017
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Focus groups

A form of strategy in
qualitative research in
which attitudes,
opinions or perceptions
towards an issue,
product, service or
program are explored
through a free and open
discussion between
members of a group
and the researcher.
Lecture by Leojr2017
Example: In marketing research this design is
widely used to find out consumers’ opinion of
and feedback on a product.
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Historical Research

The systematic collection and evaluation of data
to describe, explain, and understand actions or
events that occurred sometime in the past.
Purposes

To make people aware of what has happened in
the past in order to:
 Learn from past failures and successes
 Apply them to present-day problems
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Historical Research
Purposes

To make people aware of what has happened in
the past in order to:
 Learn from past failures and successes
 Apply them to present-day problems
 Make predictions
 Test hypotheses concerning relationships or trends
 Understand present educational practices and policies more
fully
Lecture by Leojr2017
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Historical Research
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Historical Research
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Ethnographic Research

the study of people in their own environment through the
use of methods such as participant observation and face-toface interviewing.

documents cultural similarities and differences and can help
with scientific generalizations about human behavior and the
operation of social and cultural systems (Sidky, 2004).
Example

Grey, E. (2016). Cultural Beliefs and Practices of Ethnic Filipinos: An
Ethnographic Study. IRA-International Journal of Management & Social
Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267), 3(3). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v3.n3.p30
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Post-Earthquake
Safety Inspection
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Proverbs 3:5,6
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